Landslides are common in aquatic settings worldwide, from lakes and coastal environments to the deep sea. Fast-moving, large-volume landslides can potentially trigger destructive tsunamis. Landslides damage and disrupt global communication links and other critical marine infrastructure. Landslide deposits act as foci for localized, but important, deep-seafloor biological communities. Under burial, landslide deposits play an important role in a successful petroleum system. While the broad importance of understanding subaqueous landslide processes is evident, a number of important scientific questions have yet to receive the needed attention. Collecting quantitative data is a critical step to addressing questions surrounding subaqueous landslides.
Quantitative metrics of subaqueous landslides are routinely recorded, but which ones, and how they are defined, depends on the end-user focus. Differences in focus can inhibit communication of knowledge between communities, and complicate comparative analysis. This study outlines an approach specifically for consistent measurement of subaqueous landslide morphometrics to be used in the design of a broader, global open-source, peer-curated database. Examples from different settings illustrate how the approach can be applied, as well as the difficulties encountered when analysing different landslides and data types. Standardizing data collection for subaqueous landslides should result in more accurate geohazard predictions and resource estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.15","usgsCitation":"Clare, M., Chaytor, J., Dabson, O., Gamboa, D., Georgiopoulou, A., Eady, H., Hunt, J., Jackson, C., Katz, O., Krastel, S., Leon, R., Micallef, A., Moernaut, J., Moriconi, R., Moscardelli, L., Mueller, C., Normandeau, A., Patacci, M., Steventon, M., Urlaub, M., Volker, D., Wood, L., and Jobe, Z.R., 2018, A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 477, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.15.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-090342","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp477.15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"477","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clare, Michael","contributorId":213585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clare","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38805,"text":"National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dabson, Oliver","contributorId":213586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dabson","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38806,"text":"CH2M, Elms House, 43 Brook Green, London W6 7EF, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamboa, Davide","contributorId":213587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gamboa","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38807,"text":"British Geological Survey, Room 0.73 Cardiff University Main Building, Cardiff CF110 3AT, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Georgiopoulou, Aggeliki","contributorId":213588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Georgiopoulou","given":"Aggeliki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38808,"text":"UCD School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eady, Harry","contributorId":213589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eady","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38809,"text":"Fugro GeoServices Limited, Fugro House, Hithercroft Road, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 9RB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunt, James","contributorId":213884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jackson, Christopher","contributorId":213885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Katz, Oded","contributorId":213590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Oded","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38810,"text":"Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krastel, Sebastian","contributorId":175295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krastel","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leon, Ricardo","contributorId":213591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leon","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38811,"text":"IGME, Geological Survey of Spain, 28003 Madrid, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Micallef, Aaron","contributorId":175297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Micallef","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moernaut, Jasper","contributorId":194084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moernaut","given":"Jasper","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Moriconi, Roberto","contributorId":213592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moriconi","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38812,"text":"Formerly Fugro Oceansismica S.P.A., 268 Viale Lenormant Charles, Roma, RM 00126, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moscardelli, Lorena","contributorId":147083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moscardelli","given":"Lorena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mueller, Christof","contributorId":175298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Christof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36364,"text":"Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS), Lower Hutt, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Normandeau, Alexandre","contributorId":213593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Normandeau","given":"Alexandre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38813,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada - Atlantic, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Patacci, Marco","contributorId":213594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patacci","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38814,"text":"Institute of Applied Geoscience, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Steventon, Michael","contributorId":213595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steventon","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38815,"text":"Basins Research Group (BRG), Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW72BP, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Urlaub, Morelia","contributorId":213596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urlaub","given":"Morelia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38816,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Volker, David","contributorId":213597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Volker","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38817,"text":"David Völker, Marum - Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, der Universität Bremen, Postfach 330 440, 28334, Bremen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wood, Lesli","contributorId":213886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Lesli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Jobe, Zane R.","contributorId":207547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jobe","given":"Zane","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37560,"text":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70196208,"text":"70196208 - 2018 - Parasitism and the biodiversity-functioning relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T13:36:41","indexId":"70196208","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasitism and the biodiversity-functioning relationship","docAbstract":"Biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning.
Biodiversity may decrease or increase parasitism.
Parasites impair individual hosts and affect their role in the ecosystem.
Parasitism, in common with competition, facilitation, and predation, could regulate BD-EF relationships.
Parasitism affects host phenotypes, including changes to host morphology, behavior, and physiology, which might increase intra- and interspecific functional diversity.
The effects of parasitism on host abundance and phenotypes, and on interactions between hosts and the remaining community, all have potential to alter community structure and BD-EF relationships.
Global change could facilitate the spread of invasive parasites, and alter the existing dynamics between parasites, communities, and ecosystems.
Species interactions can influence ecosystem functioning by enhancing or suppressing the activities of species that drive ecosystem processes, or by causing changes in biodiversity. However, one important class of species interactions – parasitism – has been little considered in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BD-EF) research. Parasites might increase or decrease ecosystem processes by reducing host abundance. Parasites could also increase trait diversity by suppressing dominant species or by increasing within-host trait diversity. These different mechanisms by which parasites might affect ecosystem function pose challenges in predicting their net effects. Nonetheless, given the ubiquity of parasites, we propose that parasite–host interactions should be incorporated into the BD-EF framework.
