We present evidence of 11–14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 b.c. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all evidence of ground deformation, which are called “event indicators.” Event indicator quality reflects our confidence that the morphologic and sedimentologic evidence can be attributable to a ground-deforming earthquake and that the earthquake horizon is accurately identified by the morphology of the feature. In four vertical meters of section exposed in ten trenches, we document 316 event indicators attributable to 32 separate stratigraphic horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is evaluated based on the sum of rank (Rs), maximum rank (Rm), average rank (Ra), number of observations (Obs), and sum of higher-quality event indicators (Rs>1). Of the 32 stratigraphic horizons, 14 contain 83% of the event indicators and are qualified based on the number and quality of event indicators; the remaining 18 do not have satisfactory evidence for further consideration. Eleven of the 14 stratigraphic horizons have sufficient number and quality of event indicators to be qualified as “probable” to “very likely” earthquakes; the remaining three stratigraphic horizons are associated with somewhat ambiguous features and are qualified as “possible” earthquakes. Although no single measurement defines an obvious threshold for designation as an earthquake horizon, Rs, Rm, and Rs>1 correlate best with the interpreted earthquake quality. Earthquake age distributions are determined from radiocarbon ages of peat samples using a Bayesian approach to layer dating. The average recurrence interval for the 10 consecutive and highest-quality earthquakes is 111 (93–131) years and individual intervals are ±50% of the average. With comparison with the previously published 14–15 earthquake record between a.d. 500 and present, we find no evidence to suggest significant variations in the average recurrence rate at Wrightwood during the past 5000 years.
[1] Earthquake occurrence probabilities that account for stress transfer and time-dependent failure depend on the product of the effective normal stress and a lab-derived dimensionless coefficient a. This coefficient describes the instantaneous dependence of fault strength on deformation rate, and determines the duration of precursory slip. Although an instantaneous rate dependence is observed for fracture, friction, crack growth, and low temperature plasticity in laboratory experiments, the physical origin of this effect during earthquake faulting is obscure. We examine this rate dependence in laboratory experiments on different rock types using a normalization scheme modified from one proposed by Tullis and Weeks [1987]. We compare the instantaneous rate dependence in rock friction with rate dependence measurements from higher temperature dislocation glide experiments. The same normalization scheme is used to compare rate dependence in friction to rock fracture and to low-temperature crack growth tests. For particular weak phyllosilicate minerals, the instantaneous friction rate dependence is consistent with dislocation glide. In intact rock failure tests, for each rock type considered, the instantaneous rate dependence is the same size as for friction, suggesting a common physical origin. During subcritical crack growth in strong quartzofeldspathic and carbonate rock where glide is not possible, the instantaneous rate dependence measured during failure or creep tests at high stress has long been thought to be due to crack growth; however, direct comparison between crack growth and friction tests shows poor agreement. The crack growth rate dependence appears to be higher than the rate dependence of friction and fracture by a factor of two to three for all rock types considered.
As populations grow in arid climates and desert bedrock aquifers are increasingly targeted for future development, understanding and quantifying the spatial variability of net infiltration becomes critically important for accurately inventorying water resources and mapping contamination vulnerability. This paper presents a conceptual model of net infiltration to desert sandstone and then develops an empirical equation for its spatial quantification at the watershed scale using linear least squares inversion methods for evaluating controlling parameters (independent variables) based on estimated net infiltration rates (dependent variables). Net infiltration rates used for this regression analysis were calculated from environmental tracers in boreholes and more than 3000 linear meters of vadose zone excavations in an upland basin in southwestern Utah underlain by Navajo sandstone. Soil coarseness, distance to upgradient outcrop, and topographic slope were shown to be the primary physical parameters controlling the spatial variability of net infiltration. Although the method should be transferable to other desert sandstone settings for determining the relative spatial distribution of net infiltration, further study is needed to evaluate the effects of other potential parameters such as slope aspect, outcrop parameters, and climate on absolute net infiltration rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005113","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., McKinney, T., Zhdanov, M.S., and Watt, D.E., 2007, Controls on the variability of net infiltration to desert sandstone: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 7, Article W07431; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005113.","productDescription":"Article W07431; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd5e4b0c8380cd4dfc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Tim S.","contributorId":66792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Tim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhdanov, Michael S.","contributorId":37955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhdanov","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Dennis E.","contributorId":55286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030720,"text":"70030720 - 2007 - Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030720","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits","docAbstract":"Equipment used in intensive aquaculture systems, such as pumps and blowers can produce underwater sound levels and frequencies within the range of fish hearing. The impacts of underwater noise on fish are not well known, but limited research suggests that subjecting fish to noise could result in impairment