{"pageNumber":"968","pageRowStart":"24175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184635,"records":[{"id":70259475,"text":"70259475 - 2017 - Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T12:18:39.023992","indexId":"70259475","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-08T07:07:22","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives","docAbstract":"
Since persistent seismicity began in the Sierra Nevada adjacent to Long Valley caldera in 1978–1980, intracaldera unrest has been marked by (1) episodes of uplift totaling ~ 83 cm, centered on the middle Pleistocene resurgent dome, and (2) recurrent earthquake swarms along a 12-km-long segment of the caldera's ring-fault zone that is contiguous with both the dome and the Sierran seismogenic domain. Others have attributed the recent unrest to magmatic intrusion(s), but it is argued here that evidence for new magma is lacking and that ongoing uplift and ring-fault-zone seismicity are both promoted by ascent of aqueous fluid released by second boiling of the residue of the enormous Pleistocene rhyolitic reservoir terminally crystallizing at depths ≥ 10 km. For 2 Myr, eruptive vent clusters migrated southwestward from Glass Mountain to Mammoth Mountain. There has been no eruption on the resurgent dome since 500 ka, and since 230 ka volcanism has been restricted to the caldera's west moat and contiguous Sierran terrain, both outside the structural caldera. High-temperature hydrothermal activity in the central caldera waned after ~ 300 ka, cooling the Pleistocene rhyolitic focus to the extent that drilling on the resurgent dome found mid-caldera temperature to be only 100 °C and isothermal at depths of 2–3 km. Beneath most of the resurgent dome, there is little seismicity at any depth, no emission of magmatic CO2 or other magmatic gases, no elevated 3He/4He ratios, and only normal to below-normal heat flow. Most of the 75-km-long ring-fault zone is likewise aseismic, excepting only the 12-km segment contiguous with the extracaldera seismogenic domain in the Sierra. Since 1980, the Sierran seismicity has released 3.6 times more cumulative seismic energy than have intracaldera earthquakes. The caldera seismicity is not driven by stresses associated with the adjacent uplift but, instead, by the extracaldera tectonic stressfield. Sierran seismicity activated the directly contiguous south-moat segment of the ring-fault zone, which had originated in the caldera-forming eruption at 767 ka and everywhere else remains sealed. Hypocenter relocation studies of 1000s of earthquakes along the seismic segment have resolved recurrent upward-migrating swarms within networks of cryptic faults, apparently triggered by rapidly ascending pulses of high-pressure low-viscosity aqueous fluid. Entering the brittle crust at depths of 8–10 km, such fluid is just what should be expected from second boiling of the late-stage CO2-poor rhyolitic residue. The fluid provides the pressure source above the apex of the crystallizing caldera-wide pluton and then escapes laterally to the newly reactivated southern segment of the ring-fault zone, its only available permeable pathway, where it mediates the ongoing south-moat seismicity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.010","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, E., 2017, Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 341, p. 269-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.010.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-086850","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.26830600856346,\n 37.81669444697978\n ],\n [\n -119.26830600856346,\n 37.17009604481923\n ],\n [\n -118.19574211606135,\n 37.17009604481923\n ],\n [\n -118.19574211606135,\n 37.81669444697978\n ],\n [\n -119.26830600856346,\n 37.81669444697978\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"341","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Edward 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":146999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Edward","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232549,"text":"70232549 - 2017 - Building a state-space life cycle model for naturally produced Snake River fall Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T12:12:01.261898","indexId":"70232549","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T07:08:45","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"8","title":"Building a state-space life cycle model for naturally produced Snake River fall Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"In 1992, Snake River basin fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were listed for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (NMFS 1992) and the population remained below 1000 individuals until 2000. Since then, returns from natural production has rebounded to over 20,000 spawners owing to a host of factors including reduced harvest (Peters et al. 2001), stable minimum spawning flows (Groves and Chandler 1999), summer flow augmentation (Connor et al. 2003), predator control (Beamesderfer et al. 1996), hatchery supplementation (Rosenberger et al. 2017), improved juvenile passage structures (Adams et al.\n2014), summer spill operations (Perry et al. 2006; Adams et al. 2008), and periods of favorable ocean conditions and food availability (Logerwell et al. 2003; Peterson et al. 2014). Given this change in abundance coincident with numerous management actions and fluctuation in environmental drivers, quantifying which factors contributed to the observed rebound in natural \nproduction can provide critical insights into future management actions for this at-risk population.\n\nMultistage life cycle models provide a powerful analytical framework for understating how each life stage of a population contributes to population growth rate (Moussalli and Hilborn 1986; Greene and Beechie 2004). Multistage models may also be used as an analytical framework to explicitly estimate demographic parameters of a population model. This approach has an advantage over single-stage stock-recruitment models by allowing population growth rates to be partitioned among life stages rather than aggregated over an entire life cycle. Such partitioning allows for estimating 1) stage-specific density dependence, and 2) stage-specific effects of environmental factors or management actions. For example, Zabel et al. (2006) estimated parameters of a multistage model used in the context of a population viability analysis for spring/summer Chinook salmon in the Snake River, but such an approach has yet to be applied to fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin.\n\nTypically, data informing estimates of abundance at particular “check points” in the life cycle determines the complexity of the multistage model that can be fit to the data. For fall Chinook salmon, we are developing a two-stage model that encompasses: 1) upstream passage of spawners at Lower Granite Dam (LGR) to the subsequent downstream passage of their progeny at the dam, and 2) downstream passage of juveniles at LGR to their subsequent return from the ocean and passage at the Dam 2‒6 years later. This approach partitions the life cycle of fall Chinook salmon both spatially and temporally, which allows us to fit and compare alternative models with covariates specific to each stage. Our previous report to the ISAB (Zabel et al.\n2013) detailed methods for estimating abundance of naturally produced adults and juveniles passing Lower Granite Dam, which provides the requisite data for fitting a two-stage model.\n \nThe intent of this report is to describe the structure of the two-stage life cycle model, present preliminary results from fitting the model to data, and outline future directions and developments.\n\nAs is clear from the diversity of models presented in this report, “life cycle models” range from very simple theoretically based population models (e.g., the Beverton-Holt stock- recruitment model) to very complex spatially explicit simulation models linked to hydrosystem hydrodynamic models (e.g., the COMPASS model for a single transition in a life cycle model, Zabel et al. 2008). We chose to develop a model of intermediate complexity that casts the two- stage life cycle model in a state-space framework (Newman et al. 2014). We chose to use a state-space framework implemented in a Bayesian framework because:\n\n• It provides both a statistical estimation framework for retrospective statistical analysis and a stochastic simulation framework for prospective analysis to evaluate alternative management actions.\n• Abundance estimates are uncertain. A state-space framework accounts for observation uncertainty in the abundance estimates and other data (e.g., age structure) while simultaneously estimating process uncertainty.\n• It allows for missing data. By drawing missing data from an appropriate probability model, uncertainty owing to missing data can be propagated without having to omit data or assume fixed values for missing data.\n\nThus, a two-stage state-space life cycle model for fall Chinook salmon strikes an appropriate balance between model complexity, tractability, and applicability given the goals of performing both retrospective and prospective analysis to guide future management of this population.","language":"English","publisher":"Independent Scientific Advisory Board for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council","collaboration":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Plumb, J., Tiffan, K., Connor, W.P., Cooney, T.D., and Young, W., 2017, Building a state-space life cycle model for naturally produced Snake River fall Chinook salmon, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-087390","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403116,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwcouncil.org/reports/review-of-noaa-fisheries-interior-columbia-basin-life-cycle-modeling-draft-report/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 41.623655390686395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John 0000-0003-4255-1612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":223219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth 0000-0002-5831-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":217812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooney, Thomas D.","contributorId":138838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12540,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Conservation Biology Division, 525 Northeast Oregon Street, Portland, OR 97232","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, William","contributorId":138842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12542,"text":"Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Snake River Laboratory, 401 South Cottonwood St., Dayton WA 99328","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189274,"text":"70189274 - 2017 - Long-term video surveillance and automated analyses reveal arousal patterns in groups of hibernating bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T13:47:22","indexId":"70189274","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term video surveillance and automated analyses reveal arousal patterns in groups of hibernating bats","docAbstract":"
  1. Understanding natural behaviours is essential to determining how animals deal with new threats (e.g. emerging diseases). However, natural behaviours of animals with cryptic lifestyles, like hibernating bats, are often poorly characterized. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an unprecedented disease threatening multiple species of hibernating bats, and pathogen-induced changes to host behaviour may contribute to mortality. To better understand the behaviours of hibernating bats and how they might relate to WNS, we developed new ways of studying hibernation across entire seasons.
  2. We used thermal-imaging video surveillance cameras to observe little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and Indiana bats (M. sodalis) in two caves over multiple winters. We developed new, sharable software to test for autocorrelation and periodicity of arousal signals in recorded video.
  3. We processed 740 days (17,760 hr) of video at a rate of >1,000 hr of video imagery in less than 1 hr using a desktop computer with sufficient resolution to detect increases in arousals during midwinter in both species and clear signals of daily arousal periodicity in infected M. sodalis.
  4. Our unexpected finding of periodic synchronous group arousals in hibernating bats demonstrate the potential for video methods and suggest some bats may have innate behavioural strategies for coping with WNS. Surveillance video and accessible analysis software make it now practical to investigate long-term behaviours of hibernating bats and other hard-to-study animals.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12823","usgsCitation":"Hayman, D.T., Cryan, P.M., Fricker, P., and Dannemiller, N.G., 2017, Long-term video surveillance and automated analyses reveal arousal patterns in groups of hibernating bats: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1813-1821, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12823.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1821","ipdsId":"IP-080756","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469689,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75X27DH","text":"Long-term video surveillance and automated analyses of hibernating bats in Virginia and Indiana, winters 2011-2014"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db6e4b0d1f9f0594c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayman, David T. S. 0000-0003-0087-3015","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0087-3015","contributorId":194375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fricker, Paul D.","contributorId":14316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricker","given":"Paul D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dannemiller, Nicholas G. 0000-0003-3429-1881","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-1881","contributorId":194379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dannemiller","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189641,"text":"70189641 - 2017 - Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:21:08","indexId":"70189641","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications","docAbstract":"Mountains receive a greater proportion of precipitation than other environments, and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the world’s water supply. The Luquillo Mountains receive the highest rainfall on the island of Puerto Rico and serve as a critical source of water to surrounding communities. The area’s role as a long-term research site has generated numerous hydrological, ecological, and geological investigations that have been included in regional and global overviews that compare tropical forests to other ecosystems. Most of the forest- and watershed-wide estimates of precipitation (and evapotranspiration, as inferred by a water balance) have assumed that precipitation increases consistently with elevation. However, in this new analysis of all known current and historical rain gages in the region, we find that similar to other mountainous islands in the trade wind latitudes, leeward (western) watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains receive lower mean annual precipitation than windward (eastern) watersheds. Previous studies in the Luquillo Mountains have therefore overestimated precipitation in leeward watersheds by up to 40%. The Icacos watershed, however, despite being located at elevations 200–400 m below the tallest peaks and to the lee of the first major orographic barrier, receives some of the highest precipitation. Such lee-side enhancement has been observed in other island mountains of similar height and width, and may be caused by several mechanisms. Thus, the long-reported discrepancy of unrealistically low rates of evapotranspiration in the Icacos watershed is likely caused by previous underestimation of precipitation, perhaps by as much as 20%. Rainfall/runoff ratios in several previous studies suggested either runoff excess or runoff deficiency in Luquillo watersheds, but this analysis suggests that in fact they are similar to other tropical watersheds. Because the Luquillo Mountains often serve as a wet tropical archetype in global assessments of basic ecohydrological processes, these revised estimates are relevant to regional and global assessments of runoff efficiency, hydrologic effects of reforestation, geomorphic processes, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One ","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0180987","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., Stallard, R.F., Scholl, M.A., Gonzalez, G., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 2017, Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 7, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180987.","productDescription":"26 p. 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Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":194872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, Angel J. 0000-0002-5595-021X ajtorres@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-021X","contributorId":5623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"Angel","email":"ajtorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189270,"text":"70189270 - 2017 - Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T15:03:08.893532","indexId":"70189270","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","docAbstract":"

