1. Macroinvertebrate count data often exhibit nested or hierarchical structure. Examples include multiple measurements along each of a set of streams, and multiple synoptic measurements from each of a set of ponds. With data exhibiting hierarchical structure, outcomes at both sampling (e.g. within stream) and aggregated (e.g. stream) scales are often of interest. Unfortunately, methods for modelling hierarchical count data have received little attention in the ecological literature.
2. We demonstrate the use of hierarchical count models using fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) count data and habitat predictors derived from sampling and aggregated spatial scales. The sampling scale corresponded to that of a standard Ponar grab (0.052 m2) and the aggregated scale to impounded and backwater regions within 38–197 km reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Impounded and backwater regions were resampled annually for 10 years. Consequently, measurements on clams were nested within years. Counts were treated as negative binomial random variates, and means from each resampling event as random departures from the impounded and backwater region grand means.
3. Clam models were improved by the addition of covariates that varied at both the sampling and regional scales. Substrate composition varied at the sampling scale and was associated with model improvements, and reductions (for a given mean) in variance at the sampling scale. Inorganic suspended solids (ISS) levels, measured in the summer preceding sampling, also yielded model improvements and were associated with reductions in variances at the regional rather than sampling scales. ISS levels were negatively associated with mean clam counts.
4. Hierarchical models allow hierarchically structured data to be modelled without ignoring information specific to levels of the hierarchy. In addition, information at each hierarchical level may be modelled as functions of covariates that themselves vary by and within levels. As a result, hierarchical models provide researchers and resource managers with a method for modelling hierarchical data that explicitly recognises both the sampling design and the information contained in the corresponding data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Haro, R.J., Rogala, J.T., and Sauer, J.S., 2005, Modelling habitat associations with fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) counts at multiple spatial scales using hierarchical count models: Freshwater Biology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 715-729, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"729","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -89.967041015625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -92.076416015625,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -92.911376953125,\n 44.91035917458495\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 44.73892994307368\n ],\n [\n -91.944580078125,\n 44.14279782818058\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -91.373291015625,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 42.633958722673135\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 41.89409955811395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Roger J.","contributorId":12813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-1563-1425 jsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1425","contributorId":609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Jennifer","email":"jsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031463,"text":"70031463 - 2005 - Nonlinear regression modeling of nutrient loads in streams: A Bayesian approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:14:35","indexId":"70031463","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear regression modeling of nutrient loads in streams: A Bayesian approach","docAbstract":"A Bayesian nonlinear regression modeling method is introduced and compared with the least squares method for modeling nutrient loads in stream networks. The objective of the study is to better model spatial correlation in river basin hydrology and land use for improving the model as a forecasting tool. The Bayesian modeling approach is introduced in three steps, each with a more complicated model and data error structure. The approach is illustrated using a data set from three large river basins in eastern North Carolina. Results indicate that the Bayesian model better accounts for model and data uncertainties than does the conventional least squares approach. Applications of the Bayesian models for ambient water quality standards compliance and TMDL assessment are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR003986","usgsCitation":"Qian, S.S., Reckhow, K.H., Zhai, J., and McMahon, G., 2005, Nonlinear regression modeling of nutrient loads in streams: A Bayesian approach: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07012; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR003986.","productDescription":"Article W07012; 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr003986","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a678ee4b0c8380cd733be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qian, Song S.","contributorId":198934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reckhow, Kenneth H.","contributorId":141208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reckhow","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhai, Jun","contributorId":52707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhai","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031642,"text":"70031642 - 2005 - Albino mutation rates in red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle L.) as a bioassay of contamination history in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031642","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Albino mutation rates in red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle L.) as a bioassay of contamination history in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"We assessed the sensitivity of a viviparous estuarine tree species, Rhizophora mangle, to historic sublethal mutagenic stress across a fine spatial scale by comparing the frequency of trees producing albino propagules in historically contaminated (n=4) and uncontaminated (n=11) forests in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Data from uncontaminated forests were used to provide estimates of background mutation rates. We also determined whether other fitness parameters were negatively correlated with mutagenic stress (e.g., degree of outcrossing and numbers of reproducing trees km-1). Contaminated sites in Tampa Bay had significantly higher frequencies of trees that were heterozygous for albinism per 1000 total reproducing trees (FHT) than uncontaminated forests (mean ?? SE: 11.4 ?? 4.3 vs 4.3 ?? 0.73, P<0.022). Two sites that were contaminated by oil failed to show elevated FHT, although in the first instance, the mutagenic effects of the oil may have been reduced by several weeks of weathering in open water before coming ashore, and in the second > 25 yrs of subsequent recruitment and tree replacement may have allowed an initial elevation in the FHT to decay. Patterns of FHT were not explained by distance from the bay mouth or the degree of urbanization. However, there was a significant positive relationship between tree size and FHT (r=0.83, P<0.018), which suggests that forests with older or larger trees provide a more lasting record of cumulative mutagenic stress. No other fitness parameters correlated with FHT. There was a difference in FHT between two latitudes, as determined by comparing Tampa Bay with literature values for Puerto Rico. The sensitivity of this bioassay for the effects of mutagens will facilitate future monitoring of contamination events and comparisons of bay-wide recovery in future decades. Development of a database of FHT values for a range of subtropical and tropical estuaries is underway that will provide a baseline against which to compare mutational consequences of global change. ?? 