Coastal managers have faced increasing pressure to manage their resources wisely over the last century as a result of heightened development and changing environmental forcing. It is crucial to understand seasonal changes in beach volume and shape in order to identify areas vulnerable to accelerated erosion. Shepard (1950) was among the first to quantify seasonal beach cycles. Sonu and Van Beek (1971) and Wright et al. (1985) described commonly occurring beach states. Most studies utilize widest spaced 2-D cross shore profiles or shorelines extracted from aerial photographs (e.g. Winant et al. 1975; Aubrey, 1979, Aubrey and Ross, 1985; Larson and Kraus, 1994; Jimenez et al., 1977; Lacey and Peck, 1998; Guillen et al., 1999; Norcorss et al., 2002) to analyzed systematic changes in beach evolution. But with the exception of established field stations, such as Duck, NC (Birkemeier and Mason, 1984), ans Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station (HORS) in Japan (Katoh, 1997), there are very few beach change data sets with high temporal and spatial resolutions (e.g. Dail et al., 2000; Ruggiero et al., 2005; Yates et al., in press). Comprehensive sets of nearshore morphological data and local in situ measurements outside of these field stations are very rare and virtually non-existent high-energy coasts. Studied that have attempted to relate wave statistics to beach morphology change require some knowledge of the nearshore wave climate, and have had limited success using offshore measurement (Sonu and Van Beek, 1971; Dail et al., 2000).
\nThe primary objective of this study is to qualitatively compare spatially variable nearshore wave predictions to beach change measurements in order to understand the processes responsible for a persistent erosion 'hotspot' at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA. Local wave measurements are used to calibrate and validate a wave model that provides nearshore wave prediction along the beach. The model is run for thousands of binned offshore wave conditions to help isolate the effects of offshore wave direction and period on nearshore wave predictions. Alongshore varying average beach change statistics are computed at specific profile locations from topographic beach surveys and lidar data.
\nThe study area is located in the San Francisco Bight in central California. Ocean Beach is a seven kilometer long north-south trending sandy coastline located just south of the entrance to the San Francisco Bay Estuary (Figure 1). It contains an erosion hotspot in the southern part of the beach which has resulted in damage to local infrastructure and is the cause of continued concern. A wide range of field data collection and numerical modeling efforts have been focused here as part of the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) San Francisco Bight Coastal Processes Study, which began in October 2003 and represents the first comprehensive study of coastal processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay.
\nOcean Beach is exposed to very strong tidal flows, with measured currents often in excess of 1 m/s at the north end of the beach. Current profiler measurements indicate that current magnitudes are greater in the northern portion of the beach, while wave energy is greater in the southern portion where erosion problems are greatest (Barnard et al., 2007). The sub-aerial beach volume fluctuates seasonally over a maximum envelope of 400,000 m3 for the seven kilometer stretch (Barnard et al, 2007). The wave climate in the region is dominated by an abundance of low frequency energy (greater than 20 s period) and prevailing northwest incident wave angles. The application of a wave model to the region is further complicated by the presence of the Farallon Islands 40 kilometers west, and a massive ebb tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay (~150 km2), which creates complicated refraction patterns as wave energy moves from offshore Ocean Beach; however the cost and threat of the energetic nearshore environment have limited the temporal and spatial resolution of these measurements. Applying numerical models to predict wave and current patterns along the beach can help supplement the filed data that exists and provide opportunities to make prediction about the impacts of changing environmental forcing.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"10th International Workshop on Wind Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazard Symposium: North Shore, Oahu, November 11-16, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wave Workshop","usgsCitation":"Eshleman, J.L., Barnard, P., Erikson, L., and Hanes, D.M., 2007, Coupling alongshore variations in wave energy to beach morphologic change using the SWAN wave model at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA, in 10th International Workshop on Wind Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazard Symposium: North Shore, Oahu, November 11-16, 2007, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292189,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waveworkshop.org/10thWaves/ProgramFrameset.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.596909,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.693335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd44e4b0f61b386d23b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eshleman, Jodi L.","contributorId":91940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H.","contributorId":10880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199124,"text":"70199124 - 2007 - Overview of issues in subsurface and landfill microbiology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T10:15:07","indexId":"70199124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:12:28","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"65","title":"Overview of issues in subsurface and landfill microbiology","docAbstract":"To date, the majority of evidence indicates that most subsurface environments possess climax ecological communities that are well adapted to the environment in which they live. Like their counterparts on the surface, subsurface ecosystems are characterized by a high degree of microbiological diversity, they possess trophic structure, and they exhibit