Water-quality managers desire information on the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant concentrations and the magnitudes of watershed and bed-sediment loads in San Francisco Bay. To help provide this information, the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP) takes advantage of the association of many contaminants with sediment particles by continuously measuring suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is an accurate, less costly, and more easily measured surrogate for several trace metals and organic contaminants. Continuous time series of SSC are collected at several sites in the Bay. Although semidiurnal and diurnal tidal fluctuations are present, most of the variability of SSC occurs at fortnightly, monthly, and semiannual tidal time scales. A seasonal cycle of sediment inflow, wind-wave resuspension, and winnowing of fine sediment also is observed. SSC and, thus, sediment-associated contaminants tend to be greater in shallower water, at the landward ends of the Bay, and in several localized estuarine turbidity maxima. Although understanding of sediment transporthas improved in the first 10 years of the RMP, determining a simple mass budget of sediment or associated contaminants is confounded by uncertainties regarding sediment flux at boundaries, change in bed-sediment storage, and appropriate modeling techniques. Nevertheless, management of sediment-associated contaminants has improved greatly. Better understanding of sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in the Bay is of great interest to evaluate the value of control actions taken and the need for additional controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Mumley, T., and Leatherbarrow, J., 2007, Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Research, v. 105, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba302e4b08c986b31faff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumley, T.E.","contributorId":17830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumley","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leatherbarrow, J.E.","contributorId":56035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leatherbarrow","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031545,"text":"70031545 - 2007 - Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031545","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings","docAbstract":"Past disposal of oil-field brine at the surface has caused substantial contamination of water resources in Kansas. Natural saline water occurs in and discharges from Permian bedrock in parts of the state, and other anthropogenic sources of saline water exist, requiring clear identification of different sources. Time-series analysis of Cl- concentration and streamflow relative to pre-contamination contents, and end-member mixing plots, especially for Br- and Cl-, are practical methods for source differentiation and quantification. Although regulations preventing escape of saltwater from oil wells were first passed in Kansas in 1935, much oil and gas brine was disposed on the surface through the 1940s. Hydrogeologic characteristics of the areas with past surface disposal of oil brine differ appreciably and result in large differences in the ratio of saltwater transported in streams or ground water. Much of the brine disposed during the 1910s to 1940s in an area of silty clay soils overlying shale and limestone bedrock in south-central Kansas soon ran off or was flushed from the surface by rain into streams. Chloride concentration in the rivers draining this area often exceeded 1000 mg/L after the start of oil production up to the 1950s. Chloride content in the rivers then generally declined to about 100 mg/L or less in recent low flows. Oil brine was also disposed in surface ponds overlying the unconsolidated High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas from the latter 1920s into the 1940s. Most of the surface-disposed brine infiltrated to the underlying aquifer. Where the High Plains aquifer is thin, saltwater has migrated along the top of clay layers or the underlying shaly bedrock and either discharged into small streams or flowed into thicker parts of the aquifer. Where the aquifer is thick, surface-disposed oil brine moved downward until reaching clay lenses, migrated latterly to the edge of the clay, and again moved downward if still dense enough. Water-level declines from pumping have increased the lateral migration rate of the saltwater contamination in the aquifer towards water-supply wells. The period of flushing most of the surface-disposed saltwater from the area of shale and limestone bedrock is on the order of many decades but is at least many centuries for the deeper parts of the High Plains aquifer. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Whittemore, D.O., 2007, Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2099-2114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002.","startPage":"2099","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002"},{"id":239764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f05e4b0c8380cd53711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030580,"text":"70030580 - 2007 - Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030580","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama","docAbstract":"Although North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are well-studied throughout their range, researchers know little about demographic and environmental factors influencing survival of ducklings and broods, which is necessary information for population management. We studied radiomarked female and duckling wood ducks that used nest boxes and palustrine wetlands at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR) in Mississippi, USA, in 1996-1999, and riverine wetlands of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Rivers and Waterway (TTRW) system in Alabama in 1998-1999. We estimated survival of ducklings and broods and evaluated potentially important