{"pageNumber":"969","pageRowStart":"24200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70031435,"text":"70031435 - 2007 - Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031435","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars","docAbstract":"We present geologic evidence suggesting that after the development of Mars' cryolithosphere, the formation of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia and their subsequent disruption led to extensive regional resurfacing during the Late Hesperian, and perhaps even during the Amazonian. In our model, these aquifers formed preferentially along thrust faults associated with wrinkle ridges, as well as along fault systems peripheral to impact craters. The characteristics of degraded wrinkle ridges and impact craters in southwestern Chryse Planitia indicate a profound role of subsurface volatiles and especially liquid water in the upper crust (the upper one hundred to a few thousands of meters). Like lunar wrinkle ridges, the martian ones are presumed to mark the surface extensions of thrust faults, but in our study area the wrinkle ridges are heavily modified. Wrinkle ridges and nearby plains have locally undergone collapse, and in other areas they are associated with domical intrusions we interpret as mud volcanoes and mud diapirs. In at least one instance, a sinuous valley emanates from a modified wrinkle ridge, further indicating hydrological influences on these thrust-fault-controlled features. A key must be the formation of volatile-rich crust. Primary crustal formation and differentiation incorporated juvenile volatiles into the global crust, but the crustal record here was then strongly modified by the giant Chryse impact. The decipherable rock record here begins with the Chryse impact and continues with the resulting basin's erosion and infilling, which includes outflow channel activity. We propose that in Simud Vallis surface flow dissection into the base of the cryolithosphere-produced zones where water infiltrated and migrated along SW-dipping strata deformed by the Chryse impact, thereby forming an extensive aquifer in southwestern Chryse Planitia. In this region, compressive stresses produced by the rise of Tharsis led to the formation of wrinkle ridges. Zones of high fracture density within the highly strained planes of the thrust faults underlying the wrinkle ridges formed regions of high permeability; thus, groundwater likely flowed and gathered along these tectonic structures to form zones of elevated permeability. Volatile depletion and migration within the upper crustal materials, predominantly along fault systems, led to structurally controlled episodic resurfacing in southwestern Chryse Planitia. The erosional modification of impact craters in this region is linked to these processes. This erosion is scale independent over a range of crater diameters from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers. According to our model, pressurized water and sediment intruded and locally extruded and caused crustal subsidence and other degradational activity across this region. The modification of craters across this wide range of sizes, according to our model, implies that there was intensive mobilization of liquid water in the upper crust ranging from about one hundred to several thousand meters deep. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Tanaka, K.L., Kargel, J., Dohm, J.M., Kuzmin, R., Fairen, A., Sasaki, S., Komatsu, G., Schulze-Makuch, D., and Jianguo, Y., 2007, Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars: Icarus, v. 191, no. 2, p. 545-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021.","startPage":"545","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021"},{"id":239692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1346e4b0c8380cd545b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.","contributorId":62828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schulze-Makuch, D.","contributorId":62829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulze-Makuch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jianguo, Y.","contributorId":101454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jianguo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70031421,"text":"70031421 - 2007 - Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T11:08:19.537351","indexId":"70031421","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA)","docAbstract":"<p>A mathematically linked mercury transport, speciation, kinetic, and simple biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model has been developed. An extension of the metal transport and speciation (TRANSPEC) model, BIOTRANSPEC estimates the fate and biotic uptake of inorganic (Hg(II)), elemental (Hg(0)) and organic (MeHg) forms of mercury and their species in the dissolved, colloidal (e.g., dissolved organic matter [DOM]), and particulate phases of surface aquatic systems. A pseudo-steady state version of the model was used to describe mercury dynamics in Lahontan Reservoir (near Carson City, NV, USA), where internal loading of the historically deposited mercury is remobilized, thereby maintaining elevated water concentrations. The Carson River is the main source of total mercury (THg), of which more than 90% is tightly bound in a gold-silver-mercury amalgam, to the system through loadings in the spring, with negligible input from the atmospheric deposition. The speciation results suggest that aqueous species are dominated by Hg-DOM, Hg(OH)2, and HgClOH. Sediment-to-water diffusion of MeHg and Hg-DOM accounts for approximately 10% of total loadings to the water column. The water column acts as a net sink for MeHg by reducing its levels through two competitive processes: Uptake by fish, and net MeHg demethylation. Although reservoir sediments produce significant amounts of MeHg (4 g/d), its transport from sediment to water is limited (1.6 g/d), possibly because of its adsorption on metal oxides of iron and manganese at the sediment-water interface. Fish accumulate approximately 45% of the total MeHg mass in the water column, and 9% of total MeHg uptake by fish leaves the system because of fishing. Results from this new model reiterate the previous conclusion that more than 90% of THg input is retained in sediment, which perpetuates elevated water concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/06-468R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Gandhi, N., Bhavsar, S., Diamond, M., Kuwabara, J.S., Marvin-DePasquale, M.C., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2007, Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2260-2273, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-468R.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2260","endPage":"2273","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lahontan Reservoir","volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ce4b0c8380cd4f66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gandhi, N.","contributorId":35543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhi","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhavsar, S.P.","contributorId":38779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhavsar","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diamond, M.L.","contributorId":18578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marvin-DePasquale, Mark C.","contributorId":38655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DePasquale","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031411,"text":"70031411 - 2007 - Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031411","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest","docAbstract":"We provide a first detailed analysis of long-term, annual-resolution demographic trends in a temperate forest. After tracking the fates of 21 338 trees in a network of old-growth forest plots in the Sierra Nevada of California, we found that mortality rate, but not the recruitment rate, increased significantly over the 22 years of measurement (1983-2004). Mortality rates increased in both of two dominant taxonomic groups (Abies and Pinus) and in different forest types (different elevational zones). The increase in overall mortality rate resulted from an increase in tree deaths attributed to stress and biotic causes, and coincided with a temperature-driven increase in an index of drought. Our findings suggest that these forests (and by implication, other water-limited forests) may be sensitive to temperature-driven drought stress, and may be poised for die-back if future climates continue to feature rising temperatures without compensating increases in precipitation. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01080.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Stephenson, N., 2007, Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest: Ecology Letters, v. 10, no. 10, p. 909-916, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01080.x.","startPage":"909","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01080.x"},{"id":239890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec7ae4b0c8380cd492c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, P. J.","contributorId":73527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031408,"text":"70031408 - 2007 - In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T12:03:17.038477","indexId":"70031408","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1941,"text":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-text row g-0\"><div class=\"col-12\"><div class=\"u-mb-1\"><div>The capabilities and diversity of subsurface sediment sensors lags significantly from what is available for the water column, thereby limiting progress in understanding time-dependent seabed exchange and high-frequency acoustics. To help redress this imbalance, a new instrument, the autonomous sediment profiler (ASP), is described herein. ASP consists of a four-electrode, Wenner-type resistivity probe and a thermistor that log data at 0.1-cm vertical intervals over a 58-cm vertical profile. To avoid resampling the same spot on the seafloor, the probes are moved horizontally within a 20 times 100-cm<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>area in one of three preselected patterns. Memory and power capacities permit sampling at hourly intervals for up to 3-mo duration. The system was tested in a laboratory tank and shown to be able to resolve high-frequency sediment consolidation, as well as changes in sediment roughness. In a field test off the southern coast of France, the system collected resistivity and temperature data at hourly intervals for 16 d. Coupled with environmental data collected on waves, currents, and suspended sediment, the ASP is shown to be useful for understanding temporal evolution of subsurface sediment porosity, although no large depositional or erosional events occurred during the deployment. Following a rapid decrease in bottom-water temperature, the evolution of the subsurface temperature field was consistent with the 1-D thermal diffusion equation coupled with advection in the upper 3-4 cm. Collectively, the laboratory and field tests yielded promising results on time-dependent seabed change.</div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2007.907927","issn":"03649059","usgsCitation":"Wheatcroft, R.A., Stevens, A., and Johnson, R., 2007, In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, v. 32, no. 4, p. 862-871, https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2007.907927.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3986e4b0c8380cd6195f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, A.W.","contributorId":42424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R.V.","contributorId":14639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031406,"text":"70031406 - 2007 - Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T11:15:19.852527","indexId":"70031406","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>We compared streamflow in basins under the combined impacts of an upland dam and groundwater pumping withdrawals, by examining streamflow in the presence and absence of each impact. As a qualitative analysis, inter-watershed streamflow comparisons were performed for several rivers flowing into the east side of the Central Valley, CA. Results suggest that, in the absence of upland dams supporting large reservoirs, some reaches of these rivers might develop ephemeral streamflow in late summer. As a quantitative analysis, we conducted a series of streamflow/groundwater simulations (using MODFLOW-2000 plus the streamflow routing package, SFR1) for a representative hypothetical watershed, with an upland dam and groundwater pumping in the downstream basin, under humid, semi-arid, and arid conditions. As a result of including the impact of groundwater pumping, post-dam removal simulated streamflow was significantly less than natural streamflow. The model predicts extensive ephemeral conditions in the basin during September for both the arid and semi-arid cases. The model predicts continued perennial conditions in the humid case, but spatially weighted, average streamflow of only 71% of natural September streamflow, as a result of continued pumping after dam removal.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6520","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Essaid, H.I., 2007, Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 21, p. 2823-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6520.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2823","endPage":"2834","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3de4b0c8380cd6235e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031403,"text":"70031403 - 2007 - Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T11:05:02.903393","indexId":"70031403","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous models are in widespread use for the estimation of soil water retention from more easily measured textural data. Improved models are needed for better prediction and wider applicability. We developed a basic framework from which new and existing models can be derived to facilitate improvements. Starting from the assumption that every particle has a characteristic dimension&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;associated uniquely with a matric pressure ψ and that the form of the ψ–</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;relation is the defining characteristic of each model, this framework leads to particular models by specification of geometric relationships between pores and particles. Typical assumptions are that particles are spheres, pores are cylinders with volume equal to the associated particle volume times the void ratio, and that the capillary inverse proportionality between radius and matric pressure is valid. Examples include fixed-pore-shape and fixed-pore-length models. We also developed alternative versions of the model of Arya and Paris that eliminate its interval-size dependence and other problems. The alternative models are calculable by direct application of algebraic formulas rather than manipulation of data tables and intermediate results, and they easily combine with other models (e.g., incorporating structural effects) that are formulated on a continuous basis. Additionally, we developed a family of models based on the same pore geometry as the widely used unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model of Mualem. Predictions of measurements for different suitable media show that some of the models provide consistently good results and can be chosen based on ease of calculations and other factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2007.0019","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Herkelrath, W.N., and Laguna, L., 2007, Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 6, no. 4, p. 766-773, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"773","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7af0e4b0c8380cd7918e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laguna, Luna","contributorId":12694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laguna","given":"Luna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031401,"text":"70031401 - 2007 - Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T09:23:52","indexId":"70031401","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Extrapolating results of laboratory bioassays to streams is difficult, because conditions such as temperature and dissolved metal concentrations can change substantially on diel time scales. Field bioassays conducted for 96 h in two mining‐affected streams compared the survival of hatchery‐raised, metal‐näive westslope cutthroat trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi</i><span>) exposed to dissolved (0.1‐μm filtration) metal concentrations that either exhibited the diel variation observed in streams or were controlled at a constant value. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in these streams increased each night by as much as 61 and 125%, respectively, and decreased a corresponding amount the next day, whereas Cu did not display a diel concentration cycle. In High Ore Creek (40 km south of Helena, MT, USA), survival (33%) after exposure to natural diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 214–634 μg/L; mean, 428 μg/L) was significantly (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.008) higher than survival (14%) after exposure to a controlled, constant Zn concentration (422 μg/L). Similarly, in Dry Fork Belt Creek (70 km southeast of Great Falls, MT, USA), survival (75%) after exposure to diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 266–522 μg/L; mean, 399 μg/L) was significantly (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.022) higher than survival (50%) in the constant‐concentration treatment (392 μg/L). Survival likely was greater in these diel treatments, both because the periods of lower metal concentrations provided some relief for the fish and because toxicity during periods of higher metal concentrations was lessened by the simultaneous occurrence each night of lower water temperatures, which reduce the rate of metal uptake. Based on the present study, current water‐quality criteria appear to be protective for streams with diel concentration cycles of Zn (and, perhaps, Cd) for the hydrologic conditions tested.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-265.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Harper, D.D., Farag, A., Cleasby, T., MacConnell, E., and Skaar, D., 2007, Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2667-2678, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2667","endPage":"2678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b44e4b0c8380cd62399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D. 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":1140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleasby, Tom 0000-0003-0694-1541 tcleasby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":1137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Tom","email":"tcleasby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skaar, D.","contributorId":28047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031399,"text":"70031399 - 2007 - Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:54:06","indexId":"70031399","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California","docAbstract":"We collected two species of crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii, from Cache and Putah Creeks, California, and analyzed them for mercury and trace elements. Trace elements were higher in carcasses in 40 cases, higher in tails in 5 cases, and not different in 35 cases; no concentration exceeded levels considered harmful. Mercury concentrations were similar among sites, with no overall sex or species effect in tails. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations were higher in tails at all sites. Methylmercury concentrations in crayfish tails (0.156-0.256 ??g/g) exceeded concentrations reported in health advisories for consumption of fish and crayfish from these watersheds. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Bergen, D., Bauer, M., Crayon, J., and Meckstroth, A., 2007, Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from northern California: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 79, no. 6, p. 628-632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6.","startPage":"628","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergen, D.R.","contributorId":77738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, M.L.","contributorId":16655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meckstroth, A.M.","contributorId":50464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckstroth","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031389,"text":"70031389 - 2007 - Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031389","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars","docAbstract":"Magnesium sulfate probably plays a dominant role in the water cycle of Mars away from the polar ice caps through hydration and dehydration reactions. This prominence is due to its abundance, its occurrence in numerous hydration states, and its ability to hydrate and dehydrate rapidly. New experimental studies on the metastable reaction between hexahydrite (MgSO4??6H2O) and starkeyite (MgSO4-4H2O) as a function of temperature and relative humidity, supplemented by recent investigations of the stable reaction between epsomite (MgSO4??7H2O) and hexahydrite and by phase equilibrium calculations, suggest that the most important magnesium sulfate phases involved in the Martian water cycle are MgSO4??11 H2O, epsomite, starkeyite, and possibly kieserite (MgSO4??H2O). Hexahydrite is not predicted to be stable on the surface of Mars. During diurnal variations in temperature and relative humidity, 1 kg of MgSO4 can release or remove from the atmosphere 1.5 kg of H2O by cycling between kieserite and MgSO4??11 H2O. Despite subequal abundances of calcium sulfate, calcium sulfates are not likely to be important in the water cycle of the planet because of sluggish rates of hydration and dehydration and a more limited range of H2O concentrations per kilogram of CaSO4 (0.00 to 0.26 kg kg-1). Modern or recent erosion on Mars attributed to liquid water may be due to the dehydration Of MgSO4??11 H2O because of the inferred abundance and likelihood of occurrence of this phase and its limited stability relative to known variations in temperature and relative humidity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002898","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R., 2007, Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002898.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477118,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002898","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002898"},{"id":240096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b57e4b0c8380cd69489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031386,"text":"70031386 - 2007 - Analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:30:56","indexId":"70031386","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs","docAbstract":"<p>Water and coral mucus samples were collected from throughout the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the Dry Tortugas for three years and were analyzed for human enteric viruses (enteroviruses, noroviruses, hepatitis A virus and adenoviruses) as conservative markers of human sewage using molecular methods. Of the 100 coral and water samples collected, 40 contained genetic material from one or more human enteric viruses. DNA-based adenoviruses were detected widely, in 37.8% of samples and at 91% of stations, including ‘pristine’ reefs in the Dry Tortugas; however, the detection rate was ⩽12% for the RNA-based enteroviruses and noroviruses (hepatitis A virus was never detected). The disparity between the prevalence of RNA- and DNA-based viruses suggests the need for additional work to determine the utility of adenovirus as marker of human sewage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.001","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Lipp, E.K., Futch, J., and Griffin, D.W., 2007, Analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 54, no. 12, p. 1897-1902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.001.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1897","endPage":"1902","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              25.94816628853973\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9200439453125,\n              25.54244147012483\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              25.04081549894912\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8648681640625,\n              24.56211235799689\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              24.412140070651528\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6336669921875,\n              24.382124181118236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.07861328125,\n              24.45215015618098\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1060791015625,\n              24.696934226366672\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5787353515625,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3262939453125,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.760498046875,\n              25.224820176765036\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4364013671875,\n              25.606855993715016\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.343017578125,\n              25.849336891707605\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2056884765625,\n              25.93828707492375\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              25.94816628853973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb22e4b0c8380cd48c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futch, J. Carrie","contributorId":100613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futch","given":"J. Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031385,"text":"70031385 - 2007 - Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031385","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish","docAbstract":"We conducted field surveys and experiments to determine whether observed distributions of crayfish among habitats were influenced by differential resource availability, foraging profitability, and predation rates and whether these factors differed with crayfish size and habitat depth. We sampled available food resources (detritus and invertebrates) and shelter as rock substrate in deep (>50 cm) and shallow (<30 cm) habitats. We used an enclosure-exclosure experiment to examine the effects of water depth and crayfish size on crayfish biomass and survival, and to determine whether these factors affected silt accrual, algal abundance (chlorophyll a [chl a]), and detritus and invertebrate biomass (g ash-free dry mass) differently from enclosures without crayfish. We conducted tethering experiments to assess predation on small (13-17 mm carapace length [CL]) and large (23-30 mm CL) Orconectes marchandi and to determine whether predation rates differed with water depth. Invertebrate biomass was significantly greater in shallow water than in deep water, whereas detritus biomass did not differ significantly between depths. Cobble was significantly more abundant in shallow than in deep water. Depth and crayfish size had a significant interactive effect on change in size of enclosed crayfish when CL was used as a measure of size but not when biomass was used as a measure of size. CL of small crayfish increased significantly more in enclosures in shallow than in deep water, but CL of large crayfish changed very little at either depth. Silt, chl a, and detritus biomass were significantly lower on tiles in large- than in small- and no-crayfish enclosures, and invertebrate biomass was significantly lower in large- than in no-crayfish enclosures. Significantly more crayfish were consumed in deep than in shallow water regardless of crayfish size. Our results suggest that predation and resource availability might influence the depth distribution of small and large crayfish. Small crayfish grew faster in shallow habitats where they might have had a fitness advantage caused by high prey availability and reduced predation risk. Size-dependent reduction of silt by crayfish might influence benthic habitats where large crayfish are abundant. ?? 2007 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/06-103.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Flinders, C., and Magoulick, D., 2007, Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 4, p. 767-778, https://doi.org/10.1899/06-103.1.","startPage":"767","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/06-103.1"},{"id":240025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06c4e4b0c8380cd513eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinders, C.A.","contributorId":6257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoulick, D.D.","contributorId":80862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031383,"text":"70031383 - 2007 - Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:19:35.864259","indexId":"70031383","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Confined aquifers are overlain by low-permeability aquitards that are commonly assumed to protect underlying aquifers from microbial contaminants. However, empirical data on microbial contamination beneath aquitards is limited. This study determined the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in well water from a deep sandstone aquifer confined by a regionally extensive shale aquitard. Three public water-supply wells were each sampled 10 times over 15 months. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for several virus groups and by cell culture for infectious enteroviruses. Seven of 30 samples were positive by RT-PCR for enteroviruses; one of these was positive for infectious echovirus 18. The virus-positive samples were collected from two wells cased through the aquitard, indicating the viruses were present in the confined aquifer. Samples from the same wells showed atmospheric tritium, indicating water recharged within the past few decades. Hydrogeologic conditions support rapid porous media transport of viruses through the upper sandstone aquifer to the top of the aquitard 61 m below ground surface. Natural fractures in the shale aquitard are one possible virus transport pathway through the aquitard; however, windows, cross-connecting well bores, or imperfect grout seals along well casings also may be involved. Deep confined aquifers can be more vulnerable to contamination by human viruses than commonly believed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es071110","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M., Bradbury, K.R., Gotkowitz, M., Cherry, J.A., and Parker, B., 2007, Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 18, p. 6606-6612, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071110.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6606","endPage":"6612","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.38098907470702,\n              43.032760685832\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.33052062988281,\n              43.032760685832\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.33052062988281,\n              43.13331170781402\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38098907470702,\n              43.13331170781402\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38098907470702,\n              43.032760685832\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a327de4b0c8380cd5e83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gotkowitz, M.B.","contributorId":37537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotkowitz","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, B.L.","contributorId":51971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031380,"text":"70031380 - 2007 - Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER \"B\" site, Osage County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T12:16:10.15441","indexId":"70031380","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER \"B\" site, Osage County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>For the last 5&nbsp;a, the authors have been investigating the transport, fate, natural attenuation and ecosystem impacts of inorganic and organic compounds in releases of produced water and associated hydrocarbons at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research (OSPER) “A” and “B” sites, located in NE Oklahoma. Approximately 1.0&nbsp;ha of land at OSPER “B”, located within the active Branstetter lease, is visibly affected by salt scarring, tree kills, soil salinization, and brine and petroleum contamination. Site “B” includes an active production tank battery and adjacent large brine pit, two injection well sites, one with an adjacent small pit, and an abandoned brine pit and tank battery site. Oil production in this lease started in 1938, and currently there are 10 wells that produce 0.2–0.5&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/d (1–3&nbsp;bbl/d) oil, and 8–16&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/d (50–100&nbsp;bbl/d) brine. Geochemical data from nearby oil wells show that the produced water source is a Na–Ca–Cl brine (∼150,000&nbsp;mg/L TDS), with high Mg, but low SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and dissolved organic concentrations. Groundwater impacts are being investigated by detailed chemical analyses of water from repeated sampling of 41 boreholes, 1–71&nbsp;m deep. The most important results at OSPER “B” are: (1) significant amounts of produced water from the two active brine pits percolate into the surficial rocks and flow towards the adjacent Skiatook reservoir, but only minor amounts of liquid petroleum leave the brine pits; (2) produced-water brine and minor dissolved organics have penetrated the thick (3–7&nbsp;m) shale and siltstone units resulting in the formation of three interconnected plumes of high-salinity water (5000–30,000&nbsp;mg/L TDS) that extend towards the Skiatook reservoir from the two active and one abandoned brine pits; and (3) groundwater from the deep section of only one well, BR-01 located 330&nbsp;m upslope and west of the site, appear not to be impacted by petroleum operations.