Altitudinal movement by tropical birds to track seasonally variable resources can move them from protected areas to areas of increased vulnerability. In Hawaiʻi, historical reports suggest that many Hawaiian honeycreepers such as the ‘I‘iwi (Drepanis coccinea) once undertook seasonal migrations, but the existence of such movements today is unclear. Because Hawaiian honeycreepers are highly susceptible to avian malaria, currently minimal in high-elevation forests, understanding the degree to which honeycreepers visit lower elevation forests may be critical to predict the current impact of malaria on population dynamics and how susceptible bird populations may respond to climate change and mitigation scenarios. Using radio telemetry data, we demonstrate for the first time that a large fraction of breeding adult and juvenile ‘I‘iwi originating from an upper-elevation (1,920 m) population at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge exhibit post-breeding movements well below the upper elevational limit for mosquitoes. Bloom data suggest seasonal variation in floral resources is the primary driver of seasonal movement for ‘I‘iwi. To understand the demographic implications of such movement, we developed a spatial individual-based model calibrated using previously published and original data. ʻI‘iwi dynamics were simulated backward in time, to estimate population levels in the absence of avian malaria, and forward in time, to assess the impact of climate warming as well as two potential mitigation actions. Even in disease-free ‘refuge’ populations, we found that breeding densities failed to reach the estimated carrying capacity, suggesting the existence of a seasonal “migration load” as a result of travel to disease-prevalent areas. We predict that ‘I‘iwi may be on the verge of extinction in 2100, with the total number of pairs reaching only ~ 0.2–12.3% of the estimated pre-malaria density, based on an optimistic climate change scenario. The probability of extinction of ‘I‘iwi populations, as measured by population estimates for 2100, is strongly related to their estimated migration propensity. Long-term conservation strategies likely will require a multi-pronged response including a reduction of malaria threats, habitat restoration and continued landscape-level access to seasonally variable nectar resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1253","usgsCitation":"Guillaumet, A., Kuntz, W.A., Samuel, M.D., and Paxton, E., 2017, Altitudinal migration and the future of an iconic Hawaiian honeycreeper in response to climate change and management: Ecological Monographs, v. 87, no. 3, p. 410-428, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1253.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"428","ipdsId":"IP-071642","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59843646e4b0e2f5d466538b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guillaumet, Alban","contributorId":150397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillaumet","given":"Alban","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuntz, Wendy A.","contributorId":195426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189995,"text":"70189995 - 2017 - Multiple methods for multiple futures: Integrating qualitative scenario planning and quantitative simulation modeling for natural resource decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:31:48","indexId":"70189995","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5474,"text":"Climate Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple methods for multiple futures: Integrating qualitative scenario planning and quantitative simulation modeling for natural resource decision making","docAbstract":"Scenario planning helps managers incorporate climate change into their natural resource decision making through a structured “what-if” process of identifying key uncertainties and potential impacts and responses. Although qualitative scenarios, in which ecosystem responses to climate change are derived via expert opinion, often suffice for managers to begin addressing climate change in their planning, this approach may face limits in resolving the responses of complex systems to altered climate conditions. In addition, this approach may fall short of the scientific credibility managers often require to take actions that differ from current practice. Quantitative simulation modeling of ecosystem response to climate conditions and management actions can provide this credibility, but its utility is limited unless the modeling addresses the most impactful and management-relevant uncertainties and incorporates realistic management actions. We use a case study to compare and contrast management implications derived from qualitative scenario narratives and from scenarios supported by quantitative simulations. We then describe an analytical framework that refines the case study’s integrated approach in order to improve applicability of results to management decisions. The case study illustrates the value of an integrated approach for identifying counterintuitive system dynamics, refining understanding of complex relationships, clarifying the magnitude and timing of changes, identifying and checking the validity of assumptions about resource responses to climate, and refining management directions. Our proposed analytical framework retains qualitative scenario planning as a core element because its participatory approach builds understanding for both managers and scientists, lays the groundwork to focus quantitative simulations on key system dynamics, and clarifies the challenges that subsequent decision making must address.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2017.07.002","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A.J., Fisichelli, N.A., Miller, B., Rowland, E., and Schuurman, G.W., 2017, Multiple methods for multiple futures: Integrating qualitative scenario planning and quantitative simulation modeling for natural resource decision making: Climate Risk Management, v. 17, p. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.07.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-076063","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.07.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79K48RZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from simulations of ecological and hydrologic response to climate change scenarios at Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, 1901-2050"},{"id":344561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59843647e4b0e2f5d4665397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisichelli, Nicholas A.","contributorId":174508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisichelli","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27461,"text":"NPS, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161 bwmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":195418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian W.","email":"bwmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowland, Erika","contributorId":146177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowland","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W.","contributorId":173975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189994,"text":"70189994 - 2017 - Recent stability of resident and migratory landbird populations in National Parks of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:46:34","indexId":"70189994","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent stability of resident and migratory landbird populations in National Parks of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Monitoring species in National Parks facilitates inference regarding effects of climate change on population dynamics because parks are relatively unaffected by other forms of anthropogenic disturbance. Even at early points in a monitoring program, identifying climate covariates of population density can suggest vulnerabilities to future change. Monitoring landbird populations in parks during the breeding season brings the added benefit of allowing a comparative approach to inference across a large suite of species with diverse requirements. For example, comparing resident and migratory species that vary in exposure to non-park habitats can reveal the relative importance of park effects, such as those related to local climate. We monitored landbirds using breeding-season point-count data collected during 2005–2014 in three wilderness areas of the Pacific Northwest (Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks). For 39 species, we estimated recent trends in population density while accounting for individual detection probability using Bayesian hierarchical N-mixture models. Our analyses integrated several recent developments in N-mixture modeling, incorporating interval and distance sampling to estimate distinct components of detection probability while also accommodating count intervals of varying duration, annual variation in the length and number of point-count transects, spatial autocorrelation, random effects, and covariates of detection and density. As covariates of density, we considered metrics of precipitation and temperature hypothesized to affect breeding success. We also considered effects of park and elevational stratum on trend. Regardless of model structure, we estimated stable or increasing densities during 2005–2014 for most populations. Mean trends across species were positive for migrants in every park and for residents in one park. A recent snowfall deficit in this region might have contributed to the positive trend, because population density varied inversely with precipitation-as-snow for both migrants and residents. Densities varied directly but much more weakly with mean spring temperature. Our approach exemplifies an analytical framework for estimating trends from point-count data, and for assessing the role of climatic and other spatiotemporal variables in driving those trends. Understanding population trends and the factors that drive them is critical for adaptive management and resource stewardship in the context of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1902","usgsCitation":"Ray, C., Saracco, J., Holmgren, M., Wilkerson, R., Siegel, R., Jenkins, K.J., Ransom, J.I., Happe, P.J., Boetsch, J., and Huff, M., 2017, Recent stability of resident and migratory landbird populations in National Parks of the Pacific Northwest: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 7, e01902: 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1902.","productDescription":"e01902: 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-081909","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1902","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59843648e4b0e2f5d466539d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Chris","contributorId":150148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17921,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saracco, James","contributorId":195412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saracco","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmgren, Mandy","contributorId":195413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Mandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilkerson, Robert","contributorId":195414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siegel, Rodney","contributorId":195415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"Rodney","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ransom, Jason I.","contributorId":139841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Happe, Patricia J.","contributorId":177053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boetsch, John","contributorId":195416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huff, Mark","contributorId":195417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huff","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70188204,"text":"ofr20171066 - 2017 - Suspended-sediment loads in the lower Stillaguamish River, Snohomish County, Washington, 2014–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T11:09:10","indexId":"ofr20171066","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1066","title":"Suspended-sediment loads in the lower Stillaguamish River, Snohomish County, Washington, 2014–15","docAbstract":"Continuous records of discharge and turbidity at a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage in the lower Stillaguamish River were paired with discrete measurements of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in order to estimate suspended-sediment loads over the water years 2014 and 2015. First, relations between turbidity and SSC were developed and used to translate the continuous turbidity record into a continuous estimate of SSC. Those concentrations were then used to predict suspended-sediment loads based on the current discharge record, reported at daily intervals. Alternative methods were used to in-fill a small number of days with either missing periods of turbidity or discharge records. Uncertainties in our predictions at daily and annual time scales were estimated based on the parameter uncertainties in our turbidity-SSC regressions. Daily loads ranged from as high as 121,000 tons during a large autumn storm to as low as –56 tons, when tidal return flow moved more sediment upstream than river discharge did downstream. Annual suspended-sediment loads for both water years were close to 1.4 ± 0.2 million tons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171066","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.W., Curran, C.A., and Grossman, E.E., 2017, Suspended-sediment loads in the lower Stillaguamish River, Snohomish County, Washington, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1066, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171066.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085882","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1066/ofr2017.1066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1066"},{"id":344569,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1066/ofr20171066_table03.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2017-1066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Stillaguamish River","contact":"Director,
Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
StreamStats is an interactive, map-based web application from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics and watershed characteristics for both gaged and ungaged sites on streams throughout New Jersey. Users can determine flood magnitude and frequency, monthly flow-duration, monthly low-flow frequency statistics, and watershed characteristics for ungaged sites by selecting a point along a stream, or they can obtain this information for streamgages by selecting a streamgage location on the map. StreamStats provides several additional tools useful for water-resources planning and management, as well as for engineering purposes. StreamStats is available for most states and some river basins through a single web portal.