2005, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/9","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Proffitt, C., and Travis, S., 2005, Albino mutation rates in red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle L.) as a bioassay of contamination history in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 2, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.1672/9.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/9"},{"id":239706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e955e4b0c8380cd481f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travis, S.E. 0000-0001-9338-8953","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8953","contributorId":28718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031523,"text":"70031523 - 2005 - Estimating hydrodynamic roughness in a wave-dominated environment with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031523","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating hydrodynamic roughness in a wave-dominated environment with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler","docAbstract":"Hydrodynamic roughness is a critical parameter for characterizing bottom drag in boundary layers, and it varies both spatially and temporally due to variation in grain size, bedforms, and saltating sediment. In this paper we investigate temporal variability in hydrodynamic roughness using velocity profiles in the bottom boundary layer measured with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP). The data were collected on the ebb-tidal delta off Grays Harbor, Washington, in a mean water depth of 9 m. Significant wave height ranged from 0.5 to 3 m. Bottom roughness has rarely been determined from hydrodynamic measurements under conditions such as these, where energetic waves and medium-to-fine sand produce small bedforms. Friction velocity due to current u*c and apparent bottom roughness z0a were determined from the PCADP burst mean velocity profiles using the law of the wall. Bottom roughness kB was estimated by applying the Grant-Madsen model for wave-current interaction iteratively until the model u*c converged with values determined from the data. The resulting kB values ranged over 3 orders of magnitude (10-1 to 10-4 m) and varied inversely with wave orbital diameter. This range of kB influences predicted bottom shear stress considerably, suggesting that the use of time-varying bottom roughness could significantly improve the accuracy of sediment transport models. Bedform height was estimated from kB and is consistent with both ripple heights predicted by empirical models and bedforms in sonar images collected during the experiment. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JC001814","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J., Sherwood, C.R., Wilson, D., Chisholm, T., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2005, Estimating hydrodynamic roughness in a wave-dominated environment with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 110, no. 6, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001814.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477833,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3616","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001814"},{"id":239965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b22e4b0c8380cd525b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, J.R.","contributorId":68508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, D.J.","contributorId":56038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chisholm, T.A.","contributorId":12268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chisholm","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.R.","contributorId":88766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001054,"text":"1001054 - 2005 - Application of neural networks to prediction of fish diversity and salmonid production in the Lake Ontario basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T11:21:37","indexId":"1001054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of neural networks to prediction of fish diversity and salmonid production in the Lake Ontario basin","docAbstract":"Diversity and fish productivity are important measures of the health and status of aquatic systems. Being able to predict the values of these indices as a function of environmental variables would be valuable to management. Diversity and productivity have been related to environmental conditions by multiple linear regression and discriminant analysis, but such methods have several shortcomings. In an effort to predict fish species diversity and estimate salmonid production for streams in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario, I constructed neural networks and trained them on a data set containing abiotic information and either fish diversity or juvenile salmonid abundance. Twenty percent of the original data were retained as a test data set and used in the training. The ability to extend these neural networks to conditions throughout the streams was tested with data not involved in the network training. The resulting neural networks were able to predict the number of salmonids with more than 84% accuracy and diversity with more than 73% accuracy, which was far superior to the performance of multiple regression. The networks also identified the environmental variables with the greatest predictive power, namely, those describing water movement, stream size, and water chemistry. Thirteen input variables were used to predict diversity and 17 to predict salmonid abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/FT04-044.1","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2005, Application of neural networks to prediction of fish diversity and salmonid production in the Lake Ontario basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 1, p. 28-43, https://doi.org/10.1577/FT04-044.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266986,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/FT04-044.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029191,"text":"70029191 - 2005 - Differentiation of commercial vermiculite based on statistical analysis of bulk chemical data: Fingerprinting vermiculite from Libby, Montana U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029191","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of commercial vermiculite based on statistical analysis of bulk chemical data: Fingerprinting vermiculite from Libby, Montana U.S.A","docAbstract":"Major-, minor-, and trace-element compositions, as determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, were obtained on 34 samples of vermiculite to ascertain whether chemical differences exist to the extent of determining the source of commercial products. The sample set included ores from four deposits, seven commercially available garden products, and insulation from four attics. The trace-element distributions of Ba, Cr, and V can be used to distinguish the Libby vermiculite samples from the garden products. In general, the overall composition of the Libby and South Carolina deposits appeared similar, but differed from the South Africa and China deposits based on simple statistical methods. Cluster analysis provided a good distinction of the four ore types, grouped the four attic samples with the Libby ore, and, with less certainty, grouped the garden samples with the South Africa ore.