In Fiscal Year 2006 (FY06), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) continued research vital to U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) science and management needs and associated USGS programmatic goals. FORT work also supported the science needs of other governmental departments and agencies as well as private cooperators. Specifically, FORT scientific research and technical assistance focused on client and partner agency needs and goals in the areas of biological information management, fisheries and aquatic systems, invasive species, status and trends of biological resources, terrestrial ecosystems, and wildlife resources. Highlights of FORT project accomplishments are described below under the USGS science program area with which each task is most closely associated.2 The work of FORT’s five branches (in 2006: Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications, Ecosystem Dynamics, Invasive Species Science, Policy Analysis and Science Assistance, and Species and Habitats of Federal Interest) often involves major partnerships with other agencies or cooperation with other USGS disciplines (Geology, Geography, Water Resources).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071154","usgsCitation":"2007, Fort Collins Science Center: 2006 Accomplishments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1154, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071154.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071154.PNG"},{"id":320211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ee4b07f02db50c7fa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilson, Juliette T.","contributorId":15299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Juliette T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749933,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030788,"text":"70030788 - 2007 - Multiple-methods investigation of recharge at a humid-region fractured rock site, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T12:25:02.159277","indexId":"70030788","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-methods investigation of recharge at a humid-region fractured rock site, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"Lysimeter-percolate and well-hydrograph analyses were combined to evaluate recharge for the Masser Recharge Site (central Pennsylvania, USA). In humid regions, aquifer recharge through an unconfined low-porosity fractured-rock aquifer can cause large magnitude water-table fluctuations over short time scales. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface porous media control the magnitude and timing of these fluctuations. Data from multiple sets of lysimeters at the site show a highly seasonal pattern of percolate and exhibit variability due to both installation factors and hydraulic property heterogeneity. Individual event analysis of well hydrograph data reveals the primary influences on water-table response, namely rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and initial water-table depth. Spatial and seasonal variability in well response is also evident. A new approach for calculating recharge from continuous water-table elevation records using a master recession curve (MRC) is demonstrated. The recharge estimated by the MRC approach when assuming a constant specific yield is seasonal to a lesser degree than the recharge estimate resulting from the lysimeter analysis. Partial reconciliation of the two recharge estimates is achieved by considering a conceptual model of flow processes in the highly-heterogeneous underlying fractured porous medium.
This work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioavailability to clams (Macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. Sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. Bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between carbon dose and carbon particle size on observed reductions in clam biological uptake of PCBs. Extraction and cleanup protocols were developed for the clam tissue. Efficacy of activated carbon treatment was found to increase with both increasing carbon dose and decreasing carbon particle size. Average reductions in bioaccumulation of 22, 64, and 84% relative to untreated Hunters Point sediment were observed for carbon amendments of 0.34, 1.7, and 3.4%, respectively. Average bioaccumulation reductions of 41, 73, and 89% were observed for amendments (dose = 1.7% dry wt) with carbon particles of 180 to 250, 75 to 180, and 25 to 75 μm, respectively, in diameter, indicating kinetic phenomena in these tests. Additionally, a biodynamic model quantifying clam PCB uptake from water and sediment as well as loss through elimination provided a good fit of experimental data. Model predictions suggest that the sediment ingestion route contributed 80 to 95% of the PCB burdens in the clams.
A review of published research on unpaved road effects on surface-water and shallow ground-water hydrology was undertaken to assist the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, in understanding factors potentially influencing refuge ecology. Few studies were found that addressed hydrological effects of roads on a comparable area of shallow slope in a semiarid region. No study dealt with road effects on surface- and ground-water supplies to ephemeral wetlands, which on the refuge are sustained by seasonal snowmelt in neighboring mountains. Road surfaces increase runoff, reduce infiltration, and serve as a sediment source. Roadbeds can interfere with normal surface- and ground-water flows and thereby influence the quantity, timing, and duration of water movement both across landscapes and through the soil. Hydrologic effects can be localized near the road as well as widespread and distant. The number, arrangement, and effectiveness of road-drainage structures (culverts and other devices) largely determine the level of hydrologic alteration produced by a road. Undesirable changes to natural hydrologic patterns can be minimized by considering potential impacts during road design, construction, and maintenance. Road removal as a means to restore desirable hydrologic conditions to landscapes adversely affected by roads has yet to be rigorously evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2007, Road impacts on the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, with emphasis on effects to surface- and shallow ground-water hydrology - A literature review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1052, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071052.