predictors of duckling survival, including age and body mass of brood-rearing females, hatch date of ducklings, duckling mass, brood size at nest departure, inter-day travel distance by ducklings, site and habitat use, and daily minimum air temperature and precipitation. At NNWR, survival of 300 radiomarked ducklings ranged from 0.15 (95% CI = 0.04-0.27) to 0.24 (95% CI = 0.13-0.38) and was 0.21 (95% CI = 0.15-0.28) for 1996-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.64 (n = 91; 95% CI = 0.54-0.73). At TTRW, survival of 129 radiomarked ducklings was 0.29 in 1998 (95% CI = 0.20-0.41) and 1999 (95% CI = 0.13-0.45) and was 0.29 (95% CI = 0.20-0.40) for 1998-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.71 (n = 38; 95% CI = 0.56-0.85). At NNWR, models that included all predictor variables best explained variation in duckling survival. Akaike weight (wi) for the best model was 0.81, suggesting it was superior to other models (<0.01 ??? wi ???0.18). We detected 4 competing models for duckling survival at TTRW. Inter-day distance traveled by ducklings was important as this variable appeared in all 4 models; duckling survival was positively related to this variable. Patterns of habitat-related survival were similar at both study areas. Ducklings in broods that used scrub-shrub habitats disjunct from wetlands containing aggregations of nest boxes had greater survival probabilities than birds remaining in wetlands with such nest structures. Managers may increase local wood duck recruitment by promoting availability of suitable brood habitats (e.g., scrub-shrub wetlands) without aggregations of nest boxes that may attract predators and by dispersing nest boxes amid or adjacent to these habitats. We did not determine an optimal density of nest boxes relative to local or regional population goals, which remains important research and conservation needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2005-720","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Davis, J.B., Cox, R.R., Kaminski, R., and Leopold, B., 2007, Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 507-517, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-720.","startPage":"507","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-720"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2e3e4b08c986b31fa2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. B. hdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":81838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","email":"hdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leopold, B.D.","contributorId":72738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042710,"text":"cir13063H - 2007 - Temporal analysis of floodwater volumes in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:10:41","indexId":"cir13063H","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"3H","title":"Temporal analysis of floodwater volumes in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina","docAbstract":"Satellite images from multiple sensors and dates were analyzed to measure the extent of flooding caused by Hurricane Katrina in the New Orleans, La., area. The flood polygons were combined with a high-resolution digital elevation model to estimate water depths and volumes in designated areas. The multiple satellite acquisitions enabled monitoring of the floodwater volume and extent through time.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13063H","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 3H in Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005. See Circular 1306 for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., and Rowland, J., 2007, Temporal analysis of floodwater volumes in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13063H.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_3h.jpg"},{"id":265920,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":265921,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch3_h.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.138,29.869 ], [ -90.138,30.175 ], [ -89.627,30.175 ], [ -89.627,29.869 ], [ -90.138,29.869 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50fa7d8fe4b061045bf9ad2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jodie","contributorId":29531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jodie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030049,"text":"70030049 - 2007 - Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T14:48:32","indexId":"70030049","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat","title":"Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat","docAbstract":"The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. has colonized northwestern Atlantic coastal habitats from southern Long Island, New York, to Eastport, Maine. It is also present in offshore habitats of the Georges Bank fishing grounds. It threatens to alter fisheries habitats and shellfish aquacultures.
\nObservations in a tide pool at Sandwich, MA from December 2003 to February 2006 show that Didemnum sp. tolerates water temperatures ranging from ≤ 1 to > 24 °C, with daily changes of up to 11 °C. It attaches to pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, and it overgrows other tunicates, seaweeds, sponges, and bivalves. From May to mid July, colonies appear as small patches on the bottoms of rocks. Colonies grow rapidly from July to September, with some growth into December, and they range in color from pink to pale yellow to pale orange. Colony health declines from October through April, presumably in response to changes in water temperatures, and this degenerative process is manifested by color changes, by the appearance of small dark brown spots that represent clumps of fecal pellets in the colony, by scavenging by periwinkles, and by a peeling-away of colonies from the sides of cobbles and boulders. At Sandwich, colonies died that were exposed to air at low tide. The species does not exhibit this seasonal cycle of growth and decline in subtidal habitats (40–65 m) on the Georges Bank fishing grounds where the daily climate is relatively stable and annual water temperatures range from 4 to 15 °C. Experiments in the tide pool with small colony fragments (5 to 9 cm2) show they re-attach and grow rapidly by asexual budding, increasing in size 6- to 11-fold in the first 15 days. Didemnum sp. at Sandwich has no known predators except for common periwinkles (Littorina littorea) that graze on degenerating colonies in the October to April time period and whenever colonies are stressed by desiccation.