material cycling and energy transfer. Members of such ecosystems typically possess structural, physiological, or reproductive adaptations that allow them to disperse and survive in such habitats. Current studies argue that microbial activities influence the geochemical processes in both landfills and subsurface environments and that the altered geochemistry, in turn, influences the selection of microorganisms proliferating in the habitat. However, while microbial activity may often be limited by the availability of electron donors in uncontaminated aquifer systems, this is rarely the case with landfills. Sections in this chapter provide investigators with a greater understanding of the experimental approaches needed to study the microbiology of the terrestrial subsurface and an appreciation of interpretational limits imposed by the existing methodologies. The hope is that further study of subsurface microorganisms will provide insights into the process of microbial evolution and possibly into the origins of life itself.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of environmental microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/9781555815882.ch65","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Suflita, J.M., McInerney, M.K., and Mills, A., 2007, Overview of issues in subsurface and landfill microbiology, chap. 65 of Manual of environmental microbiology, p. 795-798, https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815882.ch65.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"798","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c09de4b0702d0e845c33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hurst, C. J.","contributorId":206942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, R.","contributorId":175434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744244,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garland, J.","contributorId":100268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744245,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipson, D.A.","contributorId":207564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744246,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, A.L.","contributorId":33485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744247,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stetzenbach, L.D.","contributorId":207563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stetzenbach","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744248,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McInerney, Michael K.","contributorId":196370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInerney","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, Aaron L.","contributorId":189745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Aaron L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032956,"text":"70032956 - 2007 - Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:37:04","indexId":"70032956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget","docAbstract":"Because freshwater covers such a small fraction of the Earth's surface area, inland freshwater ecosystems (particularly lakes, rivers, and reservoirs) have rarely been considered as potentially important quantitative components of the carbon cycle at either global or regional scales. By taking published estimates of gas exchange, sediment accumulation, and carbon transport for a variety of aquatic systems, we have constructed a budget for the role of inland water ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Our analysis conservatively estimates that inland waters annually receive, from a combination of background and anthropogenically altered sources, on the order of 1.9 Pg C y-1 from the terrestrial landscape, of which about 0.2 is buried in aquatic sediments, at least 0.8 (possibly much more) is returned to the atmosphere as gas exchange while the remaining 0.9 Pg y-1 is delivered to the oceans, roughly equally as inorganic and organic carbon. Thus, roughly twice as much C enters inland aquatic systems from land as is exported from land to the sea. Over prolonged time net carbon fluxes in aquatic systems tend to be greater per unit area than in much of the surrounding land. Although their area is small, these freshwater aquatic systems can affect regional C balances. Further, the inclusion of inland, freshwater ecosystems provides useful insight about the storage, oxidation and transport of terrestrial C, and may warrant a revision of how the modern net C sink on land is described. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.J., Prairie, Y., Caraco, N., McDowell, W.H., Tranvik, L., Striegl, R.G., Duarte, C., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J.A., Middelburg, J.J., and Melack, J., 2007, Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget: Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 1, p. 171-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8.","startPage":"171","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477031,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.177.3527","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c91e4b0c8380cd79a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prairie, Y.T.","contributorId":72191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prairie","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caraco, N.F.","contributorId":47150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caraco","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDowell, W. 