Introduced species are frequently implicated in declines of native species. In many cases, however, evidence linking introduced species to native declines is weak. Failure to make strong inferences regarding the role of introduced species can hamper attempts to predict population viability and delay effective management responses. For many species, mark–recapture analysis is the more rigorous form of demographic analysis. However, to our knowledge, there are no mark–recapture models that allow for joint modeling of interacting species. Here, we introduce a two‐species mark–recapture population model in which the vital rates (and capture probabilities) of one species are allowed to vary in response to the abundance of the other species. We use a simulation study to explore bias and choose an approach to model selection. We then use the model to investigate species interactions between endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) and introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River between 2009 and 2016. In particular, we test hypotheses about how two environmental factors (turbidity and temperature), intraspecific density dependence, and rainbow trout abundance are related to survival, growth, and capture of juvenile humpback chub. We also project the long‐term effects of different rainbow trout abundances on adult humpback chub abundances. Our simulation study suggests this approach has minimal bias under potentially challenging circumstances (i.e., low capture probabilities) that characterized our application and that model selection using indicator variables could reliably identify the true generating model even when process error was high. When the model was applied to rainbow trout and humpback chub, we identified negative relationships between rainbow trout abundance and the survival, growth, and capture probability of juvenile humpback chub. Effects on interspecific interactions on survival and capture probability were strongly supported, whereas support for the growth effect was weaker. Environmental factors were also identified to be important and in many cases stronger than interspecific interactions, and there was still substantial unexplained variation in growth and survival rates. The general approach presented here for combining mark–recapture data for two species is applicable in many other systems and could be modified to model abundance of the invader via other modeling approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2166","usgsCitation":"Yackulic, C.B., Korman, J., Yard, M., and Dzul, M.C., 2018, Inferring species interactions through joint mark–recapture analysis: Ecology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 812-821, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2166.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"821","ipdsId":"IP-086832","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC81T9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Humpback Chub (Gila cypha) and Rainbow Trout Joint Mark-Recapture Data and Model, Colorado River, Arizona"},{"id":352758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f7e4b0da30c1bfbfde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":139960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13333,"text":"Ecometric Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027 myard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":2889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","email":"myard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzul, Maria C. 0000-0002-4798-5930 mdzul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-5930","contributorId":5469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzul","given":"Maria","email":"mdzul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210225,"text":"70210225 - 2018 - Long-term population dynamics and conservation risk of migratory bull trout in the upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-21T14:39:43.455562","indexId":"70210225","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-24T09:35:52","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term population dynamics and conservation risk of migratory bull trout in the upper Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"We used redd count data from 88 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations in the upper Columbia River basin to quantify local and regional patterns in population dynamics, including adult abundance, long-term trend, and population synchrony. We further used this information to assess conservation risk of metapopulations using eight population dynamic metrics associated with persistence. Local population abundances were generally low (<20 redds annually) and the majority of trends were either stable (85%) or declining (13%). Evidence of synchrony among populations was apparent but not related to fluvial distance between streams. Variability in annual abundances was 1.4–2.5 times lower in metapopulations than local populations, indicating moderate portfolio effects across the regional stock complex. Importantly, most metrics of conservation risk were uncorrelated with one another, emphasizing that multiple statistics describing population dynamics at various scales are needed for monitoring and assessing recovery. We provide a composite description of conservation risk based on local and regional population dynamics that can help inform conservation management decisions for bull trout and other freshwater fishes.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0466","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R., Armstrong, J., David Schmetterling, Al-Chokhachy, R., and Muhlfeld, C.C., 2018, Long-term population dynamics and conservation risk of migratory bull trout in the upper Columbia River basin: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1960-1968, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0466.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1960","endPage":"1968","ipdsId":"IP-091943","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 44.84029065139799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Jonathan","contributorId":224821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"David Schmetterling","contributorId":224822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David Schmetterling","affiliations":[{"id":40948,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert 0000-0002-2136-5098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":216703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196107,"text":"70196107 - 2018 - Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T08:59:44","indexId":"70196107","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa","title":"Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa","docAbstract":"Endangered Hawai‘i ʻĀkepas (Loxops coccineus) are endemic to Hawai‘i island, where they occur in five spatially distinct populations. Data concerning the status and population trends of these unique Hawaiian honeycreepers are crucial for assessing the effectiveness of recovery and management actions. In 2016, we used point‐transect distance sampling to estimate the abundance of Hawai‘i ʻĀkepas in portions of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) and the Kaʻū Forest Reserve (KFR) on Mauna Loa volcano. We then compiled the survey data from four other populations to provide a global population estimate. In our HAVO and KFR study area, we mapped habitat classes to determine the population densities in each habitat. Densities were highest (1.03 birds/ha) in open‐canopy montane ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) woodland. In contrast, densities of the largest ʻĀkepa population on Mauna Kea volcano were highest in closed‐canopy ʻōhiʻa and koa (Acacia koa) forest where the species is dependent on nest cavities in tall (> 15 m), large (> 50‐cm diameter at breast height) trees. We surveyed potential nesting habitat in HAVO and KFR and found only one cavity in the short‐stature montane ʻōhiʻa woodland and five cavities in the tall‐stature forest. Differences in densities between the Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa populations suggest that Hawai‘i ʻĀkepas may exhibit different foraging and nesting behaviors in the two habitats. The estimated overall population density in the HAVO and KFR study area was 0.52 birds/ha, which equates to 3663 (95% CI 1725–6961) birds in their 11,377‐ha population range. We calculated a global population of 16,428 (95% CI 10,065–25,198) birds, which is similar to an estimate of 13,892 (95% CI 10,315–17,469) birds made in 1986. Our results suggest that populations are stable to increasing in the two largest populations, but the three other populations are smaller (range = 77–1443 birds) and trends for those populations are unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12243","usgsCitation":"Judge, S.W., Camp, R.J., Hart, P.J., and Kichman, S.T., 2018, Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12243.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-094596","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S181SV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"HAVO Montane Ohia Diameter and Cavity Data 2017"},{"id":352647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa","volume":"89","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fbe4b0da30c1bfc00e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judge, Seth W.","contributorId":8718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judge","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":116175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kichman, Scott T.","contributorId":203396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kichman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36609,"text":"NPS, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196095,"text":"70196095 - 2018 - Challenges in complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate – lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T09:08:21","indexId":"70196095","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges in complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate – lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes","docAbstract":"Assessing climate-related ecological changes across spatiotemporal scales meaningful to resource managers is challenging because no one method reliably produces essential data at both fine and broad scales. We recently confronted such challenges while integrating data from ground- and satellite-based sensors for an assessment of four wetland-rich study areas in the U.S. Midwest. We examined relations between temperature and precipitation and a set of variables measured on the ground at individual wetlands and another set measured via satellite sensors within surrounding 4 km2 landscape blocks. At the block scale, we used evapotranspiration and vegetation greenness as remotely sensed proxies for water availability and to estimate seasonal photosynthetic activity. We used sensors on the ground to coincidentally measure surface-water availability and amphibian calling activity at individual wetlands within blocks. Responses of landscape blocks generally paralleled changes in conditions measured on the ground, but the latter were more dynamic, and changes in ecological conditions on the ground that were critical for biota were not always apparent in measurements of related parameters in blocks. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of decisions and assumptions we made in applying the remotely sensed data for the assessment and the value of integrating observations across scales, sensors, and disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s18030880","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Sadinski, W.J., Brown, J.F., Senay, G., and Roth, M.F., 2018, Challenges in complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate – lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes: Sensors, v. 18, no. 3, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030880.","productDescription":"Article 880; 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-094477","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8S3H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data files supporting the paper titled "Complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes""},{"id":352650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadinski, Walter J. wsadinski@usgs.gov","contributorId":3287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadinski","given":"Walter","email":"wsadinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":152206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roth, Mark F. 0000-0001-5095-1865 mroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1865","contributorId":3286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Mark","email":"mroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196077,"text":"70196077 - 2018 - Prey fish returned to Forster’s tern colonies suggest spatial and temporal differences in fish composition and availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T15:20:12","indexId":"70196077","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey fish returned to Forster’s tern colonies suggest spatial and temporal differences in fish composition and availability","docAbstract":"Predators sample the available prey community when foraging; thus, changes in the environment may be reflected by changes in predator diet and foraging preferences. We examined Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri) prey species over an 11-year period by sampling approximately 10,000 prey fish returned to 17 breeding colonies in south San Francisco Bay, California. We compared the species composition among repeatedly-sampled colonies (≥ 4 years), using both relative species abundance and the composition of total dry mass by species. Overall, the relative abundances of prey species at seven repeatedly-sampled tern colonies were more different than would be expected by chance, with the most notable differences in relative abundance observed between geographically distant colonies. In general, Mississippi silverside (Menidia audens) and topsmelt silverside (Atherinops affinis) comprised 42% of individuals and 40% of dry fish mass over the study period. Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) comprised the next largest proportion of prey species by individuals (19%) but not by dry mass (6%). Five additional species each contributed ≥ 4% of total individuals collected over the study period: yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus; 10%), longjaw mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis; 8%), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii; 6%), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax; 4%), and staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus; 4%). At some colonies, the relative abundance and biomass of specific prey species changed over time. In general, the abundance and dry mass of silversides increased, whereas the abundance and dry mass of three-spined stickleback and longjaw mudsucker decreased. As central place foragers, Forster’s terns are limited in the distance they forage; thus, changes in the prey species returned to Forster’s tern colonies suggest that the relative availability of some fish species in the environment has changed, possibly in response to alteration of the available habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0193430","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Herzog, M.P., and Hartman, C.A., 2018, Prey fish returned to Forster’s tern colonies suggest spatial and temporal differences in fish composition and availability: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 3, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193430.","productDescription":"e0193430; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-090278","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1QXT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Prey fish returned to Forsters tern colonies in South San Francisco Bay during 2005-2015"},{"id":352619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.6\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 37.6\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 37.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H. 0000-0003-2773-3901 sepeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-3901","contributorId":167181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"sepeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249425,"text":"70249425 - 2018 - Attribution analysis of the Ethiopian drought of 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T14:09:55.757687","indexId":"70249425","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-15T09:01:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attribution analysis of the Ethiopian drought of 2015","docAbstract":"In northern and central Ethiopia, 2015 was a very dry year. Rainfall was only from one-half to three-quarters of the usual amount, with both the “belg” (February–May) and “kiremt” rains (June–September) affected. The timing of the rains that did fall was also erratic. Many crops failed, causing food shortages for many millions of people. The role of climate change in the probability of a drought like this is investigated, focusing on the large-scale precipitation deficit in February–September 2015 in northern and central Ethiopia. Using a gridded analysis that combines station data with satellite observations, it is estimated that the return period of this drought was more than 60 years (lower bound 95% confidence interval), with a most likely value of several hundred years. No trend is detected in the observations, but the large natural variability and short time series means large trends could go undetected in the observations. Two out of three large climate model ensembles that simulated rainfall reasonably well show no trend while the third shows an increased probability of drought. Taking the model spread into account the drought still cannot be clearly attributed to anthropogenic climate change, with the 95% confidence interval ranging from a probability decrease between preindustrial and today of a factor of 0.3 and an increase of a factor of 5 for a drought like this one or worse. A soil moisture dataset also shows a nonsignificant drying trend. According to ENSO correlations in the observations, the strong 2015 El Niño did increase the severity of the drought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0274.1","usgsCitation":"Philip, S., Kew, S.F., van Oldenborgh, G.J., Otto, F., O’Keefe, S., Haustein, K., King, A.L., Zegeye, A., Eshetu, Z., Hailemariam, K., Singh, R., Jjemba, E., Funk, C., and Cullen, H., 2018, Attribution analysis of the Ethiopian drought of 2015: Journal of Climate, v. 31, no. 6, p. 2465-2486, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0274.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2465","endPage":"2486","ipdsId":"IP-091117","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f057b9f9-2a54-4a67-9c5f-492b38cdb84d","text":"External 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Ethiopia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Singh, Roop","contributorId":330677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Roop","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78962,"text":"Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jjemba, Eddie","contributorId":330678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jjemba","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78962,"text":"Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cullen, Heidi","contributorId":330679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullen","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78963,"text":"Climate Central, Princeton, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70196043,"text":"ofr20181034 - 2018 - A conservation paradox in the Great Basin—Altering sagebrush landscapes with fuel breaks to reduce habitat loss from wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T16:33:34","indexId":"ofr20181034","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1034","title":"A conservation paradox in the Great Basin—Altering sagebrush landscapes with fuel breaks to reduce habitat loss from wildfire","docAbstract":"Interactions between fire and nonnative, annual plant species (that is, “the grass/fire cycle”) represent one of the greatest threats to sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems and associated wildlife, including the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). In 2015, U.S. Department of the Interior called for a “science-based strategy to reduce the threat of large-scale rangeland fire to habitat for the greater sage-grouse and the sagebrush-steppe ecosystem.” An associated guidance document, the “Integrated Rangeland Fire Management Strategy Actionable Science Plan,” identified fuel breaks as high priority areas for scientific research. Fuel breaks are intended to reduce fire size and frequency, and potentially they can compartmentalize wildfire spatial distribution in a landscape. Fuel breaks are designed to reduce flame length, fireline intensity, and rates of fire spread in order to enhance firefighter access, improve response times, and provide safe and strategic anchor points for wildland fire-fighting activities. To accomplish these objectives, fuel breaks disrupt fuel continuity, reduce fuel accumulation, and (or) increase plants with high moisture content through the removal or modification of vegetation in strategically placed strips or blocks of land.