\nThe tendencies of the ascidian (1) to attach to firm substrates, (2) to rapidly overgrow other species, (3) to tolerate a wide temperature range, (4) to be free from predation, and (5) to spread by colony fragmentation combine to make it a potential threat to benthic marine habitats and aquacultures. Didemnum sp. is known to overgrow mussels, oysters, and sea scallops, and it likely envelops other bivalves too.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Carman, M., Blackwood, D., and Heffron, E., 2007, Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 342, no. 1, p. 109-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Sandwich","otherGeospatial":"Cape Code Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.82061767578125,\n 41.71085461169185\n ],\n [\n -69.78103637695311,\n 41.71085461169185\n ],\n [\n -69.78103637695311,\n 42.33926006673673\n ],\n [\n -70.82061767578125,\n 42.33926006673673\n ],\n [\n -70.82061767578125,\n 41.71085461169185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"342","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a055ae4b0c8380cd50d7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carman, M.R.","contributorId":24177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heffron, E.J.","contributorId":35953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heffron","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030192,"text":"70030192 - 2007 - First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030192","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)","docAbstract":"Sponges are not a common principal component of Cenozoic reefs and are more typically dominant in deep-water and/or cold-water localities. Here we report the discovery of extensive upper Pleistocene shallow-marine, tropical sponge biostromes from the Mami Limestone of southeastern Florida built by a new ceractinomorph demosponge. These upright, barrel- to vase-shaped sponges occur in monospecific aggregations constructed within the tidal channels of an oolitic tidal-bar belt similar to modern examples on the Great Bahama Bank. The biostromes appear to have a ribbon-like geometry, with densely spaced sponges populating a paleochannel along a 3.5 km extent in the most lengthy biostrome. These are very large (as high as 2 m and 1.8 m in diameter), particularly well-preserved calcified sponges with walls as hard as concrete. Quartz grains are the most common particles agglutinated in the structure of the sponge walls. Where exposed, sediment fill between the sponges is commonly a highly burrowed or cross-bedded ooid-bearing grainstone and, locally, quartz sand. It is postulated that the dense, localized distribution of these particular sponges was due to a slight edge over competitors for food or energy supply and space in a stressed environment of tidal-influenced salinity and nutrient changes, strong currents, and frequently shifting submarine sand dunes. To our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of sponge biostromes composed of very large upright sponges within high-energy tidal channels between ooid shoals. The remarkably well-preserved accumulations provide an alternative example of sponge reefs for comparative paleoenvironmental studies. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23402A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K., Rigby, J., Wacker, M., and Curran, H., 2007, First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida): Geology, v. 35, no. 5, p. 475-478, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23402A.1.","startPage":"475","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23402A.1"},{"id":239537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1052e4b0c8380cd53c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigby, J.K.","contributorId":40332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigby","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wacker, M.A.","contributorId":91168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curran, H.A.","contributorId":30820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029902,"text":"70029902 - 2007 - Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-03T08:42:42","indexId":"70029902","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA","docAbstract":"We examined potential sources and the temporal dynamics of arsenic (As) in the slightly alkaline waters of the Wallkill River, northwestern New Jersey, where violations of water-quality standards have occurred. The study design included synoptic sampling of stream water and bed sediments in tributaries and the mainstem, hyporheic-zone/ground water on the mainstem, and seasonal and diurnal sampling of water at selected mainstem sites. The river valley is bordered by gneiss and granite highlands and shale lowlands and underlain by glacial deposits over faulted dolomites and the Franklin Marble. Ore bodies in the Marble, which have been mined for rare Zn ore minerals, also contain As minerals. Tributaries, which drain predominantly forested and agricultural land, contributed relatively little As to the river. The highest concentrations of As (up to 34 μg/L) emanated from the outlet of man-made Lake Mohawk at the river's headwaters; these inputs varied substantially with season—high during warm months, low during cold months, apparently because of biological activity in the lake. Dissolved As concentrations were lower (3.3 μg/L) in river water than those in ground water discharging into the riverbed (22 