{"pageNumber":"969","pageRowStart":"24200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184655,"records":[{"id":70189270,"text":"70189270 - 2017 - Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T15:03:08.893532","indexId":"70189270","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","docAbstract":"

There are three extant sirenian species of the Trichechidae family and one living Dugongidae family member. Given their close ties to coastal and often urbanized habitats, sirenians are exposed to many types of anthropogenic activities that result in challenges to their well-being, poor health, and even death. In the wild, they are exposed to direct and indirect local pressures as well as subject to large-scale stressors such as global climate change acting on regions or entire genetic stocks. In captivity, they are subject to husbandry and management practices based on our collective knowledge, or in some cases lack thereof, of their needs and welfare. It is therefore reasonable to consider that their current imperiled status is very closely linked to our actions. In this chapter, we identify and define human interactions that may impact dugongs and manatees, including hunting, fisheries, boat interactions, negative interactions with man-made structures, disease and contaminants, and global climate change. We examine techniques used to investigate these impacts and the influence of sirenian biology and of changing human behaviors on potential outcomes. We examine how this differs for dugongs and manatees in the wild and for those held in captivity. Finally, we provide possible mitigation strategies and ways to assess the efforts we are making to improve the welfare of individuals and to conserve these species. This chapter identifies how the welfare of these species is intrinsically linked to the human interactions these animals experience, and how the nature of these interactions has changed with societal shifts. We proffer suggested ways to minimize negative impacts. Current knowledge should be used to minimize negative human interactions and impacts, to promote positive impacts, and to protect these animals for the future.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal welfare","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., and Flint, M., 2017, Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs), chap. of Marine mammal welfare, v. 17, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-075969","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Mark","contributorId":194368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200982,"text":"70200982 - 2017 - The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:46:43","indexId":"70200982","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T10:46:25","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"

A synthesis of field, biostratigraphic, detrital zircon geochronologic, and remote sensing data across north-central Nevada, United States, defines a thick, regionally extensive sheet of Middle–Upper Ordovician Valmy Formation quartzite that structurally overlies deformed early Paleozoic units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Late Paleozoic regional unconformities that record tectonic disruptions have been recognized in the foreland of central and eastern Nevada and locally within the Roberts Mountains allochthon; these identify multiple, regional tectonic events between the Devonian–Mississippian initiation of the Antler orogeny and the Permian–Triassic Sonoma orogeny. However, few studies have documented the regional kinematic history of the Robert Mountains allochthon sensu stricto. In the Independence Mountains of northern Nevada, emplacement of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is restricted to the Mississippian. In the Tuscarora Mountains, the range west and southwest of the Independence Mountains, several deformation events have been identified, and emplacement of the thrust sheet containing the Valmy Formation is restricted to the Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian. These structural and temporal relations, reflected in the Antler foreland basin adjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon and overlap sequences, suggest that the Roberts Mountains allochthon is a composite stratigraphic terrane assembled along the Cordilleran margin during two or more late Paleozoic contractional events.

Valmy Formation deposits likely represent the development of coalescing submarine fans below or within bypass channels in a deep slope or rise environment. Petrographic characteristics, biostratigraphy, and detrital zircon U-Pb age populations of the Valmy Formation link it to coeval slope and rise turbidites of the Vinini Formation and shelfal Eureka Quartzite; Valmy Formation detrital zircon age populations are dissimilar to the rift-to-drift facies of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Prospect Mountain Quartzite. Throughout north-central Nevada, the Valmy Formation is in fault contact with units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, including the Devonian–Mississippian Slaven Chert, Silurian–Devonian Elder Sandstone, and Cambrian(?)–Ordovician Vinini Formation, which were deformed prior to, or during, emplacement of the thrust sheet containing Valmy Formation quartzite. Our mapping and data synthesis, guided by regional quartz maps based on remote sensing (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ASTER]) data, delineate similar structural relationships discontinuously for >200 km along strike of the Roberts Mountains allochthon.

Exploration for concealed gold deposits within reach of drilling requires knowledge of the relative thicknesses of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the Valmy Formation. Overall thicknesses of deformed Roberts Mountains allochthon units between the Valmy Formation and underlying carbonate rocks, which host large, world-class Carlin-type gold deposits, vary by hundreds of meters, but are generally less than 700 m in three of the areas studied here. Recognition of windows through and klippen of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is essential for identification of areas where deposits may be at or near the surface. Correspondingly, most ongoing exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits subjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon targets concealed deposits. The model proposed in this study is applicable to determining depth to rocks prospective for undiscovered deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31491.1","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C.S., Hofstra, A.H., Rockwell, B., and Noble, P.J., 2017, The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 129, no. 11-12, p. 1521-1536, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31491.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1536","ipdsId":"IP-077542","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6ae4b045bfcae28010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":203924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Paula J.","contributorId":40455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189241,"text":"70189241 - 2017 - Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T16:33:33","indexId":"70189241","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","docAbstract":"

To better understand the role of slab melt in the petrogenesis of North Cascades magmas, this study focuses on petrogenesis of high-Mg lavas from the two northernmost active volcanoes in Washington. High-Mg andesites (HMA) and basaltic andesites (HMBA) in the Cascade Arc have high Mg# [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)] relative to their SiO2 contents, elevated Nd/Yb, and are Ni- and Cr-enriched. The rock units examined here include the Tarn Plateau HMBA (51.8–54.0 wt% SiO2, Mg# 68–70) and Glacier Creek HMA (58.3–58.7 wt% SiO2, Mg# 63–64) from the Mount Baker Volcanic Field, and the Lightning Creek HMBA (54.8–54.6 SiO2, Mg# 69–73) from Glacier Peak. This study combines major and trace element compositions of minerals and whole rocks to test several petrogenetic hypotheses and to determine which, if any, are applicable to North Cascades HMA and HMBA. In the Tarn Plateau HMBA, rare earth element (REE) equilibrium liquids calculated from clinopyroxene compositions have high Nd/Yb that positively correlates with Mg#. This correlation suggests an origin similar to that proposed for Aleutian adakites, where intermediate, high Nd/Yb slab-derived melts interact with the overlying mantle to become Mg-rich, and subsequently mix with low Nd/Yb, mantle-derived mafic magmas with lower Mg#. In the Glacier Creek HMA, elevated whole-rock MgO and SiO2 contents resulted from accumulation of xenocrystic olivine and differentiation processes, respectively, but the cause of high Nd/Yb is less clear. However, high whole-rock Sr/P (fluid mobile/fluid immobile) values indicate a mantle source that was fluxed by an enriched, hydrous slab component, likely producing the observed high Nd/Yb REE signature. The Lightning Creek HMBA is a hybridized rock unit with at least three identifiable magmatic components, but only one of which has HMA characteristics. Cr and Mg contents in Cr-spinel and olivine pairs in this HMA component suggest that its source is a strongly depleted mantle, and high whole-rock Sr/P values indicate mantle melting that was induced through hydration, likely adding the component responsible for the observed high Nd/Yb REE pattern. The elevated SiO2 contents (54.6 wt%) of the HMA component resulted from differentiation or high degrees of partial melting of ultramafic material through the addition of H2O. Therefore the Lightning Creek HMBA is interpreted to have originated from a refractory mantle source that underwent melting through interaction with an enriched slab component. Our results indicate that in addition to slab-derived fluids, slab-derived melts also have an important role in the production of HMA and HMBA in the north Cascade Arc.