Streamflow statistics for water resources professionals include the 1-percent annual chance flood flow (100-year peak flow) used to define flood plain areas and the monthly 7-day, 10-year low flow (M7D10Y) used in water supply management and studies of recreation, wildlife conservation, and wastewater dilution. Additionally, watershed or basin characteristics, including drainage area, percent area forested, and average percent of impervious areas, are commonly used in land-use planning and environmental assessments. These characteristics are easily derived through StreamStats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and Janowicz, J.A., 2017, New Jersey StreamStats: A web application for streamflow statistics and basin characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3057, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173057.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081939","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3057/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3057/fs20173057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"479 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
A variety of watershed properties available in 2015 from geographic information systems were tested in regression equations to estimate two commonly used statistical indices of the low flow of streams, namely the lowest flows averaged over 7 consecutive days that have a 1 in 10 and a 1 in 2 chance of not being exceeded in any given year (7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 2-year low flows). The equations were based on streamflow measurements in 51 watersheds in the Lower Hudson River Basin of New York during the years 1958–1978, when the number of streamflow measurement sites on unregulated streams was substantially greater than in subsequent years. These low-flow indices are chiefly a function of the area of surficial sand and gravel in the watershed; more precisely, 7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 2-year low flows both increase in proportion to the area of sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater, whereas 7-day, 2-year low flows also increase in proportion to the area of postglacial alluvium. Both low-flow statistics are also functions of mean annual runoff (a measure of net water input to the watershed from precipitation) and area of swamps and poorly drained soils in or adjacent to surficial sand and gravel (where groundwater recharge is unlikely and riparian water loss to evapotranspiration is substantial). Small but significant refinements in estimation accuracy resulted from the inclusion of two indices of stream geometry, channel slope and length, in the regression equations. Most of the regression analysis was undertaken with the ordinary least squares method, but four equations were replicated by using weighted least squares to provide a more realistic appraisal of the precision of low-flow estimates. The most accurate estimation equations tested in this study explain nearly 84 and 87 percent of the variation in 7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 2-year low flows, respectively, with standard errors of 0.032 and 0.050 cubic feet per second per square mile. The equations use natural values of streamflow and watershed properties; logarithmic transformations yielded less accurate equations inconsistent with some conceptualized relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175019","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Freehafer, D.A., 2017, Estimation of low-flow statistics at ungaged sites on streams in the Lower Hudson River Basin, New York, from data in geographic information systems: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5019, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175019.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073104","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5019/sir20175019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5019"},{"id":344429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5019/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lower Hudson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.6,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.2,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.2,\n 42.9\n ],\n [\n -74.6,\n 42.9\n ],\n [\n -74.6,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180
On March 22, 2014, the State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington mobilized 8 million cubic meters of unconsolidated Pleistocene material, creating a valley‑spanning deposit that fully impounded the North Fork Stillaguamish River. The river overtopped the 8-meter high debris impoundment within 25 hours and began steadily incising a new channel through the center of the deposit. Repeat topographic surveys, sediment transport measurements, bedload transport models, and observations of downstream channel change were used to document the establishment of that new channel through the landslide and assess the potential for downstream aggradation or channel change that might increase downstream flood hazards.
Efficient erosion of the landslide deposit, associated with the steep knickzone formed by the downstream edge of the deposit, resulted in the re-establishment of a 20–40 meters wide, deeply inset channel through the entire deposit by May 2014, 2 months after the landslide. The mean water-surface elevation of the channel through the landslide decreased 7 meters during that 2-month period, and was about 1 meter above the pre-landslide profile in July 2014. The 2014–15 flood season, which included flows near the 0.5 annual exceedance probability discharge (2-year flood), widened the channel tens of meters, and further lowered the water-surface profile 0.5 meter. The planform position evolved slowly as a result of 5–20-meter high banks predominantly composed of clay-rich, cohesive lacustrine material. Erosion of the landslide deposit delivered a total of 820 thousand metric tons of sediment to the North Fork Stillaguamish River over the 18 months following the landslide. The sediment delivery from the deposit was predominantly fine grained: 77 percent (by mass) of the eroded material was silt or clay (less than 0.063 millimeter [mm]), 19 percent sand (0.063–2 mm), and 4 percent pebbles and cobbles (greater than 2 mm).
Over the 18 months following the landslide, the bedload at a site 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide was estimated to be 310±65 thousand metric tons, and the suspended load at that same site was estimated to be 990±110 thousand metric tons. These loads represent the combined input from the landslide and ambient upstream sources; over the study interval, landslide sediment made up about 20–40 percent of the bedload, and 65–85 percent of the suspended-sediment load at this site. At a site 70 kilometers downstream of the landslide, near the mouth of the main‑stem Stillaguamish River, suspended sediment loads were estimated to be about 1,440 thousand metric tons, of which about 600 thousand metric tons, or 30 percent, likely was derived from the landslide. The mass of landslide sediment in suspension at the mouth of the river, and the timing of arrival of that sediment, indicates that about 70 percent of the landslide sediment eroded during the study period was quickly transported through the entire basin, exiting into Puget Sound within weeks of initial entrainment.