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A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Melack, J.","contributorId":35453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70031531,"text":"70031531 - 2007 - Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, CO - A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T21:12:43","indexId":"70031531","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, CO - A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources","docAbstract":"The Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex is a 31-kM2 (12-sq mile) alkalic intrusion located about 35 km (22 miles) south-southwest of Gunnison, CO. The intrusion has been well studied and described because of its classic petrology and architecture ofa carbonatite-alkalic complex. The complex is also noteworthy because it contains enrichments of titanium, rare earth elements, thorium, niobium (columbium), vanadium and deposits of vermiculite and nepheline syenite. In particular, the complex is thought to host the largest titanium and niobium resources in the United States, although neither has been developed. It may be economic to extract multiple resources from this complex with a well-coordinated mine and mill plan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., and Lowers, H., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, CO - A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, no. 10, p. 56-62.","startPage":"56","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267930,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&page=56"}],"volume":"59","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3edee4b0c8380cd640e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, B. 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Climate is a proxy for the factors that determine whether a population will reproduce enough to offset mortality. Previous climate matching models (e.g., Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction [GARP]) for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) were unsatisfactory, perhaps because the models failed to allow different combinations of climate attributes to influence a species’ range limits in different parts of the range. Therefore, we explored the climate space described by bivariate parameters of native range temperature and rainfall, allowing up to two months of aestivation in the warmer portions of the range, or four months of hibernation in temperate climes. We found colonization area to be minimally sensitive to assumptions regarding hibernation temperature thresholds. Although brown treesnakes appear to be limited by dry weather in the interior of Australia, aridity rarely limits potential distribution in most of the world. Potential colonization area in North America is limited primarily by cold. Climatically suitable portions of the United States (US) mainland include the Central Valley of California, mesic patches in the Southwest, and the southeastern coastal plain from Texas to Virginia.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species – Proceedings of a Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G.H., Reed, R., and Jarnevich, C.S., 2007, Climate matching as a tool for predicting potential North American spread of Brown Treesnakes, in Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species – Proceedings of a Symposium, p. 138-145.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/symposia/invasive_symposium/content/Rodda138_145_MVIS.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdaee4b0f1bea0e0f81b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Witmer, G.W.","contributorId":35429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witmer","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642805,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitt, W. C.","contributorId":172967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642806,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagerstone, K.A.","contributorId":33943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagerstone","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642807,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":141036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033079,"text":"70033079 - 2007 - Mount St. Helens Petrology Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:01:12","indexId":"70033079","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount St. Helens Petrology Workshop","docAbstract":"Following seismic activity in late September 2004, the current eruption of Mount St. Helens began with an explosive steam and ash emission on 1 October 2004, with hot dacite emerging from the crater floor on 11 October 2004. Nearly two years later, with more than 80 million cubic meters of erupted dacite, accompanied by rare explosions and predominantly shallow seismicity questions still remain about what initiated and what is sustaining the eruption.
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Cascade Volcano Observatory (CVO) hosted the 2006 Mount St. Helens Petrology Workshop in Vancouver, Wash., on 27–30 August 2006. With many of the more than 40 workshop participants finalizing contributions to a USGS Professional Paper on the current Mount St. Helens eruption, the workshop was a timely opportunity to share results, reconcile interpretations, and plan future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007EO020004","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Rowe, M.C., Pallister, J.S., and Grunder, A.L., 2007, Mount St. Helens Petrology Workshop: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 2, p. 15-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO020004.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007eo020004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.0833\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.0833\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ea4e4b0c8380cd70b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Michael C.","contributorId":79191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grunder, Anita L.","contributorId":194549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grunder","given":"Anita","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179369,"text":"70179369 - 2007 - An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T14:07:27","indexId":"70179369","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5248,"text":"Advances in Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon","docAbstract":"The historical, political and scientific aspects of salmon hatchery programmes designed to enhance fishery production, or to recover endangered populations, are reviewed. We start by pointing out that the establishment of hatcheries has been a political response to societal demands for harvest and conservation; given this social context, we then critically examined the levels of activity, the biological risks, and the economic analysis associated with salmon hatchery