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2017-5756","usgsCitation":"Sas, M., DeBari, S., Clynne, M.A., and Rusk, B.G., 2017, Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc: American Mineralogist, v. 102, no. 5, p. 948-965, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5756.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"965","ipdsId":"IP-074407","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Cascade Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c35e4b0d1f9f057e2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sas, May","contributorId":194298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sas","given":"May","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBari, Susan","contributorId":194299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBari","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rusk, Brian G.","contributorId":23648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189242,"text":"70189242 - 2017 - Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T12:36:03","indexId":"70189242","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography","docAbstract":"

Glacial chronologies provide insight into the evolution of paleo-landscapes, paleoclimate, topography, and the erosion processes that shape mountain ranges. In the Pamir of Central Asia, glacial morphologies and deposits indicate extensive past glaciations, whose timing and extent remain poorly constrained. Geomorphic data and 15 new 10Be exposure ages from moraine boulders and roches moutonnées in the southwestern Pamir document multiple Pleistocene glacial stages. The oldest exposure ages, \"View, underestimate the age of the earliest preserved glacial advance and imply that the modern relief of the southwestern Pamir (peaks at ∼5000–6000 m a.s.l.; valleys at ∼2000–3000 m a.s.l.) already existed in the late Middle Pleistocene. Younger exposure ages (∼40–80 ka, ∼30 ka) complement the existing Central Asian glacial chronology and reflect successively less extensive Late Pleistocene glaciations. The topography of the Pamir and the glacial chronologies suggest that, in the Middle Pleistocene, an ice cap or ice field occupied the eastern Pamir high-altitude plateau, whereas westward flowing valley glaciers incised the southwestern Pamir. Since the Late Pleistocene deglaciation, the rivers of the southwestern Pamir adjusted to the glacially shaped landscape. Localized rapid fluvial incision and drainage network reorganization reflect the transient nature of the deglaciated landscape.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.012","usgsCitation":"Stubner, K., Grin, E., Hidy, A.J., Schaller, M., Gold, R.D., Ratschbacher, L., and Ehlers, T., 2017, Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations in the southwestern Pamir and their effects on topography: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 466, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","ipdsId":"IP-083967","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1351141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"466","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c35e4b0d1f9f057e2ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubner, Konstanze","contributorId":194301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubner","given":"Konstanze","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grin, Elena","contributorId":194302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grin","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidy, Alan J.","contributorId":194303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hidy","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Mirjam","contributorId":194304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Mirjam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ratschbacher, Lothar","contributorId":194305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"Lothar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehlers, Todd","contributorId":194306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlers","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189248,"text":"70189248 - 2017 - Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:36:41","indexId":"70189248","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","docAbstract":"

The size of the logic tree within the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3, Time-Dependent (UCERF3-TD) model can challenge risk analyses of large portfolios. An insurer or catastrophe risk modeler concerned with losses to a California portfolio might have to evaluate a portfolio 57,600 times to estimate risk in light of the hazard possibility space. Which branches of the logic tree matter most, and which can one ignore? We employed two model-order-reduction techniques to simplify the model. We sought a subset of parameters that must vary, and the specific fixed values for the remaining parameters, to produce approximately the same loss distribution as the original model. The techniques are (1) a tornado-diagram approach we employed previously for UCERF2, and (2) an apparently novel probabilistic sensitivity approach that seems better suited to functions of nominal random variables. The new approach produces a reduced-order model with only 60 of the original 57,600 leaves. One can use the results to reduce computational effort in loss analyses by orders of magnitude.

","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/092616EQS158M","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Field, E., and Milner, K.R., 2017, Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique: Earthquake Spectra, v. 33, no. 3, p. 857-874, https://doi.org/10.1193/092616EQS158M.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"874","ipdsId":"IP-086311","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c34e4b0d1f9f057e2e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":191074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189210,"text":"70189210 - 2017 - Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:11:57","indexId":"70189210","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","docAbstract":"

Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment-enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment-laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment-laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013689","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.P., Gomberg, J.S., Hautala, S., and Salmi, M., 2017, Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 6, p. 4584-4600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013689.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4584","endPage":"4600","ipdsId":"IP-076027","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hautala, Susan","contributorId":194235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hautala","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salmi, Marie","contributorId":194236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189263,"text":"70189263 - 2017 - A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T20:55:01","indexId":"70189263","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","docAbstract":"

Channel migration is the primary mechanism of floodplain turnover in meandering rivers and is essential to the persistence of riparian ecosystems. Channel migration is driven by river flows, but short-term records cannot disentangle the effects of land use, flow diversion, past floods, and climate change. We used three data sets to quantify nearly two centuries of channel migration on the Powder River in Montana. The most precise data set came from channel cross sections measured an average of 21 times from 1975 to 2014. We then extended spatial and temporal scales of analysis using aerial photographs (1939–2013) and by aging plains cottonwoods along transects (1830–2014). Migration rates calculated from overlapping periods across data sets mostly revealed cross-method consistency. Data set integration revealed that migration rates have declined since peaking at 5 m/year in the two decades after the extreme 1923 flood (3000 m3/s). Averaged over the duration of each data set, cross section channel migration occurred at 0.81 m/year, compared to 1.52 m/year for the medium-length air photo record and 1.62 m/year for the lengthy cottonwood record. Powder River peak annual flows decreased by 48% (201 vs. 104 m3/s) after the largest flood of the post-1930 gaged record (930 m3/s in 1978). Declining peak discharges led to a 53% reduction in channel width and a 29% increase in sinuosity over the 1939–2013 air photo record. Changes in planform geometry and reductions in channel migration make calculations of floodplain turnover rates dependent on the period of analysis. We found that the intensively studied last four decades do not represent the past two centuries

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","usgsCitation":"Schook, D.M., Rathburn, S.L., Friedman, J.M., and Wolf, J.M., 2017, A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections: Geomorphology, v. 293, no. Part A, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-087820","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"293","issue":"Part A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c32e4b0d1f9f057e2d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schook, Derek M.","contributorId":178325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schook","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Sara L.","contributorId":140606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, J. Marshall","contributorId":194350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marshall","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189211,"text":"70189211 - 2017 - Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-25T13:53:59","indexId":"70189211","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","docAbstract":"

The heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field is a fundamental property which influences earthquake dynamics and subsurface engineering. Self-similar scaling of stress heterogeneities is frequently assumed to explain characteristics of earthquakes such as the magnitude-frequency relation. However, observational evidence for such scaling of the stress field heterogeneity is scarce.