Empirical bedload transport equations, in conjunction with surficial grain-size data and output from a one‑dimensional hydraulic model, were used to estimate spatial trends in bedload transport capacity, highlighting areas where reach-scale conditions would be most likely to promote deposition of coarse landslide sediment. Transport capacities decreased sharply over a reach about 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide and remained relatively low over the next 10 kilometers downstream. However, the magnitude of calculated transport capacities are large relative to the coarse sediment input from the landslide, suggesting that substantial deposition of landslide sediment was not likely to occur. These assessments were corroborated by observations of channel change, which indicated that the downstream channel response to the landslide was modest and short-lived. The most pronounced downstream effects included a wedge of aggradation just downstream of the landslide, about 1 meter high and extending a kilometer downstream, and a 0.3-meter pulse of aggradation observed 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide. In both locations, peak aggradation and channel response occurred within about a month of the landslide, and both sites had largely recovered to pre-landslide conditions by July 2014. No substantial channel change clearly linked to the landslide was observed after July 2014 except for a modest fining of surficial gravel size distributions and continued recovery and incision of the reach just downstream of the landslide.
The muted downstream response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 Landslide primarily can be attributed to the cohesive, silt- and clay-rich material that bounded most of the new channel. Although the river efficiently incised a new channel through the deposit, subsequent rates of lateral erosion were slowed by the tall, cohesive banks, limiting the total volume of sediment delivery. Once entrained, however, most landslide material was rapidly transported downstream in suspension with little geomorphic effect. Landslide material coarse enough to travel as bedload was predominantly sand and fine gravel, and sediment transport models and observations of downstream change indicated that the rate of coarse sediment delivery from the landslide did not exceed the rivers ability to transport that material. The generally muted downstream response to sediment delivery from the State Route 530 Landslide, as well as the mechanics of that delivery and response, were generally consistent with observations made following the intentional removal of constructed dams.
The rate and efficiency of erosion from the landslide decreased over the period of analysis, as the new channel approached a quasi-equilibrium form. In the absence of additional hillslope activity, rates of erosion from the landslide are likely to be small compared to those over the first 18 months after the landslide. The modest channel response to the highest rates of sediment delivery, and rapid recovery thereafter, indicate that the river should be able to convey the continued supply of landslide-derived sediment effectively with little effect on the downstream morphology and flood risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Administration and Snohomish County, Washington","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.W., Keith, M.K., Magirl, C.S., Wallick, J.R., Mastin, M.C., and Foreman, J.R., 2017, Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5055, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175055.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 85 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070334","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VH5M2S","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Surficial sediment data on the North Fork Stillaguamish River and State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington"},{"id":344574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T72FPK","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of the State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington, July 2014 to July 2015"},{"id":344572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5055/sir20175055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5055"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Oso","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4,\n 47.95\n ],\n [\n -121.35,\n 47.95\n ],\n [\n -121.35,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 47.95\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
To assess the change in the size of the eastern North American monarch butterfly summer population, studies have used long-term data sets of counts of adult butterflies or eggs per milkweed stem. Despite the observed decline in the monarch population as measured at overwintering sites in Mexico, these studies found no decline in summer counts in the Midwest, the core of the summer breeding range, leading to a suggestion that the cause of the monarch population decline is not the loss of Midwest agricultural milkweeds but increased mortality during the fall migration. Using these counts to estimate population size, however, does not account for the shift of monarch activity from agricultural fields to non-agricultural sites over the past 20 years, as a result of the loss of agricultural milkweeds due to the near-ubiquitous use of glyphosate herbicides. We present the counter-hypotheses that the proportion of the monarch population present in non-agricultural habitats, where counts are made, has increased and that counts reflect both population size and the proportion of the population observed. We use data on the historical change in the proportion of milkweeds, and thus monarch activity, in agricultural fields and non-agricultural habitats to show why using counts can produce misleading conclusions about population size. We then separate out the shifting proportion effect from the counts to estimate the population size and show that these corrected summer monarch counts show a decline over time and are correlated with the size of the overwintering population. In addition, we present evidence against the hypothesis of increased mortality during migration. The milkweed limitation hypothesis for monarch decline remains supported and conservation efforts focusing on adding milkweeds to the landscape in the summer breeding region have a sound scientific basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0181245","usgsCitation":"Pleasants, J., Zalucki, M.P., Oberhauser, K.S., Brower, L.P., Taylor, O.R., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2017, Interpreting surveys to estimate the size of the monarch butterfly population: Pitfalls and prospects: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 7, Article e0181245; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181245.","productDescription":"Article e0181245; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076480","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181245","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5982e4aae4b0e2f5d464b711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pleasants, John M.","contributorId":168616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pleasants","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":25341,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zalucki, Myron P.","contributorId":195450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zalucki","given":"Myron","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7031,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen S.","contributorId":195451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24577,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brower, Lincoln P.","contributorId":195452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brower","given":"Lincoln","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":34276,"text":"Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Orley R.","contributorId":191432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Orley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":28093,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190003,"text":"70190003 - 2017 - Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: 'All hands on deck'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-02T18:05:58","indexId":"70190003","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1326,"text":"Conservation Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: 'All hands on deck'","docAbstract":"The eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) has declined by >80% within the last two decades. One possible cause of this decline is the loss of ≥1.3 billion stems of milkweed (Asclepias spp.), which monarchs require for reproduction. In an effort to restore monarchs to a population goal established by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and adopted by Mexico, Canada, and the US, we developed scenarios for amending the Midwestern US landscape with milkweed. Scenarios for milkweed restoration were developed for protected area grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program land, powerline, rail and roadside rights of way, urban/suburban lands, and land in agricultural production. Agricultural land was further divided into productive and marginal cropland. We elicited expert opinion as to the biological potential (in stems per acre) for lands in these individual sectors to support milkweed restoration and the likely adoption (probability) of management practices necessary for affecting restoration. Sixteen of 218 scenarios we developed for restoring milkweed to the Midwestern US were at levels (>1.3 billion new stems) necessary to reach the monarch population goal. One of these scenarios would convert all marginal agriculture to conserved status. The other 15 scenarios converted half of marginal agriculture (730 million stems), with remaining stems contributed by other societal sectors. Scenarios without substantive agricultural participation were insufficient for attaining the population goal. Agricultural lands are essential to reaching restoration targets because they occupy 77% of all potential monarch habitat. Barring fundamental changes to policy, innovative application of economic tools such as habitat exchanges may provide sufficient resources to tip the balance of the agro-ecological landscape toward a setting conducive to both robust agricultural production and reduced imperilment of the migratory monarch butterfly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/aa7637","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Rohweder, J.J., Diffendorfer, J., Drum, R.G., Semmens, D.J., Black, S., Caldwell, I., Cotter, D., Drobney, P., Jackson, L.L., Gale, M., Helmers, D., Hilburger, S.B., Howard, E., Oberhauser, K.S., Pleasants, J., Semmens, B.X., Taylor, O.R., Ward, P., Weltzin, J., and Wiederholt, R., 2017, Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: 'All hands on deck': Conservation Letters, v. 12, Article 074005; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7637.","productDescription":"Article 074005; 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077663","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7637","text":"Publisher Index 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Laura","contributorId":149127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17654,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. 