There are three extant sirenian species of the Trichechidae family and one living Dugongidae family member. Given their close ties to coastal and often urbanized habitats, sirenians are exposed to many types of anthropogenic activities that result in challenges to their well-being, poor health, and even death. In the wild, they are exposed to direct and indirect local pressures as well as subject to large-scale stressors such as global climate change acting on regions or entire genetic stocks. In captivity, they are subject to husbandry and management practices based on our collective knowledge, or in some cases lack thereof, of their needs and welfare. It is therefore reasonable to consider that their current imperiled status is very closely linked to our actions. In this chapter, we identify and define human interactions that may impact dugongs and manatees, including hunting, fisheries, boat interactions, negative interactions with man-made structures, disease and contaminants, and global climate change. We examine techniques used to investigate these impacts and the influence of sirenian biology and of changing human behaviors on potential outcomes. We examine how this differs for dugongs and manatees in the wild and for those held in captivity. Finally, we provide possible mitigation strategies and ways to assess the efforts we are making to improve the welfare of individuals and to conserve these species. This chapter identifies how the welfare of these species is intrinsically linked to the human interactions these animals experience, and how the nature of these interactions has changed with societal shifts. We proffer suggested ways to minimize negative impacts. Current knowledge should be used to minimize negative human interactions and impacts, to promote positive impacts, and to protect these animals for the future.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal welfare","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., and Flint, M., 2017, Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs), chap. of Marine mammal welfare, v. 17, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-075969","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Mark","contributorId":194368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189277,"text":"70189277 - 2017 - Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T15:43:05.359179","indexId":"70189277","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data","docAbstract":"