of the auditory system, reduced growth rates, and increased stress. Consequently, reducing sound in fish tanks could result in advantages for cultured species and increased productivity for the aquaculture industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the noise reduction potential of various retrofits to fiberglass fish culture tanks. The following structural changes were applied to tanks to reduce underwater noise: (1) inlet piping was suspended to avoid contact with the tank, (2) effluent piping was disconnected from a common drain line, (3) effluent piping was insulated beneath tanks, and (4) tanks were elevated on cement blocks and seated on insulated padding. Four combinations of the aforementioned structural changes were evaluated in duplicate and two tanks were left unchanged as controls. Control tanks had sound levels of 120.6 dB re 1 ??Pa. Each retrofit contributed to a reduction of underwater sound. As structural changes were combined, a cumulative reduction in sound level was observed. Tanks designed with a combination of retrofits had sound levels of 108.6 dB re 1 ??Pa, a four-fold reduction in sound pressure level. Sound frequency spectra indicated that the greatest sound reductions occurred between 2 and 100 Hz and demonstrated that nearby pumps and blowers created tonal frequencies that were transmitted into the tanks. The tank modifications used during this study were simple and inexpensive and could be applied to existing systems or considered when designing aquaculture facilities. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Davidson, J., Frankel, A., Ellison, W., Summerfelt, S., Popper, A., Mazik, P., and Bebak, J., 2007, Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 37, no. 2, p. 125-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003.","startPage":"125","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476994,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212164,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5afee4b0c8380cd6f265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, J.","contributorId":107100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A.S.","contributorId":30821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, W.T.","contributorId":31203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Summerfelt, S.","contributorId":46051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Popper, A.N.","contributorId":15010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popper","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazik, P.","contributorId":22145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bebak, J.","contributorId":31704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bebak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030719,"text":"70030719 - 2007 - Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030719","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991-2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from 20 to 270 L/s (median 92 L/s) and water quality that was consistently suboxic (median 0.9 mg/L O2) and circumneutral (pH ??? 6.0; net alkalinity >10) with moderate concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese and low concentrations of dissolved aluminum (medians of 11, 2.2, and <0.2 mg/L, respectively). In 2001, the laboratory aeration experiment demonstrated rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe 2+) without supplemental alkalinity; the initial Fe2+ concentration of 16.4 mg/L decreased to less than 0.5 mg/L within 24 h; pH values increased rapidly from 5.8 to 7.2, ultimately attaining a steady-state value of 7.5. The increased pH coincided with a rapid decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) from an initial value of 10 -1.1atm to a steady-state value of 10-3.1atm. From these results, a staged aerobic treatment system was conceptualized consisting of a 2 m deep pond with innovative aeration and recirculation to promote rapid oxidation of Fe2+, two 0.3 m deep wetlands to facilitate iron solids removal, and a supplemental oxic limestone drain for dissolved manganese and trace-metal removal. The system was constructed, but without the aeration mechanism, and began operation in June 2005. During the first 12 months of operation, estimated detention times in the treatment system ranged from 9 to 38 h. However, in contrast with 80-100% removal of Fe2+ over similar elapsed times during the laboratory aeration experiment, the treatment system typically removed less than 35% of the influent Fe2+. Although concentrations of dissolved CO2 decreased progressively within the treatment system, the PCO2 values for treated effluent remained elevated (10-2.4 to 10-1.7atm). The elevated PCO 2 maintained the pH within the system at values less than 7 and hence slowed the rate of Fe2+ oxidation compared to the aeration experiment. Kinetic models of Fe2+ oxidation that consider effects of pH and dissolved O2 were incorporated in the geochemical computer program PHREEQC to evaluate the effects of detention time, pH, and other variables on Fe2+ oxidation and removal rates. These models and the laboratory aeration experiment indicate that performance of this and other aerobic wetlands for treatment of net-alkaline AMD could be improved by aggressive, continuous aeration in the initial stage to decrease PCO 2, increase pH, and accelerate Fe2+ oxidation. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2007, Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 26, no. 3, p. 128-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8.","startPage":"128","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8"},{"id":239574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7576e4b0c8380cd77b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030579,"text":"70030579 - 2007 - Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030579","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection","docAbstract":"A hydrological analysis using a numerical simulation was done to identify the transient response of the salinity and temperature of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and utilize the results to guide data collection. Results indicate that the amount of SGD fluctuates depending on the ocean stage and geology, with the greatest amount of SGD delivered at low tide when the aquifer is in direct hydraulic contact with the ocean. The salinity of SGD remains lower than the ocean throughout the year; however, the salinity difference between the aquifer and ocean is inversely proportional to the ocean stage. The temperature difference between the ocean and SGD fluctuates seasonally, with the greatest temperature differences occurring in summer and winter. The outcome of this research reveals that numerical modelling could potentially be used to guide data collection including aerial surveys using electromagnetic (EM) resistivity and thermal imagery.