0000-0001-5131-9773 jrohweder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9773","contributorId":150539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drum, Ryan G.","contributorId":171941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drum","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 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Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cotter, Donita","contributorId":195436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotter","given":"Donita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Drobney, Pauline","contributorId":178447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobney","given":"Pauline","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jackson, Laura L.","contributorId":195437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":34268,"text":"University of Northern Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gale, Michael","contributorId":195438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Helmers, Doug","contributorId":195439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmers","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hilburger, Steven B. shilburger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilburger","given":"Steven","email":"shilburger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Howard, Elizabeth","contributorId":195440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34269,"text":"Journey North","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen S.","contributorId":195451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24577,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Pleasants, John M.","contributorId":168616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pleasants","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":25341,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Semmens, Brice X.","contributorId":149775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semmens","given":"Brice","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":17820,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Taylor, Orley R.","contributorId":168617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Orley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25342,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ward, Patrick","contributorId":195441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":195442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":137,"text":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":149125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70190009,"text":"70190009 - 2017 - Mechanisms associated with an advance in the timing of seasonal reproduction in an urban songbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-02T17:10:32","indexId":"70190009","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms associated with an advance in the timing of seasonal reproduction in an urban songbird","docAbstract":"The colonization of urban environments by animals is often accompanied by earlier breeding and associated changes in seasonal schedules. Accelerated timing of seasonal reproduction in derived urban populations is a potential cause of evolutionary divergence from ancestral populations if differences in physiological processes that regulate reproductive timing become fixed over time. We compared reproductive development in free-living and captive male dark-eyed juncos deriving from a population that recently colonized a city (~35 years) and ceased migrating to that of conspecifics that live in sympatry with the urban population during winter and spring but migrate elsewhere to breed. We predicted that the earlier breeding sedentary urban birds would exhibit accelerated reproductive development in the spring along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis as compared to migrants. We found that free-living sedentary urban and migrant juncos differed at the level of the pituitary when measured as baseline luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, but not in increased LH when challenged with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH). Among captives held in a common garden, and at the level of the gonad, we found that sedentary urban birds produced more testosterone in response to GnRH than migrants living in the same common environment, suggesting greater gonadal sensitivity in the derived urban population. Greater gonadal sensitivity could arise from greater upstream activation by LH or FSH or from reduced suppression of gonadal development by the adrenal axis. We compared abundance of gonadal transcripts for LH receptor (LHR), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the common-garden, predicting either more abundant transcripts for LHR and FSHR or fewer transcripts for GR and MR in the earlier breeding sedentary urban breeders, as compared to the migrants. We found no difference in the expression of these genes. Together these data suggest that advanced timing of reproduction in a recently derived urban population is facilitated by earlier increase in upstream baseline activity of the HPG and earlier release from gonadal suppression by yet-to-be-discovered mechanisms. Evolutionarily, our results suggest that potential for gene flow between seasonally sympatric populations may be limited due to urban-induced advances in the timing of reproduction and resulting allochrony with ancestral forms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2017.00085","usgsCitation":"Fudickar, A.M., Greives, T.J., Abolins-Abols, M., Atwell, J.W., Meddle, S.L., Friis, G., Stricker, C.A., and Ketterson, E.D., 2017, Mechanisms associated with an advance in the timing of seasonal reproduction in an urban songbird: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, Article 85; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00085.","productDescription":"Article 85; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-087350","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78P5Z1X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogen stable isotope data for: 'Mechanisms associated with an advance in the timing of seasonal reproduction in an urban songbird'."},{"id":344541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"La Jolla","otherGeospatial":"University of California-San Diego","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5982e4a9e4b0e2f5d464b709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fudickar, Adam M.","contributorId":195454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fudickar","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greives, Timothy J","contributorId":195455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greives","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":33953,"text":"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abolins-Abols, Mikas","contributorId":195456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abolins-Abols","given":"Mikas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20322,"text":"Department of Biology Indiana University, Bloomington, IN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwell, Jonathan W.","contributorId":168421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meddle, Simone L.","contributorId":195457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meddle","given":"Simone","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":33124,"text":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friis, Guillermo","contributorId":195458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friis","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34274,"text":"Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ketterson, Ellen D.","contributorId":168422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketterson","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188280,"text":"tm11B9 - 2017 - The National Map seamless digital elevation model specifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:24:17","indexId":"tm11B9","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-B9","title":"The National Map seamless digital elevation model specifications","docAbstract":"This specification documents the requirements and standards used to produce the seamless elevation layers for The National Map of the United States. Seamless elevation data are available for the conterminous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and the U.S. territories, in three different resolutions—1/3-arc-second, 1-arc-second, and 2-arc-second. These specifications include requirements and standards information about source data requirements, spatial reference system, distribution tiling schemes, horizontal resolution, vertical accuracy, digital elevation model surface treatment, georeferencing, data source and tile dates, distribution and supporting file formats, void areas, metadata, spatial metadata, and quality assurance and control.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B9","usgsCitation":"Archuleta, C.M., Constance, E.W., Arundel, S.T., Lowe, A.J., Mantey, K.S., and Phillips, L.A., 2017, The National Map seamless digital elevation model specifications: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B9, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B9.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083616","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b9/tm11B9.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 11–B–9"},{"id":344504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b9/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 9 of Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
This field trip will provide an introduction to several fascinating features of Mount St. Helens. The trip begins with a rigorous hike of about 15 km from the Johnston Ridge Observatory (9 km north-northeast of the crater vent), across the 1980 Pumice Plain, to Windy Ridge (3.6 km northeast of the crater vent) to examine features that document the dynamics and progressive emplacement of pyroclastic flows. The next day, we examine classic tephra outcrops of the past 3,900 years and observe changes in thickness and character of these deposits as we traverse their respective lobes. We examine clasts in the deposits and discuss how the petrology and geochemistry of Mount St. Helens deposits reveal the evolution of the magmatic system through time. We also investigate the stratigraphy of the 1980 blast deposit and review the chronology of this iconic eruption as we travel through the remains of the blown-down forest. The third day is another rigorous hike, about 13 km round trip, climbing from the base of Windy Ridge (elevation 1,240 m) to the front of the Crater Glacier (elevation 1,700 m). En route we examine basaltic andesite and basalt lava flows emplaced between 1,800 and 1,700 years before present, a heterolithologic flow deposit produced as the 1980 blast and debris avalanche interacted, debris-avalanche hummocks that are stranded on the north flank and in the crater mouth, and shattered dacite lava domes that were emplaced between 3,900 and 2,600 years before present. These domes underlie the northern part of the volcano. In addition, within the crater we traverse well-preserved pyroclastic-flow deposits that were emplaced on the crater floor during the summer of 1980, and a beautiful natural section through the 1980 deposits in the upper canyon of the Loowit River.