Complete and accurate burned area data are needed to document patterns of fires, to quantify relationships between the patterns and drivers of fire occurrence, and to assess the impacts of fires on human and natural systems. Unfortunately, in many areas existing fire occurrence datasets are known to be incomplete. Consequently, the need to systematically collect burned area information has been recognized by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which have both called for the production of essential climate variables (ECVs), including information about burned area. In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies burned areas in dense time-series of Landsat data to produce the Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) products. The algorithm uses gradient boosted regression models to generate burn probability surfaces using band values and spectral indices from individual Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference predictors. Burn classifications are generated from the burn probability surfaces using pixel-level thresholding in combination with a region growing process. The algorithm can be applied anywhere Landsat and training data are available. For this study, BAECV products were generated for the conterminous United States from 1984 through 2015. These products consist of pixel-level burn probabilities for each Landsat scene, in addition to, annual composites including: the maximum burn probability and a burn classification. We compared the BAECV burn classification products to the existing Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED; 1997–2015) and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS; 1984–2013) data. We found that the BAECV products mapped 36% more burned area than the GFED and 116% more burned area than MTBS. Differences between the BAECV products and the GFED were especially high in the West and East where the BAECV products mapped 32% and 88% more burned area, respectively. However, the BAECV products found less burned area than the GFED in regions with frequent agricultural fires. Compared to the MTBS data, the BAECV products identified 31% more burned area in the West, 312% more in the Great Plains, and 233% more in the East. Most pixels in the MTBS data were detected by the BAECV, regardless of burn severity. The BAECV products document patterns of fire similar to those in the GFED but also showed patterns of fire that are not well characterized by the existing MTBS data. We anticipate the BAECV products will be useful to studies that seek to understand past patterns of fire occurrence, the drivers that created them, and the impacts fires have on natural and human systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027","usgsCitation":"Hawbaker, T., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.G., Takacs, J., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Brunner, N.M., Caldwell, M., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., and Dwyer, J.L., 2017, Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 198, p. 504-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"522","ipdsId":"IP-077532","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher 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49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"198","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db5e4b0d1f9f0594c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderhoof, Melanie K. 0000-0002-0101-5533 mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beal, Yen-Ju G. 0000-0002-5538-5687 ygbeal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-5687","contributorId":5328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beal","given":"Yen-Ju","email":"ygbeal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takacs, Joshua 0000-0003-1509-5498 jdtakacs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-5498","contributorId":194380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takacs","given":"Joshua","email":"jdtakacs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Gail L. 0000-0002-9684-8158 gschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-8158","contributorId":3475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gail","email":"gschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Falgout, Jeff T. 0000-0002-7108-477X jfalgout@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7108-477X","contributorId":4957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falgout","given":"Jeff","email":"jfalgout@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Brad 0000-0002-2827-6880 bradwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-6880","contributorId":194381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Brad","email":"bradwilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brunner, Nicole M. 0000-0001-9657-2860 nbrunner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-2860","contributorId":5323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunner","given":"Nicole","email":"nbrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caldwell, Megan K. 0000-0003-0759-2793","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-2793","contributorId":194382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stitt, Susan 0000-0002-0663-2696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-2696","contributorId":194383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70189271,"text":"70189271 - 2017 - Assessing welfare of individual sirenians in the wild and in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T15:02:43.441771","indexId":"70189271","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Assessing welfare of individual sirenians in the wild and in captivity","docAbstract":"

Assessing the welfare of wild populations of sirenians has required a “generalist” approach. The outcome has been a subjective decision as to whether what the observers are witnessing in an individual or group of animals is normal and whether that has positive or negative consequences. The understanding of sirenian welfare requirements, and a decision process for whether to support and maintain their natural habitats or to try to replicate it in a meaningful way in an artificial captive setting, is still in its early developmental stages and has dynamic qualities that are in need of urgent attention. In this chapter we use the knowledge and observations presented throughout the chapters on sirenians to outline a proposed standard approach for assessing welfare in individuals in wild populations, as well as guidelines for assessing captive groups of dugongs and manatees. In the wild, the suitability of the habitat and human impact on it, the limitations of carrying capacity, the dynamics of ecosystems, and the effects that the immediate environment will have on the known resident populations are examined. In captivity, we use the foundation of the Five Freedoms, based on experience derived from other captive species, and we combine this with experience from rehabilitating manatees in Europe and the United States and, more recently, dugongs in the Indo-Pacific, to identify requirements and to help us to assess the unique needs of these species when held in facilities. We present considerations and approaches to (1) holistically assess captive facilities and to assess the well-being of the individuals held in the facility, (2) derive a guideline for standard captive assessment, (3) determine if adequate welfare needs for the animals are being met, and (4) help to provide guidance on whether an animal is suitable for release after rehabilitation.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal welfare","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_21","usgsCitation":"Flint, M., and Bonde, R.K., 2017, Assessing welfare of individual sirenians in the wild and in captivity, chap. of Marine mammal welfare, v. 17, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","ipdsId":"IP-075970","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Mark","contributorId":194368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188672,"text":"ofr20171077 - 2017 - Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T15:59:11","indexId":"ofr20171077","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1077","title":"Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"

The Liberty Island Conservation Bank (LICB) is a tidal freshwater marsh restored for the purpose of mitigating adverse effects on sensitive fish populations elsewhere in the region. The LICB was completed in 2012 and is in the northern Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. The wetland vegetation at the LICB is stunted and yellow-green in color (chlorotic) compared to nearby wetlands. A study was done to investigate three potential causes of the stunted and chlorotic vegetation: (1) improper grading of the marsh plain, (2) pesticide contamination from agricultural and urban inputs upstream from the site, (3) nitrogen-deficient soil, or some combination of these. Water samples were collected from channels at five sites, and soil samples were collected from four wetlands, including the LICB, during the summer of 2015. Real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) elevation surveys were completed at the LICB and north Little Holland Tract, a closely situated natural marsh that has similar hydrodynamics as the LICB, but contains healthy marsh vegetation.

The results showed no significant differences in carbon or nitrogen content in the surface soils or in pesticides in water among the sites. The elevation survey indicated that the mean elevation of the LICB was about 26 centimeters higher than that of the north Little Holland Tract marsh. Because marsh plain elevation largely determines the hydroperiod of a marsh, these results indicated that the LICB has a hydroperiod that differs from that of neighboring north Little Holland Tract marsh. This difference in hydroperiod contributed to the lower stature and decreased vigor of wetland vegetation at the LICB. Although the LICB cannot be regraded without great expense, it could be possible to reduce the sharp angle of the marsh edge to facilitate deeper and more frequent tidal flooding along the marsh periphery. Establishing optimal elevations for restored wetlands is necessary for obtaining the full suite of ecosystem services provided by tidal wetlands. A better system of tidal benchmarks throughout the delta is needed to help restoration practitioners correctly grade the elevation of newly restored wetlands.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171077","usgsCitation":"Orlando, J.L., and Drexler, J.Z., 2017, Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1077, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171077.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075770","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1077/ofr20171077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1077"},{"id":343339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1077/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Liberty Island Conservation Bank, Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.15939647721454\n ],\n [\n -121.5427780151367,\n 38.15939647721454\n ],\n [\n -121.5427780151367,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.15939647721454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-07-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221 jorlando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":1368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James","email":"jorlando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200982,"text":"70200982 - 2017 - The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:46:43","indexId":"70200982","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T10:46:25","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"

A synthesis of field, biostratigraphic, detrital zircon geochronologic, and remote sensing data across north-central Nevada, United States, defines a thick, regionally extensive sheet of Middle–Upper Ordovician Valmy Formation quartzite that structurally overlies deformed early Paleozoic units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Late Paleozoic regional unconformities that record tectonic disruptions have been recognized in the foreland of central and eastern Nevada and locally within the Roberts Mountains allochthon; these identify multiple, regional tectonic events between the Devonian–Mississippian initiation of the Antler orogeny and the Permian–Triassic Sonoma orogeny. However, few studies have documented the regional kinematic history of the Robert Mountains allochthon sensu stricto. In the Independence Mountains of northern Nevada, emplacement of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is restricted to the Mississippian. In the Tuscarora Mountains, the range west and southwest of the Independence Mountains, several deformation events have been identified, and emplacement of the thrust sheet containing the Valmy Formation is restricted to the Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian. These structural and temporal relations, reflected in the Antler foreland basin adjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon and overlap sequences, suggest that the Roberts Mountains allochthon is a composite stratigraphic terrane assembled along the Cordilleran margin during two or more late Paleozoic contractional events.