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.005","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Kakouros, E., Thordsen, J., Ambats, G., and Abbott, M.M., 2007, Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER \"B\" site, Osage County, Oklahoma: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2164-2176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2164","endPage":"2176","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage 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Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kakouros, E. kakouros@usgs.gov","contributorId":34323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"E.","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ambats, Gil","contributorId":205841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambats","given":"Gil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abbott, Marvin M.","contributorId":89106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031376,"text":"70031376 - 2007 - Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031376","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation","docAbstract":"The distribution of groundwater beneath Masaya Volcano, in Nicaragua, and its surrounding caldera was characterized using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM). Multiple soundings were conducted at 30 sites. Models of the TEM data consistently indicate a resistive layer that is underlain by one or more conductive layers. These two layers represent the unsaturated and saturated zones, respectively, with the boundary between them indicating the water-table elevation. A map of the TEM data shows that the water table in the caldera is a subdued replica of the topography, with higher elevations beneath the edifice in the south-central caldera and lower elevations in the eastern caldera, coinciding with the elevation of Laguna de Masaya. These TEM data, combined with regional hydrologic data, indicate that the caldera in hydrologically isolated from the surrounding region, with as much as 60??m of difference in elevation of the groundwater table across caldera-bounding faults. The water-table information and estimates of fluxes of water through the system were used to constrain a numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The simulation results indicate that basalt flows in the outer parts of the caldera have a relatively high transmissivity, whereas the central edifice has a substantially lower transmissivity. A layer of relatively high transmissivity must be present at depth within the edifice in order to deliver the observed flux of water and steam to the active vent. This hydrologic information about the caldera provides a baseline for assessing the response of this isolated groundwater system to future changes in magmatic activity. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"MacNeil, R., Sanford, W., Connor, C., Sandberg, S., and Diez, M., 2007, Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 166, no. 3-4, p. 217-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016.","startPage":"217","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016"},{"id":239887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ea1e4b0c8380cd63f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNeil, R.E.","contributorId":31981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNeil","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, C.B.","contributorId":41653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandberg, S.K.","contributorId":99375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diez, M.","contributorId":40424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031372,"text":"70031372 - 2007 - Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T14:58:12","indexId":"70031372","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA)","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition in riverine and stream systems are known to vary with hydrological and productivity cycles over the annual and interannual time scales. Rivers are commonly perceived as homogeneous with respect to DOM concentration and composition, particularly under steady flow conditions over short time periods. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of short term variability ( &lt; 1 day) on DOM dynamics. This study examined whether diurnal processes measurably altered DOM concentration and composition in the hypereutrophic San Joaquin River (California) during a relatively quiescent period. We evaluated the efficacy of using optical in situ measurements to reveal changes in DOM which may not be evident from bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement alone. The in situ optical measurements described in this study clearly showed for the first time diurnal variations in DOM measurements, which have previously been related to both composition and concentration, even though diurnal changes were not well reflected in bulk DOC concentrations. An apparent asynchronous trend of DOM absorbance and chlorophyll-a in comparison to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and spectral slope S290-350 suggests that no one specific CDOM spectrophotometric measurement explains absolutely DOM diurnal variation in this system; the measurement of multiple optical parameters is therefore recommended. The observed diurnal changes in DOM composition, measured by in situ optical instrumentation likely reflect both photochemical and biologically-mediated processes. The results of this study highlight that short-term variability in DOM composition may complicate trends for studies aiming to distinguish different DOM sources in riverine systems and emphasizes the importance of sampling specific study sites to be compared at the same time of day. The utilization of in situ optical technology allows short-term variability in DOM dynamics to be monitored and serves to increase our understanding of its processing and fundamental role in the aquatic environment. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6887","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Downing, B., Kraus, T., Smart, D., Dahlgren, R., and Hernes, P., 2007, Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA): Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 23, p. 3181-3189, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6887.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3181","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6887"}],"volume":"21","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0343e4b0c8380cd503bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, B.D. 0000-0002-2007-5304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":71681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"B.