Before plunging into the field-trip log, we provide an overview of Mount St. Helens geology, geochemistry, petrology, and volcanology as background. The volcano has been referred to as a “master teacher.” The 1980 eruption and studies both before and after 1980 played a major role in the establishment of the modern U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and our understanding of flank collapses, debris avalanches, cryptodomes, blasts, pyroclastic density currents, and lahars, as well as the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022D","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Clynne, M.A., Wright, H.M., Van Eaton, A.R., Vallance, J.W., Sherrod, D.R., and Kokelaar, B.P., 2017, Field-trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington—An overview of the eruptive history and petrology, tephra deposits, 1980 pyroclastic density current deposits, and the crater: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–D, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022D.","productDescription":"x, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083888","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344540,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/d/sir20175022d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5022-D"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Saint Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.4\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 46.4\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The efficacy and residual toxicity of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) based ballast water treatment system (BWTS) were tested aboard the Great Lakes carrier M/V American Spiritin 1000 L mesocosms containing water from the ship's ballast tanks. NaOH was added to elevate the pH to 11.5 or 11.7 for 48 h, after which pH was reduced to < 9 before discharge by sparging with carbon dioxide to form sodium bicarbonate. In 4 trials, pH 11.7 NaOH BW was highly effective in reducing the densities of organisms relative to uptake water and met the ballast water discharge standards of the US Coast Guard (USCG), the US Environmental Protection Agency vessel general permit (USEPA VGP) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) G8 for the classes of regulated organisms: ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10 μm to < 50 μm and indicator bacteria < 10 μm. In addition, densities of heterotrophic bacteria were reduced > 96% in pH 11.7 treated discharge water relative to uptake densities. Seven day whole effluent toxicity tests indicated pH 11.7 NaOH BW met the USEPA VGP daily maximum criteria for residual toxicity. Organism densities in uptake water did not meet the minimum densities for IMO G8 shipboard test validity in 2 of 4 trials for organisms ≥ 10 μm to < 50 μm or in any trials for the < 10 μm size class. The high efficacy and low residual toxicity observed indicates that a NaOH BWTS has great potential for successfully treating large volumes of ballast water released into freshwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.004","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A., Mitchelmore, C.L., Wright, D., Henquinet, J.W., Welschmeyer, N., Flynn, C., and Watten, B.J., 2017, Efficacy and residual toxicity of a sodium hydroxide based ballast water treatment system for freshwater bulk freighters: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 4, p. 744-754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-080283","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc608e4b0f5d57878eb59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchelmore, Carys L.","contributorId":192158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchelmore","given":"Carys","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, David","contributorId":106758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henquinet, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":171741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henquinet","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welschmeyer, Nicholas","contributorId":192161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welschmeyer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flynn, Colin","contributorId":192162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flynn","given":"Colin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70198424,"text":"70198424 - 2017 - Identifying ecologically relevant scales of habitat selection: diel habitat selection in elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T14:37:55","indexId":"70198424","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T14:37:49","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying ecologically relevant scales of habitat selection: diel habitat selection in elk","docAbstract":"Although organisms make resource selection decisions at multiple spatiotemporal scales, not all scales are ecologically relevant to any given organism. Ecological patterns and rhythms such as behavioral and climatic patterns may provide a consistent method for identifying ecologically relevant scales of habitat selection. Using elk (Cervus canadensis) as an example species, we sought to test the ability of behavioral patterns to empirically partition diel scales for modeling habitat selection. We used model selection to partition diel scales by shifts in dominant behavior and then used resource selection probability functions to model elk habitat selection hierarchically at diel scales within seasons. Model selection distinguished four diel temporal partitions following elk crepuscular behavioral patterns: dawn, midday, dusk, and night. Across seasons, model‐averaged coefficients indicated that elk shifted from selecting grassland cover at dawn/dusk, to selecting for greater canopy and forest cover at midday, and then to areas with greater herbaceous biomass at night. Top models changed between diel intervals in spring and fall but stayed the same across diel intervals in winter and summer. In winter, elk selected for southern aspects during midday, for unburned areas at dawn/dusk, and for areas burned within 1–3 yr at dawn/dusk and night. In spring, elk selected for northern aspects and for areas burned within 1–3 yr at midday, for areas farther from roads at dawn/dusk and midday, and for areas farther from water at midday. In summer, elk changed diel preferences for fewer covariates: At dawn/dusk and midday, elk selected for areas farther from water and avoided forest cover, and at night, elk selected for areas burned within 1–3 yr. In fall, elk selected for areas burned the previous year at dawn/dusk and night, for higher elevations at midday, and for areas closer water at night. Using behavioral patterns to identify ecologically relevant scales can help identify overlooked habitat requirements such as diel changes in preference for fire history, forage availability, and cover. We show that the ecological relevancy of a given scale (e.g., a diel temporal scale) can change throughout a given extent (e.g., across seasons).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2013","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C.P., Cain, J.W., and Cox, R.D., 2017, Identifying ecologically relevant scales of habitat selection: diel habitat selection in elk: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2013.","productDescription":"e02013; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-085764","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.97662353515624,\n 35.50092819950358\n ],\n [\n -106.13754272460938,\n 35.50092819950358\n ],\n [\n -106.13754272460938,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -106.97662353515624,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -106.97662353515624,\n 35.50092819950358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc609e4b0f5d57878eb5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Caleb P. 0000-0002-8716-0423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-0423","contributorId":197604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Caleb","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Robert D.","contributorId":26240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198400,"text":"70198400 - 2017 - New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T10:54:06","indexId":"70198400","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T10:53:57","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites","docAbstract":"Forecasting earthquake and tsunami hazards along the southern Cascadia subduction zone is complicated by uncertainties in the amount of megathrust fault slip during past ruptures. Here, we estimate slip on hypothetical ruptures of the southern part of the megathrust through comparisons of late Holocene Cascadia earthquake histories derived from tsunami deposits on land and marine turbidites offshore. Bradley Lake in southern Oregon lies ~600 m landward of the shoreline and contains deposits from 12 tsunamis in the past 4600 years. Tsunami simulations that overtop the 6-m-high lake outlet, generated by ruptures with most slip south of Cape Blanco, require release of at least as much strain on the megathrust as would accumulate in 430–640 years (>15–22 m). Such high slip is inconsistent with global seismic data for a rupture ~300-km long and slip deficits over the past ~4700 years on the southern Cascadia subduction zone. Assuming slip deficits accumulated during the time intervals between marine turbidites, up to 8 of 12 tsunami inundations at the lake are predicted from a marine core site 170 km north of the lake (at Hydrate Ridge) compared to 4 of 12 when using a core site ~80 km south (at Rogue Apron). Longer time intervals between turbidites at Hydrate Ridge imply larger slip deficits compared to Rogue Apron. The different inundations predicted by the two records suggest that Hydrate Ridge records subduction ruptures that extend past both Rogue Apron and Bradley Lake. We also show how turbidite-based estimates of CSZ rupture length relate to tsunami source scenarios for probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments consistent with lake inundations over the last ~4600 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-017-2864-9","usgsCitation":"Priest, G.R., Witter, R., Zhang, Y.J., Goldfinger, C., Wang, K., and Allan, J.C., 2017, New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites: Natural Hazards, v. 88, no. 1, p. 285-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2864-9.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"313","ipdsId":"IP-086547","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/734","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -125.