Fuel breaks are being newly constructed, enhanced, or proposed across large areas of the Great Basin to reduce wildfire risk and to protect remaining sagebrush ecosystems (including greater sage-grouse habitat). These projects are likely to result in thousands of linear miles of fuel breaks that will have direct ecological effects across hundreds of thousands of acres through habitat loss and conversion. These projects may also affect millions of acres indirectly because of edge effects and habitat fragmentation created by networks of fuel breaks. Hence, land managers are often faced with a potentially paradoxical situation: the need to substantially alter sagebrush habitats with fuel breaks to ultimately reduce a greater threat of their destruction from wildfire. However, there is relatively little published science that directly addresses the ability of fuel breaks to influence fire behavior in dryland landscapes or that addresses the potential ecological effects of the construction and maintenance of fuel breaks on sagebrush ecosystems and associated wildlife species.
This report is intended to provide an initial assessment of both the potential effectiveness of fuel breaks and their ecological costs and benefits. To provide this assessment, we examined prior studies on fuel breaks and other scientific evidence to address three crucial questions: (1) How effective are fuel breaks in reducing or slowing the spread of wildfire in arid and semi-arid shrubland ecosystems? (2) How do fuel breaks affect sagebrush plant communities? (3) What are the effects of fuel breaks on the greater sage-grouse, other sagebrush obligates, and sagebrush-associated wildlife species? We also provide an overview of recent federal policies and management directives aimed at protecting remaining sagebrush and greater sage-grouse habitat; describe the fuel conditions, fire behavior, and fire trends in the Great Basin; and suggest how scientific inquiry and management actions can improve our understanding of fuel breaks and their effects in sagebrush landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D.J., Aldridge, C.L., Coates, P.S., Germino, M.J., Pilliod, D.S., and Vaillant, N.M., 2018, A conservation paradox in the Great Basin—Altering sagebrush landscapes with fuel breaks to reduce habitat loss from wildfire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1034, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181034.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092468","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352532,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1034/ofr20181034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1034"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Thermal evolution modeling has yielded a variety of interior structures for Ceres, ranging from a modestly differentiated interior to more advanced evolution with a dry silicate core, a hydrated silicate mantle, and a volatile‐rich crust. Here we compute the mass and hydrostatic flattening from more than one hundred billion three‐layer density models for Ceres and describe the characteristics of the population of density structures that are consistent with the Dawn observations. We show that the mass and hydrostatic flattening constraints from Ceres indicate the presence of a high‐density core with greater than a 1σ probability, but provide little constraint on the density, allowing for core compositions that range from hydrous and/or anhydrous silicates to a mixture of metal and silicates. The crustal densities are consistent with surface observations of salts, water ice, carbonates, and ammoniated clays, which indicate hydrothermal alteration, partial fractionation, and the possible settling of heavy sulfide and metallic particles, which provide a potential process for increasing mass with depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/maps.13063","usgsCitation":"King, S., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Toplis, M.J., Bland, M.T., Raymond, C.A., and Russell, C.T., 2018, Ceres internal structure from geophysical constraints: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1999-2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13063.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1999","endPage":"2007","ipdsId":"IP-092685","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13063","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ceres","volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, S.J.","contributorId":197182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castillo-Rogez, J. C.","contributorId":177375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo-Rogez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toplis, M. J.","contributorId":238461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toplis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47711,"text":"University of Toulouse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raymond, C. A.","contributorId":238463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, C. T.","contributorId":238465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238845,"text":"70238845 - 2018 - Migratory hummingbirds make their own rules: The decision to resume migration along a barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T13:13:44.648361","indexId":"70238845","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-13T07:10:57","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory hummingbirds make their own rules: The decision to resume migration along a barrier","docAbstract":"Knowing how naïve migrants respond to intrinsic and extrinsic factors experienced en route will allow a more thorough understanding of the endogenous migratory programme. To understand how inexperienced individuals respond to ecological features, we tracked the migratory departures of juvenile ruby-throated hummingbirds, Archilochus colubris, one of the smallest (∼ 3 g) and least-studied migrants, along the Gulf of Mexico during southbound migration using an international automated radiotelemetry system. The recent miniaturization of radiotags provides a novel method to track one of the smallest migratory birds, rendering the first information on departure decisions of known hummingbirds in relation to an ecological barrier. Using weather conditions and individual attributes, we also determined which factors influenced the time and direction of departure from a coastal stopover site. Most migrants (83%) departed in the morning, and daily departure time was only influenced by stopover duration, the amount of time spent at a stopover site. The majority (77%) of departure orientations paralleled the coastline, and we found little influence of any factor on departure direction. Our results reveal that (1) juvenile hummingbirds departing coastal Alabama move in a direction indicative of a circum-Gulf path during southbound migration and (2) departure decisions support a fly-and-forage strategy in which hummingbirds likely take advantage of resources along the coast while moving towards their destination.
Camera trapping surveys frequently capture individuals whose identity is only known from a single flank. The most widely used methods for incorporating these partial identity individuals into density analyses discard some of the partial identity capture histories, reducing precision, and, while not previously recognized, introducing bias. Here, we present the spatial partial identity model (SPIM), which uses the spatial location where partial identity samples are captured to probabilistically resolve their complete identities, allowing all partial identity samples to be used in the analysis. We show that the SPIM outperforms other analytical alternatives. We then apply the SPIM to an ocelot data set collected on a trapping array with double-camera stations and a bobcat data set collected on a trapping array with single-camera stations. The SPIM improves inference in both cases and, in the ocelot example, individual sex is determined from photographs used to further resolve partial identities—one of which is resolved to near certainty. The SPIM opens the door for the investigation of trapping designs that deviate from the standard two camera design, the combination of other data types between which identities cannot be deterministically linked, and can be extended to the problem of partial genotypes.