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071052.PNG"},{"id":320218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029704,"text":"70029704 - 2007 - Return to the wild: Translocation as a tool in conservation of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T13:24:18","indexId":"70029704","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Return to the wild: Translocation as a tool in conservation of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)","docAbstract":"Translocation could be used as a tool in conservation of the threatened Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) by moving individuals from harm's way and into areas where they could contribute to conservation of the species. Numerous factors may affect the success of translocations, including the conditions experienced by tortoises in holding facilities while awaiting translocation. The tortoises available for our translocation study had been provided supplemental water during their years spent in a captive holding facility, potentially inducing carelessness in water conservation. In addition to generally investigating the efficacy of translocation, we compared the effects of continuing with the effects of ceasing the holding facility's water supplementation regimen. After exposure to one of the two water regimens, all tortoises were given the opportunity to hydrate immediately prior to release. We examined behavior, body mass, carapace length, movement, and mortality of tortoises for two activity seasons following release to the wild. Water supplementation was correlated with high rates of carapace growth and distant movements by males after release. Lengthy movements following translocation may be problematic for conservation planning, but this should be evaluated in light of the goals and circumstances of each translocation project. Although the mortality rate was 21.4% in 1997, data suggest that drought conditions at the site rather than the translocation itself negatively affected the tortoises. None of the tortoises died during their second season at the site. Our results indicate that translocation should be considered a useful tool in conservation of the Desert Tortoise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Field, K., Tracy, C., Medica, P., Marlow, R., and Corn, P., 2007, Return to the wild: Translocation as a tool in conservation of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 232-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave 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\"}}]}","volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac2de4b0c8380cd86bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, K.J.","contributorId":30451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, 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stability","docAbstract":"Increased urbanization results in a larger percentage of connected impervious areas and can contribute large quantities of stormwater runoff and significant quantities of debris and pollutants (e.g., litter, oils, microorganisms, sediments, nutrients, organic matter, and heavy metals) to receiving waters. To improve water quality in urban and suburban areas, watershed managers often incorporate best management practices (BMPs) to reduce the quantity of runoff as well as to minimize pollutants and other stressors contained in stormwater runoff. It is well known that land-use practices directly impact urban streams. Stream flows in urbanized watersheds increase in magnitude as a function of impervious area and can result in degradation of the natural stream channel morphology affecting the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the stream. Stream bank erosion, which also increases with increased stream flows, can lead to bank instability, property loss, infrastructure damage, and increased sediment loading to the stream. Increased sediment loads may lead to water quality degradation downstream and have negative impacts on fish, benthic invertebrates, and other aquatic life. Accotink Creek is in the greater Chesapeake Bay and Potomac watersheds, which have strict sediment criteria. The USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and USGS (United States Geological Survey) are investigating the effectiveness of stream restoration techniques as a BMP to decrease sediment load and improve bank stability, biological integrity, and in-stream water quality in an impaired urban watershed in Fairfax, Virginia. This multi-year project continuously monitors turbidity, specific conductance, pH, and water temperature, as well as biological and chemical water quality parameters. In addition, physical parameters (e.g., pebble counts, longitudinal and cross sectional stream surveys) were measured to assess geomorphic changes associated with the restoration. Data from the pre-construction and initial post-construction phases are presented in this report. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)402","isbn":"0784408564; 9780784408568","usgsCitation":"Struck, S., Selvakumar, A., Hyer, K., and O’Connor, T., 2007, Evaluating the accotink creek restoration project for improving water quality, in-stream habitat, and bank stability, in Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006, Omaha, NE, 21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006, https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)402.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)402"},{"id":243478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf6e4b0c8380cd5297d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Struck, S.D.","contributorId":71786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struck","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selvakumar, A.","contributorId":84999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selvakumar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyer, K.","contributorId":71023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Connor, T.","contributorId":10630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029800,"text":"70029800 - 2007 - Issues, benefits, and problems associated with fishing tournaments in inland waters of the United States: A survey of fishery agency administrators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029800","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Issues, benefits, and problems associated with fishing tournaments in inland waters of the United States: A survey of fishery agency administrators","docAbstract":"A web-based survey was administered to state fisheries agency administrators in 2005 to assess and prioritize the impacts of tournament fishing on management of inland fishery resources. Surveys were completed by fishery administrators of 48 state agencies and the District of Columbia. Respondents rated tournaments as neither strongly benefiting nor adversely affecting fishery management. Benefits of tournaments to fishery management grouped into four factors (in order of decreasing impact) characterized as enhancing fishery management agency