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -125.5,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc609e4b0f5d57878eb5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, George R.","contributorId":206646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Priest","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37367,"text":"Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Yinglong J.","contributorId":206647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yinglong","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37368,"text":"Center for Coastal Resources Management, VA Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfinger, Chris","contributorId":195634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldfinger","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":194791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allan, Jonathan C.","contributorId":118007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191925,"text":"70191925 - 2017 - Vegetation history since the last glacial maximum in the Ozark highlands (USA): A new record from Cupola Pond, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T13:49:10.226901","indexId":"70191925","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation history since the last glacial maximum in the Ozark highlands (USA): A new record from Cupola Pond, Missouri","docAbstract":"The timing and drivers of vegetation dynamics and formation of no-analog plant communities during the last deglaciation in the unglaciated southeastern US are poorly understood. We present a multi-proxy record spanning the past 19,800 years from Cupola Pond in the Ozarks Mountains, consisting of replicate high-resolution pollen records, 25 AMS radiocarbon dates, and macrofossil, charcoal, and coprophilous spore analyses. Full-glacial Pinus and Picea forests gave way to no-analog vegetation after 17,400 yr BP, followed by development of Quercus-dominated Holocene forests, with late Holocene rises in Pinus and Nyssa. Vegetation transitions, replicated in different cores, are closely linked to hemispheric climate events. Rising Quercus abundances coincide with increasing Northern Hemisphere temperatures and CO2 at 17,500 yr BP, declining Pinus and Picea at 14,500 yr BP are near the Bølling-Allerød onset, and rapid decline of Fraxinus and rise of Ostrya/Carpinus occur 12,700 yr BP during the Younger Dryas. The Cupola no-analog vegetation record is unusual for its early initiation (17,000 yr BP) and for its three vegetation zones, representing distinct rises of Fraxinus and Ostrya/Carpinus. Sporormiella was absent and sedimentary charcoal abundances were low throughout, suggesting that fire and megaherbivores were not locally important agents of disturbance and turnover. The Cupola record thus highlights the complexity of the late-glacial no-analog communities and suggests direct climatic regulation of their formation and disassembly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.024","usgsCitation":"Jones, R.A., Williams, J.W., and Jackson, S.T., 2017, Vegetation history since the last glacial maximum in the Ozark highlands (USA): A new record from Cupola Pond, Missouri: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 170, p. 174-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.024.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"187","ipdsId":"IP-080506","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Cupola Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.09690969045707,\n 36.80559507121448\n ],\n [\n -91.09690969045707,\n 36.79505053532908\n ],\n [\n -91.0801260704634,\n 36.79505053532908\n ],\n [\n -91.0801260704634,\n 36.80559507121448\n ],\n [\n -91.09690969045707,\n 36.80559507121448\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b994e4b05fe04cd65c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Rachel A.","contributorId":197555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John W.","contributorId":16761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191550,"text":"70191550 - 2017 - Systems approaches for coastal hazard assessment and resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T13:41:32","indexId":"70191550","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Systems approaches for coastal hazard assessment and resilience","docAbstract":"The framework presented herein supports a changing paradigm in the approaches used by coastal researchers, engineers, and social scientists to model the impacts of climate change and sea level rise (SLR) in particular along low-gradient coastal landscapes. Use of a System of Systems (SoS) approach to the coastal dynamics of SLR is encouraged to capture the nonlinear feedbacks and dynamic responses of the bio-geo-physical coastal environment to SLR, while assessing the social, economic, and ecologic impacts. The SoS approach divides the coastal environment into smaller subsystems such as morphology, ecology, and hydrodynamics. Integrated models are used to assess the dynamic responses of subsystems to SLR; these models account for complex interactions and feedbacks among individual systems, which provides a more comprehensive evaluation of the future of the coastal system as a whole. Results from the integrated models can be used to inform economic services valuations, in which economic activity is connected back to bio-geo-physical changes in the environment due to SLR by identifying changes in the coastal subsystems, linking them to the understanding of the economic system and assessing the direct and indirect impacts to the economy. These assessments can be translated from scientific data to application through various stakeholder engagement mechanisms, which provide useful feedback for accountability as well as benchmarks and diagnostic insights for future planning. This allows regional and local coastal managers to create more comprehensive policies to reduce the risks associated with future SLR and enhance coastal resilience.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.28","usgsCitation":"Hagen, S.C., Passeri, D., Bilskie, M.V., DeLorme, D.E., and Yoskowitz, D., 2017, Systems approaches for coastal hazard assessment and resilience, chap. of Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.28.","productDescription":"28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084210","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb74e4b06e28e9c230cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagen, Scott C.","contributorId":166890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilskie, Matthew V.","contributorId":166891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilskie","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLorme, Denise E.","contributorId":197164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLorme","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoskowitz, David","contributorId":197165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoskowitz","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191708,"text":"70191708 - 2017 - Connecting crustal seismicity and earthquake-driven stress evolution in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T16:10:42","indexId":"70191708","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connecting crustal seismicity and earthquake-driven stress evolution in Southern California","docAbstract":"Tectonic stress in the crust evolves during a seismic cycle, with slow stress accumulation over interseismic periods, episodic stress steps at the time of earthquakes, and transient stress readjustment during a postseismic period that may last months to years. Static stress transfer to surrounding faults has been well documented to alter regional seismicity rates over both short and long time scales. While static stress transfer is instantaneous and long lived, postseismic stress transfer driven by viscoelastic relaxation of the ductile lower crust and mantle leads to additional, slowly varying stress perturbations. Both processes may be tested by comparing a decade-long record of regional seismicity to predicted time-dependent seismicity rates based on a stress evolution model that includes viscoelastic stress transfer. Here we explore crustal stress evolution arising from the seismic cycle in Southern California from 1981 to 2014 using five M≥6.5 source quakes: the M7.3 1992 Landers, M6.5 1992 Big Bear, M6.7 1994 Big Bear, M7.1 1999 Hector Mine, and M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquakes. We relate the stress readjustment in the surrounding crust generated by each quake to regional seismicity using rate-and-state friction theory. Using a log likelihood approach, we quantify the potential to trigger seismicity of both static and viscoelastic stress transfer, finding that both processes have systematically shaped the spatial pattern of Southern California seismicity since 1992.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017JB014200","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Cattania, C., 2017, Connecting crustal seismicity and earthquake-driven stress evolution in Southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 8, p. 6473-6490, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014200.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"6473","endPage":"6490","ipdsId":"IP-083347","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014200","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa6e4b0220bbd988f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cattania, Camilla 0000-0003-0031-1696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-1696","contributorId":197284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cattania","given":"Camilla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192043,"text":"70192043 - 2017 - Mapping tree density in forests of the southwestern USA using Landsat 8 data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T15:47:41","indexId":"70192043","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tree density in forests of the southwestern USA using Landsat 8 data","docAbstract":"The increase of tree density in forests of the American Southwest promotes extreme fire events, understory biodiversity losses, and degraded habitat conditions for many wildlife species. To ameliorate these changes, managers and scientists have begun planning treatments aimed at reducing fuels and increasing understory biodiversity. However, spatial variability in tree density across the landscape is not well-characterized, and if better known, could greatly influence planning efforts. We used reflectance values from individual Landsat 8 bands (bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and calculated vegetation indices (difference vegetation index, simple ratios, and normalized vegetation indices) to estimate tree density in an area planned for treatment in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, characterized by multiple vegetation types and a complex topography. Because different vegetation types have different spectral signatures, we derived models with multiple predictor variables for each vegetation type, rather than using a single model for the entire project area, and compared the model-derived values to values collected from on-the-ground transects. Among conifer-dominated areas (73% of the project area), the best models (as determined by corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc)) included Landsat bands 2, 3, 4, and 7 along with simple ratios, normalized vegetation indices, and the difference vegetation index (R2 values for ponderosa: 0.47, piñon-juniper: 0.52, and spruce-fir: 0.66). On the other hand, in aspen-dominated areas (9% of the project area), the best model included individual bands 4 and 2, simple ratio, and normalized vegetation index (R2 value: 0.97). Most areas dominated by ponderosa, pinyon-juniper, or spruce-fir had more than 100 trees per hectare. About 54% of the study area has medium to high density of trees (100–1000 trees/hectare), and a small fraction (4.5%) of the area has very high density (>1000 trees/hectare). Our results provide a better understanding of tree density for identifying areas in need of treatment and planning for more effective treatment. Our analysis also provides an integrated method of estimating tree density across complex landscapes that could be useful for further restoration planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f8080287","usgsCitation":"Humagain, K., Portillo-Quintero, C., Cox, R.D., and Cain, J.W., 2017, Mapping tree density in forests of the southwestern USA using Landsat 8 data: Forests, v. 8, no. 8, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080287.","productDescription":"Article 287; 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-087221","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.78092956542969,\n 35.621023736228004\n ],\n [\n -106.40396118164062,\n 35.621023736228004\n ],\n [\n -106.40396118164062,\n 36.00134056648952\n ],\n [\n -106.78092956542969,\n 36.00134056648952\n ],\n [\n -106.78092956542969,\n 35.621023736228004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a5e4b0220bbd9d9f44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humagain, Kamal","contributorId":198375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humagain","given":"Kamal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portillo-Quintero, Carlos","contributorId":198384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portillo-Quintero","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Robert D.","contributorId":26240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192203,"text":"70192203 - 2017 - Managed aquifer recharge through off-season irrigation in agricultural regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T11:58:54","indexId":"70192203","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managed aquifer recharge through off-season irrigation in agricultural regions","docAbstract":"Options for increasing reservoir storage in developed regions are limited and prohibitively expensive. Projected increases in demand call for new long-term water storage to help sustain agriculture, municipalities, industry, and ecological services. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is becoming an integral component of water resources around the world. However, MAR faces challenges, including infrastructure costs, difficulty in enhancing recharge, water quality issues, and lack of available water supplies. Here we examine, through simulation modeling of a hypothetical agricultural subbasin in the western U.S., the potential of agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag-MAR) via canal seepage and off-season field irrigation. Weather phenomenon in many regions around the world exhibit decadal and other multiyear cycles of extreme precipitation. An ongoing challenge is to develop approaches to store greater amounts of water during these events. Simulations presented herein incorporate Ag-MAR programs and demonstrate that there is potential to enhance regional recharge by 7–13%, increase crop consumptive use by 9–12%, and increase natural vegetation consumption by 20–30%, where larger relative increases occur for lower aquifer hydraulic conductivity and higher specific yield values. Annual increases in groundwater levels were 7 m, and sustained levels following several years of drought were greater than 2 m. Results demonstrate that Ag-MAR has great potential to enhance long-term sustainability of water resources in agricultural basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020458","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R.G., Morway, E.D., Triana, E., and Huntington, J., 2017, Managed aquifer recharge through off-season irrigation in agricultural regions: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 8, p. 6970-6992, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020458.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"6970","endPage":"6992","ipdsId":"IP-087681","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr020458","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa5e4b0220bbd988f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triana, Enrique","contributorId":169532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triana","given":"Enrique","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25556,"text":"MWH Global, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Justin L.","contributorId":31279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192610,"text":"70192610 - 2017 - Empirical estimation of recreational exploitation of burbot, Lota lota, in the Wind River drainage of Wyoming using a multistate capture–recapture model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:32:56","indexId":"70192610","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Empirical estimation of recreational exploitation of burbot, Lota lota, in the Wind River drainage of Wyoming using a multistate capture–recapture model","title":"Empirical estimation of recreational exploitation of burbot, Lota lota, in the Wind River drainage of Wyoming using a multistate capture–recapture model","docAbstract":"Burbot, Lota lota (Linnaeus), is a regionally popular sportfish in the Wind River drainage of Wyoming, USA, at the southern boundary of the range of the species. Recent declines in burbot abundances were hypothesised to be caused by overexploitation, entrainment in irrigation canals and habitat loss. This study addressed the overexploitation hypothesis using tagging data to generate reliable exploitation, abundance and density estimates from a multistate capture–recapture model that accounted for incomplete angler reporting and tag loss. Exploitation rate μ was variable among the study lakes and inversely correlated with density. Exploitation thresholds μ40 associated with population densities remaining above 40% of carrying capacity were generated to characterise risk of overharvest using exploitation and density estimates from tagging data and a logistic surplus-production model parameterised with data from other burbot populations. Bull Lake (μ = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.11; μ40 = 0.18) and Torrey Lake (μ = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00–0.11; μ40 = 0.18) had a low risk of overfishing, Upper Dinwoody Lake had intermediate risk (μ = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.32; μ40 = 0.18) and Lower Dinwoody Lake had high risk (μ = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10–0.67; μ40 = 0.08). These exploitation and density estimates can be used to guide sustainable management of the Wind River drainage recreational burbot fishery and inform management of other burbot fisheries elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12226","usgsCitation":"Lewandoski, S., Guy, C.S., Zale, A.V., Gerrity, P.C., Deromedi, J.W., Johnson, K.M., and Skates, D.L., 2017, Empirical estimation of recreational exploitation of burbot, Lota lota, in the Wind River drainage of Wyoming using a multistate capture–recapture model: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 298-307, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12226.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-076704","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","volume":"24","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8cae4b09af898c86108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewandoski, S. A.","contributorId":200246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandoski","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerrity, Paul C.","contributorId":104198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerrity","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deromedi, J. W.","contributorId":200247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deromedi","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, K. M.","contributorId":23513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skates, D. L.","contributorId":200248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skates","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192707,"text":"70192707 - 2017 - Parental care mitigates carry-over effects of poor early conditions on offspring growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:33:09","indexId":"70192707","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parental care mitigates carry-over effects of poor early conditions on offspring growth","docAbstract":"Poor developmental conditions can have long-lasting negative effects on offspring phenotypes, but impacts often differ among species. Contrasting responses may reflect disparities in experimental protocols among single-species studies or inherent differences among species in their sensitivity to early conditions and/or ability to mitigate negative impacts. We used a common experimental protocol to assess and compare the role of parental care in mitigating effects of poor early conditions on offspring among 4 sympatric bird species in the wild. We experimentally induced low incubation temperatures and examined effects on embryonic developmental rates, hatching success, nestling growth rates, and parental responses. We examined the generality of these effects across 4 species that differ in their phylogenetic history, breeding ecology, and life histories. We found that cooling led to delayed hatching in all species, but carry-over effects on offspring differed among species. Parents of some but not all species increased their offspring provisioning rates in response to experimental cooling with critical benefits for offspring growth rates. Our study shows for the first time that species exhibit clear differences in the degree to which they are affected by poor early conditions. Observed differences among species demonstrate that parental care is a critical mechanism for mitigating potential negative effects on offspring and suggest that parental responses may be constrained to varying degrees by ecology and life histories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arx082","usgsCitation":"Auer, S.K., and Martin, T.E., 2017, Parental care mitigates carry-over effects of poor early conditions on offspring growth: Behavioral Ecology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1176-1182, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx082.