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1789","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Gunter, M.E., Singleton, E., Bandli, B., Lowers, H., and Meeker, G., 2005, Differentiation of commercial vermiculite based on statistical analysis of bulk chemical data: Fingerprinting vermiculite from Libby, Montana U.S.A: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 4, p. 749-754, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1789.","startPage":"749","endPage":"754","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1789"},{"id":237468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0109e4b0c8380cd4fa70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunter, M. E.","contributorId":104937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singleton, E.","contributorId":42847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bandli, B.R.","contributorId":75824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandli","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001052,"text":"1001052 - 2005 - Nowcast modeling of Escherichia coli concentrations at multiple urban beaches of southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:22:00","indexId":"1001052","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nowcast modeling of Escherichia coli concentrations at multiple urban beaches of southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Predictive modeling for Escherichia coli concentrations at effluent-dominated beaches may be a favorable alternative to current, routinely criticized monitoring standards. The ability to model numerous beaches simultaneously and provide real-time data decreases cost and effort associated with beach monitoring. In 2004, five Lake Michigan beaches and the nearby Little Calumet River outfall were monitored for E. coli 7 days a week; on nine occasions, samples were analyzed for coliphage to indicate a sewage source. Ambient lake, river, and weather conditions were measured or obtained from independent monitoring sources. Positive tests for coliphage analysis indicated sewage was present in the river and on bathing beaches following heavy rainfall. Models were developed separately for days with prevailing onshore and offshore winds due to the strong influence of wind direction in determining the river's impact on the beaches. Using regression modeling, it was determined that during onshore winds, E. coli could be adequately predicted using wave height, lake chlorophyll and turbidity, and river turbidity (R2=0.635, N=94); model performance decreased for offshore winds using wave height, wave period, and precipitation (R2=0.320, N=124). Variation was better explained at individual beaches. Overall, the models only failed to predict E. coli levels above the EPA closure limit (235 CFU/100 ml) on five of eleven occasions, indicating that the model is a more reliable alternative to the monitoring approach employed at most recreational beaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.012","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M.B., and Whitman, R.L., 2005, Nowcast modeling of Escherichia coli concentrations at multiple urban beaches of southern Lake Michigan: Water Research, v. 39, no. 20, p. 5250-5260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.012.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5250","endPage":"5260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035262,"text":"70035262 - 2005 - Appalachian coal assessment: Defining the coal systems of the Appalachian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035262","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appalachian coal assessment: Defining the coal systems of the Appalachian basin","docAbstract":"The coal systems concept may be used to organize the geologic data for a relatively large, complex area, such as the Appalachian basin, in order to facilitate coal assessments in the area. The concept is especially valuable in subjective assessments of future coal production, which would require a detailed understanding of the coal geology and coal chemistry of the region. In addition, subjective assessments of future coal production would be enhanced by a geographical information system that contains the geologic and geochemical data commonly prepared for conventional coal assessments. Coal systems are generally defined as one or more coal beds or groups of coal beds that have had the same or similar genetic history from their inception as peat deposits, through their burial, diagenesis, and epigenesis to their ultimate preservation as lignite, bituminous coal, or anthracite. The central and northern parts of the Appalachian basin contain seven coal systems (Coal Systems A-G). These systems may be defined generally on the following criteria: (1) on the primary characteristics of their paleopeat deposits, (2) on the stratigraphic framework of the Paleozoic coal measures, (3) on the relative abundance of coal beds within the major stratigraphic groupings, (4) on the amount of sulfur related to the geologic and climatic conditions under which paleopeat deposits accumulated, and (5) on the rank of the coal (lignite to anthracite). ??2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.9","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 2005, Appalachian coal assessment: Defining the coal systems of the Appalachian basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 387, p. 9-30, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.9.","startPage":"9","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.9"}],"issue":"387","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec76e4b0c8380cd492a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, R. C.","contributorId":58688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027339,"text":"70027339 - 2005 - Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027339","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Landslides are a widespread, frequent, and costly hazard in Seattle and the Puget Sound area of Washington State, USA. Shallow earth slides triggered by heavy rainfall are the most common type of landslide in the area; many transform into debris flows and cause significant property damage or disrupt transportation. Large rotational and translational slides, though less common, also cause serious property damage. The hundreds of landslides that occurred during the winters of 1995-96 and 1996-97 stimulated renewed interest by Puget Sound communities in identifying landslide-prone areas and taking actions to reduce future landslide losses. Informal partnerships between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the City of Seattle, and private consultants are focusing on the problem of identifying and mapping areas of landslide hazard as well as characterizing temporal aspects of the hazard. We have developed GIS-based methods to map the probability of landslide occurrence as well as empirical rainfall thresholds and physically based methods to forecast times of landslide occurrence. Our methods for mapping landslide hazard zones began with field studies and