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, T.E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":9758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"T.E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smart, D.R.","contributorId":99774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.A.","contributorId":28409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031367,"text":"70031367 - 2007 - Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031367","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction","docAbstract":"Paleoclimate records from glacial Indian and Pacific oceans sediments document millennial-scale fluctuations of subsurface dissolved oxygen levels and denitrification coherent with North Atlantic temperature oscillations. Yet the mechanism of this teleconnection between the remote ocean basins remains elusive. Here we present model simulations of the oxygen and nitrogen cycles that explain how changes in deepwater subduction in the North Atlantic can cause large and synchronous variations of oxygen minimum zones, throughout the Northern Hemisphere of the Indian and Pacific oceans, consistent with the paleoclimate records. Cold periods in the North Atlantic are associated with reduced nutrient delivery to the upper Indo-Pacific oceans, thereby decreasing productivity. Reduced export production diminishes subsurface respiration of organic matter leading to higher oxygen concentrations and less denitrification. This effect of reduced oxygen consumption dominates at low latitudes. At high latitudes in the Southern Ocean and North Pacific, increased mixed layer depths and steepening of isopycnals improve ocean ventilation and oxygen supply to the subsurface. Atmospheric teleconnections through changes in wind-driven ocean circulation modify this basin-scale pattern regionally. These results suggest that changes in the Atlantic Ocean circulation, similar to those projected by climate models to possibly occur in the centuries to come because of anthropogenic climate warming, can have large effects on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles even in remote areas. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006PA001384","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Schmittner, A., Galbraith, E., Hostetler, S.W., Pedersen, T.F., and Zhang, R., 2007, Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction: Paleoceanography, v. 22, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001384.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001384"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4479e4b0c8380cd66b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmittner, A.","contributorId":18977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmittner","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galbraith, E.D.","contributorId":20157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pedersen, Thomas F.","contributorId":13785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, R.","contributorId":56445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031358,"text":"70031358 - 2007 - A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:35:32","indexId":"70031358","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Ecological observations sustained over decades often reveal abrupt changes in biological communities that signal altered ecosystem states. We report a large shift in the biological communities of San Francisco Bay, first detected as increasing phytoplankton biomass and occurrences of new seasonal blooms that began in 1999. This phytoplankton increase is paradoxical because it occurred in an era of decreasing wastewater nutrient inputs and reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, contrary to the guiding paradigm that algal biomass in estuaries increases in proportion to nutrient inputs from their watersheds. Coincidental changes included sharp declines in the abundance of bivalve mollusks, the key phytoplankton consumers in this estuary, and record high abundances of several bivalve predators: Bay shrimp, English sole, and Dungeness crab. The phytoplankton increase is consistent with a trophic cascade resulting from heightened predation on bivalves and suppression of their filtration control on phytoplankton growth. These community changes in San Francisco Bay across three trophic levels followed a state change in the California Current System characterized by increased upwelling intensity, amplified primary production, and strengthened southerly flows. These diagnostic features of the East Pacific \"cold phase\" lead to strong recruitment and immigration of juvenile flatfish and crustaceans into estuaries where they feed and develop. This study, built from three decades of observation, reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of ocean-estuary connectivity. Interdecadal oceanic regime changes can propagate into estuaries, altering their community structure and efficiency of transforming land-derived nutrients into algal biomass.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0706151104","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Jassby, A.D., Thompson, J.K., and Hieb, K., 2007, A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 104, no. 47, p. 18561-18565, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"18561","endPage":"18565","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db2ee4b0589fa1c7e66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hieb, Kathryn","contributorId":174609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hieb","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031354,"text":"70031354 - 2007 - Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T13:25:58","indexId":"70031354","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents small-scale push–pull tests designed to evaluate the kinetic controls on&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;at mixing interfaces between a wetland and aquifer impacted by landfill leachate at the Norman Landfill research site, Norman, OK. Quantifying the rates of redox reactions initiated at interfaces is of great interest because interfaces have been shown to be zones of increased biogeochemical transformations and thus may play an important role in natural attenuation. To mimic the aquifer–wetland interface and evaluate reaction rates,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>-rich anaerobic aquifer water&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mi><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>100</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.25em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>mg</mtext><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>/</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>L</mtext><mspace width=&quot;0.35em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(∼100mg/LSO42-)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;was introduced into&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>-depleted wetland porewater via push–pull tests. Results showed&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction was stimulated by the mixing of these waters and first-order rate coefficients were comparable to those measured in other push–pull studies. However, rate data were complex involving either multiple first-order rate coefficients or a more complex rate order. In addition, a lag phase was observed prior to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction that persisted until the mixing interface between test solution and native water was recovered, irrespective of temporal and spatial constraints. The lag phase was not eliminated by the addition of electron donor (acetate) to the injected test solution. Subsequent push–pull tests designed to elucidate the nature of the lag phase support the importance of the mixing interface in controlling terminal electron accepting processes. These data suggest redox reactions may occur rapidly at the mixing interface between injected and native waters but not in the injected bulk water mass. Under these circumstances, push–pull test data should be evaluated to ensure the apparent rate is actually a function of time and that complexities in rate data be considered.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kneeshaw, T., McGuire, J., Smith, E.W., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2007, Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2618-2629, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2618","endPage":"2629","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Norman","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ccce4b0c8380cd52cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kneeshaw, T.A.","contributorId":78552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneeshaw","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Erik W.","contributorId":104659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031353,"text":"70031353 - 2007 - Consequences of land-cover misclassification in models of impervious surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-10T17:53:07.880351","indexId":"70031353","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of land-cover misclassification in models of impervious surface","docAbstract":"Model estimates of impervious area as a function of landcover area may be biased and imprecise because of errors in the land-cover classification. This investigation of the effects of land-cover misclassification on impervious surface models that use National Land Cover Data (NLCD) evaluates the consequences of adjusting land-cover within a watershed to reflect uncertainty assessment information. Model validation results indicate that using error-matrix information to adjust land-cover values used in impervious surface models does not substantially improve impervious surface predictions. Validation results indicate that the resolution of the landcover data (Level I and Level II) is more important in predicting impervious surface accurately than whether the land-cover data have been adjusted using information in the error matrix. Level I NLCD, adjusted for land-cover misclassification, is preferable to the other land-cover options for use in models of impervious surface. This result is tied to the lower classification error rates for the Level I NLCD. ?? 