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Dausman, A., Langevin, C., and Sukop, M., 2007, Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 272-280.","startPage":"272","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9098e4b08c986b3195c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dausman, A.M.","contributorId":99373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030354,"text":"70030354 - 2007 - Red-shouldered hawk occupancy surveys in central Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030354","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Red-shouldered hawk occupancy surveys in central Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Forest-dwelling raptors are often difficult to detect because many species occur at low density or are secretive. Broadcasting conspecific vocalizations can increase the probability of detecting forest-dwelling raptors and has been shown to be an effective method for locating raptors and assessing their relative abundance. Recent advances in statistical techniques based on presence-absence data use probabilistic arguments to derive probability of detection when it is <1 and to provide a model and likelihood-based method for estimating proportion of sites occupied. We used these maximum-likelihood models with data from red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) call-broadcast surveys conducted in central Minnesota, USA, in 1994-1995 and 2004-2005. Our objectives were to obtain estimates of occupancy and detection probability 1) over multiple sampling seasons (yr), 2) incorporating within-season time-specific detection probabilities, 3) with call type and breeding stage included as covariates in models of probability of detection, and 4) with different sampling strategies. We visited individual survey locations 2-9 times per year, and estimates of both probability of detection (range = 0.28-0.54) and site occupancy (range = 0.81-0.97) varied among years. Detection probability was affected by inclusion of a within-season time-specific covariate, call type, and breeding stage. In 2004 and 2005 we used survey results to assess the effect that number of sample locations, double sampling, and discontinued sampling had on parameter estimates. We found that estimates of probability of detection and proportion of sites occupied were similar across different sampling strategies, and we suggest ways to reduce sampling effort in a monitoring program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-013","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Henneman, C., McLeod, M., and Andersen, D., 2007, Red-shouldered hawk occupancy surveys in central Minnesota, USA: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 526-533, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-013.","startPage":"526","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-013"},{"id":239338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3a0e4b0e8fec6cdb8de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henneman, C.","contributorId":64879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLeod, M.A.","contributorId":66437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030210,"text":"70030210 - 2007 - Generating an image of dispersive energy by frequency decomposition and slant stacking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030210","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generating an image of dispersive energy by frequency decomposition and slant stacking","docAbstract":"We present a new algorithm for calculating an image of dispersive energy in the frequency-velocity (f-v) domain. The frequency decomposition is first applied to a shot gather in the offset-time domain to stretch impulsive data into pseudo-vibroseis data or frequency-swept data. Because there is a deterministic relationship between frequency and time in a sweep used in the frequency decomposition, the first step theoretically completes the transform from time to frequency. The slant stacking is then performed on the frequency-swept data to complete the transform from offset to velocity. This simple two-step algorithm generates an image of dispersive energy in the f-v domain. The straightforward transform only uses offset information of data so that this algorithm can be applied to data acquired with arbitrary geophone-acquisition geometry. Examples of synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that this algorithm generates accurate images of dispersive energy of the fundamental as well as higher modes. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-007-0204-9","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Xu, Y., and Miller, R., 2007, Generating an image of dispersive energy by frequency decomposition and slant stacking: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 164, no. 5, p. 941-956, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0204-9.","startPage":"941","endPage":"956","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0204-9"}],"volume":"164","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a154ee4b0c8380cd54d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030209,"text":"70030209 - 2007 - Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits II: S-language software for nonparametric distribution modeling and hypothesis testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030209","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits II: S-language software for nonparametric distribution modeling and hypothesis testing","docAbstract":"Analysis of low concentrations of trace contaminants in environmental media often results in left-censored data that are below some limit of analytical precision. Interpretation of values becomes complicated when there are multiple detection limits in the data-perhaps as a result of changing analytical precision over time. Parametric and semi-parametric methods, such as maximum likelihood estimation and robust regression on order statistics, can be employed to model distributions of multiply censored data and provide estimates of summary statistics. However, these methods are based on assumptions about