physically based models to assess relative slope stability, including the effects of material properties, seasonal groundwater levels, and rainfall infiltration. We have analyzed the correlation between historic landslide occurrence and relative slope stability to map the degree of landslide hazard. The City of Seattle is using results of the USGS studies in storm preparedness planning for emergency access and response, planning for development or redevelopment of hillsides, and municipal facility planning and prioritization. Methods we have developed could be applied elsewhere to suit local needs and available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-005-0023-y","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Baum, R., Coe, J.A., Godt, J., Harp, E.L., Reid, M., Savage, W.Z., Schulz, W., Brien, D., Chleborad, A., McKenna, J., and Michael, J.A., 2005, Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA: Landslides, v. 2, no. 4, p. 266-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-005-0023-y.","startPage":"266","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-005-0023-y"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a536e4b0e8fec6cdbd87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brien, D.L.","contributorId":43027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chleborad, A.F.","contributorId":17990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70142630,"text":"70142630 - 2005 - Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T15:52:20","indexId":"70142630","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","docAbstract":"In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970–2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developed land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of land-cover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoration.
Strategies for mitigating the global greenhouse effect must account for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics at both spatial and temporal scales, which is usually challenging owing to limitations in data and approach. This study was conducted to characterize the SOC dynamics associated with land use change history in the northwestern Great Plains ecoregion. A sampling framework (40 sample blocks of 10 × 10 km2 randomly located in the ecoregion) and the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) were used to quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the SOC stock from 1972 to 2001. Results indicate that C source and sink areas coexisted within the ecoregion, and the SOC stock in the upper 20-cm depth increased by 3.93 Mg ha−1 over the 29 years. About 17.5% of the area was evaluated as a C source at 122 kg C ha−1 yr−1. The spatial variability of SOC stock was attributed to the dynamics of both slow and passive fractions, while the temporal variation depended on the slow fraction only. The SOC change at the block scale was positively related to either grassland proportion or negatively related to cropland proportion. We concluded that the slow C pool determined whether soils behaved as sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2, but the strength depended on antecedent SOC contents, land cover type, and land use change history in the ecoregion.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005GB002536","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Johnston, C., Loveland, T., Tieszen, L., Liu, J., and Kurtz, R., 2005, Soil organic carbon dynamics as related to land use history in the northwestern Great Plains: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 19, no. 3, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002536.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477932,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002536","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002536"},{"id":238112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9211e4b08c986b319c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, C.A.","contributorId":42175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurtz, R.","contributorId":29203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027864,"text":"70027864 - 2005 - U-Pb zircon geochronology of Mesoproterozoic postorogenic rocks and implications for post-Ottawan magmatism and metallogenesis, New Jersey Highlands and contiguous areas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027864","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb zircon geochronology of Mesoproterozoic postorogenic rocks and implications for post-Ottawan magmatism and metallogenesis, New Jersey Highlands and contiguous areas, USA","docAbstract":"Postorogenic rocks are widespread in Grenville terranes of the north-central Appalachians where they form small, discordant, largely pegmatitic felsic intrusive bodies, veins, and dikes, and also metasomatic calcic skarns that are unfoliated and postdate the regional 1090 to 1030 Ma upper amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism related to the Grenville (Ottawan) Orogeny. Zircons from magmatic and nonmagmatic rocks from northern New Jersey and southern New York were dated to provide information on the regional tectonomagmatic and metallogenic history following Ottawan orogenesis. We obtained U-Th-Pb zircon ages of 1004 ?? 3 Ma for pegmatite associated with the 1020 ?? 4 Ma Mount Eve Granite near Big Island, New York, 986 ?? 4 Ma for unfoliated, discordant pegmatite that intrudes supracrustal marble at the Buckwheat open cut, Franklin, New Jersey, ???990 Ma for a silicate-borate skarn layer in the Franklin Marble at Rudeville, New Jersey, and 940 ?? 2 Ma for a calc-silicate skarn layer at Lower Twin Lake, New York. This new data, together with previously published ages of 1020 ?? 4 to 965 ?? 10 Ma for postorogenic rocks from New Jersey and southern New York, provide evidence of magmatic activity that lasted for up to 60 Ma past the peak of high-grade metamorphism. Postorogenic magmatism was almost exclusively felsic and involved relatively small volumes of metaluminous to mildly peraluminous melt that fractionated from an A-type granite parent source. Field relationships suggest the melts were emplaced along lithosphere-scale fault zones in the Highlands that were undergoing extension and that emplacement followed orogenic collapse by least 30 Ma. Postorogenic felsic intrusions correspond to the niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF) class of pegmatites of C??erny?? (1992a). Geochronologic data provide a temporal constraint on late-stage hydrothermal activity and a metallogenic event in New Jersey at ???990 to 940 Ma that mineralized pegmatites with subeconomic to economic deposits of magnetite ?? U ?? Th ?? rare earth element (REE) and formed metasomatic calcic skarn bodies in marble and reactive carbonate rocks. Mineralization associated with this event overlaps the timing of pegmatite emplacement, suggesting a petrogenetic relationship. Coeval metallogeny at 975 to 950 Ma in the New York Hudson Highlands and 980 to 937 Ma in the Canadian Grenville Province implies that this event was widespread following the Ottawan phase of the Grenville Orogeny. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2005.06.003","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Volkert, R., Zartman, R., and Moore, P., 2005, U-Pb zircon geochronology of Mesoproterozoic postorogenic rocks and implications for post-Ottawan magmatism and metallogenesis, New Jersey Highlands and contiguous areas, USA: Precambrian Research, v. 139, no. 1-2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2005.06.003.