Valmy Formation deposits likely represent the development of coalescing submarine fans below or within bypass channels in a deep slope or rise environment. Petrographic characteristics, biostratigraphy, and detrital zircon U-Pb age populations of the Valmy Formation link it to coeval slope and rise turbidites of the Vinini Formation and shelfal Eureka Quartzite; Valmy Formation detrital zircon age populations are dissimilar to the rift-to-drift facies of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Prospect Mountain Quartzite. Throughout north-central Nevada, the Valmy Formation is in fault contact with units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, including the Devonian–Mississippian Slaven Chert, Silurian–Devonian Elder Sandstone, and Cambrian(?)–Ordovician Vinini Formation, which were deformed prior to, or during, emplacement of the thrust sheet containing Valmy Formation quartzite. Our mapping and data synthesis, guided by regional quartz maps based on remote sensing (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ASTER]) data, delineate similar structural relationships discontinuously for >200 km along strike of the Roberts Mountains allochthon.

Exploration for concealed gold deposits within reach of drilling requires knowledge of the relative thicknesses of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the Valmy Formation. Overall thicknesses of deformed Roberts Mountains allochthon units between the Valmy Formation and underlying carbonate rocks, which host large, world-class Carlin-type gold deposits, vary by hundreds of meters, but are generally less than 700 m in three of the areas studied here. Recognition of windows through and klippen of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is essential for identification of areas where deposits may be at or near the surface. Correspondingly, most ongoing exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits subjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon targets concealed deposits. The model proposed in this study is applicable to determining depth to rocks prospective for undiscovered deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31491.1","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C.S., Hofstra, A.H., Rockwell, B., and Noble, P.J., 2017, The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 129, no. 11-12, p. 1521-1536, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31491.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1536","ipdsId":"IP-077542","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6ae4b045bfcae28010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":203924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Paula J.","contributorId":40455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189210,"text":"70189210 - 2017 - Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:11:57","indexId":"70189210","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","docAbstract":"

Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment-enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment-laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment-laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013689","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.P., Gomberg, J.S., Hautala, S., and Salmi, M., 2017, Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 6, p. 4584-4600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013689.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4584","endPage":"4600","ipdsId":"IP-076027","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hautala, Susan","contributorId":194235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hautala","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salmi, Marie","contributorId":194236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189263,"text":"70189263 - 2017 - A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T20:55:01","indexId":"70189263","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","docAbstract":"

Channel migration is the primary mechanism of floodplain turnover in meandering rivers and is essential to the persistence of riparian ecosystems. Channel migration is driven by river flows, but short-term records cannot disentangle the effects of land use, flow diversion, past floods, and climate change. We used three data sets to quantify nearly two centuries of channel migration on the Powder River in Montana. The most precise data set came from channel cross sections measured an average of 21 times from 1975 to 2014. We then extended spatial and temporal scales of analysis using aerial photographs (1939–2013) and by aging plains cottonwoods along transects (1830–2014). Migration rates calculated from overlapping periods across data sets mostly revealed cross-method consistency. Data set integration revealed that migration rates have declined since peaking at 5 m/year in the two decades after the extreme 1923 flood (3000 m3/s). Averaged over the duration of each data set, cross section channel migration occurred at 0.81 m/year, compared to 1.52 m/year for the medium-length air photo record and 1.62 m/year for the lengthy cottonwood record. Powder River peak annual flows decreased by 48% (201 vs. 104 m3/s) after the largest flood of the post-1930 gaged record (930 m3/s in 1978). Declining peak discharges led to a 53% reduction in channel width and a 29% increase in sinuosity over the 1939–2013 air photo record. Changes in planform geometry and reductions in channel migration make calculations of floodplain turnover rates dependent on the period of analysis. We found that the intensively studied last four decades do not represent the past two centuries

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","usgsCitation":"Schook, D.M., Rathburn, S.L., Friedman, J.M., and Wolf, J.M., 2017, A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections: Geomorphology, v. 293, no. Part A, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-087820","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"293","issue":"Part A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c32e4b0d1f9f057e2d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schook, Derek M.","contributorId":178325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schook","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Sara L.","contributorId":140606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, J. Marshall","contributorId":194350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marshall","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189211,"text":"70189211 - 2017 - Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-25T13:53:59","indexId":"70189211","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","docAbstract":"

The heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field is a fundamental property which influences earthquake dynamics and subsurface engineering. Self-similar scaling of stress heterogeneities is frequently assumed to explain characteristics of earthquakes such as the magnitude-frequency relation. However, observational evidence for such scaling of the stress field heterogeneity is scarce.

We analyze the local stress orientations using image logs of two closely spaced boreholes in the Coso Geothermal Field with sub-vertical and deviated trajectories, respectively, each spanning about 2 km in depth. Both the mean and the standard deviation of stress orientation indicators (borehole breakouts, drilling-induced fractures and petal-centerline fractures) determined from each borehole agree to the limit of the resolution of our method although measurements at specific depths may not. We find that the standard deviation in these boreholes strongly depends on the interval length analyzed, generally increasing up to a wellbore log length of about 600 m and constant for longer intervals. We find the same behavior in global data from the World Stress Map. This suggests that the standard deviation of stress indicators characterizes the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field rather than the quality of the stress measurement. A large standard deviation of a stress measurement might be an expression of strong crustal heterogeneity rather than of an unreliable stress determination. Robust characterization of stress heterogeneity requires logs that sample stress indicators along a representative sample volume of at least 1 km.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JB014370","usgsCitation":"Schoenball, M., and Davatzes, N.C., 2017, Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 8, p. 6737-6756, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014370.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6737","endPage":"6756","ipdsId":"IP-079145","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenball, Martin mschoenball@usgs.gov","contributorId":5760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenball","given":"Martin","email":"mschoenball@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189248,"text":"70189248 - 2017 - Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:36:41","indexId":"70189248","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","docAbstract":"

The size of the logic tree within the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3, Time-Dependent (UCERF3-TD) model can challenge risk analyses of large portfolios. An insurer or catastrophe risk modeler concerned with losses to a California portfolio might have to evaluate a portfolio 57,600 times to estimate risk in light of the hazard possibility space. Which branches of the logic tree matter most, and which can one ignore? We employed two model-order-reduction techniques to simplify the model. We sought a subset of parameters that must vary, and the specific fixed values for the remaining parameters, to produce approximately the same loss distribution as the original model. The techniques are (1) a tornado-diagram approach we employed previously for UCERF2, and (2) an apparently novel probabilistic sensitivity approach that seems better suited to functions of nominal random variables. The new approach produces a reduced-order model with only 60 of the original 57,600 leaves. One can use the results to reduce computational effort in loss analyses by orders of magnitude.