","language":"English","publisher":"IMS","doi":"10.1214/17-AOAS1091","usgsCitation":"Augustine, B.C., Royle, J., Kelly, M.J., Satter, C.B., Alonso, R.S., Boydston, E.E., and Crooks, K.R., 2018, Spatial capture–recapture with partial identity: An application to camera traps: Annals of Applied Statistics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 67-95, https://doi.org/10.1214/17-AOAS1091.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-088130","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1214/17-aoas1091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ffe4b0da30c1bfc048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, Ben C.","contributorId":203257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augustine","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Marcella J.","contributorId":179348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Marcella","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satter, Christopher B.","contributorId":203259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satter","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alonso, Robert S.","contributorId":93739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alonso","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":51137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195883,"text":"70195883 - 2018 - Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:03:47","indexId":"70195883","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels are among the most-imperiled organisms worldwide, although they provide a variety of important functions in the streams and rivers they inhabit. Among Atlantic-slope rivers, the Delaware River is known for its freshwater mussel diversity and biomass; however, limited data are available on the freshwater mussel fauna in the lower, non-tidal portion of the river. This section of the Delaware River has experienced decades of water-quality degradation from both industrial and municipal sources, primarily as a function of one of its major tributaries, the Lehigh River. We completed semi-quantitative snorkel surveys in 53.5 of the 121 km of the river to document mussel community composition and the continued impacts from pollution (particularly inputs from the Lehigh River) on mussel fauna. We detected changes in mussel catch per unit effort (CPUE) below the confluence of the Lehigh River, with significant declines in the dominant species Elliptio complanata (Eastern Elliptio) as we moved downstream from its confluence—CPUE dropped from 179 to 21 mussels/h. Patterns in mussel distribution around the Lehigh confluence matched chemical signatures of Lehigh water input. Specifically, Eastern Elliptio CPUE declined more quickly moving downstream on the Pennsylvania bank, where Lehigh River water input was more concentrated compared to the New Jersey bank. A definitive causal link remains to be established between the Lehigh River and the dramatic shifts in mussel community composition, warranting continued investigation as it relates to mussel conservation and restoration in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Publications","doi":"10.1656/045.025.0106","usgsCitation":"Blakeslee, C.J., Silldorff, E.L., and Galbraith, H.S., 2018, Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 25, no. 1, p. 101-116, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.0106.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-073172","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.25909423828125,\n 40.18097176388719\n ],\n [\n -74.7344970703125,\n 40.18097176388719\n ],\n [\n -74.7344970703125,\n 40.99855696412671\n ],\n [\n -75.25909423828125,\n 40.99855696412671\n ],\n [\n -75.25909423828125,\n 40.18097176388719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70ce4b0da30c1bfc06f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silldorff, Erik L.","contributorId":203041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silldorff","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36569,"text":"Delaware River Basin Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196885,"text":"70196885 - 2018 - Doublethink and scale mismatch polarize policies for an invasive tree","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T15:27:25","indexId":"70196885","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Doublethink and scale mismatch polarize policies for an invasive tree","docAbstract":"Mismatches between invasive species management policies and ecological knowledge can lead to profound societal consequences. For this reason, natural resource agencies have adopted the scientifically-based density-impact invasive species curve to guide invasive species management. We use the density-impact model to evaluate how well management policies for a native invader (Juniperus virginiana) match scientific guidelines. Juniperus virginiana invasion is causing a sub-continental regime shift from grasslands to woodlands in central North America, and its impacts span collapses in endemic diversity, heightened wildfire risk, and crashes in grazing land profitability. We (1) use land cover data to identify the stage of Juniperus virginiana invasion for three ecoregions within Nebraska, USA, (2) determine the range of invasion stages at individual land parcel extents within each ecoregion based on the density-impact model, and (3) determine policy alignment and mismatches relative to the density-impact model in order to assess their potential to meet sustainability targets and avoid societal impacts as Juniperus virginiana abundance increases. We found that nearly all policies evidenced doublethink and policy-ecology mismatches, for instance, promoting spread of Juniperus virginiana regardless of invasion stage while simultaneously managing it as a native invader in the same ecoregion. Like other invasive species, theory and literature for this native invader indicate that the consequences of invasion are unlikely to be prevented if policies fail to prioritize management at incipient invasion stages. Theory suggests a more realistic approach would be to align policy with the stage of invasion at local and ecoregion management scales. There is a need for scientists, policy makers, and ecosystem managers to move past ideologies governing native versus non-native invader classification and toward a framework that accounts for the uniqueness of native species invasions, their anthropogenic drivers, and their impacts on ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0189733","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C.P., Uden, D.R., Allen, C.R., and Twidwell, D., 2018, Doublethink and scale mismatch polarize policies for an invasive tree: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 3, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189733.","productDescription":"e0189733; 20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-092986","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189733","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70ce4b0da30c1bfc06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Caleb P. 0000-0002-8716-0423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-0423","contributorId":197604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Caleb","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twidwell, Dirac","contributorId":187431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twidwell","given":"Dirac","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196799,"text":"70196799 - 2018 - Climate-related variation in plant peak biomass and growth phenology across Pacific Northwest tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T16:01:37","indexId":"70196799","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-related variation in plant peak biomass and growth phenology across Pacific Northwest tidal marshes","docAbstract":"The interannual variability of tidal marsh plant phenology is largely unknown and may have important ecological consequences. Marsh plants are critical to the biogeomorphic feedback processes that build estuarine soils, maintain marsh elevation relative to sea level, and sequester carbon. We calculated Tasseled Cap Greenness, a metric of plant biomass, using remotely sensed data available in the Landsat archive to assess how recent climate variation has affected biomass production and plant phenology across three maritime tidal marshes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. First, we used clipped vegetation plots at one of our sites to confirm that tasseled cap greenness provided a useful measure of aboveground biomass (r2 = 0.72). We then used multiple measures of biomass each growing season over 20–25 years per study site and developed models to test how peak biomass and the date of peak biomass varied with 94 climate and sea-level metrics using generalized linear models and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) model selection. Peak biomass was positively related to total annual precipitation, while the best predictor for date of peak biomass was average growing season temperature, with the peak 7.2 days earlier per degree C. Our study provides insight into how plants in maritime tidal marshes respond to interannual climate variation and demonstrates the utility of time-series remote sensing data to assess ecological responses to climate stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2018.01.006","usgsCitation":"Buffington, K., Dugger, B.D., and Thorne, K., 2018, Climate-related variation in plant peak biomass and growth phenology across Pacific Northwest tidal marshes: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 202, p. 212-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.01.006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-093014","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F18XZR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for climate-related variation in plant peak biomass and growth phenology across Pacific Northwest tidal marshes"},{"id":353900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"202","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70de4b0da30c1bfc084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":176167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198339,"text":"70198339 - 2018 - Individual species–area relationships in temperate coniferous forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T08:55:23","indexId":"70198339","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T08:55:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual species–area relationships in temperate coniferous forests","docAbstract":"Questions
What drives individual species–area relationships in temperate coniferous forests?
Location
Two 25.6‐ha forest plots on the Pacific Slope of North America, one in California, and one in Washington State.