effectiveness, stimulating interest in fishing and fishery resources, measuring economic value, and collecting biological information. Adverse impacts grouped into six factors (in order of decreasing impact), characterized as resource crowding, user-group conflicts, costs of tournaments to fishery agencies, non-traditional uses of fisheries resources, fish introductions, and adverse affects on fish populations. Tournament issues and impacts generally did not differ regionally and suggested the effects of tournaments do not vary among different fisheries. Comparison with previous surveys indicates that the prevalence of some benefits and problems have changed since 1989. Social issues remained paramount problems, but biological impacts were considered a lesser problem. Agencies recognized that tournaments can benefit fisheries management efforts and angler recruitment. Future management of tournaments should consider a management team approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., and Hunt, K., 2007, Issues, benefits, and problems associated with fishing tournaments in inland waters of the United States: A survey of fishery agency administrators: Fisheries, v. 32, no. 5, p. 234-243.","startPage":"234","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fc8e4b0c8380cd64800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, K.M.","contributorId":34724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034279,"text":"70034279 - 2007 - Field evaluation of shallow-water acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034279","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field evaluation of shallow-water acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements","docAbstract":"In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Surface Water staff and USGS Water Science employees began testing the StreamPro, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) for shallow-water discharge measurements. Teledyne RD Instruments introduced the StreamPro in December of 2003. The StreamPro is designed to make a \"moving boat\" discharge measurement in streams with depths between 0.15 and 2 m. If the StreamPro works reliably in these conditions, it will allow for use of ADCPs in a greater number of streams than previously possible. Evaluation sites were chosen to test the StreamPro over a range of conditions. Simultaneous discharge measurements with mechanical and other acoustic meters, along with stable rating curves at established USGS streamflow-gaging stations, were used for comparisons. The StreamPro measurements ranged in mean velocity from 0.076 to 1.04 m/s and in discharge from 0.083 m 3/s to 43.4 m 3/s. Tests indicate that discharges measured with the StreamPro compare favorably to the discharges measured with the other meters when the mean channel velocity is greater than 0.25 m/s. When the mean channel velocity is less than 0.25 m/s, the StreamPro discharge measurements for individual transects have greater variability than those StreamPro measurements where the mean channel velocity is greater than 0.25 m/s. Despite this greater variation in individual transects, there is no indication that the StreamPro measured discharges (the mean discharge for all transects) are biased, provided that enough transects are used to determine the mean discharge. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)162","isbn":"0784408564; 9780784408568","usgsCitation":"Rehmel, M., 2007, Field evaluation of shallow-water acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements, in Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006, Omaha, NE, 21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006, https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)162.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)162"},{"id":244492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb5e4b0c8380cd539b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehmel, M.S.","contributorId":43148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehmel","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029747,"text":"70029747 - 2007 - Introduced species and abiotic factors affect longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T19:22:22.160183","indexId":"70029747","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduced species and abiotic factors affect longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We assessed longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed upstream from Boysen Reservoir, Wyoming and into the reservoir. Twenty-six species were found in the study area, and 12 of the species were believed to have been introduced since settlement by Europeans. Additions and losses of fish species occurred with downstream progression, especially the addition of introduced species. Introduced species increased from 25% of the total number of species in the upper-most river segment (31.5-35.3 km upstream from the reservoir), to 46% in the river segment immediately upstream from the reservoir, to 48% in the reservoir. The most abundant species in the riverine portion of the watershed was the introduced sand shiner (Notropis stramineus). The results suggest that cyprinid species introduced to the upstream watershed and Boysen Reservoir are influencing small fish assemblages upstream from the reservoir and may be impacting native fishes, particularly native cyprinids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2007.9665050","usgsCitation":"Lionberger, P., and Hubert, W., 2007, Introduced species and abiotic factors affect longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed, Wyoming: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2007.9665050.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Boysen Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 43.84245116699039\n ],\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 43.84245116699039\n ],\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 43.30119623257966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dd7e4b0c8380cd638a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lionberger, P.S.","contributorId":20161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029805,"text":"70029805 - 2007 - Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029805","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"A distributed energy-balance model was developed for simulating snowpack evolution and melt in rugged terrain. The model, which was applied to a 43-km2 watershed in the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA, used measured ambient data from nearby weather stations to drive energy-balance calculations and to constrain the model of Liston and Sturm [Liston, G.E., Sturm, M., 1998. A snow-transport model for complex terrain. Journal of Glaciology 44 (148), 498-516] for calculating the