","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/092616EQS158M","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Field, E., and Milner, K.R., 2017, Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique: Earthquake Spectra, v. 33, no. 3, p. 857-874, https://doi.org/10.1193/092616EQS158M.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"874","ipdsId":"IP-086311","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c34e4b0d1f9f057e2e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":191074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189242,"text":"70189242 - 2017 - Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T12:36:03","indexId":"70189242","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography","docAbstract":"

Glacial chronologies provide insight into the evolution of paleo-landscapes, paleoclimate, topography, and the erosion processes that shape mountain ranges. In the Pamir of Central Asia, glacial morphologies and deposits indicate extensive past glaciations, whose timing and extent remain poorly constrained. Geomorphic data and 15 new 10Be exposure ages from moraine boulders and roches moutonnées in the southwestern Pamir document multiple Pleistocene glacial stages. The oldest exposure ages, \"View, underestimate the age of the earliest preserved glacial advance and imply that the modern relief of the southwestern Pamir (peaks at ∼5000–6000 m a.s.l.; valleys at ∼2000–3000 m a.s.l.) already existed in the late Middle Pleistocene. Younger exposure ages (∼40–80 ka, ∼30 ka) complement the existing Central Asian glacial chronology and reflect successively less extensive Late Pleistocene glaciations. The topography of the Pamir and the glacial chronologies suggest that, in the Middle Pleistocene, an ice cap or ice field occupied the eastern Pamir high-altitude plateau, whereas westward flowing valley glaciers incised the southwestern Pamir. Since the Late Pleistocene deglaciation, the rivers of the southwestern Pamir adjusted to the glacially shaped landscape. Localized rapid fluvial incision and drainage network reorganization reflect the transient nature of the deglaciated landscape.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.012","usgsCitation":"Stubner, K., Grin, E., Hidy, A.J., Schaller, M., Gold, R.D., Ratschbacher, L., and Ehlers, T., 2017, Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 466, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","ipdsId":"IP-083967","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1351141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"466","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c35e4b0d1f9f057e2ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubner, Konstanze","contributorId":194301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubner","given":"Konstanze","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grin, Elena","contributorId":194302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grin","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidy, Alan J.","contributorId":194303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hidy","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Mirjam","contributorId":194304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Mirjam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ratschbacher, Lothar","contributorId":194305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"Lothar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehlers, Todd","contributorId":194306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlers","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189241,"text":"70189241 - 2017 - Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T16:33:33","indexId":"70189241","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","docAbstract":"

To better understand the role of slab melt in the petrogenesis of North Cascades magmas, this study focuses on petrogenesis of high-Mg lavas from the two northernmost active volcanoes in Washington. High-Mg andesites (HMA) and basaltic andesites (HMBA) in the Cascade Arc have high Mg# [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)] relative to their SiO2 contents, elevated Nd/Yb, and are Ni- and Cr-enriched. The rock units examined here include the Tarn Plateau HMBA (51.8–54.0 wt% SiO2, Mg# 68–70) and Glacier Creek HMA (58.3–58.7 wt% SiO2, Mg# 63–64) from the Mount Baker Volcanic Field, and the Lightning Creek HMBA (54.8–54.6 SiO2, Mg# 69–73) from Glacier Peak. This study combines major and trace element compositions of minerals and whole rocks to test several petrogenetic hypotheses and to determine which, if any, are applicable to North Cascades HMA and HMBA. In the Tarn Plateau HMBA, rare earth element (REE) equilibrium liquids calculated from clinopyroxene compositions have high Nd/Yb that positively correlates with Mg#. This correlation suggests an origin similar to that proposed for Aleutian adakites, where intermediate, high Nd/Yb slab-derived melts interact with the overlying mantle to become Mg-rich, and subsequently mix with low Nd/Yb, mantle-derived mafic magmas with lower Mg#. In the Glacier Creek HMA, elevated whole-rock MgO and SiO2 contents resulted from accumulation of xenocrystic olivine and differentiation processes, respectively, but the cause of high Nd/Yb is less clear. However, high whole-rock Sr/P (fluid mobile/fluid immobile) values indicate a mantle source that was fluxed by an enriched, hydrous slab component, likely producing the observed high Nd/Yb REE signature. The Lightning Creek HMBA is a hybridized rock unit with at least three identifiable magmatic components, but only one of which has HMA characteristics. Cr and Mg contents in Cr-spinel and olivine pairs in this HMA component suggest that its source is a strongly depleted mantle, and high whole-rock Sr/P values indicate mantle melting that was induced through hydration, likely adding the component responsible for the observed high Nd/Yb REE pattern. The elevated SiO2 contents (54.6 wt%) of the HMA component resulted from differentiation or high degrees of partial melting of ultramafic material through the addition of H2O. Therefore the Lightning Creek HMBA is interpreted to have originated from a refractory mantle source that underwent melting through interaction with an enriched slab component. Our results indicate that in addition to slab-derived fluids, slab-derived melts also have an important role in the production of HMA and HMBA in the north Cascade Arc.

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2017-5756","usgsCitation":"Sas, M., DeBari, S., Clynne, M.A., and Rusk, B.G., 2017, Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc: American Mineralogist, v. 102, no. 5, p. 948-965, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5756.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"965","ipdsId":"IP-074407","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Cascade Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c35e4b0d1f9f057e2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sas, May","contributorId":194298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sas","given":"May","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBari, Susan","contributorId":194299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBari","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rusk, Brian G.","contributorId":23648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189187,"text":"70189187 - 2017 - Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:34:38","indexId":"70189187","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","docAbstract":"

Amount and diversity of bird-dispersed seed rain play important roles in determining forest composition, yet neither is easy to quantify. The complex ecological processes that influence seed movement make the best approach highly context specific. Although recent advances in seed rain theory emphasize quantifying source-specific seed shadows, many ecological questions can be addressed u sing a less mechanistic approach that requires fewer assumptions. Using seed rain rates from 0.38 m2 hoop traps sampled twice monthly over the course of a year, we show that number of traps required to identify changes in seed rain varies across seed species and forest type. Detecting a 50% increase in amount of seed rain required from 65 to >300 traps, while detecting a 200% increase generally required ≤⃒50 traps. Trap size and ecological context dictate the number of seeds found in each trap, but the coefficient of variation (CV) across traps in a given ecological context can help inform future studies about number of traps needed to detect change. To better understand factors influencing variation around estimates of seed rain, we simulated both clustered and evenly distributed patterns of fecal deposition using three different levels of seed aggregation (number of seeds in each fecal deposit). When patterns of fecal deposition were clustered, rather than evenly dispersed across the study area, they required >1.5 times the number of traps to identify a 100% increase in seed rain. Similarly, we found that low seed aggregation required >1.5 times the number of traps to detect a 100% change than when aggregation was medium or high. At low aggregations, fewer seed rain traps contained seeds (low, 33 ± 5%; medium, 23 ± 4%; high, 24 ± 5%), resulting in more variation across traps than medium and high aggregations. We also illustrate the importance of training observers to discern between morphologically similar seeds from different species and provide resources to help identify bird-dispersed seeds commonly found within midelevation mesic Hawaiian forests.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","doi":"10.2984/71.3.4","usgsCitation":"Rose, E., Stewart, M., Brinkman, A., Paxton, E., and Yelenik, S.G., 2017, Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest: Pacific Science, v. 71, no. 3, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.2984/71.3.4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-079989","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c38e4b0d1f9f057e308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Eli 0000-0003-0958-9491 etrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9491","contributorId":194190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli","email":"etrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Meredith","contributorId":194191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkman, Andrew","contributorId":194192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189188,"text":"70189188 - 2017 - Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:35:53","indexId":"70189188","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"