We analyze the local stress orientations using image logs of two closely spaced boreholes in the Coso Geothermal Field with sub-vertical and deviated trajectories, respectively, each spanning about 2 km in depth. Both the mean and the standard deviation of stress orientation indicators (borehole breakouts, drilling-induced fractures and petal-centerline fractures) determined from each borehole agree to the limit of the resolution of our method although measurements at specific depths may not. We find that the standard deviation in these boreholes strongly depends on the interval length analyzed, generally increasing up to a wellbore log length of about 600 m and constant for longer intervals. We find the same behavior in global data from the World Stress Map. This suggests that the standard deviation of stress indicators characterizes the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field rather than the quality of the stress measurement. A large standard deviation of a stress measurement might be an expression of strong crustal heterogeneity rather than of an unreliable stress determination. Robust characterization of stress heterogeneity requires logs that sample stress indicators along a representative sample volume of at least 1 km.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JB014370","usgsCitation":"Schoenball, M., and Davatzes, N.C., 2017, Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 8, p. 6737-6756, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014370.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6737","endPage":"6756","ipdsId":"IP-079145","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenball, Martin mschoenball@usgs.gov","contributorId":5760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenball","given":"Martin","email":"mschoenball@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188893,"text":"ds1055 - 2017 - Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T22:26:18.261745","indexId":"ds1055","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1055","title":"Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide","docAbstract":"

Evidence of Absence software (EoA) is a user-friendly software application for estimating bird and bat fatalities at wind farms and for designing search protocols. The software is particularly useful in addressing whether the number of fatalities is below a given threshold and what search parameters are needed to give assurance that thresholds were not exceeded. The software also includes tools (1) for estimating carcass persistence distributions and searcher efficiency parameters (\uD835\uDC5D and \uD835\uDC58) from field trials, (2) for projecting future mortality based on past monitoring data, and (3) for exploring the potential consequences of various choices in the design of long-term incidental take permits for protected species. The software was designed specifically for cases where tolerance for mortality is low and carcass counts are small or even 0, but the tools also may be used for mortality estimates when carcass counts are large.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dalthorp, Daniel, Huso, Manuela, and Dail, David, 2017, Evidence of absence (v2.0) software user guide: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1055, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 109 p.; Additional Report Pieces","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086433","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343451,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/ds1055_eoa_csv-templates.zip","text":"CSV templates for data entry","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 CSV templates for data entry"},{"id":343762,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/software_revision_history.txt","text":"Evidence of Absence software revision history","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software revision history"},{"id":377775,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/r4_0_2/eoa_2.0.7.tar.gz","text":"Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R version >=4.0.2","size":"3.3 MB (tar.gz)","description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R version >=4.0.2"},{"id":377774,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/r4_0_2/eoa_2.0.7.zip","text":"Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R version >=4.0.2","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R version >=4.0.2"},{"id":343450,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/eoa_2.0.7.tar.gz","text":"Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for MAC-UNIX, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3"},{"id":343449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/eoa_2.0.7.zip","text":"Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1055 Evidence of Absence software for Windows, with R versions 3.3.0 through 3.6.3"},{"id":343448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/ds1055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1055"},{"id":343447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343452,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0881/","text":"Data Series 881—Evidence of Absence Software (1.0)","description":"Evidence of Absence Software User Guide (1.0)"}],"contact":"

Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-07-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c38e4b0d1f9f057e30d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalthorp, Daniel 0000-0002-4815-6309 ddalthorp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-6309","contributorId":4902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalthorp","given":"Daniel","email":"ddalthorp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huso, Manuela M. 0000-0003-4687-6625 mhuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6625","contributorId":150012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huso","given":"Manuela","email":"mhuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dail, David","contributorId":193578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dail","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189187,"text":"70189187 - 2017 - Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:34:38","indexId":"70189187","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","docAbstract":"

Amount and diversity of bird-dispersed seed rain play important roles in determining forest composition, yet neither is easy to quantify. The complex ecological processes that influence seed movement make the best approach highly context specific. Although recent advances in seed rain theory emphasize quantifying source-specific seed shadows, many ecological questions can be addressed u sing a less mechanistic approach that requires fewer assumptions. Using seed rain rates from 0.38 m2 hoop traps sampled twice monthly over the course of a year, we show that number of traps required to identify changes in seed rain varies across seed species and forest type. Detecting a 50% increase in amount of seed rain required from 65 to >300 traps, while detecting a 200% increase generally required ≤⃒50 traps. Trap size and ecological context dictate the number of seeds found in each trap, but the coefficient of variation (CV) across traps in a given ecological context can help inform future studies about number of traps needed to detect change. To better understand factors influencing variation around estimates of seed rain, we simulated both clustered and evenly distributed patterns of fecal deposition using three different levels of seed aggregation (number of seeds in each fecal deposit). When patterns of fecal deposition were clustered, rather than evenly dispersed across the study area, they required >1.5 times the number of traps to identify a 100% increase in seed rain. Similarly, we found that low seed aggregation required >1.5 times the number of traps to detect a 100% change than when aggregation was medium or high. At low aggregations, fewer seed rain traps contained seeds (low, 33 ± 5%; medium, 23 ± 4%; high, 24 ± 5%), resulting in more variation across traps than medium and high aggregations. We also illustrate the importance of training observers to discern between morphologically similar seeds from different species and provide resources to help identify bird-dispersed seeds commonly found within midelevation mesic Hawaiian forests.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","doi":"10.2984/71.3.4","usgsCitation":"Rose, E., Stewart, M., Brinkman, A., Paxton, E., and Yelenik, S.G., 2017, Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest: Pacific Science, v. 71, no. 3, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.2984/71.3.4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-079989","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c38e4b0d1f9f057e308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Eli 0000-0003-0958-9491 etrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9491","contributorId":194190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli","email":"etrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Meredith","contributorId":194191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkman, Andrew","contributorId":194192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189188,"text":"70189188 - 2017 - Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:35:53","indexId":"70189188","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"