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2005.06.003"}],"volume":"139","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d5e4b08c986b327e3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, P.B.","contributorId":37527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027810,"text":"70027810 - 2005 - Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027810","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics","docAbstract":"The inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material (NOM) in solutions seeded with calcite was investigated using a pH-stat system. Experiments were carried out using three NOMs with different physical/chemical properties. For each of the materials, inhibition was found to be more effective at lower carbonate/calcium ratios and lower pH values. The reduction in the precipitation rate could be explained by a Langmuir adsorption model using a conditional equilibrium constant. By identification of the type of site on the NOM molecules that is involved in the adsorption reaction, the \"conditional\" equilibrium constants obtained at different solution compositions converged to a single \"nonconditional\" value. The thermodynamic data determined at 25??C and 1 atm suggest that the interaction between NOM molecules and the calcite surface is chemisorptive in nature and that adsorption is an endothermic reaction driven by the entropy change. The greatest degree of inhibition was observed for the NOM with the highest molecular weight and aromatic carbon content. For a given type of NOM, the degree of inhibition of calcite precipitation was dictated by the balance between the enthalpy change and the entropy change of the adsorption reaction. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es050470z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lin, Y., Singer, P., and Aiken, G., 2005, Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 17, p. 6420-6428, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050470z.","startPage":"6420","endPage":"6428","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050470z"},{"id":238284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bd6e4b0c8380cd62872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Y.-P.","contributorId":62822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, P.C.","contributorId":80424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027807,"text":"70027807 - 2005 - Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027807","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina","docAbstract":"We estimated survival, fertility, and realized and asymptotic population growth rates from 1981 to 2002 for a protected population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We used Akaike's information criterion to assess the time interval for averaging observations that was best for estimating vital rates for our study, given our yearly sample sizes. The temporal symmetry approach allowed us to directly assess population growth and to address all losses and gains to the population by using only capture data, offering an alternative to the logistically intensive collection of reproductive data. Models that averaged survival and fertility across 5- and 7-year time intervals were best supported by our data. Studies of black bear populations with annual sample sizes similar to ours should be of at least 5 years in duration to estimate vital rates reliably, and at least 10 years in duration to evaluate changes in population growth rate (??). We also hypothesized that survival would not track changes in ?? because ?? is influenced by both survival and fertility. The 5-year model supported our hypothesis, but the 7-year model did not. Where long-term dynamics of large, relatively stable bear populations are of interest, monitoring survival is likely to be sufficient for evaluating trends in ??. For rapidly changing, small populations, however, failure to incorporate fertility into assessments of ?? could be misleading. ?? 2005 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Brongo, L., Mitchell, M., and Grand, J., 2005, Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 86, no. 5, p. 1029-1035, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4976e4b0c8380cd68612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brongo, L.L.","contributorId":100604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brongo","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027794,"text":"70027794 - 2005 - Evaluation of wolf density estimation from radiotelemetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:53:23","indexId":"70027794","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of wolf density estimation from radiotelemetry data","docAbstract":"Density estimation of wolves (Canis lupus) requires a count of individuals and an estimate of the area those individuals inhabit. With radiomarked wolves, the count is straightforward but estimation of the area is more difficult and often given inadequate attention. The population area, based on the mosaic of pack territories, is influenced by sampling intensity similar to the estimation of individual home ranges. If sampling intensity is low, population area will be underestimated and wolf density will be inflated. Using data from studies in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, we investigated these relationships using Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate effects of radiolocation effort and number of marked packs on density estimation. As the number of adjoining pack home ranges increased, fewer relocations were necessary to define a given percentage of population area. We present recommendations for monitoring wolves via radiotelemetry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1225:EOWDEF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Burch, J.W., Adams, L., Follmann, E., and Rexstad, E.A., 2005, Evaluation of wolf density estimation from radiotelemetry data: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 4, p. 1225-1236, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1225:EOWDEF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1225:eowdef]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d0ae4b0c8380cd52dc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":75049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rexstad, Eric A.","contributorId":55701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027915,"text":"70027915 - 2005 - Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection using one- and two-dimensional modeling of GPR Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T20:04:09.276093","indexId":"70027915","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection using one- and two-dimensional modeling of GPR Data","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is used to track a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) injection in a laboratory sand tank. Before modeling, the GPR data provide a qualitative image of DNAPL saturation and movement. One-dimensional (1D) GPR modeling provides a quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volume within a given thickness during and after the injection. DNAPL saturation in sublayers of a specified thickness could not be quantified because calibration of the 1D GPR model is nonunique when both permittivity and depth of multiple layers are unknown. One-dimensional GPR modeling of the sand tank indicates geometric interferences in a small portion of the tank. These influences are removed from the interpretation using an alternate matching target. Two-dimensional (2D) GPR modeling provides a qualitative interpretation of the DNAPL distribution through pattern matching and tests for possible 2D influences that are not accounted for in the 1D GPR modeling. Accurate quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volumes using GPR modeling requires (1) identification of a suitable target that produces a strong reflection and is not subject to any geometric interference; (2) knowledge of the exact depth of that target; and (3) use of two-way radar-wave travel times through the medium to the target to determine the permittivity of the intervening material, which eliminates reliance on signal amplitude. With geologic conditions that are suitable for GPR surveys (i.e., shallow depths, low electrical conductivities, and a known reflective target), the procedures in this laboratory study can be adapted to a field site to delineate shallow DNAPL source zones.","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0011.