Prescribed fire is used to reverse invasion by woody vegetation on grasslands, but managers often are uncertain whether influences of shrub and tree reduction outweigh potential effects of fire on nest survival of grassland birds. During the 2001–2003 breeding seasons, we examined relationships of prescribed fire and woody vegetation to nest survival of clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) and Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) in mixed-grass prairie at Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern North Dakota, USA. We assessed relationships of nest survival to 1) recent fire history, in terms of number of breeding seasons (2, 3, or 4–5) since the last prescribed fire, and 2) prevalence of trees and tall (>1.5 m) shrubs in the landscape and of low (≤1.5 m) shrubs within 5 m of nests. Nest survival of both species exhibited distinct patterns related to age of the nest and day of year, but bore no relationship to fire history. Survival of clay-colored sparrow nests declined as the amount of trees and tall shrubs within 100 m increased, but we found no relationship to suggest nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) as an underlying mechanism. We found little evidence linking nest survival of Savannah sparrow to woody vegetation. Our results suggest that fire can be used to restore northern mixed-grass prairies without adversely affecting nest survival of ≥2 widespread passerine species. Survival of nests of clay-colored sparrow may increase when tall woody cover is reduced by fire. Our data lend support to the use of fire for reducing scattered patches of tall woody cover to enhance survival of nests of ≥1 grassland bird species in northern mixed-grass prairies, but further study is needed that incorporates experimental approaches and assessments of shorter term effects of fire on survival of nests of grassland passerines.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.780","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Shaffer, T.L., Grant, T.A., Derrig, J.L., Rubin, C.S., and Kerns, C.K., 2017, Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 3, p. 442-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.780.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"452","ipdsId":"IP-045948","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d19b29daa58a454f9da6891f214753d5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c37e4b0d1f9f057e303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":194194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derrig, James L.","contributorId":194193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derrig","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Cory S.","contributorId":194196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerns, Courtney K.","contributorId":194195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70188893,"text":"ds1055 - 2017 - Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T22:26:18.261745","indexId":"ds1055","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1055","title":"Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide","docAbstract":"

Evidence of Absence software (EoA) is a user-friendly software application for estimating bird and bat fatalities at wind farms and for designing search protocols. The software is particularly useful in addressing whether the number of fatalities is below a given threshold and what search parameters are needed to give assurance that thresholds were not exceeded. The software also includes tools (1) for estimating carcass persistence distributions and searcher efficiency parameters (\uD835\uDC5D and \uD835\uDC58) from field trials, (2) for projecting future mortality based on past monitoring data, and (3) for exploring the potential consequences of various choices in the design of long-term incidental take permits for protected species. The software was designed specifically for cases where tolerance for mortality is low and carcass counts are small or even 0, but the tools also may be used for mortality estimates when carcass counts are large.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dalthorp, Daniel, Huso, Manuela, and Dail, David, 2017, Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1055, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 109 p.; Additional Report Pieces","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086433","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343451,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/ds1055_eoa_csv-templates.zip","text":"CSV templates for data entry","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 CSV templates for data entry"},{"id":343762,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/software_revision_history.txt","text":"Evidence of Absence software revision history","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software revision history"},{"id":377775,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/r4_0_2/eoa_2.0.7.tar.gz","text":"Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R version >=4.0.2","size":"3.3 MB (tar.gz)","description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R version >=4.0.2"},{"id":377774,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/r4_0_2/eoa_2.0.7.zip","text":"Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R version >=4.0.2","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R version >=4.0.2"},{"id":343450,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/eoa_2.0.7.tar.gz","text":"Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3"},{"id":343449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/eoa_2.0.7.zip","text":"Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3"},{"id":343448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/ds1055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1055"},{"id":343447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343452,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0881/","text":"Data Series 881—Evidence of Absence Software (1.0)","description":"Evidence of Absence Software User Guide (1.0)"}],"contact":"

Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-07-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c38e4b0d1f9f057e30d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalthorp, Daniel 0000-0002-4815-6309 ddalthorp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-6309","contributorId":4902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalthorp","given":"Daniel","email":"ddalthorp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huso, Manuela M. 0000-0003-4687-6625 mhuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6625","contributorId":150012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huso","given":"Manuela","email":"mhuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dail, David","contributorId":193578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dail","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189018,"text":"sir20175022C - 2017 - Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189018,"text":"sir20175022C - 2017 - Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","indexId":"sir20175022C","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-27T12:28:33","indexId":"sir20175022C","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5022","chapter":"C","title":"Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are one of the most dangerous phenomena associated with explosive volcanism. To help constrain damage potential, a combination of field studies, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling are used to establish conditions that influence PDC dynamics and depositional processes, including runout distance. The objective of this field trip is to explore field relations that may constrain PDCs at the time of emplacement.

The PDC deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens are well exposed along the steep flanks (10–30° slopes) and across the pumice plain (5–12° slopes) as far as 8 km north of the volcano. The pumice plain deposits represent deposition from a series of concentrated PDCs and are primarily thick (3–12 m), massive, and poorly sorted. In contrast, the steep east-flank deposits are stratified to cross-stratified, suggesting deposition from PDCs where turbulence strongly influenced transport and depositional processes.

The PDCs that descended the west flank were largely nondepositional; they maintained a higher flow energy and carrying capacity than PDCs funneled through the main breach, as evidenced by the higher concentration of large blocks in their deposits. The PDC from the west flank collided with PDCs funneled through the breach at various points along the pumice plain. Evidence for flow collision will be explored and debated throughout the field trip.
Evidence for substrate erosion and entrainment is found (1) along the steep eastern flank of the volcano, which has a higher degree of rough, irregular topography relative to the west flanks where PDCs were likely nonerosive, (2) where PDCs encountered debris-avalanche hummocks across the pumice plain, and (3) where PDCs eroded and entrained material deposited by PDCs produced during earlier phases of the eruption. Two features interpreted as large-scale (tens of meters wide) levees and a large (~200 m wide) channel scour-and-fill feature provide the first evidence of self-channelization within PDCs sustained for minutes to tens of minutes (total volume of deposits is ~0.12 km3; area covered is ~15.5 km2; Rowley and others, 1981).

Our ability to interpret the deposits of PDCs is critical for understanding transport and depositional processes that control PDC dynamics. The results of extensive work on the May 18, 1980, PDC deposits show that slope and irregular topography strongly influence PDC flow path, dynamics, criticality (for example, supercritical versus subcritical), carrying capacity, and erosive capacity. However, the influence of these conditions on ultimate flow runout and damage potential warrants further exploration through the combination of field, experimental, and numerical approaches.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022C","usgsCitation":"Brand, B.D., Pollock, Nicholas, Sarocchi, Damiano, Dufek, Josef, and Clynne, M.A., 2017, Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–C, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022C.","productDescription":"ix, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075876","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/c/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/c/sir20175022c.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5022-C"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.1408312087306\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.1408312087306\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.1408312087306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-07-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaaae4b0d1f9f056a720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Brittany D. brittanybrand@boisestate.edu","contributorId":193853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Brittany","email":"brittanybrand@boisestate.edu","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Nicholas","contributorId":193854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33038,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarocchi, Damiano","contributorId":194000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarocchi","given":"Damiano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dufek, Josef","contributorId":194001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufek","given":"Josef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189157,"text":"70189157 - 2017 - Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T08:05:20","indexId":"70189157","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5451,"text":"NOAA Data Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui","docAbstract":"

The coastal and upslope terrains of West Maui have had a long history of impacts owing to more than a century of human activities. Resource extraction, agriculture, as well as residential and resort development have caused land-based pollution that impairs water quality and adversely impact the adjacent marine ecosystem. Today, West Maui’s coral reefs are chronically impacted by the effects of land-based pollution, mainly sedimentation and nutrients, with documented losses of 30 – 75% in coral cover over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, despite their current status and levels of environmental impact, these coral reef communities represent a key local resource and a counterpoint to the overall low coral reef development levels both island- and state-wide. This is of high relevance because the occurrence of coral-rich assemblages and accreted reef complexes statewide is sparse. Only limited segments along the coastlines of Maui, Hawai‘i, Lana‘i, Moloka‘i, and Kaho‘olawe, harbor mature, fringing coral reefs; and unfortunately, many of them are seriously threatened by terrestrial runoff.