programmes. A rigorous analysis of the impacts of hatchery programmes was hindered by the lack of standardized data on release sizes and survival rates at all ecological scales, and since hatchery programme objectives are rarely defined, it was also difficult to measure their effectiveness at meeting release objectives. Debates on the genetic effects of hatchery programmes on wild fish have been dominated by whether correct management practices can reduce negative outcomes, but we noted that there has been an absence of programmatic research approaches addressing this important issue. Competitive interactions between hatchery and wild fish were observed to be complex, but studies researching approaches to reduce these interactions at all ecological scales during the entire salmon life history have been rare, and thus are not typically considered in hatchery management. Harvesting of salmon released from fishery enhancement hatcheries likely impacts vulnerable wild populations; managers have responded to this problem by mass marking hatchery fish, so that fishing effort can be directed towards hatchery populations. However, we noted that the effectiveness of this approach is dependant on accurate marking and production of hatchery fish with high survival rates, and it is not yet clear whether selective fishing will prevent overharvest of wild populations. Finally, research demonstrating disease transmission from hatchery fish to wild populations was observed to be equivocal; evidence in this area has been constrained by the lack of effective approaches to studying the fate of pathogens in the wild. We then reviewed several approaches to studying the economic consequences of hatchery activities intended to inform the social decisions surrounding programmes, but recognized that placing monetary value on conservation efforts or on hatcheries that mitigate cultural groups’ loss of historical harvest opportunities may complicate these analyses. We noted that economic issues have rarely been included in decision making on hatchery programmes. We end by identifying existing major knowledge gaps, which, if filled, could contribute towards a fuller understanding of the role that hatchery programmes could play in meeting divergent goals. However, we also recognized that many management recommendations arising from such research may involve trade-offs between different risks, and that decisions about these trade-offs must occur within a social context. Hatcheries have played an important role in sustaining some highly endangered populations, and it is possible that reform of practices will lead to an increase in the number of successful programmes. However, a serious appraisal of the role of hatcheries in meeting broader needs is urgently warranted and should take place at the scientific, but more effectively, at the societal level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(07)53002-6","usgsCitation":"Naish, K., Taylor, J.E., Levin, P.S., Quinn, T.P., Winton, J.R., Huppert, D., and Hilborn, R., 2007, An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon: Advances in Marine Biology, v. 53, p. 61-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(07)53002-6.","productDescription":"134 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ce4b0cd2dabe7c4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naish, Kerry A.","contributorId":20243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"Kerry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Joseph E. III","contributorId":177764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Joseph","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levin, Phillip S.","contributorId":177765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17601,"text":"NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huppert, Daniel","contributorId":177766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huppert","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hilborn, Ray","contributorId":177767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilborn","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031807,"text":"70031807 - 2007 - Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:35:32","indexId":"70031807","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol","docAbstract":"Adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 ng/l (nominal concentrations) of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 3, 10, and 30 μg/l (nominal concentrations) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) under flow-through conditions for a period of 28 d. Low mortality was observed at 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 and the growth of fish reduced significantly at 25 ng/l EE2 compared to controls. However, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments and in 10 and 30 μg/l NP treatments (p < 0.05). Renal somatic indices (RSI) of male fish in EE2 treatments were significantly higher than those in controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, significantly decreased GSI and RSI of female fish could only be observed in 5 and 25 ng/l EE2treatments (p < 0.05). Hepatosomatic indices (HSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 25 ng/l EE2 treatments. However, significantly increased of HSI of female fish could only be observed in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction could be observed in males after exposed to different concentrations of EE2 and NP, and plasma VTG concentrations in females exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 were also significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). At level higher than 5 ng/l EE2 or 30 μg/l NP, hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment of males could be observed. The pathological male liver was associated with a hypertrophy of hepatocytes and damages to cellar structure and accumulated eosinophilic material. Renal tissue showed different pathological effects which was reflected by accumulated eosinophilic material, hemorrhages within the kidney tubules and hypertrophy of the tubular epithelia. Also at these levels of exposure, feminization of male fish could be noticed and parts of males manifested the testis-ova phenomenon. Ovaries of female rare minnow in 25 ng/l EE2 treatment group were degenerated. Therefore when exposed to EE2 and NP even at environmental observed concentrations, adverse effects could occur in the reproductive system of adult fishes. The observed hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment should be due to the induction and accumulation of VTG in organs, especially in males.