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., and Poeter, E.P., 2005, Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection using one- and two-dimensional modeling of GPR Data: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 25, no. 1, p. 159-169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0011.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d8de4b0c8380cd63658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":415779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027926,"text":"70027926 - 2005 - Quantifying Northern Goshawk diets using remote cameras and observations from blinds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027926","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying Northern Goshawk diets using remote cameras and observations from blinds","docAbstract":"Raptor diet is most commonly measured indirectly, by analyzing castings and prey remains, or directly, by observing prey deliveries from blinds. Indirect methods are not only time consuming, but there is evidence to suggest these methods may overestimate certain prey taxa within raptor diet. Remote video surveillance systems have been developed to aid in monitoring and data collection, but their use in field situations can be challenging and is often untested. To investigate diet and prey delivery rates of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), we operated 10 remote camera systems at occupied nests during the breeding seasons of 1999 and 2000 in east-central Arizona. We collected 2458 hr of useable video and successfully identified 627 (93%) prey items at least to Class (Aves, Mammalia, or Reptilia). Of prey items identified to genus, we identified 344 (81%) mammals, 62 (15%) birds, and 16 (4%) reptiles. During camera operation, we also conducted observations from blinds at a subset of five nests to compare the relative efficiency and precision of both methods. Limited observations from blinds yielded fewer prey deliveries, and therefore, lower delivery rates (0.16 items/hr) than simultaneous video footage (0.28 items/hr). Observations from blinds resulted in fewer prey identified to the genus and species levels, when compared to data collected by remote cameras. Cameras provided a detailed and close view of nests, allowed for simultaneous recording at multiple nests, decreased observer bias and fatigue, and provided a permanent archive of data. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A.S., DeStefano, S., and Ingraldi, M., 2005, Quantifying Northern Goshawk diets using remote cameras and observations from blinds: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 303-309.","startPage":"303","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91bee4b0c8380cd8042d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, A. S.","contributorId":101448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingraldi, M.F.","contributorId":41214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingraldi","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027714,"text":"70027714 - 2005 - Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T15:59:19","indexId":"70027714","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","docAbstract":"Steam-enhanced remediation (SER) has been successfully used to remove DNAPL and LNAPL contaminants in porous media. Between August and November 2002, SER was tested in fractured limestone at the former Loring Air Force Base, in Maine, USA. During the SER investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of borehole radar surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through the fractured limestone. The data were collected before steam injection, 10 days after the beginning of injection, and at the end of injection. In this paper, reflection-mode borehole radar data from wells JBW-7816 and JBW-7817A are presented and discussed. Theoretical modeling was performed to predict the variation of fracture reflectivity owed to heating, to show displacement of water and to assess the effect of SER at the site. Analysis of the radar profile data indicates some variations resulting from heating (increase of continuity of reflectors, attenuation of deeper reflections) but no substantial variation of traveltimes. Spectral content analysis of several individual reflections surrounding the boreholes was used to investigate the replacement of water by steam in the fractures. Observed decrease in radar reflectivity was too small to be explained by a replacement of water by steam, except for two high-amplitude reflectors, which disappeared near the end of the injection; moreover, no change of polarity, consistent with steam replacing water, was observed. The decrease of amplitude was greater for reflectors near well JBW-7817A and is explained by a greater heating around this well.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","conferenceDate":"May 3-5, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Delft, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AGPR.2005.1487846","isbn":"9080970115; 9789080970113","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Lane, J., and Joesten, P., 2005, Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005, v. 2005, Delft, Netherlands, May 3-5, 2005, p. 55-59, 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Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027958,"text":"70027958 - 2005 - Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027958","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model","docAbstract":"The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) instrument on NASA's Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite provides for nine spectral bands at 30m ground sample distance (GSD) and a 10m GSD panchromatic band. This report describes an image sharpening technique where the higher spatial resolution information of the panchromatic band is used to increase the spatial resolution of ALI multispectral (MS) data. To preserve the spectral characteristics, this technique combines reported deconvolution deblurring methods for the MS data with highpass filter-based fusion methods for the Pan data. The deblurring process uses the point spread function (PSF) model of the ALI sensor. Information includes calculation of the PSF from pre-launch calibration data. Performance was evaluated using simulated ALI MS data generated by degrading the spatial resolution of high resolution IKONOS satellite MS data. A quantitative measure of performance was the error between sharpened MS data and high resolution reference. This report also compares performance with that of a reported method that includes PSF information. Preliminary results indicate improved sharpening with the method reported here.