This report describes the results of baseline assessment surveys of coral reef benthic structure, coral community demographics, and coral condition. These surveys are intended to provide benchmarks for continued monitoring efforts and provide a gauge for comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of management actions to reduce land-based sources of pollution in priority watersheds on West Maui. Within this context, 12 permanent, long-term monitoring sites were strategically established adjacent to the 7 primary stream drainages (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Mahinahina, Kahana/Ka‘opala, Honokeana, Honokahua, and Honolua) within the five priority watersheds (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Kahana, Honokahua, and Honolua). Herein, benthic cover and composition, coral demographics, and coral condition of the monitoring sites are described and contrasted in the “Benthic Characterization” and “Synthesis and Discussion” sections of this report.

The baseline assessments revealed that although some areas harbor prominent coral reef structures with high live coral cover and multispecies assemblages, others are characterized by sediment-impacted corals in impoverished and species-poor communities. Mean coral cover varied widely, from 49% at Wahikuli-shallow to 4.6% at Mahinahina-shallow. Similarly, coralline algal cover averaged 12.7% at Ka‘opala and Honokeana-north, but was altogether absent at the Mahinahina sites. Macroalgae was a minor component of the benthos across all study sites, representing only up to 2.3% at Mahinahina-south, while turf algae varied considerably, from 41% at Honokeana-north to 84% at the Honokahua site. Consequently, the Benthic Substrate Ratio (BSR) also varied considerably region wide, with the highest values (≥ 1), suggesting a healthier reef condition reported for the Wahikuli, Honokeana, and Honokōwai sites; and the lowest (≤ 0.5), suggesting impairment in structure and function, recorded at the Honolua and Honokahua sites. Adult colony densities were the highest at the Wahikuli (27 col/m2) but lowest at the Ka‘opala (7 col/m2 ) site. And, colony partial mortality peaked at the Ka‘opala (33%) and was the lowest at the Honokeana Bay (12%). Moreover, in-situ and derived estimates of water turbidity and sediment loading revealed that the Ka‘opala and Wahikuli stream sites ranked the highest for turbidity, whereas the Honokōwai and Ka‘opala sites ranked highest for sediment loading.

Chronic and episodic terrestrial sediment stress has resulted in coral reef community demise, clearly illustrated at the Honolua, Honokahua, and Ka‘opala sites, where coral benthic cover and colony abundances ranked the lowest and levels of turf algae ranked among the highest. Left unattended, land-based pollution impacts will continue to negatively affect the coral reef communities of West Maui. And, under the current turbidity and sediment loading conditions, the coral-rich habitats in the Wahikuli and Honōkowai Watersheds are probably at greatest risk, given they harbor the most prominent and well-developed reefs in the region, characterized by the highest coral cover, colony densities, and structural complexity.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi":"10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001","usgsCitation":"Vargas-Angel, B., White, D., Storlazzi, C.D., Callender, T., and Maurin, P., 2017, Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui: NOAA Data Report, ii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001.","productDescription":"ii, 45 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086300","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"West Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6379165649414,\n 21.024905354176795\n ],\n [\n -156.6767120361328,\n 21.06559896350614\n ],\n [\n -156.69422149658203,\n 21.052462872230283\n ],\n [\n -156.70211791992188,\n 21.040607355616125\n ],\n [\n -156.71207427978516,\n 21.024584887940854\n ],\n [\n -156.71825408935547,\n 21.016252524016362\n ],\n [\n -156.7306137084961,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -156.741943359375,\n 20.972980845527278\n ],\n [\n -156.75430297851562,\n 20.94957686478021\n ],\n [\n -156.76082611083984,\n 20.926169223379183\n ],\n [\n -156.76151275634766,\n 20.899871347076424\n ],\n [\n -156.75498962402344,\n 20.88190917234547\n ],\n [\n -156.68426513671875,\n 20.89858840588033\n ],\n [\n -156.6767120361328,\n 20.900833545774706\n ],\n [\n -156.66881561279297,\n 20.901795738302358\n ],\n [\n -156.65508270263672,\n 20.899229877849546\n ],\n [\n -156.64684295654297,\n 20.89826766886736\n ],\n [\n -156.63619995117185,\n 20.89826766886736\n ],\n [\n -156.6265869140625,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.6152572631836,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.60598754882812,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.59500122070312,\n 20.897626192784767\n ],\n [\n -156.59156799316406,\n 20.89313578342983\n ],\n [\n -156.58676147460938,\n 20.891211281151076\n ],\n [\n -156.58401489257812,\n 20.892815034763537\n ],\n [\n -156.58882141113278,\n 20.900833545774706\n ],\n [\n -156.58882141113278,\n 20.910134481692683\n ],\n [\n -156.59053802490234,\n 20.91622788558216\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 20.92520718725181\n ],\n [\n -156.5929412841797,\n 20.931941310423674\n ],\n [\n -156.59534454345703,\n 20.937713175055322\n ],\n [\n -156.59671783447263,\n 20.948294349058564\n ],\n [\n -156.5994644165039,\n 20.95566866435424\n ],\n [\n -156.60083770751953,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.60770416259766,\n 20.982597857722464\n ],\n [\n -156.6156005859375,\n 20.99734274071184\n ],\n [\n -156.62281036376953,\n 21.00631717395065\n ],\n [\n -156.62521362304688,\n 21.010804188178703\n ],\n [\n -156.63311004638672,\n 21.020098288303867\n ],\n [\n -156.6379165649414,\n 21.024905354176795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa9e4b0d1f9f056a71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vargas-Angel, Bernardo","contributorId":194121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas-Angel","given":"Bernardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Darla","contributorId":194122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Darla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callender, Tova","contributorId":148347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callender","given":"Tova","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17203,"text":"West Maui Watershed Partnership","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurin, Paulo","contributorId":194123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurin","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189174,"text":"70189174 - 2017 - Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-03T08:48:23","indexId":"70189174","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation","docAbstract":"