Methods
We mapped all trees ≥1 cm in diameter and examined tree species diversity of their local neighbourhoods by calculating the individual species–area relationship for each species and for each of three diameter classes (saplings, mature trees and large‐diameter trees).
Results
In the California plot, small trees in four of the five major species occurred in neighbourhoods with higher levels of diversity than would be expected at random. In the Washington plot, small trees for four of five abundant species had neighbourhoods with lower than expected diversity at distances ≤5 m for small trees. However, at distances >5 m, all five species showed higher than expected diversity in their neighbourhoods. Larger trees at both plots tended to occur in neighbourhoods with lower than expected diversity, and no large‐diameter focal species had neighbourhoods with higher than expected diversity.
Conclusion
Diversity and co‐existence in temperate conifer‐dominated forests do not appear to be the result of random processes. Competitive interactions appear to dominate for the largest trees of most species, resulting in neighbourhoods with lower diversity. For smaller trees, we suggest that a positive response to environmental heterogeneity is the likely driver of neighbourhoods with higher than expected diversity, although we cannot rule out the possibility that facilitation or conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) also play a role.
The National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) targeted gas hydrate accumulations offshore of the Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin. The primary objectives of coring were to understand the geologic and geochemical controls on the accumulation of methane hydrate and their linkages to underlying petroleum systems. Four areas were investigated: 1) the Kerala-Konkan Basin in the eastern Arabian Sea, 2) the Mahanadi and 3) Krishna-Godavari Basins in the western Bay of Bengal, and 4) the Andaman forearc Basin in the Andaman Sea.
Upward flux of methane at three of the four of the sites cored during NGHP-01 is apparent from the presence of seafloor mounds, seismic evidence for upward gas migration, shallow sub-seafloor geochemical evidence of methane oxidation, and near-seafloor gas composition that resembles gas from depth.
The Kerala-Konkan Basin well contained only CO2 with no detectable hydrocarbons suggesting there is no gas hydrate system here. Gas and gas hydrate from the Krishna-Godavari Basin is mainly microbial methane with δ13C values ranging from −58.9 to −78.9‰, with small contributions from microbial ethane (−52.1‰) and CO2. Gas from the Mahanadi Basin was mainly methane with lower concentrations of C2-C5 hydrocarbons (C1/C2 ratios typically >1000) and CO2. Carbon isotopic compositions that ranged from −70.7 to −86.6‰ for methane and −62.9 to −63.7‰ for ethane are consistent with a microbial gas source; however deeper cores contained higher molecular weight hydrocarbon gases suggesting a small contribution from a thermogenic gas source. Gas composition in the Andaman Basin was mainly methane with lower concentrations of ethane to isopentane and CO2, C1/C2 ratios were mainly >1000 although deeper samples were <1000. Carbon isotopic compositions range from −65.2 to −80.7‰ for methane, −53.1 to −55.2‰ for ethane is consistent with mainly microbial gas sources, although one value recorded of −35.4‰ for propane suggests a thermogenic source. Gas hydrate accumulations in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins are the result of a microbially sourced gas hydrate system. The system is enhanced by the migration of microbial gas from surrounding areas through pathways including high-porosity delta sands, shale diapirism, faulting and folding of sediment due to the local processes associated with rapid sediment deposition, sediment overpressure, and the recycling of methane from a rapidly upward moving gas hydrate stability zone. The gas hydrate system in the Andaman Basin is less well constrained due to lack of exploration and occurs in a forearc basin. Each of these hydrate-bearing systems overlies and is likely supported by the presence and possible migration of gas from deeper gas-prone petroleum systems currently generating thermogenic hydrocarbons at much greater depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.011","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., and Collett, T.S., 2018, National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 offshore India; gas hydrate systems as revealed by hydrocarbon gas geochemistry: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 92, p. 477-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"492","ipdsId":"IP-077202","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","volume":"92","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee711e4b0da30c1bfc0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, Thomas 0000-0001-7669-2873 tlorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-2873","contributorId":174599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"Thomas","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196831,"text":"70196831 - 2018 - Efficacy of otoliths and first dorsal spines for preliminary age and growth determination in Atlantic Tripletails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T11:47:18","indexId":"70196831","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of otoliths and first dorsal spines for preliminary age and growth determination in Atlantic Tripletails","docAbstract":"The Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis is a popular sport fish for which age and growth data are scarce in general and nonexistent for Georgia (GA), USA, waters. These data are necessary to ensure that management regulations are adequate to protect this species, especially given its popularity as a sport fish. We evaluated whether otoliths and spines were suitable for determining the estimated age (hereafter, “age”) and growth rates of Atlantic Tripletails, and we ascertained whether one method was more accurate than the other. Atlantic Tripletails were sampled by angling and trawling during March 30–August 10, 2009, and March 14–August 6, 2010, in nearshore GA waters of the Atlantic Ocean. During the study, 243 Atlantic Tripletails were captured and sampled for aging structures. Sagittal otoliths and the first dorsal spine were removed from each fish and used to estimate the age and growth rate. Mean differences in TL at age for spine and otolith data were evaluated with ANOVA. Estimated ages for males and females ranged from 1 to 5 years based on otoliths and spines. Both otolith and spine mean TLs at ages 1 and 2 were significantly different from each other as well as all other age‐classes, whereas mean TLs for ages 3–5 were not significantly different. Differences in Atlantic Tripletail TL among the otolith‐ and spine‐derived age‐classes were not significant. Each method used to age Atlantic Tripletails had advantages and disadvantages. Otoliths had higher initial reader agreement than spines, although agreement between the structures was 84.1%. However, otoliths require sacrifice of the fish, whereas a spine can be taken without sacrificing the fish. The lack of concrete life history data and population estimates suggests that when feasible, nonlethal aging methods would be preferred over lethal methods to ensure the survival of Atlantic Tripletail populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10008","usgsCitation":"Parr, R.T., Bringolf, R.B., and Jennings, C.A., 2018, Efficacy of otoliths and first dorsal spines for preliminary age and growth determination in Atlantic Tripletails: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 10, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-088371","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.47598266601562,\n 31.009394042537934\n ],\n [\n -81.30226135253906,\n 31.009394042537934\n ],\n [\n -81.30226135253906,\n 31.15934638141426\n ],\n [\n -81.47598266601562,\n 31.15934638141426\n ],\n [\n -81.47598266601562,\n 31.009394042537934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70fe4b0da30c1bfc09c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parr, Russell T.","contributorId":204692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parr","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196690,"text":"70196690 - 2018 - Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T16:59:59","indexId":"70196690","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic field data obtained through the INTERMAGNET program are convolved with with magnetotelluric surface impedance from four EarthScope USArray sites to estimate the geoelectric variations throughout the duration of a magnetic storm. A duration of time from June 22, 2016, to June 25, 2016, is considered which encompasses a magnetic storm of moderate size recorded at the Brandon, Manitoba and Fredericksburg, Virginia magnetic observatories over 3 days. Two impedance sites were chosen in each case which represent different responses while being within close geographic proximity and within the same physiographic zone. This study produces estimated time series of the geoelectric field throughout the duration of a magnetic storm, providing an understanding of how the geoelectric field differs across small geographic distances within the same physiographic zone. This study shows that the geoelectric response of two sites within 200 km of one another can differ by up to two orders of magnitude (4484 mV/km at one site and 41 mV/km at another site 125 km away). This study demonstrates that the application of uniform 1-dimensional conductivity models of the subsurface to wide geographic regions is insufficient to predict the geoelectric hazard at a given site. This necessitates that an evaluation of the 3-dimensional conductivity distribution at a given location is necessary to produce a reliable estimation of how the geoelectric field evolves over the course of a magnetic storm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40623-018-0807-7","usgsCitation":"Cuttler, S.W., Love, J.J., and Swidinsky, A., 2018, Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 70, Article 35; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0807-7.","productDescription":"Article 35; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-092919","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0807-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70fe4b0da30c1bfc0a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuttler, Stephen W.","contributorId":204450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cuttler","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swidinsky, Andrei","contributorId":146924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swidinsky","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196225,"text":"70196225 - 2018 - Stability and change in kelp forest habitats at San Nicolas Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T16:29:35.001376","indexId":"70196225","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability and change in kelp forest habitats at San Nicolas Island","docAbstract":"Kelp forest communities are highly variable over space and time. Despite this complexity it has been suggested that kelp forest communities can be classified into one of 2 states: kelp dominated or sea urchin dominated. It has been further hypothesized that these represent “alternate stable states” because a site can remain in either of these states for decades before some perturbation causes a rapid shift to the other state. Our research group has maintained a subtidal community monitoring program for 38 years at San Nicolas Island consisting of twice-annual scuba-based surveys at 6 sites distributed within 4 regions around the island. Three types of perturbations are thought to be relevant to subtidal community dynamics at San Nicolas: (1) physical disturbances in the form of major storm and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events; (2) invertebrate diseases, which periodically decimate urchin populations; and (3) the reintroduction and subsequent increase of sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). These 3 perturbations differ in spatial and temporal specificity; physical disturbances and disease outbreaks occur periodically and could affect all 4 regions, while sea otter predation has been concentrated primarily at the West End sites over the last 15 years. The different types of perturbations and the duration of the time series at the kelp forests at San Nicolas make the data set ideal for testing the “alternate stable state” hypothesis. We use nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to examine spatial and temporal patterns of community similarity at the 4 regions. In particular, we evaluate support for the existence of stable states, which are represented on NMDS plots as distinct spatial clusters. Community dynamics at each site approximated a biased random walk in NMDS space, with one or more basins of attraction and occasional jumps between basins. We found evidence for alternative stable states at some sites, and we show that transitions from one stable state to another may be influenced by interactions between multiple perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western North American Naturalist Publications","doi":"10.3398/064.078.0407","usgsCitation":"Kenner, M.C., and Tinker, M.T., 2018, Stability and change in kelp forest habitats at San Nicolas Island: Western North American Naturalist, v. 78, no. 4, p. 633-643, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.078.0407.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"643","ipdsId":"IP-086463","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol78/iss4/14","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.58824157714842,\n 33.20881849225547\n ],\n [\n -119.42893981933592,\n 33.20881849225547\n ],\n [\n -119.42893981933592,\n 33.289785856885224\n ],\n [\n -119.58824157714842,\n 33.289785856885224\n ],\n [\n -119.58824157714842,\n 33.20881849225547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee710e4b0da30c1bfc0b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenner, Michael C. 0000-0003-4659-461X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-461X","contributorId":203543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195819,"text":"70195819 - 2018 - Species distribution modeling in regions of high need and limited data: waterfowl of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:59:14","indexId":"70195819","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5641,"text":"Avian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species distribution modeling in regions of high need and limited data: waterfowl of China","docAbstract":"Background
A number of conservation and societal issues require understanding how species are distributed on the landscape, yet ecologists are often faced with a lack of data to develop models at the resolution and extent desired, resulting in inefficient use of conservation resources. Such a situation presented itself in our attempt to develop waterfowl distribution models as part of a multi-disciplinary team targeting the control of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in China.
Methods
Faced with limited data, we built species distribution models using a habitat suitability approach for China’s breeding and non-breeding (hereafter, wintering) waterfowl. An extensive review of the literature was used to determine model parameters for habitat modeling. Habitat relationships were implemented in GIS using land cover covariates. Wintering models were validated using waterfowl census data, while breeding models, though developed for many species, were only validated for the one species with sufficient telemetry data available.
Results
We developed suitability models for 42 waterfowl species (30 breeding and 39 wintering) at 1 km resolution for the extent of China, along with cumulative and genus level species richness maps. Breeding season models showed highest waterfowl suitability in wetlands of the high-elevation west-central plateau and northeastern China. Wintering waterfowl suitability was highest in the lowland regions of southeastern China. Validation measures indicated strong performance in predicting species presence. Comparing our model outputs to China’s protected areas indicated that breeding habitat was generally better covered than wintering habitat, and identified locations for which additional research and protection should be prioritized.
Conclusions
These suitability models are the first available for many of China’s waterfowl species, and have direct utility to conservation and habitat planning and prioritizing management of critically important areas, providing an example of how this approach may aid others faced with the challenge of addressing conservation issues with little data to inform decision making.