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Visual Information Processing XIV","conferenceDate":"29 March 2005 through 30 March 2005","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.604517","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 2005, Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5817, Orlando, FL, 29 March 2005 through 30 March 2005, p. 336-346, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604517.","startPage":"336","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.604517"}],"volume":"5817","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e51e4b08c986b31887c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.Reichenbach S.E.","contributorId":128448,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.Reichenbach S.E.","id":536634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027656,"text":"70027656 - 2005 - Reproduction and mating behavior of the atlantic flyingfish, Cheilopogon melanurus (Exocoetidae), off North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T15:37:36","indexId":"70027656","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and mating behavior of the atlantic flyingfish, Cheilopogon melanurus (Exocoetidae), off North Carolina","docAbstract":"The reproductive biology of Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes, 1847) was examined off North Carolina during the summers of 1991–1992 and 1999–2003. Specimens were collected using a small mesh neuston net and dip nets. A spawning event, the first observation of mating behavior for this species, was recorded off Cape Fear, North Carolina, on 19 August 2003. It was considered to be a spawning event due to: 1) unusual coloration of both sexes, 2) unusual swimming behavior of both sexes, and 3) ready release of gametes by both sexes upon capture. The spawning event occurred in the presence of small clumps of floating Sargassum, but the fish did not appear to use the algae. Over all collections, female gonadosomatic indices were highest in June and July, but mature females were collected each month (June, July, and August). The overall female to male sex ratio did not vary significantly from 1:1. Number of ova increased with increasing fish size, but the relationship was not strong. Our data indicate a spawning season of at least June through August off North Carolina due to high female gonadosomatic indices, large egg diameters, presence of egg filaments, presence of spent females in July and August, and presence of small juveniles (≤ 25 mm) in July and August. This is the first report of single pair spawning for this family; other species reportedly spawn in large aggregations.
","language":"English","publisher":"APT Online Publ.","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Casazza, T.L., Ross, S., Necaise, A.M., and Sulak, K.J., 2005, Reproduction and mating behavior of the atlantic flyingfish, Cheilopogon melanurus (Exocoetidae), off North Carolina: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 77, no. 3, p. 363-375.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/2005/00000077/00000003/art00003"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 35.55904339525896\n ],\n [\n -76.17370605468749,\n 35.357696204467516\n ],\n [\n -76.5802001953125,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -76.83837890625,\n 34.76417891445512\n ],\n [\n -76.761474609375,\n 34.52013562807766\n ],\n [\n -76.5252685546875,\n 34.4069096565206\n ],\n [\n -76.2945556640625,\n 34.511083202999714\n ],\n [\n -75.6683349609375,\n 34.7506398050501\n ],\n [\n -75.1959228515625,\n 35.232159412017154\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 35.38457160381764\n ],\n [\n -75.3717041015625,\n 35.50092819950358\n ],\n [\n -75.5804443359375,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 35.61711648382185\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 35.55904339525896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa892e4b0c8380cd859a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Tara L.","contributorId":68453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":41134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve W.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":414597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Necaise, Ann Marie","contributorId":28062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Necaise","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027655,"text":"70027655 - 2005 - Coseismic slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027655","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, Japan","docAbstract":"The slip distribution associated with the 1923 M = 7.9 Kanto, Japan, earthquake is reexamined in light of new data and modeling. We utilize a combination of first-order triangulation, second-order triangulation, and leveling data in order to constrain the coseismic deformation. The second-order triangulation data, which have not been utilized in previous studies of 1923 coseismic deformation, are associated with only slightly smaller errors than the first-order triangulation data and expand the available triangulation data set by about a factor of 10. Interpretation of these data in terms of uniform-slip models in a companion study by Nyst et al. shows that a model involving uniform coseismic slip on two distinct rupture planes explains the data very well and matches or exceeds the fit obtained by previous studies, even one which involved distributed slip. Using the geometry of the Nyst et al. two-plane slip model, we perform inversions of the same geodetic data set for distributed slip. Our preferred model of distributed slip on the Philippine Sea plate interface has a moment magnitude of 7.86. We find slip maxima of ???8-9 m beneath Odawara and ???7-8 m beneath the Miura peninsula, with a roughly 2:1 ratio of strike-slip to dip-slip motion, in agreement with a previous study. However, the Miura slip maximum is imaged as a more broadly extended feature in our study, with the high-slip region continuing from the Miura peninsula to the southern Boso peninsula region. The second-order triangulation data provide good evidence for ???3 m right-lateral strike slip on a 35-km-long splay structure occupying the volume between the upper surface of the descending Philippine Sea plate and the southern Boso peninsula. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003638","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Nyst, M., Nishimura, T., and Thatcher, W., 2005, Coseismic slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, Japan: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003638.