Gridded hourly precipitation observations over the conterminous U.S., from 1948 to 2002, are analyzed to determine climatological characteristics of storm precipitation totals. Despite generally lower hourly intensities, precipitation totals along the U.S. West Coast (USWC) are comparable to those in southeast U.S. (SEUS). Storm durations, more so than hourly intensities, strongly modulate precipitation-total variability over the USWC, where the correlation coefficients between storm durations and storm totals range from 0.7 to 0.9. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) contribute 30–50% of annual precipitation on the USWC and make such large contributions to extreme storms that 60–100% of the most extreme storms, i.e., storms with precipitation-total return intervals longer than 2 years, are associated with ARs. These extreme storm totals are more strongly tied to storm durations than to storm hourly or average intensities, emphasizing the importance of AR persistence to extreme storms on the USWC.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL074193","usgsCitation":"Lamjiri, M.A., Dettinger, M.D., Ralph, F.M., and Guan, B., 2017, Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 13, p. 7020-7028, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074193.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7020","endPage":"7028","ipdsId":"IP-086997","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074193","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guan, B.","contributorId":194170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189482,"text":"70189482 - 2017 - Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:10:48","indexId":"70189482","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","title":"Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","docAbstract":"This is the 17th supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made between April 15, 2016, and April 15, 2017, by the AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-17-72.1","usgsCitation":"Chesser, T., Burns, K., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J., Rising, J.D., Stotz, D.F., and Winker, K., 2017, Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds: The Auk, v. 134, no. 3, p. 751-773, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-17-72.1.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"751","endPage":"773","ipdsId":"IP-088606","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-17-72.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d828e4b0d1f9f060a178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesser, Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":177781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Kevin J","contributorId":145564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Kevin J","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cicero, Carla","contributorId":145565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicero","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunn, Jon L.","contributorId":145566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratter, Andrew W.","contributorId":145567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratter","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16151,"text":"Univ Fla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovette, Irby J.","contributorId":145573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovette","given":"Irby","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasmussen, Pamela C.","contributorId":145569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16153,"text":"Mich St Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rising, James D.","contributorId":145571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rising","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16155,"text":"Univ Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stotz, Douglas F.","contributorId":145572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stotz","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16156,"text":"FMNH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Winker, Kevin","contributorId":140814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winker","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13586,"text":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70189195,"text":"70189195 - 2017 - Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T17:31:19","indexId":"70189195","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years","docAbstract":"

The burial of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in the large river-influenced estuarine-coastal regions is affected by hydrodynamic sorting, diagenesis and human activities. Typically, the inner shelf region of the East China Sea is a major carbon sink of the Yangtze River-derived fine-grained sediments. Most of the previous work concentrated on the studies of surface sediments or used a single-proxy in this region. In this study, two cores from the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast were analyzed using bulk (TOC, TN and δ13CTOC) and molecular biomarker (n-alkane, brassicasterol, dinosterol and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) techniques to clarify the sources, spatiotemporal distribution and fate of SOM in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent shelf. Results from this study indicated that the effects of diagenesis and diffusion on different sedimentary biomarkers resulted in overestimation of the relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter (%OMterr), compared with those based on δ13CTOC. The amounts of terrestrial plant organic matter (OMplant) and%OMterr in sediments decreased offshore. In contrast, the amounts of marine organic matter (OMmarine) increased offshore, but closer to the Yangtze River mouth, the amounts of soil organic matter (OMsoil) increased. Moreover, the amounts of TOC, OMplant and OMmarine biomarkers increased, but OMsoil and%OMterrdecreased over time in recent decades. Our study suggests that spatial organic matter distribution patterns in marine shelf sediments were controlled primarily by hydrodynamic sorting and nutrient concentrations, and temporally diverse patterns were controlled predominantly by anthropogenic influence (e.g., dam construction and soil conservation, reclamation and agricultural plantations, anthropogenic nutrient input, dust storms, eutrophication, etc) and climate events (e.g., interdecadal climatic jump and heavy rain events) in the geological period.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.06.003","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Liu, J., Xing, L., Krauss, K.W., Wang, J., Xu, G., and Li, L., 2017, Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years: Organic Geochemistry, v. 111, p. 13-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.06.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-081183","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Zhejiang-Fujian Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 128,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 128,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 128,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa6e4b0d1f9f056a704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Li-lei","contributorId":194204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Li-lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Jian","contributorId":194205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xing, Lei","contributorId":194206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xing","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Jia-sheng","contributorId":194207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jia-sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Gang","contributorId":194208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":190439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189166,"text":"70189166 - 2017 - Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T07:41:43","indexId":"70189166","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","title":"Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","docAbstract":"

Measuring rates of acquisition of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, by the larval stage of Ixodes scapularis Say is a useful tool for xenodiagnoses of B. burgdorferi in vertebrate hosts. In the nymphal and adult stages of I. scapularis, the duration of attachment to hosts has been shown to predict both body engorgement during blood feeding and the timing of infection with B. burgdorferi. However, these relationships have not been established for the larval stage of I. scapularis. We sought to establish the relationship between body size during engorgement of larval I. scapularis placed on B. burgdorferi-infected, white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) and the presence or absence of infection in larvae sampled from hosts over time. Body size, time, and their interaction were the best predictors of larval infection with B. burgdorferi. We found that infected larvae showed significantly greater engorgement than uninfected larvae as early as 24 h after placement on a host. These findings may suggest that infection with B. burgdorferi affects the larval feeding process. Alternatively, larvae that engorge more rapidly on hosts may acquire infections faster. Knowledge of these relationships can be applied to improve effective xenodiagnosis of B. burgdorferi in white-footed mice. Further, these findings shed light on vector–pathogen–host interactions during an understudied part of the Lyme disease transmission cycle.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjx053","usgsCitation":"Couret, J., Dyer, M., Mather, T., Han, S., Tsao, J., LeBrun, R., and Ginsberg, H., 2017, Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1055-1060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx053.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1060","ipdsId":"IP-083413","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/141","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa8e4b0d1f9f056a714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Couret, Janelle","contributorId":194159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Couret","given":"Janelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, M.C.","contributorId":194160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyer","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, T.N.","contributorId":194161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mather","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, J.I.","contributorId":194162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeBrun, R.A.","contributorId":194163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBrun","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":147665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190549,"text":"70190549 - 2017 - Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T11:48:22.155273","indexId":"70190549","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3908,"text":"Royal Society Open Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","title":"Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","docAbstract":"

The spectral composition of ambient light varies across both space and time. Many species of jawed vertebrates adapt to this variation by tuning the sensitivity of their photoreceptors via the expression of CYP27C1, an enzyme that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2, thereby shifting the ratio of vitamin A1-based rhodopsin to red-shifted vitamin A2-based porphyropsin in the eye. Here, we show that the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless vertebrate that diverged from jawed vertebrates during the Cambrian period (approx. 500 Ma), dynamically shifts its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity via vitamin A1-to-A2 chromophore exchange as it transitions between photically divergent aquatic habitats. We further show that this shift correlates with high-level expression of the lamprey orthologue of CYP27C1, specifically in the retinal pigment epithelium as in jawed vertebrates. Our results suggest that the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism of sensory plasticity that appeared not long after the origin of vertebrates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsos.170362","usgsCitation":"Morshedian, A., Toomery, M.B., Pollock, G.E., Frederiksen, R., Enright, J., McCormick, S.D., Cornwall, M.C., Fain, G.L., and Corbo, J.C., 2017, Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity: Royal Society Open Science, v. 4, 170362, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170362.","productDescription":"170362, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084453","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10931e4b020cdf7d8d9ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morshedian, Ala","contributorId":196248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morshedian","given":"Ala","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toomery, Matthew B.","contributorId":196249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toomery","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Gabriel E.","contributorId":196250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederiksen, Rikard","contributorId":196251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Rikard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enright, Jennifer","contributorId":196252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enright","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cornwall, M. Carter","contributorId":196253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwall","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fain, Gordon L.","contributorId":196254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fain","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Corbo, Joseph C.","contributorId":196255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbo","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}