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1176","endPage":"1182","ipdsId":"IP-069790","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425b5e4b0dc0b45b4533a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auer, Sonya K.","contributorId":74267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auer","given":"Sonya","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192595,"text":"70192595 - 2017 - Characterizing meteorological and hydrologic conditions associated with shallow landslide initiation in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:24:14","indexId":"70192595","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterizing meteorological and hydrologic conditions associated with shallow landslide initiation in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Meteorological and hydrologic conditions associated with shallow landslide initiation in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey remain undocumented despite a history of damaging slope movement extending back to at least 1903. This study applies an empirical approach to quantify the rainfall conditions leading to shallow landsliding based on analysis of overlapping historical precipitation data and records of landslide occurrence, and uses continuous monitoring to quantify antecedent soil moisture and hydrologic response to rainfall events at two failure-prone hillslopes. Analysis of historical rainfall data reveals that both extended duration and cumulative rainfall amounts are critical characteristics of many landslide-inducing storms, and is consistent with current monitoring results that show notable increases in shallow soil moisture and pore-water pressure in continuous rainfall periods. Monitoring results show that shallow groundwater levels and soil moisture increase from annual lows in late summer-early fall to annual highs in late winter-early spring, and historical data indicate that shallow landslides occur most commonly from tropical cyclones in late summer through fall and nor’easters in spring. Based on this seasonality, we derived two provisional rainfall thresholds using a limited dataset of documented landslides and rainfall conditions for each season and storm type. A lower threshold for landslide initiation in spring corresponds with high antecedent moisture conditions, and higher rainfall amounts are required to induce shallow landslides during the drier soil moisture conditions in late summer-early fall.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Landslides: Putting Experience, Knowledge and Emerging Technologies into Practice:Special Publication 27","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd North American Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"June 4–8, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Roanoke, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists (AEG)","isbn":"978-0-9897253-7-8","usgsCitation":"Ashland, F., Fiore, A.R., and Reilly, P.A., 2017, Characterizing meteorological and hydrologic conditions associated with shallow landslide initiation in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, in Landslides: Putting Experience, Knowledge and Emerging Technologies into Practice:Special Publication 27, Roanoke, VA, June 4–8, 2017, p. 461-472.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"472","ipdsId":"IP-081612","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.349683979095545\n ],\n [\n -73.95584106445312,\n 40.349683979095545\n ],\n [\n -73.95584106445312,\n 40.42499671108253\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.42499671108253\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.349683979095545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb74e4b06e28e9c230cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"De Graff, Jerome V.","contributorId":195393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Graff","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722952,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shakoor, Abdul","contributorId":200638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shakoor","given":"Abdul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722953,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ashland, Francis 0000-0001-9948-0195 fashland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-0195","contributorId":198587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashland","given":"Francis","email":"fashland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiore, Alex R. 0000-0002-0986-5225 afiore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-5225","contributorId":4977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiore","given":"Alex","email":"afiore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192890,"text":"70192890 - 2017 - Variation and plasticity and their interaction with urbanization in Guadalupe Bass populations on and off the Edwards Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T11:56:26","indexId":"70192890","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Variation and plasticity and their interaction with urbanization in Guadalupe Bass populations on and off the Edwards Plateau","docAbstract":"The Colorado River Basin in Texas has experienced major alterations to its hydrologic regime due to changing land and water use patterns. These anthropogenic influences on hydrologic variability have had major implications for riparian and aquatic ecosystems and the species dependent upon them. However, impacts are often assessed at a limited temporal and spatial scale, tending to focus on relatively short and discrete periods or portions of a river basin. It is not clear how basin-wide alterations occurring over decades affect species. Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii are endemic to central Texas and are typically associated with shallow runs and riffles in small streams. However, Guadalupe Bass are found throughout the Colorado River Basin, including the mainstem portion of the lower river downstream of the city of Austin where they support a popular fishery. Because Guadalupe Bass exist across a wide range of stream orders within the basin, it is unclear whether populations respond similarly to anthropogenic disturbances or to conservation and restoration activities. Therefore, our objectives were to:
Results contribute to an understanding of the response of Guadalupe Bass to anthropogenic disturbances, including increased urbanization in central Texas and further assist in the conservation of the species. The ability of the population to not only persist, but flourish downstream of a heavily populated urban area presented a unique opportunity to investigate a native species response to anthropogenic disturbance. This research revealed differences in Guadalupe Bass habitat associations and movements, contrasts in age and growth, and morphological variation across a gradient of disturbance throughout the Colorado River Basin. Results of this work provide information on the potential effects of human population growth and increased water withdrawals on Guadalupe Bass populations. Additionally, this work adds to an understanding of the unique Guadalupe Bass population found in the lower Colorado River and how it differs from upstream tributary populations. Gathering additional population-level information facilitates conservation actions critical to preserving preferred habitat and promoting growth rates for Guadalupe Bass in streams of different sizes and flow conditions while highlighting interpopulation differences that may warrant consideration for stocking programs and other management strategies. Key findings of this study were:
The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was introduced to California in 1900 and spread rapidly as a sylvatic disease of mammalian hosts and flea vectors, invading the Great Plains in the United States by the 1930s to 1940s. In grassland ecosystems, plague causes periodic, devastating epizootics in colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), sciurid rodents that create and maintain subterranean burrows. In doing so, plague inhibits prairie dogs from functioning as keystone species of grassland communities. The rate at which fleas transmit Y. pestis is thought to increase when fleas are abundant. Flea densities can increase during droughts when vegetative production is reduced and herbivorous prairie dogs are malnourished and have weakened defenses against fleas. Epizootics of plague have erupted frequently in prairie dogs during years in which precipitation was plentiful, and the accompanying cool temperatures might have facilitated the rate at which fleas transmitted Y. pestis. Together these observations evoke the hypothesis that transitions from dry-to-wet years provide conditions for plague epizootics in prairie dogs. Using generalized linear models, we analyzed a 24-year dataset on the occurrence of plague epizootics in 42 colonies of prairie dogs from Colorado, USA, 1982–2005. Of the 33 epizootics observed, 52% erupted during years with increased precipitation in summer. For the years with increased summer precipitation, if precipitation in the prior growing season declined from the maximum of 502 mm to the minimum of 200 mm, the prevalence of plague epizootics was predicted to increase 3-fold. Thus, reduced precipitation may have predisposed prairie dogs to plague epizootics when moisture returned. Biologists sometimes assume dry conditions are detrimental for plague. However, 48% of epizootics occurred during years in which precipitation was scarce in summer. In some cases, an increased abundance of fleas during dry years might compensate for other conditions that become less favorable for plague transmission. Global warming is forecasted to amplify the hydrological cycle in the Great Plains, causing an increased occurrence of prolonged droughts interceded by brief periods of intense precipitation. Results herein suggest these changes might affect plague cycles in prairie dogs. Both negative and positive consequences of dry conditions should be considered when managing plague.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21281","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., and Biggins, D.E., 2017, Paltry past-precipitation: Predisposing prairie dogs to plague?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 81, no. 6, p. 990-998, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21281.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"998","ipdsId":"IP-086521","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71G0K17","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Occurrence of plague epizootics in colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs, Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado, 1982-2005"},{"id":349075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb74e4b06e28e9c230b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David deads@usgs.gov","contributorId":200549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":722638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}