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Zha, J., Wang, Z., Wang, N., and Ingersoll, C., 2007, Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol: Chemosphere, v. 66, no. 3, p. 488-495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"495","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502563,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/22562","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3154e4b0c8380cd5de27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zha, J.","contributorId":28809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.","contributorId":70189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031839,"text":"70031839 - 2007 - Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70031839","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities","docAbstract":"Assessing the abundance and distribution of mammalian carnivores is vital for understanding their ecology and providing for their long-term conservation. Because of the difficulty of trapping and handling carnivores many studies have relied on abundance indices that may not accurately reflect real abundance and distribution patterns. We developed statistical analyses that detect spatial correlation in visitation data from combined scent station and camera-trap surveys, and we illustrate how to use such data to make inferences about changes in carnivore assemblages. As a case study we compared the carnivore communities of adjacent communal and freehold rangelands in central Namibia. We used an index of overdispersion to test for repeat visits to individual camera-trap scent stations and a bootstrap simulation to test for correlations in visits to camera neighbourhoods. After distilling our presence-absence data to the most defensible spatial scale, we assessed overall carnivore visitation using logistic regression. Our analyses confirmed the expected pattern of a depauparate fauna on the communal rangelands compared to the freehold rangelands. Additionally, the species that were not detected on communal sites were the larger-bodied carnivores. By modelling these rare visits as a Poisson process we illustrate a method of inferring whether or not such patterns are because of local extinction of species or are simply a result of low sample effort. Our Namibian case study indicates that these field methods and analyses can detect meaningful differences in the carnivore communities brought about by anthropogenic influences. ?? 2007 FFI.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oryx","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S0030605306001414","issn":"00306053","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M.J., Sanjayan, M., Lowenstein, J., Nelson, A., Jeo, R., and Crooks, K., 2007, Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities: Oryx, v. 41, no. 1, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605306001414.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477176,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306001414","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605306001414"},{"id":242850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6dae4b0c8380cd850b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, M. J.","contributorId":44262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanjayan, M.","contributorId":71407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanjayan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstein, J.","contributorId":101902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, A.","contributorId":50343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeo, R.M.","contributorId":58485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeo","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crooks, K.R.","contributorId":81679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crooks","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80736,"text":"sir20075016 - 2007 - San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) Rare Plant Monitoring Review and Revision","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"sir20075016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5016","title":"San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) Rare Plant Monitoring Review and Revision","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) was developed for the conservation of plants and animals in the south part of San Diego County, under the California Natural Community Conservation Planning Act of 1991 (California Department of Fish and Game) and the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S. Code 1531-1544.) The Program is on the leading edge of conservation, as it seeks to both guide development and conserve at-risk species with the oversight of both State and Federal agencies. Lands were identified for inclusion in the MSCP based on their value as habitat for at-risk plants or plant communities (Natural Community Conservation Planning, 2005). Since its inception in the mid-1990s the Program has protected over 100,000 acres, involving 15 jurisdictions and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) in the conservation of 87 taxa. Surveys for covered species have been conducted, and management and monitoring have been implemented at some high priority sites. Each jurisdiction or agency manages and monitors their conservation areas independently, while collaborating regionally for long-term protection.