the underlying distribution of data. Nonparametric methods provide an alternative that does not require such assumptions. A standard nonparametric method for estimating summary statistics of multiply-censored data is the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method. This method has seen widespread usage in the medical sciences within a general framework termed \"survival analysis\" where it is employed with right-censored time-to-failure data. However, K-M methods are equally valid for the left-censored data common in the geosciences. Our S-language software provides an analytical framework based on K-M methods that is tailored to the needs of the earth and environmental sciences community. This includes routines for the generation of empirical cumulative distribution functions, prediction or exceedance probabilities, and related confidence limits computation. Additionally, our software contains K-M-based routines for nonparametric hypothesis testing among an unlimited number of grouping variables. A primary characteristic of K-M methods is that they do not perform extrapolation and interpolation. Thus, these routines cannot be used to model statistics beyond the observed data range or when linear interpolation is desired. For such applications, the aforementioned parametric and semi-parametric methods must be used.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.09.006","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2007, Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits II: S-language software for nonparametric distribution modeling and hypothesis testing: Computers & Geosciences, v. 33, no. 5, p. 696-704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.09.006.","startPage":"696","endPage":"704","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.09.006"},{"id":239259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9716e4b08c986b31b891","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030203,"text":"70030203 - 2007 - Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T11:19:17.056569","indexId":"70030203","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks","docAbstract":"Mount Veniaminof volcano, Alaska Peninsula, provides an opportunity to relate Quaternary volcanic rocks to a coeval intrusive complex. Veniaminof erupted tholeiitic basalt through dacite in the past ∼260 k.y. Gabbro, diorite, and miarolitic granodiorite blocks, ejected 3700 14C yr B.P. in the most recent caldera-forming eruption, are fragments of a shallow intrusive complex of cumulate mush and segregated vapor-saturated residual melts. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses define 238U-230Th isochron ages of 17.6 ± 2.7 ka, 5 +11/–10 ka, and 10.2 ± 4.0 ka (2σ) for zircon in two granodiorites and a diorite, respectively. Sparse zircons from two gabbros give 238U-230Th model ages of 36 ± 8 ka and 26 ± 7 ka. Zircons from granodiorite and diorite crystallized in the presence of late magmatic aqueous fluid. Although historic eruptions have been weakly explosive Strombolian fountaining and small lava effusions, the young ages of plutonic blocks, as well as late Holocene dacite pumice, are evidence that the intrusive complex remains active and that evolved magmas can segregate at shallow levels to fuel explosive eruptions.
Groundwater ages estimated from environmental tracers can help calibrate groundwater flow models. Groundwater age represents a mixture of traveltimes, with the distribution of ages determined by the detailed structure of the flow field, which can be prone to significant transient variability. Effects of pumping on age distribution were assessed using direct age simulation in a hypothetical layered aquifer system. A steady state predevelopment age distribution was computed first. A well field was then introduced, and pumpage caused leakage into the confined aquifer of older water from an overlying confining unit. Large changes in simulated groundwater ages occurred in both the aquifer and the confining unit at high pumping rates, and the effects propagated a substantial distance downgradient from the wells. The range and variance of ages contributing to the well increased substantially during pumping. The results suggest that the groundwater age distribution in developed aquifers may be affected by transient leakage from low‐permeability material, such as confining units, under certain hydrogeologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR004865","usgsCitation":"Zinn, B.A., and Konikow, L.F., 2007, Potential effects of regional pumpage on groundwater age distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 6, W06418; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004865.","productDescription":"W06418; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr004865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edde4b0c8380cd7a7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zinn, Brendan A.","contributorId":102953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zinn","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030178,"text":"70030178 - 2007 - Quantitative mineralogy of surface sediments of the Iceland shelf, and application to down-core studies of holocene ice-rafted sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030178","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative mineralogy of surface sediments of the Iceland shelf, and application to down-core studies of holocene ice-rafted sediments","docAbstract":"Quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses on the < 2 mm sediment fraction from the Iceland shelves are reported for subglacial diamictons, seafloor surface sediments, and the last 2000 cal yr BP from two cores. The overall goal of the paper is to characterize the spatial variability of the mineralogy of the present-day surface sediments (18 non-clay minerals and 7 clay minerals), compare that with largely in situ erosional products typified by the composition of subglacial diamictons, and finally examine the late Holocene temporal variability in mineral composition using multi-mineral compositions. The subglacial diamictons are dominated in the non-clay-mineral fraction by the plagioclase feldspars and pyroxene with 36.7 ?? 6.1 and 17.9 ?? 