Prescribed fire is used to reverse invasion by woody vegetation on grasslands, but managers often are uncertain whether influences of shrub and tree reduction outweigh potential effects of fire on nest survival of grassland birds. During the 2001–2003 breeding seasons, we examined relationships of prescribed fire and woody vegetation to nest survival of clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) and Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) in mixed-grass prairie at Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern North Dakota, USA. We assessed relationships of nest survival to 1) recent fire history, in terms of number of breeding seasons (2, 3, or 4–5) since the last prescribed fire, and 2) prevalence of trees and tall (>1.5 m) shrubs in the landscape and of low (≤1.5 m) shrubs within 5 m of nests. Nest survival of both species exhibited distinct patterns related to age of the nest and day of year, but bore no relationship to fire history. Survival of clay-colored sparrow nests declined as the amount of trees and tall shrubs within 100 m increased, but we found no relationship to suggest nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) as an underlying mechanism. We found little evidence linking nest survival of Savannah sparrow to woody vegetation. Our results suggest that fire can be used to restore northern mixed-grass prairies without adversely affecting nest survival of ≥2 widespread passerine species. Survival of nests of clay-colored sparrow may increase when tall woody cover is reduced by fire. Our data lend support to the use of fire for reducing scattered patches of tall woody cover to enhance survival of nests of ≥1 grassland bird species in northern mixed-grass prairies, but further study is needed that incorporates experimental approaches and assessments of shorter term effects of fire on survival of nests of grassland passerines.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.780","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Shaffer, T.L., Grant, T.A., Derrig, J.L., Rubin, C.S., and Kerns, C.K., 2017, Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 3, p. 442-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.780.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"452","ipdsId":"IP-045948","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d19b29daa58a454f9da6891f214753d5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c37e4b0d1f9f057e303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":194194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derrig, James L.","contributorId":194193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derrig","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Cory S.","contributorId":194196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerns, Courtney K.","contributorId":194195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189482,"text":"70189482 - 2017 - Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:10:48","indexId":"70189482","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","title":"Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds","docAbstract":"This is the 17th supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made between April 15, 2016, and April 15, 2017, by the AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-17-72.1","usgsCitation":"Chesser, T., Burns, K., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J., Rising, J.D., Stotz, D.F., and Winker, K., 2017, Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union: Check-list of North American Birds: The Auk, v. 134, no. 3, p. 751-773, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-17-72.1.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"751","endPage":"773","ipdsId":"IP-088606","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-17-72.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d828e4b0d1f9f060a178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesser, Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":177781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Kevin J","contributorId":145564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Kevin J","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cicero, Carla","contributorId":145565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicero","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunn, Jon L.","contributorId":145566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratter, Andrew W.","contributorId":145567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratter","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16151,"text":"Univ Fla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovette, Irby J.","contributorId":145573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovette","given":"Irby","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasmussen, Pamela C.","contributorId":145569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16153,"text":"Mich St Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rising, James D.","contributorId":145571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rising","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16155,"text":"Univ Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stotz, Douglas F.","contributorId":145572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stotz","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16156,"text":"FMNH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Winker, Kevin","contributorId":140814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winker","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13586,"text":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70189166,"text":"70189166 - 2017 - Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T07:41:43","indexId":"70189166","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","title":"Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures","docAbstract":"

Measuring rates of acquisition of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, by the larval stage of Ixodes scapularis Say is a useful tool for xenodiagnoses of B. burgdorferi in vertebrate hosts. In the nymphal and adult stages of I. scapularis, the duration of attachment to hosts has been shown to predict both body engorgement during blood feeding and the timing of infection with B. burgdorferi. However, these relationships have not been established for the larval stage of I. scapularis. We sought to establish the relationship between body size during engorgement of larval I. scapularis placed on B. burgdorferi-infected, white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) and the presence or absence of infection in larvae sampled from hosts over time. Body size, time, and their interaction were the best predictors of larval infection with B. burgdorferi. We found that infected larvae showed significantly greater engorgement than uninfected larvae as early as 24 h after placement on a host. These findings may suggest that infection with B. burgdorferi affects the larval feeding process. Alternatively, larvae that engorge more rapidly on hosts may acquire infections faster. Knowledge of these relationships can be applied to improve effective xenodiagnosis of B. burgdorferi in white-footed mice. Further, these findings shed light on vector–pathogen–host interactions during an understudied part of the Lyme disease transmission cycle.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjx053","usgsCitation":"Couret, J., Dyer, M., Mather, T., Han, S., Tsao, J., LeBrun, R., and Ginsberg, H., 2017, Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1055-1060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx053.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1060","ipdsId":"IP-083413","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/141","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa8e4b0d1f9f056a714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Couret, Janelle","contributorId":194159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Couret","given":"Janelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, M.C.","contributorId":194160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyer","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, T.N.","contributorId":194161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mather","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, J.I.","contributorId":194162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeBrun, R.A.","contributorId":194163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBrun","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":147665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189018,"text":"sir20175022C - 2017 - Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189018,"text":"sir20175022C - 2017 - Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","indexId":"sir20175022C","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-27T12:28:33","indexId":"sir20175022C","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5022","chapter":"C","title":"Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are one of the most dangerous phenomena associated with explosive volcanism. To help constrain damage potential, a combination of field studies, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling are used to establish conditions that influence PDC dynamics and depositional processes, including runout distance. The objective of this field trip is to explore field relations that may constrain PDCs at the time of emplacement.

The PDC deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens are well exposed along the steep flanks (10–30° slopes) and across the pumice plain (5–12° slopes) as far as 8 km north of the volcano. The pumice plain deposits represent deposition from a series of concentrated PDCs and are primarily thick (3–12 m), massive, and poorly sorted. In contrast, the steep east-flank deposits are stratified to cross-stratified, suggesting deposition from PDCs where turbulence strongly influenced transport and depositional processes.

The PDCs that descended the west flank were largely nondepositional; they maintained a higher flow energy and carrying capacity than PDCs funneled through the main breach, as evidenced by the higher concentration of large blocks in their deposits. The PDC from the west flank collided with PDCs funneled through the breach at various points along the pumice plain. Evidence for flow collision will be explored and debated throughout the field trip.
Evidence for substrate erosion and entrainment is found (1) along the steep eastern flank of the volcano, which has a higher degree of rough, irregular topography relative to the west flanks where PDCs were likely nonerosive, (2) where PDCs encountered debris-avalanche hummocks across the pumice plain, and (3) where PDCs eroded and entrained material deposited by PDCs produced during earlier phases of the eruption. Two features interpreted as large-scale (tens of meters wide) levees and a large (~200 m wide) channel scour-and-fill feature provide the first evidence of self-channelization within PDCs sustained for minutes to tens of minutes (total volume of deposits is ~0.12 km3; area covered is ~15.5 km2; Rowley and others, 1981).

