A suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (222Rn, 223,224,226,228Ra) were studied during wet and dry conditions in Tampa Bay, Florida, to evaluate their utility as groundwater discharge tracers, both within the bay proper and within the Alafia River/estuary — a prominent free-flowing river that empties into the bay. In Tampa Bay, almost 30% of the combined riverine inputs still remain ungauged. Consequently, groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange in the discharging coastal rivers, as well as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) within the bay, are still unresolved components of this system's water and material budgets.
\nBased on known inputs and sinks, there exists an excess of 226Ra in the water column of Tampa Bay, which can be evaluated in terms of a submarine groundwater contribution to the bay proper. Submarine groundwater discharge rates calculated using a mass balance of excess 226Ra ranged from 2.2 to 14.5 L m− 2 day− 1, depending on whether the estuarine residence time was calculated using 224Ra/xs228Ra isotope ratios, or whether a long term, averaged model-derived estuarine residence time was used. When extrapolated to the total shoreline length of the bay, such SGD rates ranged from 1.6 to 10.3 m3 m− 1 day− 1. Activities of 222Rn were also elevated in surface water and shallow groundwater of the bay, as well as in the Alafia River estuary, where upstream activities as high as 250 dpm L− 1 indicate enhanced groundwater/surface water exchange, facilitated by an active spring vent. From average nutrient concentrations of 39 shallow, brackish, groundwater samples, rates of nutrient loading into Tampa Bay by SGD rates were estimated, and these ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 × 105 mol day− 1 (PO43−), 0.9–6.2 × 105 mol day− 1 (SiO4−), 0.7–5.0 × 105 mol day− 1 (dissolved organic nitrogen, DON), and 0.2–1.4 × 106 mol day− 1 (total dissolved nitrogen, TDN). Such nutrient loading estimates, when compared to average river discharge estimates (e.g., TDN = 6.9 × 105 mol day− 1), suggest that SGD-derived nutrient fluxes to Tampa Bay are indeed important components to the overall nutrient economy of these coastal waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.08.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Reich, C., Kroeger, K., and Baskaran, M., 2007, Ra and Rn isotopes as natural tracers of submarine groundwater discharge in Tampa Bay, Florida: Marine Chemistry, v. 104, no. 1-2, p. 69-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.08.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 27.595934774495056\n ],\n [\n -82.320556640625,\n 27.595934774495056\n ],\n [\n -82.320556640625,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 27.595934774495056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9373e4b0c8380cd80e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, C.","contributorId":41787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032729,"text":"70032729 - 2007 - Heat transport in the Red Lake Bog, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:12:48","indexId":"70032729","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat transport in the Red Lake Bog, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands","docAbstract":"We report the results of an investigation on the processes controlling heat transport in peat under a large bog in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands. For 2 years, starting in July 1998, we recorded temperature at 12 depth intervals from 0 to 400 cm within a vertical peat profile at the crest of the bog at sub‐daily intervals. We also recorded air temperature 1 m above the peat surface. We calculate a peat thermal conductivity of 0·5 W m−1 °C−1 and model vertical heat transport through the peat using the SUTRA model. The model was calibrated to the first year of data, and then evaluated against the second year of collected heat data. The model results suggest that advective pore‐water flow is not necessary to transport heat within the peat profile and most of the heat is transferred by thermal conduction alone in these waterlogged soils. In the spring season, a zero‐curtain effect controls the transport of heat through shallow depths of the peat. Changes in local climate and the resulting changes in thermal transport still may cause non‐linear feedbacks in methane emissions related to the generation of methane deeper within the peat profile as regional temperatures increase.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6239","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, J., Siegel, D.I., Rosenberry, D.O., Glaser, P., and Voss, C.I., 2007, Heat transport in the Red Lake Bog, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 3, p. 369-378, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6239.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"378","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6239"},{"id":241530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.6667,\n 48.065232067568\n ],\n [\n -95.6667,\n 48.73083222613515\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 48.73083222613515\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 48.065232067568\n ],\n [\n -95.6667,\n 48.065232067568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3006e4b0c8380cd5d2e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, J.M.","contributorId":75759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glaser, P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032209,"text":"70032209 - 2007 - Effects of upland disturbance and instream restoration on hydrodynamics and ammonium uptake in headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032209","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of upland disturbance and instream restoration on hydrodynamics and ammonium uptake in headwater streams","docAbstract":"Delivery of water, sediments, nutrients, and organic matter to stream ecosystems is strongly influenced by the catchment of the stream and can be altered greatly by upland soil and vegetation disturbance. At the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia), spatial variability in intensity of military training results in a wide range of intensities of upland disturbance in stream catchments. A set of 8 streams in catchments spanning this upland disturbance gradient was selected for investigation of the impact of disturbance intensity on hydrodynamics and nutrient uptake. The size of transient storage zones and rates of NH4+ uptake in all study streams were among the lowest reported in the literature. Upland disturbance did not appear to influence stream hydrodynamics strongly, but it caused significant decreases in instream nutrient uptake. In October 2003, coarse woody debris (CWD) was added to 1/2 of the study streams (spanning the disturbance gradient) in an attempt to increase hydrodynamic and structural complexity, with the goals of enhancing biotic habitat and increasing nutrient uptake rates. CWD additions had positive short-term (within 1 mo) effects on hydrodynamic complexity (water velocity decreased and transient storage zone cross-sectional area, relative size of the transient storage zone, fraction of the median travel time attributable to transient storage over a standardized length of 200 m, and the hydraulic retention factor increased) and nutrient uptake (NH4+ uptake rates increased). Our results suggest that water quality in streams with intense upland disturbances can be improved by enhancing instream biotic nutrient uptake capacity through measures such as restoring stream CWD. ?? 