3.5 wt % respectively, with smectites being the dominant clay minerals. The surface seafloor sediments have similar compositions although there are substantial amounts of calcite, plus there is a distinct band of sites from NW to N-central Iceland that contain 1-6 wt% of quartz. This latter distribution mimics the modern and historic pattern of drift ice in Iceland waters. Principal component analysis of the transformed wt% (log-ratio) non-clay minerals is used to compare the subglacial, surface, and down-core mineral compositions. Fifty-eight percent of the variance is explained by the first two axes, with dolomite, microcline, and quartz being important \"foreign\" species. These analyses indicate that today the NW-N-central Iceland shelf is affected by the import of exotic minerals, which are transported and released from drift ice. The down-core mineralogy indicates that this is a process that has varied over the last 2000 cal yr BP. Copyright ?? 2007, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2007.045","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., and Eberl, D.D., 2007, Quantitative mineralogy of surface sediments of the Iceland shelf, and application to down-core studies of holocene ice-rafted sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 77, no. 5-6, p. 469-479, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.045.","startPage":"469","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.045"},{"id":239326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9225e4b0c8380cd806ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030175,"text":"70030175 - 2007 - The collapse of pelagic fishes in the upper San Francisco estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T14:40:57.645549","indexId":"70030175","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The collapse of pelagic fishes in the upper San Francisco estuary","docAbstract":"Although the pelagic fish community of the upper San Francisco Estuary historically has shown substantial variability, a recent collapse has captured the attention of resource managers, scientists, legislators, and the general public. The ecological and management consequences of the decline are most serious for delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a threatened species whose narrow range overlaps with large water diversions that supply water to over 25 million people. The decline occurred despite recent moderate hydrology, which typically results in at least modest recruitment, and investments of hundreds of millions of dollars in habitat restoration and environmental water allocations to support native fishes. In response to the pelagic fish collapse, an ambitious multi-hyphen;agency research team has been working since 2005 to evaluate the causes of the decline, which likely include a combination of factors: stock-recruitment effects, a decline in habitat quality, increased mortality rates, and reduced food availability due to invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[270:TCOPFI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sommer, T., Armor, C., Baxter, R., Breuer, R., Brown, L., Chotkowski, M., Culberson, S., Feyrer, F., Gingras, M., Herbold, B., Kimmerer, W., Mueller-Solger, A., Nobriga, M., and Souza, K., 2007, The collapse of pelagic fishes in the upper San Francisco estuary: Fisheries, v. 32, no. 6, p. 270-277, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[270:TCOPFI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.78916666399649\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 37.832564787218985\n ],\n [\n -122.31903076171875,\n 37.91278405007035\n ],\n [\n -122.38082885742189,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 38.06106741381201\n ],\n [\n -122.29843139648436,\n 38.23494411562881\n ],\n [\n -122.43988037109374,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -122.49481201171875,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -122.50717163085938,\n 38.005902055387054\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.92903406232562\n ],\n [\n -122.50442504882814,\n 37.87702138607635\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.78916666399649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa3ce4b08c986b32277f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommer, T.","contributorId":106703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armor, C.","contributorId":76942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armor","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baxter, R.","contributorId":48758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breuer, R.","contributorId":16219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chotkowski, M.","contributorId":78543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chotkowski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Culberson, S.","contributorId":96480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culberson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feyrer, F. 0000-0003-1253-2349","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":6254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gingras, M.","contributorId":58093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingras","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Herbold, B.","contributorId":66062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbold","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mueller-Solger, A.","contributorId":16220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller-Solger","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nobriga, M.","contributorId":67284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nobriga","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Souza, K.","contributorId":84157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70030174,"text":"70030174 - 2007 - Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030174","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting","docAbstract":"Weights-of-evidence (WofE) and logistic regression techniques were used in a GIS framework to predict the spatial likelihood (prospectivity) of crushed-stone aggregate quarry development. The joint conditional probability models, based on geology, transportation network, and population density variables, were defined using quarry location and time of development data for the New England States, North Carolina, and South Carolina, USA. The Quarry Operation models describe the distribution of active aggregate quarries, independent of the date of opening. The New Quarry models describe the distribution of aggregate quarries when they open. Because of the small number of new quarries developed in the study areas during the last decade, independent New Quarry models have low parameter estimate reliability. The performance of parameter