2007 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","doi":"10.14358/PERS.73.12.1343","usgsCitation":"McMahon, G., 2007, Consequences of land-cover misclassification in models of impervious surface: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 73, no. 12, p. 1343-1353, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.73.12.1343.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1353","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.73.12.1343","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d5e4b0c8380cd4d7e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031349,"text":"70031349 - 2007 - Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:01:08","indexId":"70031349","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two samples of produced-water collected from a storage tank at US Geological Survey research site B, near Skiatook Lake in northeastern Oklahoma, have activity concentrations of dissolved&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra and&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra that are about 1500 disintegrations/min/L (dpm/L). Produced-water also contains minor amounts of small (5–50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm) suspended grains of Ra-bearing BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(barite). Precipitation of radioactive barite scale in the storage tank is probably hindered by low concentrations of dissolved SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(2.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/L) in the produced-water. Sediments in a storage pit used to temporarily collect releases of produced-water have marginally elevated concentrations of “excess” Ra (several dpm/g), that are 15–65% above natural background values. Tank and pit waters are chemically oversaturated with barite, and some small (2–20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm) barite grains observed in the pit sediments could be transferred from the tank or formed in place. Measurements of the concentrations of Ba and excess Ra isotopes in the pit sediments show variations with depth that are consistent with relatively uniform deposition and progressive burial of an insoluble Ra-bearing host (barite?). The short-lived&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra isotope (half-life</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.76</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>a) shows greater reductions with depth than&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra (half-life</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>a), that are likely explained by radioactive decay. The&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra/</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra activity ratio of excess Ra in uppermost pit sediments (1.13–1.17) is close to the ratio measured in the samples of produced-water (0.97,</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1.14). Declines in Ra activity ratio (excess) with sediment depth can be used to estimate an average rate of burial of 4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm/a for the Ra-bearing contaminant. Local shallow ground waters contaminated with NaCl from produced-water have low dissolved Ra (&lt;20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>dpm/L) and also are oversaturated with barite. Barite is a highly insoluble Ra host that probably limits the environmental mobility of Ra at site B.</span><span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., and Budahn, J.R., 2007, Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2125-2137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2125","endPage":"2137","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Skiatook Lake","volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9fe4b0c8380cd6f6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031347,"text":"70031347 - 2007 - Does body size influence nest attendance? A comparison of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) and the larger, sympatric lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031347","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does body size influence nest attendance? A comparison of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) and the larger, sympatric lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens)","docAbstract":"The body-size hypothesis predicts that nest attendance is positively related to body size among waterfowl and that recess duration is inversely related to body size. Several physiological and behavioral characteristics of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) suggest that females of this species should maintain high nest attendance despite their relatively small body size. Accordingly, we used 8-mm films to compare the incubation behavior of Ross's geese to that of the larger, closely-related lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter, snow geese) nesting sympatrically at Karrak lake, Nunavut, Canada in 1993. We found that nest attendance averaged 99% for both species. Our results offer no support for the body-size hypothesis. We suggest that temperature requirements of embryos in relation to short incubation duration and a low foraging efficiency of females select for high nest attendance in both snow geese and Ross's geese. ?? Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10336-007-0169-6","issn":"00218375","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., Afton, A., and Alisauskas, R., 2007, Does body size influence nest attendance? A comparison of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) and the larger, sympatric lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens): Journal of Ornithology, v. 148, no. 4, p. 549-555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0169-6.","startPage":"549","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0169-6"},{"id":239954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038ce4b0c8380cd50527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031346,"text":"70031346 - 2007 - Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (Unionidae) in sediment and water-only exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031346","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (Unionidae) in sediment and water-only exposures","docAbstract":"We compared the sensitivity of two juvenile unionid mussels (Lampsilis cardium and Lampsilis higginsii) to ammonia in 96-h water-only and sediment tests by use of mortality and growth measurements. Twenty mussels were placed in chambers buried 2.5 cm into reference sediments to approximate pore-water exposure (sediment tests) or elevated above the bottom of the experimental units (water-only tests). In the sediment tests, a pH gradient existed between the overlying water (mean 8.0), sediment-water interface (mean 7.7), and 2.5 cm depth (mean 7.4). We assumed that mussels were exposed to ammonia in pore water and report effect concentrations in pore water, but if they were exposed to the higher pH water, more of the ammonia would be in the toxic un-ionized (NH 3) form. The only differences in toxicity and growth between mussel species occurred in some of the water-only tests. In sediment tests, median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 124 to 125 ??g NH3-N/L. In water-only tests, LC50s ranged from 157 to 372 ??g NH3-N/L. In sediment tests, median effective concentrations (EC50s based on growth) ranged from 30 to 32 ??g NH3-N/L. Juvenile mussels in the water-only tests grew poorly and did not exhibit a dose-response relation. These data demonstrate that growth is a sensitive and valuable endpoint for studies on ammonia toxicity with juvenile freshwater mussels and that growth should be measured via sediment tests. ?? 