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003638"},{"id":238202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5ce4b0c8380cd4e246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027640,"text":"70027640 - 2005 - Climate science and famine early warning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:12:55","indexId":"70027640","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate science and famine early warning","docAbstract":"Food security assessment in sub-Saharan Africa requires simultaneous consideration of multiple socio-economic and environmental variables. Early identification of populations at risk enables timely and appropriate action. Since large and widely dispersed populations depend on rainfed agriculture and pastoralism, climate monitoring and forecasting are important inputs to food security analysis. Satellite rainfall estimates (RFE) fill in gaps in station observations, and serve as input to drought index maps and crop water balance models. Gridded rainfall time-series give historical context, and provide a basis for quantitative interpretation of seasonal precipitation forecasts. RFE are also used to characterize flood hazards, in both simple indices and stream flow models. In the future, many African countries are likely to see negative impacts on subsistence agriculture due to the effects of global warming. Increased climate variability is forecast, with more frequent extreme events. Ethiopia requires special attention. Already facing a food security emergency, troubling persistent dryness has been observed in some areas, associated with a positive trend in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures. Increased African capacity for rainfall observation, forecasting, data management and modelling applications is urgently needed. Managing climate change and increased climate variability require these fundamental technical capacities if creative coping strategies are to be devised.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2005.1754","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Verdin, J.P., Funk, C., Senay, G.B., and Choularton, R., 2005, Climate science and famine early warning: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 360, no. 1463, p. 2155-2168, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1754.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2155","endPage":"2168","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489831,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1569579","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1754"}],"volume":"360","issue":"1463","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f654e4b0c8380cd4c6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":414522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choularton, R.","contributorId":64444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choularton","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029439,"text":"70029439 - 2005 - Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:51:29.484583","indexId":"70029439","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","docAbstract":"Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety. Different species pose different levels of threat; thus, identification of the most hazardous species can help managers identify the level of hazard and prioritize mitigation efforts. Dolbeer et al. (2000) assessed the hazard posed by birds to civilian aircraft by analyzing data from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database to rank the hazardous species and species groups. A similar analysis has not been done for the military but would be useful and necessary. Military flight characteristics differ from those of civilian flights. During the period 1985–1998, birdstrikes cost the United States Air Force (USAF) an average of $35 million/year in damage. Using the USAF Birdstrike Database, we selected and evaluated each species or species group by the number of strikes recorded in each of 3 damage categories. We weighted damage categories to reflect extent and cost of damage. The USAF Birdstrike Database contained 25,519 records of wildlife strikes in the United States. During the period 1985–1998, 22 (mean = 1.6/year) Class-A birdstrikes (>$1,000,000 damage, loss of aircraft, loss of life, or permanent total disability) were sustained, accounting for 80% of total monetary losses caused by birds. Vultures (Cathartes aura, Coragyps atratus, Caracara cheriway) were ranked the most hazardous species group (Hazard Index Rank [HIR] = 127) to USAF aircraft, followed by geese (Branta canadensis, Chen caerulescens, HIR = 76), pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P. occidentalis, HIR = 47), and buteos (Buteo sp., HIR = 30). Of the smaller flocking birds, blackbirds and starlings (mostly Agelaius phoeniceus, Euphagus cyanocephalus, Molothrus ater, Sturnus vulgaris, HIR = 46), horned larks (Eremophila alpestris, HIR = 24), and swallows (Families Hirundinidae, Apodidae, HIR = 23) were species groups ranked highest. Coupling these results with local bird census data to adjust hazard rank indices to specific locations can facilitate hazard management and lead to meaningful reductions in hazards and costs associated with birdstrikes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zakrajsek, E.J., and Bissonette, J.A., 2005, Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 258-264, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94b0e4b0c8380cd8156a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zakrajsek, E. J.","contributorId":94850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zakrajsek","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027569,"text":"70027569 - 2005 - Incorporating uncertainty in watershed management decision-making: A mercury TMDL case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027569","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Incorporating uncertainty in watershed management decision-making: A mercury TMDL case study","docAbstract":"Water quality impairment due to high mercury fish tissue concentrations and high mercury aqueous concentrations is a widespread problem in several sub-watersheds that are major sources of mercury to the San Francisco Bay. Several mercury Total Maximum Daily Load regulations are currently being developed to address this problem. Decisions about control strategies are being made despite very large uncertainties about current mercury loading behavior, relationships between total mercury loading and methyl mercury formation, and relationships between potential controls and mercury fish tissue levels. To deal with the issues of very large uncertainties, data limitations, knowledge gaps, and very limited State agency resources, this work proposes a decision analytical alternative for mercury TMDL decision support. The proposed probabilistic decision model is Bayesian in nature and is fully compatible with a \"learning while doing\" adaptive management approach. Strategy evaluation, sensitivity analysis, and information collection prioritization are examples of analyses that can be performed using this approach.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Labiosa, W., Leckie, J., Shachter, R., Freyberg, D., and Rytuba, J., 2005, Incorporating uncertainty in watershed management decision-making: A mercury TMDL case study, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 1469-1479.","startPage":"1469","endPage":"1479","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ebe4b0c8380cd61aa6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536619,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Labiosa, W.","contributorId":29200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leckie, J.","contributorId":105521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shachter, R.","contributorId":10988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shachter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freyberg, D.","contributorId":96079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freyberg","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rytuba, J.","contributorId":70180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}