estimates derived for Quarry Operation models, defined by a larger number of active quarries in the study areas, were tested and evaluated to predict the spatial likelihood of new quarry development. Population density conditions at the time of new quarry development were used to modify the population density variable in the Quarry Operation models to apply to new quarry development sites. The Quarry Operation parameters derived for the New England study area, Carolina study area, and the combined New England and Carolina study areas were all similar in magnitude and relative strength. The Quarry Operation model parameters, using the modified population density variables, were found to be a good predictor of new quarry locations. Both the aggregate industry and the land management community can use the model approach to target areas for more detailed site evaluation for quarry location. The models can be revised easily to reflect actual or anticipated changes in transportation and population features. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Larkins, P., 2007, Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting: Natural Resources Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4"},{"id":239256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c97e4b0c8380cd7e793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larkins, P.M.","contributorId":82527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larkins","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030159,"text":"70030159 - 2007 - Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70030159","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note","docAbstract":"Two trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from an alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii. To assess the degree of variability in these nine microsatellite loci, we genotyped 174 individuals collected from eight river drainage basins in the southeastern USA. These markers revealed a moderate degree of allelic diversity (six to 16 alleles per locus) and observed heterozygosity (0.166-0.686). These polymorphic microsatellite loci provide powerful tools for population genetic studies for a species that is afforded some level of conservation protection in every state in which it occurs. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"Hackler, J., Van Den Bussche, R.A., and Leslie, D., 2007, Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 7, no. 3, p. 474-476, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x.","startPage":"474","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x"},{"id":240667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d0e4b0c8380cd4bf38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackler, J.C.","contributorId":105835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030135,"text":"70030135 - 2007 - Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70030135","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake","docAbstract":"Many seismologists have looked at the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake as a key modern calibration event that could be used to improve estimates of magnitudes of large historic mainshocks in stable continental regions. Since no instrumental data are available for important historic events such as the 1819 Allah Bund, India, and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S. mainshocks, calibration hinges on comparisons of the macroseismic effects of these earthquakes with those of comparable modern earthquakes for which a reliable, instrumentally determined moment magnitude is available. However, although such a comparison is conceptually straightforward, in practice it is complicated by potentially significant inconsistencies in methods used to quantify macroseismic effects in different regions and/or times. For the Bhuj earthquake, extensive intensity data sets have been compiled and published from both media accounts and detailed direct surveys. Comparing the two provides a quantification of the previously suspected media bias, whereby earthquake effects can be exaggerated in media accounts. This bias is a strong function of intensity level, with substantial bias at the highest shaking levels and significantly less bias at low intensities. Because only sparse documentary data are in general available for older historic earthquakes, the results of this study suggest that their inferred intensity distributions might be similarly biased. We further use the survey-based intensity values to develop a new relationship between intensities and ground motions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060072","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Pande, P., 2007, Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 2, p. 638-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060072.","startPage":"638","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-141746941","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060072"},{"id":240263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91ebe4b0c8380cd80538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pande, P.","contributorId":61245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pande","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030129,"text":"70030129 - 2007 - 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:39:56","indexId":"70030129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"A continuous decadal-scale resolution record of climate variability over the past 1400 yr in the northern Gulf of Mexico was constructed from a box core recovered in the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico. Proxies include paired analyses of Mg/Ca and δ18O in the white variety of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and relative abundance variations of G. sacculifer in the foraminifer assemblages. Two multi-decadal intervals of sustained high Mg/Ca indicate that Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were as warm or warmer than near-modern conditions between 1000 and 1400 yr B.P. Foraminiferal Mg/Ca during the coolest interval of the Little Ice Age (ca. 250 yr B.P.) indicate that SST was 2–2.5 °C below modern SST. Four minima in the Mg/Ca record between 900 and 250 yr B.P. correspond with the Maunder, Spörer, Wolf, and Oort sunspot minima, suggesting a link between changes in solar insolation and SST variability in the Gulf of Mexico. An abrupt shift recorded in both δ18Ocalcite and relative abundance of G. sacculifer occurred ca. 600 yr