2007 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[38:EOUDAI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Roberts, B., Mulholland, P.J., and Houser, J., 2007, Effects of upland disturbance and instream restoration on hydrodynamics and ammonium uptake in headwater streams: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 1, p. 38-53, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[38:EOUDAI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"38","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[38:EOUDAI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ce4b0c8380cd519a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, B.J.","contributorId":35144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032206,"text":"70032206 - 2007 - Relating low‐flow characteristics to the base flow recession time constant at partial record stream gauges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:03:15","indexId":"70032206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating low‐flow characteristics to the base flow recession time constant at partial record stream gauges","docAbstract":"Base flow recession information is helpful for regional estimation of low‐flow characteristics. However, analyses that exploit such information generally require a continuous record of streamflow at the estimation site to characterize base flow recession. Here we propose a simple method for characterizing base flow recession at low‐flow partial record stream gauges (i.e., sites with very few streamflow measurements under low‐streamflow conditions), and we use that characterization as the basis for a practical new approach to low‐flow regression. In a case study the introduction of a base flow recession time constant, estimated from a single pair of strategically timed streamflow measurements, approximately halves the root‐mean‐square estimation error relative to that of a conventional drainage area regression. Additional streamflow measurements can be used to reduce the error further.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005293","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., and Milly, P., 2007, Relating low‐flow characteristics to the base flow recession time constant at partial record stream gauges: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 1, Article W01201; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005293.","productDescription":"Article W01201; 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a626e4b0e8fec6cdc0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken 0000-0001-6838-5849 keng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5849","contributorId":3580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","email":"keng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032182,"text":"70032182 - 2007 - Variability of kokanee and rainbow trout food habits, distribution, and population dynamics, in an ultraoligotrophic lake with no manipulative management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T09:53:25","indexId":"70032182","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of kokanee and rainbow trout food habits, distribution, and population dynamics, in an ultraoligotrophic lake with no manipulative management","docAbstract":"Crater Lake is a unique environment to evaluate the ecology of introduced kokanee and rainbow trout because of its otherwise pristine state, low productivity, absence of manipulative management, and lack of lotic systems for fish spawning. Between 1986 and 2004, kokanee displayed a great deal of variation in population demographics with a pattern that reoccurred in about 10 years. We believe that the reoccurring pattern resulted from density dependent growth, and associated changes in reproduction and abundance, driven by prey resource limitation that resulted from low lake productivity exacerbated by prey consumption when kokanee were abundant. Kokanee fed primarily on small-bodied prey from the mid-water column; whereas rainbow trout fed on large-bodied prey from the benthos and lake surface. Cladoceran zooplankton abundance may be regulated by kokanee. And kokanee growth and reproductive success may be influenced by the availability of Daphnia pulicaria, which was absent in zooplankton samples collected annually from 1990 to 1995, and after 1999. Distribution and diel migration of kokanee varied over the duration of the study and appeared to be most closely associated with prey availability, maximization of bioenergetic efficiency, and fish density. Rainbow trout were less abundant than were kokanee and exhibited less variation in population demographics, distribution, and food habits. There is some evidence that the population dynamics of rainbow trout were in-part related to the availability of kokanee as prey. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0355-1","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Buktenica, M., Girdner, S., Larson, G., and McIntire, C.D., 2007, Variability of kokanee and rainbow trout food habits, distribution, and population dynamics, in an ultraoligotrophic lake with no manipulative management: Hydrobiologia, v. 574, no. 1, p. 235-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0355-1.","startPage":"235","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0355-1"}],"volume":"574","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc139e4b08c986b32a4b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Girdner, S.F.","contributorId":71773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girdner","given":"S.