initial snowpack thickness. Simulated initial snow-water equivalent ranged between 1 cm and 385 cm w.e. (water equivalent) with high values concentrated on east-facing slopes below tall summits. An interpreted satellite image of the snowcover distribution on May 6, 1998, closely matched the simulated distribution with the greatest discrepancy occurring in the floor of the main trunk valley. Model simulations indicated that snowmelt commenced early in the melt season, but rapid meltout of snow cover did not occur until after the average energy balance of the entire watershed became positive about 45 days into the melt season. Meltout was fastest in the lower part of the watershed where warmer temperatures and tree cover enhanced the energy income of the underlying snow. An interpreted satellite image of the snowcover distribution on July 9, 1998 compared favorably with the simulated distribution, and melt curves for modeled canopy-covered cells mimicked the trends measured at nearby snow pillow stations. By the end of the simulation period (August 3), 28% of the watershed remained snow covered, most of which was concentrated in the highest parts of the watershed where initially thick accumulations had been shaded by surrounding summits. The results of this study provide further demonstration of the critical role that topography plays in the timing and magnitude of snowmelt from high mountain watersheds. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Letsinger, S., and Olyphant, G., 2007, Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 336, no. 1-2, p. 48-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012.","startPage":"48","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012"},{"id":240349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"336","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0254e4b0c8380cd4ffe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letsinger, S.L.","contributorId":50731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letsinger","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179468,"text":"70179468 - 2007 - Migration behavior and dispersal of adult spring Chinook salmon released into Lake Scanewa on the upper Cowlitz River during 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T13:22:05","indexId":"70179468","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Migration behavior and dispersal of adult spring Chinook salmon released into Lake Scanewa on the upper Cowlitz River during 2005","docAbstract":"During 2005, we conducted a radio-telemetry study to answer a number of basic questions about the migration behavior of adult Spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) released into the upper Cowlitz River watershed. We also conducted a pilot study of adult Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using radio-tags recovered from adult spring Chinook salmon. This data is included as an Appendix. Our study was designed to evaluate the dispersal of adult spring Chinook salmon to determine the proportion of the run 1) spawning in the Cispus River, 2) spawning in the Cowlitz River, 3) passing downstream through Cowlitz Falls Dam into Riffe Lake, and 4) remaining in Lake Scanewa. We also examined spatial patterns of movement in the study area and temporal patterns of fish movements. Last, we examined differences in migration behavior between hatchery and wild fish and male and female fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/70179468","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Kock, T.J., Kritter, M., and Rondorf, D.W., 2007, Migration behavior and dispersal of adult spring Chinook salmon released into Lake Scanewa on the upper Cowlitz River during 2005, xi., 38 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179468.","productDescription":"xi., 38 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cispus River, Cowlitz River, Lake Scanewa ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1617889404297,\n 46.465058843935566\n ],\n [\n -122.1030807495117,\n 46.48468311377803\n ],\n [\n -122.0357894897461,\n 46.510916559054614\n ],\n [\n -121.97914123535156,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 46.53477563383562\n ],\n [\n -121.95030212402344,\n 46.54091587805394\n ],\n [\n -121.88987731933594,\n 46.538554327832834\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 46.53524798496518\n ],\n [\n -121.80198669433592,\n 46.53335855579562\n ],\n [\n -121.79306030273438,\n 46.51965822835363\n ],\n [\n -121.84249877929688,\n 46.51776825684657\n ],\n [\n -121.93519592285156,\n 46.51257049623507\n ],\n [\n -121.99493408203125,\n 46.49082901981415\n ],\n [\n -122.0745849609375,\n 46.48042784896914\n ],\n [\n -122.02308654785156,\n 46.46907884898852\n ],\n [\n -121.98806762695311,\n 46.440222821219145\n ],\n [\n -121.90498352050781,\n 46.45394316729876\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 46.458673519829\n ],\n [\n -121.85142517089844,\n 46.449685498688495\n ],\n [\n -121.87065124511719,\n 46.43643728999595\n ],\n [\n -121.97982788085938,\n 46.41939914491198\n ],\n [\n -122.04986572265624,\n 46.44873930490745\n ],\n [\n -122.10273742675781,\n 46.46340346144679\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 46.45488927067795\n ],\n [\n -122.1617889404297,\n 46.465058843935566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc69ce4b0f5ce109fa96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kritter, M.A","contributorId":177850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kritter","given":"M.A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029810,"text":"70029810 - 2007 - Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T09:40:56","indexId":"70029810","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"The burbot Lota lota population in Lake Erie increased dramatically between 1995 and 2003, due mainly to control of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, which began in the late 1980s. We estimated total length- and weight-at-age at capture for burbot caught in annual gillnet surveys of eastern Lake Erie during August 1994–2003. Mean total length was generally greater for burbot age 4–9 years that were caught in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie. Similarly, mean weight was greater for burbot at ages 4 through 6 years in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters. Age-9 burbot caught in Ontario waters had greater mean weight and mean total length than did age-9 burbot caught in Pennsylvania waters. One possible explanation for greater length- and weight-at-age for New York burbot may be greater abundance of prey fishes, particularly rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus in New York waters. Total lengths at ages 4–10 years were generally greater for burbot caught in Lake Erie during 1994–2003 than those from published studies of other large lakes in North America that we considered, including for Lake Erie in 1946. The regional differences in size-at-age have important management ramifications, particularly because a commercial fishery targeting burbot has been considered for Ontario waters of Lake Erie.