μg/L) near the now-closed Franklin Mine. High total As concentrations (100–190 mg/kg) on the < 0.63 μm fraction of bed sediments near the mine apparently result from sorption of the As in the ground-water discharge as well as from the As minerals in the streambed. As concentrations in river water were diluted during high stream flow in fall, winter and spring, and concentrated during low flow in summer. In unfiltered samples from a wetlands site, diurnal cycles in trace-element concentrations occurred; As concentrations appeared to peak during late afternoon as pH increased, but Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked shortly after midnight. The temporal variability of As and its presence at elevated concentrations in ground water and sediments as well as streamwater demonstrate the importance of (1) sampling a variety of media and (2) determining the time scales of As variability to fully characterize its passage through a river system.
Base flow water in Leavenworth Creek, a tributary to South Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado, contains copper and zinc at levels toxic to aquatic life. The metals are predominantly derived from the historical Waldorf mine, and sources include an adit, a mine-waste dump, and mill-tailings deposits. Tracer-injection and water-chemistry synoptic studies were conducted during low-flow conditions to quantify metal loads of mining-impacted inflows and their relative contributions to nearby Leavenworth Creek. During the 2-year investigation, the adit was rerouted in an attempt to reduce metal loading to the stream. During the first year, a lithium-bromide tracer was injected continuously into the stream to achieve steady-state conditions prior to synoptic sampling. Synoptic samples were collected from Leavenworth Creek and from discrete surface inflows. One year later, synoptic sampling was repeated at selected sites to evaluate whether rerouting of the adit flow had improved water quality.
\nThe largest sources of copper and zinc to the creek were from surface inflows from the adit, diffuse inflows from wetland areas, and leaching of dispersed mill tailings. Major instream processes included mixing between mining- and non-mining-impacted waters and the attenuation of iron, aluminum, manganese, and othermetals by precipitation or sorption. One year after the rerouting, the Zn and Cu loads in Leavenworth Creek from the adit discharge versus those from leaching of a large volume of dispersed mill tailings were approximately equal to, if not greater than, those before. The mine-waste dump does not appear to be a major source of metal loading. Any improvement that may have resulted from the elimination of adit flow across the dump was masked by higher adit discharge attributed to a larger snow pack. Although many mine remediation activities commonly proceed without prior scientific studies to identify the sources and pathways of metal transport, such strategies do not always translate to water-quality improvements in the stream. Assessment of sources and pathways to gain better understanding of the system is a necessary investment in the outcome of any successful remediation strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2007.4017(05)","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., and Wirt, L., 2007, Mining-impacted sources of metal loading to an alpine stream based on a tracer-injection study, Clear Creek County, Colorado: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 17, p. 85-103, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.4017(05).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Clear Creek County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.00433349609375,\n 39.48920467334085\n ],\n [\n -106.00433349609375,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -105.42755126953125,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -105.42755126953125,\n 39.48920467334085\n ],\n [\n -106.00433349609375,\n 39.48920467334085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1bae4b02e76d7590bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033180,"text":"70033180 - 2007 - Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","docAbstract":"Assessments of acidic deposition effects on aquatic ecosystems have often been hindered by complications from naturally occurring organic acidity. Measurements of pH and ANCG, the most commonly used indicators of chemical effects, can be substantially influenced by the presence of organic acids. Relationships between pH and inorganic Al, which is toxic to many forms of aquatic biota, are also altered by organic acids. However, when inorganic Al concentrations are plotted against ANC (the sum of Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+, and K+, minus SO42-, NO3-, and Cl-), a distinct threshold for Al mobilization becomes apparent. If the concentration of strong organic anions is included as a negative component of ANC, the threshold occurs at an ANC value of approximately zero, the value expected from theoretical charge balance constraints. This adjusted ANC is termed the base-cation surplus. The threshold relationship between the base-cation surplus and Al was shown with data from approximately 200 streams in the Adirondack region of New York, during periods with low and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and for an additional stream from the Catskill region of New York. These results indicate that (1) strong organic anions can contribute to the mobilization of inorganic Al in combination with SO42- and NO 3-, and (2) the presence of inorganic Al in surface waters is an unambiguous indication of acidic deposition effects. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es061437v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Sutherland, J., Boylen, C., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S.W., Momen, B., Baldigo, B., and Simonin, H.A., 2007, Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 93-98, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061437v.","startPage":"93","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061437v"},{"id":241163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e693e4b0c8380cd474f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutherland, J.W.","contributorId":61622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boylen, C.W.","contributorId":43151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boylen","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. W.","contributorId":27683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nierzwicki-Bauer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Momen, B.","contributorId":91283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033634,"text":"70033634 - 2007 - The importance of subsurface geology for water source and vegetation communities in Cherokee Marsh, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T19:08:23.416541","indexId":"70033634","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of subsurface geology for water source and vegetation communities in Cherokee Marsh, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Restoration of disturbed wetland systems is an important component of wetland mitigation, yet uncertainty remains about how hydrologic processes affect biologic processes and wetlands patterns. To design more effective restoration strategies and re-establish native plant communities in disturbed wetlands, it is imperative to understand undisturbed systems. A site within Cherokee Marsh located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, contains a relatively undisturbed area of wetland consisting of plant communities common within the prairie landscape including a fen, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. These distinct communities are found within an area of minimal topographic relief, yet transitions from one community to the next occur over short distances. This study sought to characterize the geologic, hydrologic, and chemical gradients associated with these shifts in vegetation to gain insight into the factors controlling the spatial differences in dominant plant species, which could be critical for restoration success. Vegetation analyses revealed a transition of dominant sedge species, which appeared to correspond to changes in hydrology from a ground-water dominated to a surface-water dominated system (as determined by water isotopes). Along the same vegetation transect, subsurface coring results show a heterogeneous composition of peat and till with lateral and vertical variations in stratigraphy, which relates to variability in ground-water discharge as evidenced by hydroperiods and stable isotope composition. Applications of this type of approach throughout the glaciated terrains of the midwestern and northeastern United States and Canada can improve future wetland restoration and management.
","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[189:TIOSGF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kurtz, A., Bahr, J., Carpenter, Q.J., and Hunt, R., 2007, The importance of subsurface geology for water source and vegetation communities in Cherokee Marsh, Wisconsin: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 1, p. 189-202, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[189:TIOSGF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Cherokee Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.4015884399414,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -89.3579864501953,\n 43.1529763194357\n ],\n [\n -89.33446884155273,\n 43.162994070968374\n ],\n [\n -89.33378219604492,\n 43.18427633964703\n ],\n [\n -89.34288024902344,\n 43.19203626250746\n ],\n [\n -89.38013076782227,\n 43.18527767545014\n ],\n [\n -89.4063949584961,\n 43.158861947471785\n ],\n [\n -89.41188812255858,\n 43.14258116631987\n ],\n [\n -89.4093132019043,\n 43.1355665702956\n ],\n [\n -89.4015884399414,\n 43.13656870471118\n ],\n [\n -89.4015884399414,\n 43.137069765760344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacffe4b08c986b3238e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurtz, A.M.","contributorId":74969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bahr, J.M.","contributorId":62346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, Q. J.","contributorId":38743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Q.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Randal J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":52861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randal J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033633,"text":"70033633 - 2007 - The importance of shallow confining units to submarine groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:28:30","indexId":"70033633","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The importance of shallow confining units to submarine groundwater flow","docAbstract":"In addition to variable density flow, the lateral and vertical heterogeneity of submarine sediments creates important controls on coastal aquifer systems. Submarine confining units produce semi-confined offshore aquifers that are recharged on shore. These low-permeability deposits are usually either late Pleistocene to Holocene in age, or date to the period of the last interglacial highstand. Extensive confining units consisting of peat form in tropical mangrove swamps, and in salt marshes and freshwater marshes and swamps at mid-latitudes. At higher latitudes, fine-grained glaciomarine sediments are widespread. The net effect of these shallow confining units is that groundwater from land often flows farther offshore before discharging than would normally be expected. In many settings, the presence of such confining units is critical to determining how and where pollutants from land will be discharged into coastal waters. Alternatively, these confining units may also protect fresh groundwater supplies from saltwater intrusion into coastal wells.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Bratton, J., 2007, The importance of shallow confining units to submarine groundwater flow, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 28-36.