2007 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-245R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., and Bartsch, M., 2007, Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (Unionidae) in sediment and water-only exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2057-2065, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-245R.1.","startPage":"2057","endPage":"2065","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-245R.1"},{"id":239953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4661e4b0c8380cd67627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031342,"text":"70031342 - 2007 - Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031342","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region","docAbstract":"We used three isolated clusters of small ephemeral rock pools on a sandstone flat in Utah to test the importance of local structuring processes on aquatic invertebrate communities. In the three clusters we characterized all ephemeral rock pools (total: 27) for their morphometry, and monitored their water quality, hydrology and community assemblage during a full hydrocycle. In each cluster we also sampled a set of more permanent interconnected freshwater systems positioned in a wash, draining the water from each cluster of rock pools. This design allowed additional testing for the potential role of more permanent water bodies in the region as source populations for the active dispersers and the effect on the community structure in the rock pools. Species richness and community composition in the rock pools correlated with level of permanence and the ammonia concentration. The length of the rock pool inundation cycle shaped community structure, most probably by inhibiting colonization by some taxa (e.g. tadpoles and insect larvae) through developmental constraints. The gradient in ammonia concentrations probably reflects differences in primary production. The more permanent water bodies in each wash differed both environmentally and in community composition from the connected set of rock pools. A limited set of active dispersers was observed in the rock pools. Our findings indicate that aquatic invertebrate communities in the ephemeral rock pools are mainly structured through habitat permanence, possibly linked with biotic interactions and primary production. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Jocque, M., Graham, T., and Brendonck, L., 2007, Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region: Hydrobiologia, v. 592, no. 1, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7"},{"id":239885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"592","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e6e4b0c8380cd681eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jocque, M.","contributorId":92055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jocque","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, T.","contributorId":79694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brendonck, L.","contributorId":86172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendonck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031341,"text":"70031341 - 2007 - Manganese biogeochemistry in a central Czech Republic catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031341","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese biogeochemistry in a central Czech Republic catchment","docAbstract":"Mn biogeochemistry was studied from 1994 to 2003 in a small forested catchment in the central Czech Republic using the watershed mass balance approach together with measurements of internal stores and fluxes. Mn inputs in bulk deposition were relatively constant during a period of sharply decreasing acidic deposition, suggesting that the Mn source was terrestrial, and not from fossil fuel combustion. Mn inputs in bulk deposition and Mn supplied by weathering each averaged 13 mg m-2 year-1 (26 mg m -2 year-1 total input), whereas Mn export in streamwater and groundwater averaged 43 mg m-2 year-1. Thus an additional Mn source is needed to account for 17 mg m-2 year -1. Internal fluxes and pools of Mn were significantly greater than annual inputs and outputs. Throughfall Mn flux was 70 mg m-2 year-1, litterfall Mn flux was 103 mg m-2 year -1, and Mn net uptake by vegetation was 62 mg m-2 year-1. Large pools of labile or potentially labile Mn were present in biomass and surficial soil horizons. Small leakages from these large pools likely supply the additional Mn needed to close the watershed mass balance. This leakage may reflect an adjustment of the ecosystem to recent changes in atmospheric acidity. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9474-1","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Navratil, T., Shanley, J.B., Skrivan, P., Kram, P., Mihaljevic, M., and Drahota, P., 2007, Manganese biogeochemistry in a central Czech Republic catchment: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 186, no. 1-4, p. 149-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9474-1.","startPage":"149","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9474-1"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ca7e4b0c8380cd69ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Navratil, T.","contributorId":32352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navratil","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skrivan, P.","contributorId":14197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kram, P.","contributorId":84549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kram","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mihaljevic, M.","contributorId":74578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihaljevic","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drahota, P.","contributorId":26139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drahota","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031337,"text":"70031337 - 2007 - Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T12:20:35","indexId":"70031337","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis","docAbstract":"<p>Steep biogeochemical gradients were measured at mixing interfaces in a wetland-aquifer system impacted by landfill leachate in Norman, Oklahoma. The system lies within a reworked alluvial plain and is characterized by layered low hydraulic conductivity wetland sediments interbedded with sandy aquifer material. Using cm-scale passive diffusion samplers, \"peepers\", water samples were collected in a depth profile to span interfaces between surface water and a sequence of deeper sedimentary layers. Geochemical indicators including electron acceptors, low-molecular-weight organic acids, base cations, and NH4+ were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and field techniques to maximize the small sample volumes available from the centimeter-scale peepers. Steep concentration gradients of biogeochemical indicators were observed at various interfaces including those created at sedimentary boundaries and boundaries created by heterogeneities in organic C and available electron acceptors. At the sediment-water interface, chemical profiles with depth suggest that SO42 - and Fe reduction dominate driven by inputs of organic C from the wetland and availability of electron acceptors. Deeper in the sediments (not associated with a lithologic boundary), a steep gradient of organic acids (acetate maximum 8.8 mM) and NH4+ (maximum 36 mM) is observed due to a localized source of organic matter coupled with the lack of electron acceptor inputs. These findings highlight the importance of quantifying the redox reactions occurring in small interface zones and assessing their role on biogeochemical cycling at the system scale.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I.M., Raymond, A., and Welsh, L., 2007, Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2664-2683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2664","endPage":"2683","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3ede4b0c8380cd4ba31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S.","contributorId":47583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welsh, L.","contributorId":30038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}