\r\n\r\nThe San Diego MSCP is on the forefront of conservation, in one of the most rapidly growing urban areas of the country. The planning effort that developed the MSCP was state-of-the-art, using expert knowledge, spatial habitat modeling, and principles of preserve design to identify and prioritize areas for protection. Land acquisition and protection are ahead of schedule for most jurisdictions. Surveys have verified the locations of many rare plant populations known from earlier collections, and they provide general information on population size and health useful for further conservation planning. Management plans have been written or are in development for most MSCP parcels under jurisdictional control. Several agencies are developing databases for implementation and management tracking. In many ways this program is at the cutting edge of regional conservation, testing concepts, developing techniques, and demonstrating conservation effectiveness in new and uncharted ways. Periodic program review is crucial to the continued success of the program, as it moves from a phase of planning and acquisition to one of management and monitoring.\r\n\r\nEcological monitoring is the key to assessing the success of the protection and management implemented at each individual reserve and for the MSCP as a whole. The ultimate goal of the Program is conservation of at-risk taxa and their habitats, as well as underlying ecological processes that contribute to sustainability of the ecosystem. Monitoring guidelines and timetables were developed by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. (1996), and reviewed by Conservation Biology Institute (2001). The Program is in transition now, from the initial stage of land protection to one of land management and monitoring to determine population responses to management regimes. Several agencies have already invested substantial effort in status and trend monitoring, while others are developing their monitoring plans. Management is ongoing at several sites. With both management and monitoring, collaboration and coordination among jurisdictions can be especially fruitful in conserving resources and maximizing success.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075016","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., Pavlik, B.M., Rebman, J., and Sutter, R., 2007, San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) Rare Plant Monitoring Review and Revision: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5016, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075016.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.33333333333333,32.416666666666664 ], [ -117.33333333333333,33.25 ], [ -116.66666666666667,33.25 ], [ -116.66666666666667,32.416666666666664 ], [ -117.33333333333333,32.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":2411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlik, Bruce M.","contributorId":13327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlik","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rebman, Jon","contributorId":12945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebman","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutter, Rob","contributorId":8193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80849,"text":"ofr20071266 - 2007 - Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T16:06:14","indexId":"ofr20071266","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1266","title":"Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"To better plan for and implement long-term ecological monitoring, we measured riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic features at pilot study sites on four wadeable perennial stream reaches, representative of drainages across the Colorado Plateau. Our primary objectives were to (1) collect field data, (2) evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of various ecological measures and measurement techniques for riparian ecosystems, and (3) use field-based sampling to inform and refine the development of standard operating procedures for use in implementing integrated, long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems. Ultimately, this work was aimed at providing NPS staff with some of the information and methods needed to design and implement long-term monitoring of NPS riparian resources, which is both relevant to management, and fully operational within institutional resource constraints.
\nOur results suggest that selecting sampling reaches and establishing a sampling frame of 11 transects, across a range of stream types, is feasible given a limited set of decision rules. A distinctive feature of richness across all sites was the high percentage of rare species, defined here as species having a single occurrence at a site. Rare species represented from 33 percent to 47 percent of the species total across the four pilot sites. Our data show that the two smallest quadrat sizes, 0.01 m2 and 0.1 m2 , rarely had any species that occurred in the desired frequency range and can be omitted from the monitoring protocol. Few species fell within the 30–70 percent range in the 1-m2 quadrats, but this quadrat size appears to be useful at the Tsaile Creek (CACH) site. We recommend continuing to collect information at the 1-m2 scale and reevaluating its usefulness after more data are available from different types of sites. The 10-m2 quadrat is adequate for monitoring changes in frequencies of very common species at all sites. Based on pilot study results, we conclude that at sites with low total species numbers (< 60 species), 40–60, 10-m2 quadrats, would be sufficient to characterize overall species diversity for relatively common species. At sites with higher total numbers of species (> 100), 60–80, 10-m2 quadrats would be required to characterize overall species diversity. Rare species of interest should be monitored using alternative approaches, such as a site inventory and/or mapping (see Elzinga and others, 1998). A large number of the systematically placed 10-m2 quadrats span two or more geomorphic surfaces, especially adjacent to the channel. This makes resolution of species affinities with distinct geomorphic landforms difficult. Thus, we provide an amendment to improve characterization of herbaceous and shrub species on narrow, near-channel surfaces by sampling additional 0.5-m by 1-m quadrats on those surfaces. It appears that for sites in narrow valley settings where riparian zones average less than approximately 40 m, the number of 10-m2 quadrats systematically placed on 11 transects will not provide shrub cover estimates at 20 percent precision. In such cases, additional sample reaches should be added in order to attain a minimum of 130 to 140 10-m2 shrub quadrats.