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., Madenjian, C., and Tost, J., 2007, Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 91-102, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4bde4b0e8fec6cdbc3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tost, J.","contributorId":71002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tost","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029813,"text":"70029813 - 2007 - Progress in the development of shallow-water mapping systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T10:14:12","indexId":"70029813","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress in the development of shallow-water mapping systems","docAbstract":"The USGS (US Geological Survey) Coastal and Marine Geology has deployed an advance autonomous shallow-draft robotic vehicle, Iris, for shallow-water mapping in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The vehicle incorporates a side scan sonar system, seismic-reflection profiler, single-beam echosounder, and global positioning system (GPS) navigation. It is equipped with an onboard microprocessor-based motor controller, delivering signals for speed and steering to hull-mounted brushless direct-current thrusters. An onboard motion sensor in the Sea Robotics vehicle control system enclosure has been integrated in the vehicle to measure the vehicle heave, pitch, roll, and heading. Three water-tight enclosures are mounted along the vehicle axis for the Edgetech computer and electronics system including the Sea Robotics computer, a control and wireless communications system, and a Thales ZXW real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS receiver. The vehicle has resulted in producing high-quality seismic reflection and side scan sonar data, which will help in developing the baseline oyster habitat maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Bergeron, E., Worley, C., and O'Brien, T., 2007, Progress in the development of shallow-water mapping systems: Sea Technology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 10-15.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8e6fe4b0c8380cd7f1c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergeron, E.","contributorId":94103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Brien, T.","contributorId":46767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029744,"text":"70029744 - 2007 - Restoration of wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx., in the lower Detroit River of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-29T10:22:14","indexId":"70029744","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx., in the lower Detroit River of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor","docAbstract":"American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana Michx.) is a valuable submersed aquatic plant that was negatively affected by pollution and urban runoff in the lower Detroit River for much of the 20th century. Following 25 years of water-pollution and urban-runoff abatement initiated in the early 1970s, we postulated that water clarity had increased and that this would allow restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, water clarity increased in the late 1980s due to water filtration and particulate removal by exotic dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis), which could contribute to potential wildcelery restoration. We sampled wildcelery in 1996–97 and compared these data to wildcelery data from 1950–51 and 1984–85. Over the 48-year period of comparison, areal density of wildcelery tubers decreased 72% (from 51.2 million to 14.4 million tubers) between 1950–51 and 1984–85 then increased 251% (from14.4 million to 50.5 million tubers) between 1984–85 and 1996–97. As a result, overall areal abundance was about the same in 1950–51 as in fall 1996–97. However, tuber densities in spring 1996 were similar to historical low abundances in springs of 1984–85. Then between spring and fall 1996, tuber densities increased 333% and remained relatively abundant through October 1997 indicating the beginning of the restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, we believe further reductions of turbidity through continued pollution-abatement programs and water filtration by dreissenid mussels combined with habitat protection and active management of wildcelery will contribute even further to the restoration of wildcelery in the Detroit River in the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[8:ROWVAM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Manny, B., 2007, Restoration of wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx., in the lower Detroit River of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 8-19, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[8:ROWVAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[8:ROWVAM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaad4e4b0c8380cd86560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, B.A. 0000-0002-4074-9329","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":6000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029808,"text":"70029808 - 2007 - State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T10:07:16","indexId":"70029808","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds","docAbstract":"We sampled 100 unpolluted, old-growth forested watersheds, divided among 13 separate study areas over 5 years in temperate southern Chile and Argentina, to evaluate relationships among dominant soil-forming state factors and dissolved carbon and nitrogen concentrations in watershed streams. These watersheds provide a unique opportunity to examine broad-scale controls over carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry in the absence of significant human disturbance from chronic N deposition and land use change. Variations in the ratio dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to nitrogen (DON) in watershed streams differed by underlying soil parent material, with average C:N = 29 for watersheds underlain by volcanic ash and basalt versus C:N = 73 for sedimentary and metamorphic parent materials, consistent with stronger adsorption of low C:N hydrophobic materials by amorphous clays commonly associated with volcanic ash and basalt weathering. Mean annual precipitation was related positively to variations in both DOC (range: 0.2-9.7 mg C/L) and DON (range: 0.008-0.135 mg N/L) across study areas, suggesting that variations in water volume and concentration may act synergistically to influence C and N losses across dry to wet gradients in these forest ecosystems. Dominance of vegetation by broadleaf versus coniferous trees had negligible effects on organic C and N concentrations in comparison to abiotic factors. We conclude that precipitation volume and soil parent material are important controls over chemical losses of dissolved organic C and N from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds. Our results raise the possibility that biotic imprints on watershed C and N losses may be less pronounced in naturally N-poor forests than in areas impacted by land use change and chronic N deposition. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000276","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Hedin, L.O., 2007, State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000276.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212862,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000276"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c8e4b08c986b31b6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029743,"text":"70029743 - 2007 - Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T10:13:58","indexId":"70029743","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?","docAbstract":"Deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) were abundant in Lake Ontario in the 1920s and at least common into the 1940s. By the 1960s they were rare and, thereafter, some considered the population extirpated even though a synoptic survey of the lake in 1972 produced three, relatively large (148–165 mm total length, TL), and presumably old, specimens from the northern half of the lake. Deepwater sculpin were absent from annual survey catches in the 1980s and did not reappear until 1996, when three were caught in northern Lake Ontario. Isolated collections of deepwater sculpin continued during 1998–2004. Catches during 1996–2004 included five smaller individuals, 89–118 mm TL. In 2005, catches increased sharply, with 18 deepwater sculpin collected from southern waters and one from northern waters. Moreover, young, small sculpin were dominant in 2005—16 of the 19 sculpins averaged 68 ± 12 mm total length (± 1 s.d.). The young fish observed since 1996 could have originated from reproduction by the small in-lake population, from downstream drift of planktonic larvae from Lake Huron, or both. The presence of juveniles is a clear sign that conditions for survival of young deepwater sculpin are becoming more favorable, perhaps because of reduced abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a pelagic planktivore linked to depression of deepwater sculpin in Lake Michigan, and also low abundances of burbot (Lota lota) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), benthic piscivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B., O'Gorman, R., Walsh, M.G., Casselman, J., Hoyle, J., Keir, M., and Lantry, J., 2007, Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 34-45, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95b3e4b0c8380cd81bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lantry, B.F.","contributorId":19105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, M. G.","contributorId":72172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casselman, J.M.","contributorId":35278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casselman","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyle, J.A.","contributorId":23903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keir, M.J.","contributorId":26518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keir","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantry, J.R.","contributorId":20972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029740,"text":"70029740 - 2007 - Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T11:33:46.512511","indexId":"70029740","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Transport and chemical transformations of dissolved and colloidal Al, Fe, Cu and Zn were studied by detailed sampling in the mixing zone downstream from the confluence of Cement Creek (pH 4.1) with the Animas River (pH 7.6). Complete mixing resulted in circumneutral pH in the downstream reach of the 1300 m study area. All four metals were transported through this mixing zone without significant losses to the streambed, and they exhibited transformations from dissolved to colloidal forms to varying degrees during the mixing process. Nearly all of the Al formed colloidal hydrous Al oxides (HAO) as pH increased (4.8–6.5), whereas colloidal hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) were supplied by Cement Creek as well as formed in the mixing zone primarily at higher pH (>6.5). The short travel time through the mixing zone (approx. 40 min) and pH limited the formation of HFO from dissolved Fe2+ supplied by Cement Creek. Although the proportions of HAO and HFO varied as the streams mixed, the colloidal sorbent typically was enriched in HAO relative to HFO by a factor of 1.5–2.1 (by mole) in the pH range where dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn was observed. Model simulations of sorption by HFO (alone) greatly underestimated the dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Zn. Previous studies have shown that HAO–HFO mixtures can sorb greater amounts of Zn than HFO alone, but the high Zn-to-sorbent ratio in this mixing zone could also account for greater partitioning. In contrast to Zn, comparisons with model simulations did not show that Cu sorption was greater than that for HFO alone, and also indicated that sorption was possibly less than what would be expected for a non-interactive mixture of these two sorbents. These field results for Cu, however, might be influenced by (organic) complexation or other factors in this natural system. Laboratory mixing experiments using natural source waters (upstream of the confluence) showed that the presence of HFO in the mixed sorbent resulted in greater Cu partitioning than for HAO alone, and that the effect was greater with increasing (mole fraction) HFO. This was consistent with field results that showed greater Cu sorption when additional HFO was formed in the downstream reach of the mixing zone. Further research is needed to identify the significance of surface-related mechanisms specific to HAO–HFO mixtures that could affect the partitioning of Cu in natural systems.