Globally, changing fire regimes due to climate is one of the greatest threats to ecosystems and society. In this paper, we present projections of future fire probability for the southcentral USA using downscaled climate projections and the Physical Chemistry Fire Frequency Model (PC2FM). Future fire probability is projected to both increase and decrease across the study region of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Among all end-of-century projections, change in fire probabilities (CFPs) range from − 51 to + 240%. Greatest absolute increases in fire probability are shown for areas within the range of approximately 75 to 160 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP), regardless of climate model. Although fire is likely to become more frequent across the southcentral USA, spatial patterns may remain similar unless significant increases in precipitation occur, whereby more extensive areas with increased fire probability are predicted. Perhaps one of the most important results is illumination of climate changes where fire probability response (+, −) may deviate (i.e., tipping points). Fire regimes of southcentral US ecosystems occur in a geographic transition zone from reactant- to reaction-limited conditions, potentially making them uniquely responsive to different scenarios of temperature and precipitation changes. Identification and description of these conditions may help anticipate fire regime changes that will affect human health, agriculture, species conservation, and nutrient and water cycling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-018-2156-8","usgsCitation":"Stambaugh, M.C., Guyette, R.P., Stroh, E.D., Struckhoff, M.A., and Whittier, J.B., 2018, Future southcentral US wildfire probability due to climate change: Climate Change, v. 147, no. 3-4, p. 617-631, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2156-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"631","ipdsId":"IP-088702","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":202826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13706,"text":"University of Missouri-Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guyette, Richard P.","contributorId":176595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyette","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 estroh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-4647","contributorId":2813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"Esther","email":"estroh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Struckhoff, Matthew A. 0000-0002-4911-9956 mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195753,"text":"70195753 - 2018 - The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:10:32","indexId":"70195753","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","docAbstract":"Loess is widely distributed over Asia and North America and constitutes one of the most important surficial deposits that serve as terrestrial records of the Quaternary. The oldest Pleistocene loess in China is likely ∼2.6 Ma, thus spanning much or all of the Pleistocene. In North America, most loess is no older than the penultimate glacial period, with the exception of Alaska, where the record may go back to ∼3.0 Ma. On both continents, loess deposits date primarily to glacial periods, and interglacial or interstadial periods are represented by paleosols. Both glacial and non-glacial sources of silts that comprise the bulk of loess deposits are found on both continents. Although loess has been considered to be representative of the average upper continental crust, there are regionally distinctive compositions of loess in both Asia and North America. Loess deposits in Asia from Yakutia, Tajikistan, and China have compositionally distinct major element compositions, due to varying abundances of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, and clay minerals. In North America, loess in the Mississippi River valley, the Great Plains, and Alaska are also distinguishable with regard to major element composition that reflects highly diverse source sediments. Trace element geochemistry (Sc-Th-Zr and the rare earth elements) also shows regional diversity of loess bodies, in both Asia and North America. On both continents, most loess bodies show significant contributions from later-cycle, altered sedimentary rocks, as opposed to direct derivation from igneous rocks. Further, some loess bodies have detectable contributions from mafic igneous rocks as well as major contributions from average, upper-crustal, felsic rocks. Intercalated paleosols in loess sections show geochemical compositions that differ significantly from the underlying loess parent materials. Ratios of soluble-to-insoluble elements show depletions in paleosols due to chemical weathering losses of calcite, dolomite, plagioclase, mica, apatite, and smectite. In Asia and North America, the last interglacial paleosol is more weathered than equivalent modern soils, which could be due either to a climate that was warmer and more humid, a longer period of pedogenesis, or both. In Asia, early Pleistocene loess and paleosols are both more weathered than those from the middle and late Pleistocene, forming prior to a mid-Pleistocene aridification of Asia from uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the geochemistry of loess and paleosols can tell us much about past atmospheric circulation, past temperature and moisture regimes, and even tectonic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., 2018, The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 155, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-091000","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":140288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196797,"text":"70196797 - 2018 - AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T15:52:43","indexId":"70196797","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management","docAbstract":"Agencies are increasingly called upon to implement their natural resource management programs within an adaptive management (AM) framework. This article provides the background and motivation for the R package, AMModels. AMModels was developed under R version 3.2.2. The overall goal of AMModels is simple: To codify knowledge in the form of models and to store it, along with models generated from numerous analyses and datasets that may come our way, so that it can be used or recalled in the future. AMModels facilitates this process by storing all models and datasets in a single object that can be saved to an .RData file and routinely augmented to track changes in knowledge through time. Through this process, AMModels allows the capture, development, sharing, and use of knowledge that may help organizations achieve their mission. While AMModels was designed to facilitate adaptive management, its utility is far more general. Many R packages exist for creating and summarizing models, but to our knowledge, AMModels is the only package dedicated not to the mechanics of analysis but to organizing analysis inputs, analysis outputs, and preserving descriptive metadata. We anticipate that this package will assist users hoping to preserve the key elements of an analysis so they may be more confidently revisited at a later date.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0188966","usgsCitation":"Donovan, T.M., and Katz, J., 2018, AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 2, p. 1-57, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188966.","productDescription":"e0188966; 57","startPage":"1","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-081371","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188966","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Jonathan","contributorId":8370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195674,"text":"70195674 - 2018 - Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T09:51:12","indexId":"70195674","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA","docAbstract":"The loss of wetland habitats and their often-unique biological communities is a major environmental concern. We examined vegetation data obtained from 380 wetlands sampled in a statistical survey of wetlands in the USA. Our goal was to identify which surrounding land cover types best predict two indices of vegetation quality in wetlands at the regional scale. We considered palustrine wetlands in four regions (Coastal Plains, North Central East, Interior Plains, and West) in which the dominant vegetation was emergent, forested, or scrub-shrub. For each wetland, we calculated weighted proportions of eight land cover types surrounding the area in which vegetation was assessed, in four zones radiating from the edge of the assessment area to 2 km. Using Akaike's Information Criterion, we determined the best 1-, 2- and 3-predictor models of the two indices, using the weighted proportions of the land cover types as potential predictors. Mean values of the two indices were generally higher in the North Central East and Coastal Plains than the other regions for forested and emergent wetlands. In nearly all cases, the best predictors of the indices were not the dominant surrounding land cover types. Overall, proportions of forest (positive effect) and agriculture (negative effect) surrounding the assessment area were the best predictors of the two indices. One or both of these variables were included as predictors in 65 of the 72 models supported by the data. Wetlands surrounding the assessment area had a positive effect on the indices, and ranked third (33%) among the predictors included in supported models. Development had a negative effect on the indices and was included in only 28% of supported models. These results can be used to develop regional management plans for wetlands, such as creating forest buffers around wetlands, or to conserve zones between wetlands to increase habitat connectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.107","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Gara, B., and Schumacher, W., 2018, Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 619-620, p. 366-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.107.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"375","ipdsId":"IP-088234","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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