Our ability to interpret the deposits of PDCs is critical for understanding transport and depositional processes that control PDC dynamics. The results of extensive work on the May 18, 1980, PDC deposits show that slope and irregular topography strongly influence PDC flow path, dynamics, criticality (for example, supercritical versus subcritical), carrying capacity, and erosive capacity. However, the influence of these conditions on ultimate flow runout and damage potential warrants further exploration through the combination of field, experimental, and numerical approaches.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022C","usgsCitation":"Brand, B.D., Pollock, Nicholas, Sarocchi, Damiano, Dufek, Josef, and Clynne, M.A., 2017, Field-trip guide for exploring pyroclastic density current deposits from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–C, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022C.","productDescription":"ix, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075876","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/c/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/c/sir20175022c.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5022-C"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.1408312087306\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.1408312087306\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 46.1408312087306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-07-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaaae4b0d1f9f056a720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Brittany D. brittanybrand@boisestate.edu","contributorId":193853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Brittany","email":"brittanybrand@boisestate.edu","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Nicholas","contributorId":193854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33038,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarocchi, Damiano","contributorId":194000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarocchi","given":"Damiano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dufek, Josef","contributorId":194001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufek","given":"Josef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189174,"text":"70189174 - 2017 - Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-03T08:48:23","indexId":"70189174","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation","docAbstract":"

Gridded hourly precipitation observations over the conterminous U.S., from 1948 to 2002, are analyzed to determine climatological characteristics of storm precipitation totals. Despite generally lower hourly intensities, precipitation totals along the U.S. West Coast (USWC) are comparable to those in southeast U.S. (SEUS). Storm durations, more so than hourly intensities, strongly modulate precipitation-total variability over the USWC, where the correlation coefficients between storm durations and storm totals range from 0.7 to 0.9. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) contribute 30–50% of annual precipitation on the USWC and make such large contributions to extreme storms that 60–100% of the most extreme storms, i.e., storms with precipitation-total return intervals longer than 2 years, are associated with ARs. These extreme storm totals are more strongly tied to storm durations than to storm hourly or average intensities, emphasizing the importance of AR persistence to extreme storms on the USWC.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL074193","usgsCitation":"Lamjiri, M.A., Dettinger, M.D., Ralph, F.M., and Guan, B., 2017, Hourly storm characteristics along the U.S. West Coast: Role of atmospheric rivers in extreme precipitation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 13, p. 7020-7028, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074193.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7020","endPage":"7028","ipdsId":"IP-086997","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074193","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa8e4b0d1f9f056a70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamjiri, Maryam A.","contributorId":194169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamjiri","given":"Maryam","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guan, B.","contributorId":194170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190549,"text":"70190549 - 2017 - Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T11:48:22.155273","indexId":"70190549","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3908,"text":"Royal Society Open Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","title":"Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity","docAbstract":"

The spectral composition of ambient light varies across both space and time. Many species of jawed vertebrates adapt to this variation by tuning the sensitivity of their photoreceptors via the expression of CYP27C1, an enzyme that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2, thereby shifting the ratio of vitamin A1-based rhodopsin to red-shifted vitamin A2-based porphyropsin in the eye. Here, we show that the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless vertebrate that diverged from jawed vertebrates during the Cambrian period (approx. 500 Ma), dynamically shifts its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity via vitamin A1-to-A2 chromophore exchange as it transitions between photically divergent aquatic habitats. We further show that this shift correlates with high-level expression of the lamprey orthologue of CYP27C1, specifically in the retinal pigment epithelium as in jawed vertebrates. Our results suggest that the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism of sensory plasticity that appeared not long after the origin of vertebrates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsos.170362","usgsCitation":"Morshedian, A., Toomery, M.B., Pollock, G.E., Frederiksen, R., Enright, J., McCormick, S.D., Cornwall, M.C., Fain, G.L., and Corbo, J.C., 2017, Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity: Royal Society Open Science, v. 4, 170362, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170362.","productDescription":"170362, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084453","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10931e4b020cdf7d8d9ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morshedian, Ala","contributorId":196248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morshedian","given":"Ala","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toomery, Matthew B.","contributorId":196249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toomery","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Gabriel E.","contributorId":196250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederiksen, Rikard","contributorId":196251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Rikard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enright, Jennifer","contributorId":196252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enright","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cornwall, M. Carter","contributorId":196253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwall","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fain, Gordon L.","contributorId":196254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fain","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Corbo, Joseph C.","contributorId":196255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbo","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70189157,"text":"70189157 - 2017 - Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T08:05:20","indexId":"70189157","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5451,"text":"NOAA Data Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui","docAbstract":"

The coastal and upslope terrains of West Maui have had a long history of impacts owing to more than a century of human activities. Resource extraction, agriculture, as well as residential and resort development have caused land-based pollution that impairs water quality and adversely impact the adjacent marine ecosystem. Today, West Maui’s coral reefs are chronically impacted by the effects of land-based pollution, mainly sedimentation and nutrients, with documented losses of 30 – 75% in coral cover over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, despite their current status and levels of environmental impact, these coral reef communities represent a key local resource and a counterpoint to the overall low coral reef development levels both island- and state-wide. This is of high relevance because the occurrence of coral-rich assemblages and accreted reef complexes statewide is sparse. Only limited segments along the coastlines of Maui, Hawai‘i, Lana‘i, Moloka‘i, and Kaho‘olawe, harbor mature, fringing coral reefs; and unfortunately, many of them are seriously threatened by terrestrial runoff.

This report describes the results of baseline assessment surveys of coral reef benthic structure, coral community demographics, and coral condition. These surveys are intended to provide benchmarks for continued monitoring efforts and provide a gauge for comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of management actions to reduce land-based sources of pollution in priority watersheds on West Maui. Within this context, 12 permanent, long-term monitoring sites were strategically established adjacent to the 7 primary stream drainages (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Mahinahina, Kahana/Ka‘opala, Honokeana, Honokahua, and Honolua) within the five priority watersheds (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Kahana, Honokahua, and Honolua). Herein, benthic cover and composition, coral demographics, and coral condition of the monitoring sites are described and contrasted in the “Benthic Characterization” and “Synthesis and Discussion” sections of this report.

The baseline assessments revealed that although some areas harbor prominent coral reef structures with high live coral cover and multispecies assemblages, others are characterized by sediment-impacted corals in impoverished and species-poor communities. Mean coral cover varied widely, from 49% at Wahikuli-shallow to 4.6% at Mahinahina-shallow. Similarly, coralline algal cover averaged 12.7% at Ka‘opala and Honokeana-north, but was altogether absent at the Mahinahina sites. Macroalgae was a minor component of the benthos across all study sites, representing only up to 2.3% at Mahinahina-south, while turf algae varied considerably, from 41% at Honokeana-north to 84% at the Honokahua site. Consequently, the Benthic Substrate Ratio (BSR) also varied considerably region wide, with the highest values (≥ 1), suggesting a healthier reef condition reported for the Wahikuli, Honokeana, and Honokōwai sites; and the lowest (≤ 0.5), suggesting impairment in structure and function, recorded at the Honolua and Honokahua sites. Adult colony densities were the highest at the Wahikuli (27 col/m2) but lowest at the Ka‘opala (7 col/m2 ) site. And, colony partial mortality peaked at the Ka‘opala (33%) and was the lowest at the Honokeana Bay (12%). Moreover, in-situ and derived estimates of water turbidity and sediment loading revealed that the Ka‘opala and Wahikuli stream sites ranked the highest for turbidity, whereas the Honokōwai and Ka‘opala sites ranked highest for sediment loading.