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032178,"text":"70032178 - 2007 - S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032178","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides","docAbstract":"Sulfide sulfur in mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal vents is derived from leaching of basaltic-sulfide and seawater-derived sulfate that is reduced during high temperature water rock interaction. Conventional sulfur isotope studies, however, are inconclusive about the mass-balance between the two sources because 34S/32S ratios of vent fluid H2S and chimney sulfide minerals may reflect not only the mixing ratio but also isotope exchange between sulfate and sulfide. Here, we show that high-precision analysis of S-33 can provide a unique constraint because isotope mixing and isotope exchange result in different ??33S (?????33S-0.515 ??34S) values of up to 0.04??? even if ??34S values are identical. Detection of such small ??33S differences is technically feasible by using the SF6 dual-inlet mass-spectrometry protocol that has been improved to achieve a precision as good as 0.006??? (2??). Sulfide minerals (marcasite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite) and vent H2S collected from four active seafloor hydrothermal vent sites, East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9-10??N, 13??N, and 21??S and Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) 37??N yield ??33S values ranging from -0.002 to 0.033 and ??34S from -0.5??? to 5.3???. The combined ??34S and ??33S systematics reveal that 73 to 89% of vent sulfides are derived from leaching from basaltic sulfide and only 11 to 27% from seawater-derived sulfate. Pyrite from EPR 13??N and marcasite from MAR 37??N are in isotope disequilibrium not only in ??34S but also in ??33S with respect to associated sphalerite and chalcopyrite, suggesting non-equilibrium sulfur isotope exchange between seawater sulfate and sulfide during pyrite precipitation. Seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides are characterized by low ??33S values compared with biogenic sulfides, suggesting little or no contribution of sulfide from microbial sulfate reduction into hydrothermal sulfides at sediment-free mid-oceanic ridge systems. We conclude that 33S is an effective new tracer for interplay among seawater, oceanic crust and microbes in subseafloor hydrothermal sulfur cycles. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.017","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ono, S., Shanks, W.C., Rouxel, O., and Rumble, D., 2007, S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1170-1182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.017.","startPage":"1170","endPage":"1182","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476960,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1594","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.017"},{"id":242336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaee8e4b0c8380cd872a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ono, Shuhei","contributorId":100627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ono","given":"Shuhei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13295,"text":"1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rouxel, O.J.","contributorId":32001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouxel","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rumble, D.","contributorId":80095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumble","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032177,"text":"70032177 - 2007 - Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032177","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"A current model for the evolution of Proterozoic deep seawater composition involves a change from anoxic sulfide-free to sulfidic conditions 1.8??Ga. In an earlier model the deep ocean became oxic at that time. Both models are based on the secular distribution of banded iron formation (BIF) in shallow marine sequences. We here present a new model based on rare earth elements, especially redox-sensitive Ce, in hydrothermal silica-iron oxide sediments from deeper-water, open-marine settings related to volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. In contrast to Archean, Paleozoic, and modern hydrothermal iron oxide sediments, 1.74 to 1.71??Ga hematitic chert (jasper) and iron formation in central Arizona, USA, show moderate positive to small negative Ce anomalies, suggesting that the redox state of the deep ocean then was at a transitional, suboxic state with low concentrations of dissolved O2 but no H2S. The presence of jasper and/or iron formation related to VMS deposits in other volcanosedimentary sequences ca. 1.79-1.69??Ga, 1.40??Ga, and 1.24??Ga also reflects oxygenated and not sulfidic deep ocean waters during these time periods. Suboxic conditions in the deep ocean are consistent with the lack of shallow-marine BIF ??? 1.8 to 0.8??Ga, and likely limited nutrient concentrations in seawater and, consequently, may have constrained biological evolution. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Grenne, T., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O., and Lindberg, P.A., 2007, Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 255, no. 1-2, p. 243-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018.","startPage":"243","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018"},{"id":242835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"255","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d45e4b08c986b31d740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekker, A.","contributorId":9480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rouxel, O.J.","contributorId":32001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouxel","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindberg, P. A.","contributorId":79189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032028,"text":"70032028 - 2007 - Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback","docAbstract":"A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS??) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS?? is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west Adriatic barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west Adriatic ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the Adriatic. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of ???12% over the northern Adriatic during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003726","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pullen, J., Doyle, J., Haack, T., Dorman, C., Signell, R.P., and Lee, C., 2007, Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003726.