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacfde4b08c986b3238d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033321,"text":"70033321 - 2007 - Trends in the occurrence of MTBE in drinking water in the Northeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033321","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in the occurrence of MTBE in drinking water in the Northeast United States","docAbstract":"Public water systems in Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Rhode Island sampled treated drinking water from 1993-2006 and analyzed the samples for MTBE. The US Geological Survey examined trends in the occurrence of MTBE in drinking water derived from ground water in these States for two near-decadal time steps; 1993-1999 and 2000-2006. MTBE was detected in 14% of drinking water samples collected in all States from 1993-1999 and in 19% of drinking water samples collected from the same systems from 2000-2006 and this difference was statistically significant. Trends in the occurrence of MTBE in each State by individual year indicated significant positive trends in Maryland and New Hampshire. Significant, increasing trends in MTBE concentrations were observed in Maryland and Rhode Island by individual year. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2007 Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment and Remediation Conference (Houston, TX 11/5-6/2007).","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Management - Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conf","conferenceTitle":"Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment and Remediation Conferen","conferenceDate":"5 November 2007 through 6 January 2017","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","issn":"10479","isbn":"9781605604053","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., 2007, Trends in the occurrence of MTBE in drinking water in the Northeast United States, in Ground Water Management - Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conf, Houston, TX, 5 November 2007 through 6 January 2017.","startPage":"147","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb813e4b08c986b32766f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033316,"text":"70033316 - 2007 - Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:52:41.800191","indexId":"70033316","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models aid in describing water flows and levels in wetlands. Frequently, these models use a specific yield conceptualization to relate water flows to water level changes. Traditionally, a simple conceptualization of specific yield is used, composed of two constant values for above- and below-surface water levels and neglecting the effects of soil capillarity and land surface microtopography. The effects of capillarity and microtopography on specific yield were evaluated at three wetland sites in the Florida Everglades. The effect of capillarity on specific yield was incorporated based on the fillable pore space within a soil moisture profile at hydrostatic equilibrium with the water table. The effect of microtopography was based on areal averaging of topographically varying values of specific yield. The results indicate that a more physically-based conceptualization of specific yield incorporating capillary and microtopographic considerations can be substantially different from the traditional two-part conceptualization, and from simpler conceptualizations incorporating only capillarity or only microtopography. For the sites considered, traditional estimates of specific yield could underor over-estimate the more physically based estimates by a factor of two or more. The results suggest that consideration of both capillarity and microtopography is important to the formulation of specific yield in physically based hydrologic models of wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[693:EOCAMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2007, Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 3, p. 693-701, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[693:EOCAMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a2e4b0c8380cd51345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033246,"text":"70033246 - 2007 - Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033246","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Fall and spring streamwater samples were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) and major ions from 47 locations on Mount Desert Island in Maine. Samples were collected in zones that were burned in a major wildfire in 1947 and in zones that were not burned. We hypothesized that Hg concentrations in streamwater would be higher from unburned sites than burned watersheds, because fire would volatilize stored Hg. The Hg concentrations, based on burn history, were not statistically distinct. However, significant statistical associations were noted between Hg and the amount of wetlands in the drainage systems and with streamwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC). An unexpected result was that wetlands mobilized more Hg by generating more DOC in total, but upland DOC was more efficient at transporting Hg because it transports more Hg per unit DOC. Mercury concentrations were higher in samples collected at lower elevations. Mercury was positively correlated with relative discharge, although this effect was not distinguished from the DOC association. In this research, sample site elevation and the presence of upstream wetlands and their associated DOC affected Hg concentrations more strongly than burn history. ?? Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Peckenham, J., Kahl, J.S., Nelson, S., Johnson, K., and Haines, T., 2007, Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 126, no. 1-3, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2"},{"id":241130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4407e4b0c8380cd667bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peckenham, J.M.","contributorId":98953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenham","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, S.J.","contributorId":45901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K.B.","contributorId":31208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033219,"text":"70033219 - 2007 - Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:57:46","indexId":"70033219","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality","docAbstract":"Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This workgroup, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.8839","issn":"00916765","usgsCitation":"Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P., and Wichman, M., 2007, Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3901e4b0c8380cd61781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkholder, J.","contributorId":7091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkholder","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Libra, B.","contributorId":73016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weyer, P.","contributorId":76947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heathcote, S.","contributorId":20163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heathcote","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.","contributorId":18128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, P.S.","contributorId":31986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wichman, M.","contributorId":49983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wichman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033218,"text":"70033218 - 2007 - Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033218","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","docAbstract":"The spawning distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka was compared between clear and glacially turbid habitats in Lake Clark, Alaska, with the use of radiotelemetry. Tracking of 241 adult sockeye salmon to 27 spawning locations revealed both essential habitats and the relationship between spawn timing and seasonal turbidity cycles. Sixty-six percent of radio-tagged sockeye salmon spawned in turbid waters (???5 nephelometric turbidity units) where visual observation was difficult. Spawning in turbid habitats coincided with seasonal temperature declines and associated declines in turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. Because spawn timing is heritable and influenced by temperature, the observed behavior suggests an adaptive response to glacier-fed habitats, as it would reduce embryonic exposure to the adverse effects of fine sediments. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-321.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Young, D.B., and Woody, C., 2007, Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 2, p. 452-459, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1.","startPage":"452","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d4e4b08c986b31ac73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, C.A.","contributorId":99211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033191,"text":"70033191 - 2007 - Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","docAbstract":"The relations of decadal to multidecadal (D2M) variability in global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) with D2M variability in the flow of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) are examined for the years 1906-2003. Results indicate that D2M variability of SSTs in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans is associated with D2M variability of the UCRB. A principal components analysis (with varimax rotation) of detrended and 11-year smoothed global SSTs indicates that the two leading rotated principal components (RPCs) explain 56% of the variability in the transformed SST data. The first RPC (RPC1) strongly reflects variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the second RPC (RPC2) represents variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean SSTs. Results indicate that SSTs in the North Atlantic Ocean (RPC1) explain as much of the D2M variability in global SSTs as does the combination of Indian and Pacific Ocean variability (RPC2). These results suggest that SSTs in all of the oceans have some relation with flow of the UCRB, but the North Atlantic may have the strongest and most consistent association on D2M time scales. Hydroclimatic persistence on these time scales introduces significant nonstationarity in mean annual streamflow, with critical implications for UCRB water resource management. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Betancourt, J., and Hidalgo, H., 2007, Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x"},{"id":240820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033185,"text":"70033185 - 2007 - Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:49:54","indexId":"70033185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","docAbstract":"Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.