\nThe line-intercept technique can provide a relatively rapid, reach-scale quantification of proportional cover for woody vegetation and geomorphic surface types and that variance in these measures stabilizes by the eighth or ninth transect sampled. An overlay of the distribution of geomorphic surface data derived from line-intercept sampling on topographic survey information indicates that delineation of geomorphic surfaces could be done in conjunction with the topographic survey of each transect, obviating the need to record surface breaks using the line intercept. To include geomorphic surface identifications with the topographic survey, surface breaks and transitional surfaces should be included and identified in the survey, in addition to systematically placed survey points.
\nCompared to 5-m by 20-m tree quadrats, belt transects were shown to provide similar estimates of stand structure (stem density and stand basal area) in less than 30 percent of the time. Further, for the streams sampled, there were no statistically significant differences in stem density and basal area estimates between 10-m and 20-m belt transects and the smaller belts took approximately half the time to sample. There was, however, high variance associated with estimates of stand structure for infrequently occurring stems, such as large, relict or legacy riparian trees. Legacy riparian trees occurred in limited numbers at all sites sampled. A reachscale population census of these trees indicated that the 10-m belt transects tended to underestimate both stem density and basal area for these riparian forest elements and that a complete reach-scale census of legacy trees averaged less than one hour per site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern and Southern Colorado Plateau Park Networks","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., and Reynolds, E.W., 2007, Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1266, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071266.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071266.PNG"},{"id":320212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db530787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":89986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80161,"text":"ofr20071016 - 2007 - Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80161,"text":"ofr20071016 - 2007 - Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","indexId":"ofr20071016","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70032854,"text":"70032854 - 2008 - Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender","indexId":"70032854","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70032854,"text":"70032854 - 2008 - Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender","indexId":"70032854","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T16:35:43","indexId":"ofr20071016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1016","title":"Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","docAbstract":"From 2001 to 2005, we studied the demography and seasonal movement of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) translocated into created ponds in Dilman Meadow in central Oregon. Our objectives were to inform future monitoring and management at the site, and to elucidate poorly known aspects of the species’ population ecology. Movement rates revealed complementary use of sites seasonally, with one small spring being preferred during winter that was rarely used during the rest of the year. Growth rates were significantly higher in ponds that were not used for breeding, and larger size resulted in significantly higher survival. When variation in survival by size was accounted for there was little variation among ponds in survival. Seasonal estimates of survival were lowest for males during the breeding/post-breeding redistribution period, suggesting a high cost of breeding for males. Overwintering survival for both genders was relatively high. Our study supports others in suggesting Oregon spotted frogs are specific in their overwintering habitat requirements, and that predator-free springs may be of particular value. We suggest that any future monitoring include measures of the rate of pond succession. Demographic monitoring should include metrics of both frog reproduction and survival: counts of egg masses at all ponds during spring, and capture-recapture study of survival in mid and late summer when capture rates are highest. Additional study of early life stages would be particularly useful to broaden our understanding of the species’ ecology. Specifically, adding intensive capture and marking effort after larval transformation in fall would enable a full understanding of the annual life cycle. Complete study of the annual life cycle is needed to isolate the life stages and mechanisms through which Oregon spotted frogs are affected by stressors such as nonnative predators. Dilman Meadow, which lacks many hypothesized stressors, is an important reference for isolating the life stages most responsive to management elsewhere in the species’ range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sunriver Nature Center","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N.D., Pearl, C., Bowerman, J., and Adams, M.J., 2007, Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1016, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071016.