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3671","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003726"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f20fe4b0c8380cd4afb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pullen, J.","contributorId":34339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, J.D.","contributorId":67917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, T.","contributorId":89366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorman, C.","contributorId":25781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, C.M.","contributorId":40031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031991,"text":"70031991 - 2007 - Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031991","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were acquired across shallow streams and/or drainage ditches at 10 bridge sites in Missouri by maneuvering the antennae across the surface of the water and riverbank from the bridge deck, manually or by boat. The acquired two-dimensional and three-dimensional data sets accurately image the channel bottom, demonstrating that the GPR tool can be used to estimate and/or monitor water depths in shallow fluvial environments. The study results demonstrate that the GPR tool is a safe and effective tool for measuring and/or monitoring scour in proximity to bridges. The technique can be used to safely monitor scour at assigned time intervals during peak flood stages, thereby enabling owners to take preventative action prior to potential failure. The GPR tool can also be used to investigate depositional and erosional patterns over time, thereby elucidating these processes on a local scale. In certain instances, in-filled scour features can also be imaged and mapped. This information may be critically important to those engaged in bridge design. GPR has advantages over other tools commonly employed for monitoring bridge scour (reflection seismic profiling, echo sounding, and electrical conductivity probing). The tool doesn't need to be coupled to the water, can be moved rapidly across (or above) the surface of a stream, and provides an accurate depth-structure model of the channel bottom and subchannel bottom sediments. The GPR profiles can be extended across emerged sand bars or onto the shore.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., Ismael, A., and Thitimakorn, T., 2007, Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214810,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1"},{"id":242562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b74e4b0c8380cd5b9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, N.L.","contributorId":55129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ismael, A.M.","contributorId":88168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ismael","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thitimakorn, T.","contributorId":75770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thitimakorn","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031971,"text":"70031971 - 2007 - Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031971","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) loss is estimated at about 80-85% of annual precipitation in South Florida. Accurate prediction of ET is important during and beyond the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In the USDA's Everglades Agro-Hydrology Model (EAHM) the soil water intake is linked with the soil water redistribution, soil evaporation, plant transpiration, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage to calculate daily root zone soil water content. Hydrometeorological data from three sites with different soil moisture content and vegetal cover were used to evaluate the EAHM ET routine. In general, the EAHM water balance sub-model simulated the daily ET with acceptable accuracy in the area with standing water (Everglades) while using the Penman method. However, in the area with grass cover, there was a discrepancy between the model simulated and measured ET using either the Penman or the Priestley-Taylor method. The results indicated that in the region with two distinct climate patterns: dry (low humidity, more wind, and less precipitation) and wet (high humidity, less wind and more rainfall) such as South Florida, a combination method like Penman should be used for prediction of daily ET. However, in order to improve the predictability of the ET methods, information about surface albedo is needed for land surfaces with grass vegetation during the growing season.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583912","usgsCitation":"Savabi, M., Cochrane, T., German, E., Ikiz, C., and Cockshutt, N., 2007, Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 15, p. 1-15.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savabi, M.R.","contributorId":25376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savabi","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, T.A.","contributorId":42447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"German, E.","contributorId":45133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikiz, C.","contributorId":101901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikiz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cockshutt, N.","contributorId":43187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockshutt","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031965,"text":"70031965 - 2007 - Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T12:01:24","indexId":"70031965","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forest has been greatly diminished by conversion to agriculture. Less than 25% of the pre-Columbian bottomland hardwood forests remain in the southeastern United States. Because of the valuable ecological and hydrological functions performed by these forests, their conservation and restoration has been a high priority. Part of these restoration efforts has focused on developing tools that can be used for both assessments at the landscape level and policy implementation at the local level. The distribution of bottomland hardwood forests in the Cache and White River watersheds in eastern Arkansas were examined using existing GIS databases. Criteria were developed to select areas that should be conserved or augmented for wildlife habitat. Over 67% of the study area was classified as agriculture, with bottomland hardwood forest the next largest habitat class. The thickness of a forest fragment was defined as the radius of the largest circle that can be inscribed in a fragment. Thickness was used in three ways. First, individual forest fragments were identified and selected based on ecological function using criteria we established. Second, individual fragments that were too small to support interior species, but large enough that if moderately augmented they could recover that function, were identified and selected. These augmentable fragments were further prioritized by adjacency to habitat that might be suitable for reforestation, namely agriculture. Third, watersheds were prioritized for conservation and augmentation based on the size and distributions of forest fragment thickness and area within each watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[72:PBHFSF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Biagas, J., 2007, Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation: Natural Areas Journal, v. 27, no. 1, p. 72-82, https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[72:PBHFSF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 36.16892253622743\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 36.16892253622743\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c71e4b0c8380cd7e6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biagas, J. 