B.P. The shift in the Pigmy Basin record corresponds with a shift in the sea-salt-sodium (ssNa) record from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, linking changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation with the subtropical Atlantic Ocean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G23507A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Richey, J., Poore, R., Flower, B., and Quinn, T.M., 2007, 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico: Geology, v. 35, no. 5, p. 423-426, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23507A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23507A.1"},{"id":240698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e226e4b0c8380cd459ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, J.N.","contributorId":37156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flower, B.P.","contributorId":7301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, T. M.","contributorId":71320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030124,"text":"70030124 - 2007 - Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:03:16","indexId":"70030124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"A realistic description of how temperatures vary with elevation is crucial for ecosystem studies and for models of basin-scale snowmelt and spring streamflow. This paper explores surface temperature variability using temperature data from an array of 37 sensors, called the Yosemite network, which traverses both slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California. These data indicate that a simple lapse rate is often a poor description of the spatial temperature structure. Rather, the spatial pattern of temperature over the Yosemite network varies considerably with synoptic conditions. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were used to identify the dominant spatial temperature patterns and how they vary in time. Temporal variations of these surface temperature patterns were correlated with large-scale weather conditions, as described by National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data. Regression equations were used to downscale larger-scale weather parameters, such as Reanalysis winds and pressure, to the surface temperature structure over the Yosemite network. These relationships demonstrate that strong westerly winds are associated with relatively warmer temperatures on the east slope and cooler temperatures on the west slope of the Sierra, and weaker westerly winds are associated with the opposite pattern. Reanalysis data from 1948 to 2005 indicate weakening westerlies over this time period, a trend leading to relatively cooler temperatures on the east slope over decadal timescale's. This trend also appears in long-term observations and demonstrates the need to consider topographic effects when examining long-term changes in mountain regions. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD007561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Cayan, D., 2007, Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc1e4b08c986b31e7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030120,"text":"70030120 - 2007 - Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie","docAbstract":"Grassland birds are considered to be rapidly declining in North America. Management approaches for grassland birds frequently rely on prescribed burning to maintain habitat in suitable condition. We evaluated the relationships among years since burn, vegetation structure, and overwintering grassland bird abundance in coastal prairie. Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus leconteii) were most common in areas that had: (1) been burned within the previous 2 years, (2) medium density herbaceous vegetation, and (3) sparse shrub densities. Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) were associated with areas: (1) burned within 1 year, (2) with sparse herbaceous vegetation, and (3) with sparse shrub densities. Sedge Wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were most common in areas that had: (1) burned greater than 2 years prior and (2) dense herbaceous vegetation. Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana): (1) were most common in areas of dense shrubs, (2) not related to time since burnings, and (3) demonstrated no relationship to herbaceous vegetation densities. The relationships to fire histories for all four bird species could be explained by the associated vegetation characteristics indicating the need for a mosaic of burn rotations and modest levels of woody vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-129.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, H., Grace, J., Barrow, W., and Rohwer, F., 2007, Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 2, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-129.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-129.1"},{"id":240569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1ae4b0c8380cd5cab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, H.Q.","contributorId":27680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"H.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohwer, F.C.","contributorId":26043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohwer","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029759,"text":"70029759 - 2007 - Crustal controls on magmatic-hydrothermal systems: A geophysical comparison of White River, Washington, with Goldfield, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T11:57:55.217241","indexId":"70029759","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal controls on magmatic-hydrothermal systems: A geophysical comparison of White River, Washington, with Goldfield, Nevada","docAbstract":"The White River altered area, Washington, and the Goldfield mining district, Nevada, are nearly contemporaneous Tertiary (ca. 20 Ma) calc-alkaline igneous centers with large exposures of shallow (<1 km depth) magmatic-hydrothermal, acid-sulfate alteration. Goldfield is the largest known high-sulfidation gold deposit in North America. At White River, silica is the only commodity exploited to date, but, based on its similarities with Goldfield, White River may have potential for concealed precious and/or base metal deposits at shallow depth. Both areas are products of the ancestral Cascade arc. Goldfield lies within the Great Basin physiographic province in an area of middle Miocene and younger Basin and Range and Walker Lane faulting, whereas White River is