Chronic and episodic terrestrial sediment stress has resulted in coral reef community demise, clearly illustrated at the Honolua, Honokahua, and Ka‘opala sites, where coral benthic cover and colony abundances ranked the lowest and levels of turf algae ranked among the highest. Left unattended, land-based pollution impacts will continue to negatively affect the coral reef communities of West Maui. And, under the current turbidity and sediment loading conditions, the coral-rich habitats in the Wahikuli and Honōkowai Watersheds are probably at greatest risk, given they harbor the most prominent and well-developed reefs in the region, characterized by the highest coral cover, colony densities, and structural complexity.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi":"10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001","usgsCitation":"Vargas-Angel, B., White, D., Storlazzi, C.D., Callender, T., and Maurin, P., 2017, Baseline assessments for coral reef community structure and demographics on West Maui: NOAA Data Report, ii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001.","productDescription":"ii, 45 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086300","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"West Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6379165649414,\n 21.024905354176795\n ],\n [\n -156.6767120361328,\n 21.06559896350614\n ],\n [\n -156.69422149658203,\n 21.052462872230283\n ],\n [\n -156.70211791992188,\n 21.040607355616125\n ],\n [\n -156.71207427978516,\n 21.024584887940854\n ],\n [\n -156.71825408935547,\n 21.016252524016362\n ],\n [\n -156.7306137084961,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -156.741943359375,\n 20.972980845527278\n ],\n [\n -156.75430297851562,\n 20.94957686478021\n ],\n [\n -156.76082611083984,\n 20.926169223379183\n ],\n [\n -156.76151275634766,\n 20.899871347076424\n ],\n [\n -156.75498962402344,\n 20.88190917234547\n ],\n [\n -156.68426513671875,\n 20.89858840588033\n ],\n [\n -156.6767120361328,\n 20.900833545774706\n ],\n [\n -156.66881561279297,\n 20.901795738302358\n ],\n [\n -156.65508270263672,\n 20.899229877849546\n ],\n [\n -156.64684295654297,\n 20.89826766886736\n ],\n [\n -156.63619995117185,\n 20.89826766886736\n ],\n [\n -156.6265869140625,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.6152572631836,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.60598754882812,\n 20.89730545371515\n ],\n [\n -156.59500122070312,\n 20.897626192784767\n ],\n [\n -156.59156799316406,\n 20.89313578342983\n ],\n [\n -156.58676147460938,\n 20.891211281151076\n ],\n [\n -156.58401489257812,\n 20.892815034763537\n ],\n [\n -156.58882141113278,\n 20.900833545774706\n ],\n [\n -156.58882141113278,\n 20.910134481692683\n ],\n [\n -156.59053802490234,\n 20.91622788558216\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 20.92520718725181\n ],\n [\n -156.5929412841797,\n 20.931941310423674\n ],\n [\n -156.59534454345703,\n 20.937713175055322\n ],\n [\n -156.59671783447263,\n 20.948294349058564\n ],\n [\n -156.5994644165039,\n 20.95566866435424\n ],\n [\n -156.60083770751953,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.60770416259766,\n 20.982597857722464\n ],\n [\n -156.6156005859375,\n 20.99734274071184\n ],\n [\n -156.62281036376953,\n 21.00631717395065\n ],\n [\n -156.62521362304688,\n 21.010804188178703\n ],\n [\n -156.63311004638672,\n 21.020098288303867\n ],\n [\n -156.6379165649414,\n 21.024905354176795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa9e4b0d1f9f056a71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vargas-Angel, Bernardo","contributorId":194121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas-Angel","given":"Bernardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Darla","contributorId":194122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Darla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callender, Tova","contributorId":148347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callender","given":"Tova","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17203,"text":"West Maui Watershed Partnership","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurin, Paulo","contributorId":194123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurin","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189195,"text":"70189195 - 2017 - Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T17:31:19","indexId":"70189195","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years","docAbstract":"

The burial of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in the large river-influenced estuarine-coastal regions is affected by hydrodynamic sorting, diagenesis and human activities. Typically, the inner shelf region of the East China Sea is a major carbon sink of the Yangtze River-derived fine-grained sediments. Most of the previous work concentrated on the studies of surface sediments or used a single-proxy in this region. In this study, two cores from the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast were analyzed using bulk (TOC, TN and δ13CTOC) and molecular biomarker (n-alkane, brassicasterol, dinosterol and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) techniques to clarify the sources, spatiotemporal distribution and fate of SOM in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent shelf. Results from this study indicated that the effects of diagenesis and diffusion on different sedimentary biomarkers resulted in overestimation of the relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter (%OMterr), compared with those based on δ13CTOC. The amounts of terrestrial plant organic matter (OMplant) and%OMterr in sediments decreased offshore. In contrast, the amounts of marine organic matter (OMmarine) increased offshore, but closer to the Yangtze River mouth, the amounts of soil organic matter (OMsoil) increased. Moreover, the amounts of TOC, OMplant and OMmarine biomarkers increased, but OMsoil and%OMterrdecreased over time in recent decades. Our study suggests that spatial organic matter distribution patterns in marine shelf sediments were controlled primarily by hydrodynamic sorting and nutrient concentrations, and temporally diverse patterns were controlled predominantly by anthropogenic influence (e.g., dam construction and soil conservation, reclamation and agricultural plantations, anthropogenic nutrient input, dust storms, eutrophication, etc) and climate events (e.g., interdecadal climatic jump and heavy rain events) in the geological period.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.06.003","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Liu, J., Xing, L., Krauss, K.W., Wang, J., Xu, G., and Li, L., 2017, Historical changes in organic matter input to the muddy sediments along the Zhejiang-Fujian Coast, China over the past 160 years: Organic Geochemistry, v. 111, p. 13-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.06.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-081183","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Zhejiang-Fujian Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 128,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 128,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 128,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfaa6e4b0d1f9f056a704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Li-lei","contributorId":194204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Li-lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Jian","contributorId":194205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xing, Lei","contributorId":194206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xing","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Jia-sheng","contributorId":194207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jia-sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Gang","contributorId":194208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":190439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70263786,"text":"70263786 - 2017 - Determination of earthquake magnitude for early warning from the time-dependence of P-wave amplitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T15:51:02.184943","indexId":"70263786","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-04T09:48:16","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Determination of earthquake magnitude for early warning from the time-dependence of P-wave amplitudes","title":"Determination of earthquake magnitude for early warning from the time-dependence of P-wave amplitudes","docAbstract":"