0000-0001-5548-1970","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-1970","contributorId":51558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biagas","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031741,"text":"70031741 - 2007 - The geology of asbestos in the United States and its practical applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T16:38:57.747672","indexId":"70031741","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of asbestos in the United States and its practical applications","docAbstract":"Recently, naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) has drawn the attention of numerous health and regulatory agencies and citizen groups. NOA can be released airborne by (1) the disturbance of asbestos-bearing bedrocks through human activities or natural weathering, and (2) the mining and milling of some mineral deposits in which asbestos occurs as an accessory mineral(s). Because asbestos forms in specific rock types and geologic conditions, this information can be used to focus on areas with the potential to contain asbestos, rather than devoting effort to areas with minimal NOA potential. All asbestos minerals contain magnesium, silica, and water as essential constituents, and some also contain major iron and/or calcium. Predictably, the geologic environments that host asbestos are enriched in these components. Most asbestos deposits form by metasomatic replacement of magnesium-rich rocks. Asbestos-forming environments typically display shear or evidence for a significant influx of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids. Asbestos-forming processes can be driven by regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism, or magmatic hydrothermal systems. Thus, asbestos deposits of all sizes and styles are typically hosted by magnesium-rich rocks (often also iron-rich) that were altered by a metamorphic or magmatic process. Rock types known to host asbestos include serpentinites, altered ultramafic and some mafic rocks, dolomitic marbles and metamorphosed dolostones, metamorphosed iron formations, and alkalic intrusions and carbonatites. Other rock types appear unlikely to contain asbestos. These geologic insights can be used by the mining industry, regulators, land managers, and others to focus attention on the critical locales most likely to contain asbestos.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.55","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2007, The geology of asbestos in the United States and its practical applications: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 55-68, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.55.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-014447","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n 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S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031733,"text":"70031733 - 2007 - Toward a transport-based analysis of nutrient spiraling and uptake in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T16:44:26.266653","indexId":"70031733","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a transport-based analysis of nutrient spiraling and uptake in streams","docAbstract":"Nutrient addition experiments are designed to study the cycling of nutrients in stream ecosystems where hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes determine nutrient fate. Because of the importance of hydrologic processes in stream ecosystems, a conceptual model known as nutrient spiraling is frequently employed. A central part of the nutrient spiraling approach is the determination of uptake length (Sw), the average distance traveled by dissolved nutrients in the water column before uptake. Although the nutrient spiraling concept has been an invaluable tool in stream ecology, the current practice of estimating uptake length from steady‐state nutrient data using linear regression (called here the “Sw approach”) presents a number of limitations. These limitations are identified by comparing the exponential Sw equation with analytical solutions of a stream solute transport model. This comparison indicates that (1) Sw is an aggregate measure of uptake that does not distinguish between main channel and storage zone processes, (2) Sw is an integrated measure of numerous hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes—this process integration may lead to difficulties in interpretation when comparing estimates of Sw, and (3) estimates of uptake velocity and areal uptake rate (vf and U) based on Sw are not independent of system hydrology. Given these findings, a transport‐based approach to nutrient spiraling is presented for steady‐state and time‐series data sets. The transport‐based approach for time‐series data sets is suggested for future research on nutrient uptake as it provides a number of benefits, including the ability to (1) separately quantify main channel and storage zone uptake, (2) quantify specific hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes using various model parameters (process separation), (3) estimate uptake velocities and areal uptake rates that are independent of hydrologic effects, and (4) use shortterm, non‐plateau nutrient additions such that the effects of regeneration and mineralization are minimized. In summary, the transport‐based, time‐series approach provides a means of estimating traditional measures of nutrient uptake (Sw, vf , U) while providing additional information on the location and magnitude of uptake (main channel versus storage zone). Application of the transport‐based approach to time‐series data from Green Creek, Antarctica, indicates that the bulk of nitrate uptake (~74% to 100%) occurred within the main channel where benthic uptake by algal mats is a likely process. Substantial uptake (~26%) also occurred in the storage zone of one reach, where uptake is attributed to the microbial community.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lom.2007.5.50","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., 2007, Toward a transport-based analysis of nutrient spiraling and uptake in streams: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 5, no. 1, p. 50-62, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2007.5.50.