largely unaffected by young faults. However, west-northwest–striking magnetic anomalies at White River do correspond with mapped faults synchronous with magmatism, and other linear anomalies may reflect contemporaneous concealed faults. The White River altered area lies immediately south of the west-northwest–striking White River fault zone and north of a postulated fault with similar orientation. Structural data from the White River altered area indicate that alteration developed synchronously with an anomalous stress field conducive to left-lateral, strike-slip displacement on west-northwest–striking faults. Thus, the White River alteration may have developed in a transient transtensional region between the two strike-slip faults, analogous to models proposed for Goldfield and other mineral deposits in transverse deformational zones. Gravity and magnetic anomalies provide evidence for a pluton beneath the White River altered area that may have provided heat and fluids to overlying volcanic rocks. East– to east-northeast–striking extensional faults and/or fracture zones in the step-over region, also expressed in magnetic anomalies, may have tapped this intrusion and provided vertical and lateral transport of fluids to now silicified areas. By analogy to Goldfield, geophysical anomalies at the White River altered area may serve as proxies for geologic mapping in identifying faults, fractures, and intrusions relevant to hydrothermal alteration and ore formation in areas of poor exposure.
Measurements of the concentrations of dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), tritium (3H), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in groundwater from basaltic aquifers in Jeju Island, Korea, demonstrate a terrigenic source of SF6. Using a lumped-parameter dispersion model, groundwater was identified as young water (<15 years), old water with negligible CFC-12 and 3H, and binary mixtures of the two. Model calculations using dispersion models and binary mixing based on 3H and CFC-12 concentrations demonstrate a non-atmospheric excess of SF6 relative to CFC-12 and 3H concentrations for more than half of the samples. The non-atmospheric excess SF6 may have originated from terrigenic sources in relict volcanic fluids, which could have acquired SF6 from granites and basement rocks of the island during volcanic activity. Local excess anthropogenic sources of SF6 are unlikely. The SF6 age is biased young relative to the CFC-12 age, typically up to 20 years and as high as 30 years. This age bias is more pronounced in samples of groundwater older than 15 years. The presence of terrigenic SF6 can affect the entire dating range for groundwater in mixtures that contain a fraction of old water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.011","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Koh, D., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., and Kim, Y., 2007, Evidence for terrigenic SF6 in groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, Korea: Implications for groundwater dating: Journal of Hydrology, v. 339, no. 1-2, p. 93-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.011"}],"country":"South Korea","otherGeospatial":"Jeju Island","volume":"339","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d54e4b0c8380cd52f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koh, Dong-Chan","contributorId":167733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koh","given":"Dong-Chan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24820,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Yongje","contributorId":203716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Yongje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029714,"text":"70029714 - 2007 - Correcting acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurement bias from moving-bed conditions without global positioning during the 2004 Glen Canyon Dam controlled flood on the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70029714","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correcting acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurement bias from moving-bed conditions without global positioning during the 2004 Glen Canyon Dam controlled flood on the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Discharge measurements were made by acoustic Doppler current profiler at two locations on the Colorado River during the 2004 controlled flood from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Measurement hardware and software have constantly improved from the 1980s such that discharge measurements by acoustic profiling instruments are now routinely made over a wide range of hydrologic conditions. However, measurements made with instruments deployed from moving boats require reliable boat velocity data for accurate measurements of discharge. This is normally accomplished by using special acoustic bottom track pings that sense instrument motion over bottom. While this method is suitable for most conditions, high current flows that produce downstream bed sediment movement create a condition known as moving bed that will bias velocities and discharge to lower than actual values. When this situation exists, one solution is to determine boat velocity with satellite positioning information. Another solution is to use a lower frequency instrument. Discharge measurements made during the 2004 Glen Canyon controlled flood were subject to moving-bed conditions and frequent loss of bottom track. Due to site conditions and equipment availability, the measurements were conducted without benefit of external positioning information or lower frequency instruments. This paper documents and evaluates several techniques used to correct the resulting underestimated discharge measurements. One technique produces discharge values in good agreement with estimates from numerical model and measured hydrographs during the flood. ?? 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15415856","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., and Ganju, N., 2007, Correcting acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurement bias from moving-bed conditions without global positioning during the 2004 Glen Canyon Dam controlled flood on the Colorado River: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 5, no. JUN, p. 156-162.","startPage":"156","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"JUN","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc1ee4b0c8380cd4e11d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}