We propose a method that utilizes the time dependence of P‐wave displacement amplitudes to estimate the final magnitude (⁠M⁠) for earthquake early warning (EEW) before the arrival of the peak amplitude. A relation between M and P‐wave displacement amplitude is employed for the method. Its value is set as a function of time from the P arrival, and is determined using a K‐NET dataset recorded in Japan from a scaling relation between M and the time dependence of P‐wave displacement. A test to check the performance of the proposed equation demonstrates in a statistical sense that this technique enables us to estimate M more rapidly than conventional methods without loss of accuracy. We conclude that the approach proposed in this article effectively gains a longer lead time as well as reduces the blind zone for EEW.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170048","usgsCitation":"Noda, S., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2017, Determination of earthquake magnitude for early warning from the time-dependence of P-wave amplitudes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 4, p. 1860-1867, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170048.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1860","endPage":"1867","ipdsId":"IP-076689","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noda, Shunta 0000-0002-5897-3409","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5897-3409","contributorId":351252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noda","given":"Shunta","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979 ellsworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":206685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189159,"text":"70189159 - 2017 - Adding a nitrogen footprint to Colorado State University’s sustainability plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-04T12:08:48","indexId":"70189159","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adding a nitrogen footprint to Colorado State University’s sustainability plan","docAbstract":"As a large land grant university with more than 32,000 students, Colorado State University has both on-campus non-agricultural and agricultural sources of nitrogen (N) released to the environment. We used the Nitrogen Footprint Tool to estimate the amount of N released from different sectors of the university for the CSU 2014 academic year. The largest on campus sources were food production, utilities (heating, cooling, electricity), and research animals. The total on-campus N footprint in 2014 was 287 metric tons. This value was equivalent to the nitrogen footprint of agricultural experiment stations and other agricultural facilities, whose nitrogen footprint was 273 metric tons. CSU has opportunities to reduce its on-campus footprint through educational programs promoting low-meat diets and commuting by bicycle or bus. There is also an opportunity to advance ideas of agricultural best management practices, including precision farming and better livestock management. This article describes the planned and ongoing efforts to educate CSU about how societal activities release nitrogen to the environment, contributing to global change. It offers personal and institutional options for taking action, which would ultimately reduce CSU’s excess reactive nitrogen loss to the environment. The N-footprint for CSU, including scenarios of possible future nitrogen reductions, is also discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc","doi":"10.1089/sus.2017.29091.jk","usgsCitation":"Kimiecik, J., Baron, J., Weinmann, T., and Taylor, E., 2017, Adding a nitrogen footprint to Colorado State University’s sustainability plan: Sustainability, v. 10, no. 2, p. 89-95, https://doi.org/10.1089/sus.2017.29091.jk.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-085225","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595ca911e4b0d1f9f054ca10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimiecik, Jacob","contributorId":194125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimiecik","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weinmann, Timothy","contributorId":194126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weinmann","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Emily","contributorId":194127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189164,"text":"70189164 - 2017 - A spatiotemporal clustering model for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3‐ETAS): Toward an operational earthquake forecast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T13:12:10.813183","indexId":"70189164","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatiotemporal clustering model for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3‐ETAS): Toward an operational earthquake forecast","docAbstract":"

We, the ongoing Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, present a spatiotemporal clustering model for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3), with the goal being to represent aftershocks, induced seismicity, and otherwise triggered events as a potential basis for operational earthquake forecasting (OEF). Specifically, we add an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) component to the previously published time‐independent and long‐term time‐dependent forecasts. This combined model, referred to as UCERF3‐ETAS, collectively represents a relaxation of segmentation assumptions, the inclusion of multifault ruptures, an elastic‐rebound model for fault‐based ruptures, and a state‐of‐the‐art spatiotemporal clustering component. It also represents an attempt to merge fault‐based forecasts with statistical seismology models, such that information on fault proximity, activity rate, and time since last event are considered in OEF. We describe several unanticipated challenges that were encountered, including a need for elastic rebound and characteristic magnitude–frequency distributions (MFDs) on faults, both of which are required to get realistic triggering behavior. UCERF3‐ETAS produces synthetic catalogs of M≥2.5 events, conditioned on any prior M≥2.5 events that are input to the model. We evaluate results with respect to both long‐term (1000 year) simulations as well as for 10‐year time periods following a variety of hypothetical scenario mainshocks. Although the results are very plausible, they are not always consistent with the simple notion that triggering probabilities should be greater if a mainshock is located near a fault. Important factors include whether the MFD near faults includes a significant characteristic earthquake component, as well as whether large triggered events can nucleate from within the rupture zone of the mainshock. Because UCERF3‐ETAS has many sources of uncertainty, as will any subsequent version or competing model, potential usefulness needs to be considered in the context of actual applications.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160173","usgsCitation":"Field, E., Milner, K.R., Hardebeck, J.L., Page, M.T., van der Elst, N., Jordan, T.H., Michael, A.J., Shaw, B., and Werner, M.J., 2017, A spatiotemporal clustering model for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3‐ETAS): Toward an operational earthquake forecast: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 3, p. 1049-1081, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160173.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1081","ipdsId":"IP-079305","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T16:31:00.323131","indexId":"70190243","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-03T10:26:40","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history constraints explain negative relationship between fish productivity and dissolved organic carbon in lakes","docAbstract":"