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b2e4b08c986b326834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031710,"text":"70031710 - 2007 - Evidence of widespread natural reproduction by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T13:39:56","indexId":"70031710","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of widespread natural reproduction by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Localized natural reproduction of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron has occurred since the 1980s near Thunder Bay, Michigan. During 2004–2006, USGS spring and fall bottom trawl surveys captured 63 wild juvenile lake trout at depths ranging from 37–73 m at four of five ports in the Michigan waters of the main basin of Lake Huron, more than five times the total number captured in the previous 30-year history of the surveys. Relatively high catches of wild juvenile lake trout in bottom trawls during 2004–2006 suggest that natural reproduction by lake trout has increased and occurred throughout the Michigan waters of the main basin. Increased catches of wild juvenile lake trout in the USGS fall bottom trawl survey were coincident with a drastic decline in alewife abundance, but data were insufficient to determine what mechanism may be responsible for increased natural reproduction by lake trout. We recommend further monitoring of juvenile lake trout abundance and research into early life history of lake trout in Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[917:EOWNRB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., He, J., Johnson, J., O’Brien, T.P., and Schaeffer, J., 2007, Evidence of widespread natural reproduction by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. 4, p. 917-921, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[917:EOWNRB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"921","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[917:EOWNRB]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d70e4b0c8380cd53007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, J.X.","contributorId":7901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031704,"text":"70031704 - 2007 - Hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport in a small agricultural catchment, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031704","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport in a small agricultural catchment, Iowa","docAbstract":"Effects of subsurface deposits on nitrate loss in stream riparian zones are recognized, but little attention has been focused on similar processes occurring in upland agricultural settings. In this paper, we evaluated hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport processes occurring in a small 7.6 ha Iowa catchment. Subsurface deposits in the catchment consisted of upland areas of loess overlying weathered pre-Illinoian till, drained by two ephemeral drainageways that consisted of Holocene-age silty and organic rich alluvium. Water tables in upland areas fluctuated more than 4 m per year compared to less than 0.3 m in the drainageway. Water quality patterns showed a distinct spatial pattern, with groundwater in the drainageways having lower nitrate concentrations (<0.5 mg L-1 compared to upland areas (>10 mg L-1) as wells as lower pH, dissolved oxygen and redox, and higher ammonium and dissolved organic carbon levels. Several lines of evidence suggested that conditions are conducive for denitrification of groundwater flowing from uplands through the drainageways. Field-measured nitrate decay rates in the drainageways (???0.02 day-1) were consistent with other laboratory studies and regional patterns. Results from MODFLOW and MT3DMS simulations indicated that soils in the ephemeral drainageways could process all upland groundwater nitrate flowing through them. However, model-simulated tile drainage increased both water flux and nitrate loss from the upland catchment. Study results suggest that ephemeral drainageways can provide a natural nitrate treatment system in our upland glaciated catchments, offering management opportunities to reduce nitrate delivery to streams. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JG000405","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Tomer, M., Zhang, Y., Weisbrod, T., Jacobson, P., and Cambardella, C., 2007, Hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport in a small agricultural catchment, Iowa: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000405.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477263,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000405","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000405"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33a3e4b0c8380cd5f142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, M.D.","contributorId":77359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weisbrod, T.","contributorId":30449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisbrod","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobson, P.","contributorId":11412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cambardella, C.A.","contributorId":103874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cambardella","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031694,"text":"70031694 - 2007 - Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031694","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited?","docAbstract":"In the past half century, many waterbird populations in Chesapeake Bay have declined or shifted ranges, indicating major ecological changes have occurred. While many studies have focused on the problems associated with environmental degradation such as the losses of coastal wetlands and submerged vegetation, a number of restoration efforts have been launched in the past few decades to reverse the \"sea of despair.\" Most pertinent to waterbirds, restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds, tidal wetland restoration, oyster reef restoration, and island creation/restoration have benefited a number of species. State and federal agencies and non-government agencies have formed partnerships to spawn many projects ranging in size from less than 0.5 ha to ca. 1,000 ha. While most SAV, wetland, and oyster reef projects have struggled to different degrees over the past ten to twenty years with inconsistent methods, irregular monitoring, and unknown reasons for failures, recent improvements in techniques and application of adaptive management have been made. The large dredge-material island projects at Hart-Miller Island near Baltimore, Poplar Island west of Tilghman Island, Maryland, and Craney Island in Portsmouth, Virginia have provided large outdoor \"laboratories\" for wildlife, fishery, and wetland habitat creation. All three have proven to be important for nesting waterbirds and migrant shorebirds and waterfowl; however nesting populations at all three islands have been compromised to different degrees by predators. Restoration success for waterbirds and other natural resources depends on: (1) establishing realistic, quantifiable objectives and performance criteria, (2) continued monitoring and management (e.g., predator control), (3) targeted research to determine causality, and (4) careful evaluation under an adaptive management regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0163:ROWHIC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., and Beck, R., 2007, Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited?: Waterbirds, v. 30, no. SPEC. ISS. 1, p. 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0163:ROWHIC]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"163","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212452,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0163:ROWHIC]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"SPEC. ISS. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaad2e4b0c8380cd86551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031692,"text":"70031692 - 2007 - Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) in a glacial fjord ecosystem: Implications for recruitment processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:10:42","indexId":"70031692","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) in a glacial fjord ecosystem: Implications for recruitment processes","title":"Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) in a glacial fjord ecosystem: Implications for recruitment processes","docAbstract":"A systematic pot survey in Glacier Bay, Alaska, was conducted to characterize the spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs, and their association with depth and temperature. The information was used to infer important recruitment processes for Tanner crabs in glaciated ecosystems. High-catch areas for juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs were identified using local autocorrelation statistics. Spatial segregation by size class corresponded to features in the glacial landscape: high-catch areas for juveniles were located at the distal ends of two narrow glacial fjords, and high-catch areas for adults were located in the open waters of the central Bay. Juvenile female Tanner crabs were found at nearly all sampled depths (15–439 m) and temperatures (4–8°C), but the biggest catches were at depths <150 m where adults were scarce. Because adults may prey on or compete with juveniles, the distribution of juveniles could be influenced by the distribution of adults. Areas where adults or predators are scarce, such as glacially influenced fjords, could serve as refuges for juvenile Tanner crabs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsm158","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., Taggart, S.J., Shirley, T.C., and Mondragon, J., 2007, Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) in a glacial fjord ecosystem: Implications for recruitment processes: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 64, no. 9, p. 1772-1784, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm158.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1772","endPage":"1784","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b946ee4b08c986b31aa9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.K.","contributorId":84488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031691,"text":"70031691 - 2007 - Preliminary identification of ground-water nitrate sources using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031691","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1358,"text":"Current Research in Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary identification of ground-water nitrate sources using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, Kansas","docAbstract":"Increasing nitrate-N in ground water is a problem in areas with limited ground-water supplies, such as central Kansas. Nitrate-N concentrations in ground water in the study area in Ellis County range from 0.9 to 26 mg/L. Calculated mean values observed in soil cores are 1.2-15 mg/kg. The ??15N signatures of the ground waters are more enriched (+16.8 to +28.7???) than those of the soils (+8.4 to +1 3.7???), strongly suggesting that nitrate-N sources are not from mineralized and labile nitrogen present in the unsaturated zone. Soil cores were collected near municipal wells to determine if soil nitrogen was a contributing source to the ground water. Increased ??15N of total nitrogen with depth suggests that microbial mineralization processes and possible denitrification or volatilization isotope enrichments have affected the observed ?? 15N signatures in the soil. However, the observed soil-nitrogen values are not of sufficient magnitude to explain the nitrate-N concentrations or associated ??15N values observed in the ground water. Stable carbon isotopes provide some supporting evidence that soils are not a major contributor to the observed nitrate-N concentration in the ground water. ?? 13C values of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils generally become more enriched with depth while corresponding ground-water ??13C (DOC) values are more depleted than in the overlying soils. Carbon isotope values of the soils are indicative of a C4 plant source that is enriched by microbial processes. The ??13C (DOC) of ground water indicates C3 values that may reflect impacts from animal-waste sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Research in Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Townsend, M., and Macko, S., 2007, Preliminary identification of ground-water nitrate sources using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, Kansas: Current Research in Earth Sciences, v. 253, no. 3.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"253","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a882ee4b0c8380cd7d783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macko, S.A.","contributorId":105408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macko","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031688,"text":"70031688 - 2007 - Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T10:15:05","indexId":"70031688","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel","docAbstract":"A case study is shown in which the pattern of submarine groundwater discharge and of seawater recycling is controlled by local hydrogeological variability. The coastal aquifer in Dor Bay is composed of two units: a partly confined calcaranitic sandstone (Kurkar) and an overlying loose sand. Groundwater in the Kurkar has elevated activities of 222Rn (∼390 dpm/L) and relatively low 224Ra/223Ra activity ratios (3–4), while the sand groundwater is significantly less radiogenic (6–90 dpm/L) and shows higher 224Ra/223Ra ratios. Groundwater discharging from sand-covered areas of the bay has salinities of 16–31 and an average 222Rn activity of 168 dpm/L, which lies on a mixing line between Rn-rich Kurkar fresh water and Rn-poor seawater. Another key observation is that seawater infiltrates to some extent into onshore sand groundwater, while the fresh water within the submarine Kurkar can be traced up to 40 m offshore. This implies that while fresh water mainly discharges from the Kurkar unit, seawater recycling is limited to the loose sand, and that the discharge from sand-covered areas is a mixture of Kurkar water with recycled seawater. Advection rates from the bay floor were calculated from Rn time series and found to vary between 0 and 36 cm/d, correlating negatively with bay water depth. The average flux was 8.1 cm/d, and it did not seem to change much during March, May, and July 2006. The average amount of fresh water discharging to the bay was 5.0 m3/d per meter of shoreline. Radon activity in the sand