This review article describes vectors for nitrogen and phosphorus delivery to riparian zones in semiarid African savannas, the processing of nutrients in the riparian zone and the effect of disturbance on these processes. Semiarid savannas exhibit sharp seasonality, complex hillslope hydrology and high spatial heterogeneity, all of which ultimately impact nutrient fluxes between riparian, upland and aquatic environments. Our review shows that strong environmental drivers such as fire and herbivory enhance nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment transport to lower slope positions by shaping vegetative patterns. These vectors differ significantly from other arid and semiarid ecosystems, and from mesic ecosystems where the impact of fire and herbivory are less pronounced and less predictable. Also unique is the presence of sodic soils in certain hillslopes, which substantially alters hydrological flowpaths and may act as a trap where nitrogen is immobilized while sediment and phosphorus transport is enhanced. Nutrients and sediments are also deposited in the riparian zone during seasonal, intermittent floods while, during the dry season, subsurface movement of water from the stream into riparian soils and vegetation further enrich riparian zones with nutrients. As is found in mesic ecosystems, nutrients are immobilized in semiarid riparian corridors through microbial and plant uptake, whereas dissimilatory processes such as denitrification may be important where labile nitrogen and carbon are in adequate supply and physical conditions are suitable-such as in seeps, wallows created by animals, ephemeral wetlands and stream edges. Interaction between temporal hydrologic connectivity and spatial heterogeneity are disrupted by disturbances such as large floods and extended droughts, which may convert certain riparian patches from sinks to sources for nitrogen and phosphorus. In the face of increasing anthropogenic pressure, the scientific challenges are to provide a basic understanding of riparian biogeochemistry in semiarid African savannas to adequately address the temporal and spatial impact of disturbances, and to apply this knowledge to better regional land and water management. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach applied in protected as well as human-disturbed ecosystems in southern Africa is essential for underpinning a strong environmental basis for sustainable human-related expansion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-007-9092-1","usgsCitation":"Jacobs, S.M., Bechtold, J., Biggs, H.C., Grimm, N.B., Lorentz, S., McClain, M., Naiman, R., Perakis, S., Pinay, G., and Scholes, M., 2007, Nutrient vectors and riparian processing: A review with special reference to African semiarid savanna ecosystems: Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1231-1249, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9092-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1249","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -15.820312499999988,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -19.335937499999986,\n 17.644022027872712\n ],\n [\n -15.468749999999986,\n 5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n -2.1093749999999862,\n 1.0546279422758869\n ],\n [\n 7.3828125,\n 2.4601811810210052\n ],\n [\n 11.6015625,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n 10.8984375,\n -19.31114335506464\n ],\n [\n 13.7109375,\n -27.371767300523032\n ],\n [\n 16.875,\n -34.30714385628803\n ],\n [\n 22.8515625,\n -36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n 52.03125,\n -27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n 51.328125,\n 2.8113711933311403\n ],\n [\n 51.67968749999999,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n 43.06640625,\n 12.554563528593656\n ],\n [\n 42.01171875,\n 15.623036831528264\n ],\n [\n 36.035156250000014,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n 33.046875000000014,\n 31.503629305773003\n ],\n [\n 21.445312500000014,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n 19.33593750000001,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n 10.371093750000012,\n 37.857507156252\n ],\n [\n -8.78906249999999,\n 35.17380831799956\n ],\n [\n -15.820312499999988,\n 26.43122806450644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69672b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobs, Shayne M.","contributorId":78701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Shayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bechtold, J.S.","contributorId":52141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bechtold","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggs, Harry C.","contributorId":37299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorentz, S.","contributorId":258282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorentz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McClain, M.E.","contributorId":80638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Naiman, R.J.","contributorId":14354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pinay, G.","contributorId":47754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinay","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scholes, M.C.","contributorId":105272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholes","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70032087,"text":"70032087 - 2007 - Effects of larval-juvenile treatment with perchlorate and co-treatment with thyroxine on zebrafish sex ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032087","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of larval-juvenile treatment with perchlorate and co-treatment with thyroxine on zebrafish sex ratios","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of larval-juvenile exposure to perchlorate, a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, on the establishment of gonadal sex ratios in zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to untreated water or water containing perchlorate at 100 or 250 ppm for a period of 30 days starting at 3 days postfertilization (dpf). Recovery treatments consisted of a combination of perchlorate and exogenous thyroxine (T4; 10 nM). Thyroid histology was assessed at the end of the treatment period (33 dpf), and gonadal histology and sex ratios were determined in fish that were allowed an additional 10-day period of growth in untreated water. As expected, exposure to perchlorate caused changes in thyroid histology consistent with hypothyroidism and these effects were reversed by co-treatment with exogenous T4. Perchlorate did not affect fish survival but co-treatment with T4 induced higher mortality. However, relative to the corresponding perchlorate concentration, co-treatment with T4 caused increased mortality only at a perchlorate concentration of 100 ppm. Perchlorate alone or in the presence of T4 suppressed body length at 43 dpf relative to control values. Perchlorate exposure skewed the sex ratio toward female in a concentration-dependent manner, and co-treatment with T4 not only blocked the feminizing effect of perchlorate but also overcompensated by skewing the sex ratio towards male. Moreover, co-treatment with T4 advanced the onset of spermatogenesis in males. There was no clear association between sex ratios and larval survival or growth. We conclude that endogenous thyroid hormone plays a role in the establishment of gonadal sex phenotype during early development in zebrafish. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.013","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Mukhi, S., Torres, L., and Patino, R., 2007, Effects of larval-juvenile treatment with perchlorate and co-treatment with thyroxine on zebrafish sex ratios: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 150, no. 3, p. 486-494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.013.","startPage":"486","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214782,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.013"},{"id":242533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a073de4b0c8380cd515fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukhi, S.","contributorId":83721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukhi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, L.","contributorId":28089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032179,"text":"70032179 - 2007 - Aquifer-scale controls on the distribution of nitrate and ammonium in ground water near La Pine, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:25:27.364711","indexId":"70032179","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer-scale controls on the distribution of nitrate and ammonium in ground water near La Pine, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Geochemical and isotopic tools were applied at aquifer, transect, and subtransect scales to provide a framework for understanding sources, transport, and fate of dissolved inorganic N in a sandy aquifer near La Pine, Oregon. NO3 is a common contaminant in shallow ground water in this area, whereas high concentrations of NH4-N (up to 39 mg/L) are present in deep ground water. N concentrations, N/Cl ratios, tracer-based apparent ground-water ages, N isotope data, and hydraulic gradients indicate that septic tank effluent is the primary source of NO3. N isotope data, N/Cl and N/C relations, 3H data, and hydraulic considerations point to a natural, sedimentary organic matter source for the high concentrations of NH4, and are inconsistent with an origin as septic tank N. Low recharge rates and flow velocities have largely restricted anthropogenic NO3 to isolated plumes within several meters of the water table. A variety of geochemical and isotopic data indicate that denitrification also affects NO3 gradients in the aquifer. Ground water in the La Pine aquifer evolves from oxic to increasingly reduced conditions. Suboxic conditions are achieved after about 15-30 y of transport below the water table. NO3 is denitrified near the oxic/suboxic boundary. Denitrification in the La Pine aquifer is characterized well at the aquifer scale with a redox boundary approach that inherently captures spatial variability in the distribution of electron donors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.013","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., Bohlke, J.K., Duff, J.H., Morgan, D.S., and Weick, R.J., 2007, Aquifer-scale controls on the distribution of nitrate and ammonium in ground water near La Pine, Oregon, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 333, no. 2-4, p. 486-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.013.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"La Pine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,43.5 ], [ -121.75,44 ], [ -121.33333333333333,44 ], [ -121.33333333333333,43.5 ], [ -121.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"333","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed25e4b0c8380cd4965e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weick, Rodney J.","contributorId":79560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weick","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032174,"text":"70032174 - 2007 - Denitrification in the shallow ground water of a tile-drained, agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032174","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the shallow ground water of a tile-drained, agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Nonpoint-source pollution of surface water by N is considered a major cause of hypoxia. Because Corn Belt watersheds have been identified as major sources of N in the Mississippi River basin, the fate and transport of N from midwestern agricultural watersheds have received considerable interest. The fate and transport of N in the shallow ground water of these watersheds still needs additional research. Our purpose was to estimate denitrification in the shallow ground water of a tile-drained, Corn Belt watershed with fine-grained soils. Over a 3-yr period, N was monitored in the surface and ground water of an agricultural watershed in central Illinois. A significant amount of N was transported past the tile drains and into shallow ground water. The ground water nitrate was isotopically heavier than tile drain nitrate, which can be explained by denitrification in the subsurface. Denitrifying bacteria were found at depths to 10 m throughout the watershed. Laboratory and push-pull tests showed that a significant fraction of nitrate could be denitrified rapidly. We estimated that the N denitrified in shallow ground water was equivalent to 0.3 to 6.4% of the applied N or 9 to 27% of N exported via surface water. These estimates varied by water year and peaked in a year of normal precipitation after 2 yr of below average precipitation. Three years of monitoring data indicate that shallow ground water in watersheds with fine-grained soils may be a significant N sink compared with N exported via surface water. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0096","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Mehnert, E., Hwang, H., Johnson, T., Sanford, R., Beaumont, W., and Holm, T., 2007, Denitrification in the shallow ground water of a tile-drained, agricultural watershed: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 1, p. 80-90, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0096.","startPage":"80","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0096"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9be4b0c8380cd4ee14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehnert, E.","contributorId":64830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanford, R.A.","contributorId":6722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beaumont, W.C.","contributorId":38026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaumont","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holm, T.R.","contributorId":98543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}