Hydrographs from shallow wells in vegetated riparian zones frequently display a distinctive pattern of diurnal water table fluctuations produced by variations in plant water use. A multisite investigation assessed the major controls on these fluctuations and the ecohydrologic insights that can be gleaned from them. Spatial and temporal variations in the amplitude of the fluctuations are primarily a function of variations in (1) the meteorological drivers of plant water use, (2) vegetation density, type, and vitality, and (3) the specific yield of sediments in the vicinity of the water table. Past hydrologic conditions experienced by the riparian zone vegetation, either in previous years or earlier within the same growing season, are also an important control. Diurnal water table fluctuations can be considered a diagnostic indicator of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes at most sites, so the information embedded within these fluctuations should be more widely exploited in ecohydrologic studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004627","usgsCitation":"Butler, J.J., Kluitenberg, G.J., Whittemore, D.O., Loheide, S.P., Jin, W., Billinger, M.A., and Zhan, X., 2007, A field investigation of phreatophyte‐induced fluctuations in the water table: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 2, Article W02404; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004627.","productDescription":"Article W02404; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3d3e4b0c8380cd46241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, James J. Jr.","contributorId":199860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluitenberg, Gerard J.","contributorId":93706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluitenberg","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loheide, Steven P. II","contributorId":62377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loheide","given":"Steven","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Wei","contributorId":169363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Billinger, Mark A.","contributorId":117268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billinger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhan, Xiaoyong","contributorId":140206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033048,"text":"70033048 - 2007 - Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T12:57:11","indexId":"70033048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior","docAbstract":"Recent predator demand and prey supply studies suggest that an annual daytime bottom trawl survey of Lake Superior underestimates prey fish biomass. A multiple-gear (acoustics, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl) nighttime survey has been recommended, but before abandoning a long-term daytime survey the effectiveness of night sampling of important prey species must be verified. We sampled three bottom depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site where the fish community included all commercially and ecologically important species. Day and night samples were collected within 48 h at all depths during eight different periods (one new and one full moon period during both early summer and late summer to early fall over 2 years). Biomass of demersal and benthic species was higher in night bottom trawl samples than in day bottom trawl samples. Night acoustic collections showed that pelagic fish typically occupied water cooler than 15°C and light levels less than 0.001 lx. Using biomass in night bottom trawls and acoustic biomass above the bottom trawl path, we calculated an index of acoustic detectability for each species. Ciscoes Coregonus artedi, kiyis C. kiyi, and rainbow smeltOsmerus mordax left the bottom at night, whereas bloaters C. hoyi stayed nearer the bottom. We compared the biomass of important prey species estimated with two survey types: day bottom trawls and night estimates of the entire water column (bottom trawl biomass plus acoustic biomass). The biomass of large ciscoes (>200 mm) was significantly greater when measured at night than when measured during daylight, but the differences for other sizes of important species did not vary significantly by survey type. Nighttime of late summer is a period when conditions for biomass estimation are largely invariant, and all important prey species can be sampled using a multiple-gear approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M06-090.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Adams, J., Stockwell, J., and Gorman, O.T., 2007, Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-090.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-090.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc079e4b08c986b32a14c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033047,"text":"70033047 - 2007 - Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70033047","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios","docAbstract":"Coalbed gases and waters from exploratory and production gas wells in the southeastern Illinois Basin were sampled to assess geochemically the origin of coalbed gases, with an emphasis on the Springfield and Seelyville Coal Members that are commercially targeted for coalbed methane production in Indiana. On-line analyses of hydrocarbon gases methane to butanes (C1, C2, C3, n-C4, i-C4) and CO2 yielded gas concentrations, plus ??D and ??13C values. The low thermal maturity of Indiana coals with vitrinite reflectance R0 ??? 0.6% is in agreement with an overwhelmingly biogenic isotopic signature of coalbed gases containing ???96% methane generated via bacterial CO2-reduction. In contrast, thermogenic gas was generated in the stratigraphically equivalent coal beds in western Kentucky's Rough Creek Graben zone where higher maturities of up to R0 ??? 0.8% were reached owing to tectonic and hydrothermal activity. No secondary biogenic methane was observed in more mature western Kentucky coal beds where greater burial depth limits the recharge of meteoric water. Biogenic and thermogenic coalbed gases represent two end-members that are compositionally and isotopically distinct. Microbial biodegradation of thermogenic C2+ hydrocarbon gases in Indiana coal beds preferentially targets C3 and introduces isotope fractionation whereby remaining C3 is enriched in deuterium and 13C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Mastalerz, M., Eble, C., and Schimmelmann, A., 2007, Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios: Organic Geochemistry, v. 38, no. 2, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213583,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005"},{"id":241221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e6e4b0c8380cd4bfb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.","contributorId":57273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}