groundwater also fluctuates due to influx of Kurkar-type groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JC004112","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, Y., Burnett, W.C., Swarzenski, P., Shalem, Y., Yechieli, Y., and Herut, B., 2007, Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. C12, C12016; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004112.","productDescription":"C12016; 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477150,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004112"},{"id":239871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Carmel Coast, Dor Bay","volume":"112","issue":"C12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae3ee4b0c8380cd87058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shalem, Y.","contributorId":84971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031399,"text":"70031399 - 2007 - Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:54:06","indexId":"70031399","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California","docAbstract":"We collected two species of crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii, from Cache and Putah Creeks, California, and analyzed them for mercury and trace elements. Trace elements were higher in carcasses in 40 cases, higher in tails in 5 cases, and not different in 35 cases; no concentration exceeded levels considered harmful. Mercury concentrations were similar among sites, with no overall sex or species effect in tails. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations were higher in tails at all sites. Methylmercury concentrations in crayfish tails (0.156-0.256 ??g/g) exceeded concentrations reported in health advisories for consumption of fish and crayfish from these watersheds. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Bergen, D., Bauer, M., Crayon, J., and Meckstroth, A., 2007, Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 79, no. 6, p. 628-632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6.","startPage":"628","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergen, D.R.","contributorId":77738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, M.L.","contributorId":16655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meckstroth, A.M.","contributorId":50464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckstroth","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031389,"text":"70031389 - 2007 - Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031389","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars","docAbstract":"Magnesium sulfate probably plays a dominant role in the water cycle of Mars away from the polar ice caps through hydration and dehydration reactions. This prominence is due to its abundance, its occurrence in numerous hydration states, and its ability to hydrate and dehydrate rapidly. New experimental studies on the metastable reaction between hexahydrite (MgSO4??6H2O) and starkeyite (MgSO4-4H2O) as a function of temperature and relative humidity, supplemented by recent investigations of the stable reaction between epsomite (MgSO4??7H2O) and hexahydrite and by phase equilibrium calculations, suggest that the most important magnesium sulfate phases involved in the Martian water cycle are MgSO4??11 H2O, epsomite, starkeyite, and possibly kieserite (MgSO4??H2O). Hexahydrite is not predicted to be stable on the surface of Mars. During diurnal variations in temperature and relative humidity, 1 kg of MgSO4 can release or remove from the atmosphere 1.5 kg of H2O by cycling between kieserite and MgSO4??11 H2O. Despite subequal abundances of calcium sulfate, calcium sulfates are not likely to be important in the water cycle of the planet because of sluggish rates of hydration and dehydration and a more limited range of H2O concentrations per kilogram of CaSO4 (0.00 to 0.26 kg kg-1). Modern or recent erosion on Mars attributed to liquid water may be due to the dehydration Of MgSO4??11 H2O because of the inferred abundance and likelihood of occurrence of this phase and its limited stability relative to known variations in temperature and relative humidity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002898","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R., 2007, Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002898.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477118,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002898","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002898"},{"id":240096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b57e4b0c8380cd69489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031380,"text":"70031380 - 2007 - Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER \"B\" site, Osage County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T12:16:10.15441","indexId":"70031380","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER \"B\" site, Osage County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"For the last 5 a, the authors have been investigating the transport, fate, natural attenuation and ecosystem impacts of inorganic and organic compounds in releases of produced water and associated hydrocarbons at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research (OSPER) “A” and “B” sites, located in NE Oklahoma. Approximately 1.0 ha of land at OSPER “B”, located within the active Branstetter lease, is visibly affected by salt scarring, tree kills, soil salinization, and brine and petroleum contamination. Site “B” includes an active production tank battery and adjacent large brine pit, two injection well sites, one with an adjacent small pit, and an abandoned brine pit and tank battery site. Oil production in this lease started in 1938, and currently there are 10 wells that produce 0.2–0.5 m3/d (1–3 bbl/d) oil, and 8–16 m3/d (50–100 bbl/d) brine. Geochemical data from nearby oil wells show that the produced water source is a Na–Ca–Cl brine (∼150,000 mg/L TDS), with high Mg, but low SO4 and dissolved organic concentrations. Groundwater impacts are being investigated by detailed chemical analyses of water from repeated sampling of 41 boreholes, 1–71 m deep. The most important results at OSPER “B” are: (1) significant amounts of produced water from the two active brine pits percolate into the surficial rocks and flow towards the adjacent Skiatook reservoir, but only minor amounts of liquid petroleum leave the brine pits; (2) produced-water brine and minor dissolved organics have penetrated the thick (3–7 m) shale and siltstone units resulting in the formation of three interconnected plumes of high-salinity water (5000–30,000 mg/L TDS) that extend towards the Skiatook reservoir from the two active and one abandoned brine pits; and (3) groundwater from the deep section of only one well, BR-01 located 330 m upslope and west of the site, appear not to be impacted by petroleum operations.
This paper presents small-scale push–pull tests designed to evaluate the kinetic controls on