Resource availability constrains the life history strategies available to organisms and may thereby limit population growth rates and productivity. We used this conceptual framework to explore the mechanisms driving recently reported negative relationships between fish productivity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes. We studied populations of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in a set of lakes with DOC concentrations ranging from 3 to 24 mg/L; previous work has demonstrated that primary and secondary productivity of food webs is negatively related to DOC concentration across this gradient. For each population, we quantified individual growth rate, age at maturity, age‐specific fecundity, maximum age, length‐weight and length‐egg size relationships, and other life history characteristics. We observed a strong negative relationship between maximum size and DOC concentration; for instance, fish reached masses of 150 to 260 g in low‐DOC lakes but <120 g in high‐DOC lakes. Relationships between fecundity and length, and between egg size and length, were constant across the DOC gradient. Because fish in high‐DOC lakes reached smaller sizes but had similar fecundity and egg size at a given size, their total lifetime fecundity was as much as two orders of magnitude lower than fish in low‐DOC lakes. High DOC concentrations appeared to constrain the range of bluegill life history strategies available; populations in high‐DOC lakes always had low initial growth rates and high ages at maturity, whereas populations in low‐DOC showed higher variability in these traits. This was also the case for the intrinsic rates of natural increase of these populations, which were always low at the high end of the DOC gradient. The potentially lower capacity for fish populations in high‐DOC lakes to recover from exploitation has clear implications for the sustainable management of recreational fisheries in the face of considerable spatial heterogeneity and ongoing temporal change in lake DOC concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3108","usgsCitation":"Craig, N., Jones, S., Weidel, B., and Solomon, C.T., 2017, Life history constraints explain negative relationship between fish productivity and dissolved organic carbon in lakes: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 16, p. 6201-6209, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6201","endPage":"6209","ipdsId":"IP-069097","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.9879,46.0971],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.1091,45.8973],[-89.1752,45.8993],[-89.1754,45.859],[-89.3008,45.8606],[-89.3007,45.9014],[-89.3628,45.8987],[-89.4256,45.8987],[-89.5498,45.8988],[-89.6741,45.8987],[-89.7571,45.8985],[-89.797,45.898],[-89.8199,45.8984],[-89.9212,45.8981],[-89.9846,45.8974],[-90.0428,45.8972],[-90.0442,45.9823],[-90.0134,45.9824],[-89.9853,45.9821],[-89.9289,45.9818],[-89.9282,46.0693],[-89.9288,46.1558],[-89.9287,46.2428],[-89.929,46.3],[-89.7599,46.268],[-89.7368,46.2636],[-89.5829,46.2347],[-89.5331,46.2252],[-89.5133,46.2215],[-89.4272,46.2048],[-89.3759,46.1949],[-89.2666,46.1737],[-89.2302,46.1662],[-89.0854,46.1365],[-88.9879,46.0971]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vilas\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"7","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Nicola","contributorId":150803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Stuart E.","contributorId":22222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliations":[{"id":6966,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, Christopher T.","contributorId":34014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189589,"text":"70189589 - 2017 - USGS Integration of New Science and Technology, Appendix A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-12T14:52:13","indexId":"70189589","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"USGS Integration of New Science and Technology, Appendix A","docAbstract":"This product summarizes the USGS plans for integration of new science and technology into Asian Carp control efforts for 2017. This includes the 1) implementation and evaluation of new tactics and behavioral information for monitoring, surveillance, control and containment; 2) understanding behavior and reproduction of Asian carp in established and emerging populations to inform deterrent deployment, rapid response, and removal efforts; and 3) development and evaluation of databases, decision support tools and performance measures.","largerWorkTitle":"2017 Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan","language":"English","publisher":"Monitoring and Response Work Group (MRWG) of the Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee (ACRCC)","usgsCitation":"Brey, M.K., Knights, B.C., Cupp, A.R., Amberg, J., Chapman, D., Calfee, R.D., and Duncker, J.J., 2017, USGS Integration of New Science and Technology, Appendix A, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"A-1","endPage":"A-5","ipdsId":"IP-086655","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343969,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asiancarp.us/PlansReports.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e24e4b0d1f9f0640752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calfee, Robin D. 0000-0001-6056-7023 rcalfee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7023","contributorId":1841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"Robin","email":"rcalfee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189150,"text":"70189150 - 2017 - Remote measurement of high preeruptive water vapor emissions at Sabancaya volcano by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-03T09:29:03","indexId":"70189150","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote measurement of high preeruptive water vapor emissions at Sabancaya volcano by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"

Water (H2O) is by far the most abundant volcanic volatile species and plays a predominant role in driving volcanic eruptions. However, numerous difficulties associated with making accurate measurements of water vapor in volcanic plumes have limited their use as a diagnostic tool. Here we present the first detection of water vapor in a volcanic plume using passive visible-light differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). Ultraviolet and visible-light DOAS measurements were made on 21 May 2016 at Sabancaya Volcano, Peru. We find that Sabancaya's plume contained an exceptionally high relative water vapor abundance 6 months prior to its November 2016 eruption. Our measurements yielded average sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates of 800–900 t/d, H2O emission rates of around 250,000 t/d, and an H2O/SO2 molecular ratio of 1000 which is about an order of magnitude larger than typically found in high-temperature volcanic gases. We attribute the high water vapor emissions to a boiling-off of Sabancaya's hydrothermal system caused by intrusion of magma to shallow depths. This hypothesis is supported by a significant increase in the thermal output of the volcanic edifice detected in infrared satellite imagery leading up to and after our measurements. Though the measurement conditions encountered at Sabancaya were very favorable for our experiment, we show that visible-light DOAS systems could be used to measure water vapor emissions at numerous other high-elevation volcanoes. Such measurements would provide observatories with additional information particularly useful for forecasting eruptions at volcanoes harboring significant hydrothermal systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JB014020","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Masias, P., Apaza, F., Reath, K., and Platt, U., 2017, Remote measurement of high preeruptive water vapor emissions at Sabancaya volcano by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 5, p. 3540-3564, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014020.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3540","endPage":"3564","ipdsId":"IP-083524","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014020","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595b5797e4b0d1f9f0536da9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masias, Pablo","contributorId":190934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masias","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Apaza, Fredy","contributorId":190927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apaza","given":"Fredy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reath, Kevin","contributorId":194091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reath","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Platt, Ulrich","contributorId":194092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platt","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193524,"text":"70193524 - 2017 - Diel periodicity and chronology of upstream migration in yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T14:10:10","indexId":"70193524","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diel periodicity and chronology of upstream migration in yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata)","title":"Diel periodicity and chronology of upstream migration in yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata)","docAbstract":"

Yellow-phase American eel (Anguilla rostrata) upstream migration is temporally punctuated, yet migration chronology within diel time periods is not well-understood. This study examined diel periodicity, chronology, and total length (TL) of six multi-day, high-count (285–1,868 eels) passage events of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels at the Millville Dam eel ladder, lower Shenandoah River, West Virginia during 2011–2014. We categorized passage by diel periods (vespertine, nocturnal, matutinal, diurnal) and season (spring, summer, late summer/early fall, fall). We depicted passage counts as time-series histograms and used time-series spectral analysis (Fast Fourier Transformation) to identify cyclical patterns and diel periodicity of upstream migration. We created histograms to examine movement patterns within diel periods for each passage event and fit normal mixture models (2–9 mixtures) to describe multiple peaks of passage counts. Periodicity of movements for each passage event followed a 24-h activity cycle with mostly nocturnal movement. Multimodal models were supported by the data; most modes represented nocturnal movements, but modes at or near the transition between twilight and night were also common. We used mixed-model methodology to examine relationships among TL, diel period, and season. An additive-effects model of diel period + season was the best approximating model. A decreasing trend of mean TL occurred across diel movement periods, with the highest mean TL occurring during fall relative to similar mean values of TL for spring, summer, and late summer/early fall. This study increased our understanding of yellow-phase American eels by demonstrating the non-random nature of their upstream migration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-017-0614-1","usgsCitation":"Aldinger, J.L., and Welsh, S.A., 2017, Diel periodicity and chronology of upstream migration in yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 100, no. 7, p. 829-838, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0614-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"838","ipdsId":"IP-079381","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Millville Dam","volume":"100","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea4e4b0531197b27f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldinger, Joni L.","contributorId":171886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldinger","given":"Joni","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":1483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}