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/pdf/ofr20071016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1016"},{"id":194829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan D.","contributorId":49062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80156,"text":"ofr20071057 - 2007 - Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071057","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1057","title":"Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park","docAbstract":"Amphibian declines and extinctions have been documented around the world, often in protected natural areas. Concern for this alarming trend has prompted the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service to document all species of amphibians that occur within U.S. National Parks and to search for any signs that amphibians may be declining. This study, an inventory of amphibian species in Biscayne National Park, was conducted during 2002 and 2003. The goals of the project were to create a georeferenced inventory of amphibian species, use new analytical techniques to estimate proportion of sites occupied by each species, look for evidence of known stressors or problems that may lead to amphibian population decline (invasive species, disease, die-offs, and so forth), and to establish a baseline and methodology that could be used for future monitoring efforts.\r\n\r\nFour sampling methods were used to accomplish these goals. Visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization surveys were conducted at a total of 236 visits to 37 sites in all habitats throughout Biscayne National Park to estimate the proportion of sites or proportion of area occupied (PAO) by each amphibian species in each habitat. More than 100 individuals of 7 amphibian species were detected during standard sampling, and 24 individuals of 6 species of amphibians and 37 individuals of 12 species of reptiles were encountered during opportunistic collections and nighttime road surveys used to augment the visual encounter methods for more rare or cryptic species opportunistically. The software PRESENCE was used to provide PAO estimates for each of the anuran species based on the visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization data.\r\n\r\nAmphibian species (six native and three non-native) were documented in Biscayne National Park during this project. The proportion of area occupied estimates obtained for the six most common amphibians will serve as a comparative baseline for future monitoring efforts. There were fourteen non-marine reptile species detected during this study. The proportion of area occupied for reptile species was not estimated because there were too few encounters during this study. The methods used in this study are adequate to produce reliable estimates of the proportion of sites occupied by most anuran species. Therefore, future sampling at regular intervals could be a cost-effective way of following amphibian occupancy trends.\r\n\r\nThis study identified some threats to amphibians in Biscayne National Park, especially introduced species including the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), the marine or cane toad (Bufo marinus), and the greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris planirostris) that were collectively detected nearly three times as often as native species.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071057","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.G., Waddle, J., Crockett, M.E., Bugbee, C.D., Jeffery, B.M., and Percival, H.F., 2007, Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1057, 65 p,, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071057.","productDescription":"65 p,","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crockett, Marquette E.","contributorId":70067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crockett","given":"Marquette","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bugbee, Christopher D.","contributorId":73686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugbee","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian M.","contributorId":16511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":291869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031083,"text":"70031083 - 2007 - Rare-earth elements in the Permian Phosphoria formation: Paleo proxies of ocean geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T11:08:54.225469","indexId":"70031083","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare-earth elements in the Permian Phosphoria formation: Paleo proxies of ocean geochemistry","docAbstract":"The geochemistry of deposition of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation (MPM) in southeast Idaho, USA, a world-class sedimentary phosphate deposit of Permian age that extends over 300,000 km2, is ascertained from its rare earth element (REE) composition. Ratios of REE:Al2O3 suggest two sources—seawater and terrigenous debris. The seawater-derived marine fraction identifies bottom water in the Phosphoria Sea as O2-depleted, denitrifying (suboxic) most of the time, and seldom sulfate-reducing (anoxic). This interpretation is supported by earlier research that showed progressively greater ratios in the marine sediment fraction of Cr:Ni>V:Ni⪢Mo:Ni, relative to their ratios in seawater; for which marine Cr, V, and Mo can have a dominantly O2–depleted bottom-water source and Ni a photic-zone, largely algal, source. The water chemistry was maintained by a balance between bacterial oxidation of organic matter settling through the water column, determined largely by primary productivity in the photic zone, and the flux of oxidants into the bottom water via advection of seawater from the open ocean.
Samples strongly enriched in carbonate fluorapatite, the dominant REE host mineral, have variable Er/Sm, Tm/Sm, and Yb/Sm ratios. Their distribution may represent greater advection of seawater between the Phosphoria Sea and open ocean during deposition of two ore zones than a center waste and greater upwelling of nutrient-enriched water into the photic zone. However, the mean rate of deposition of marine Ni, a trace nutrient of algae, and PO43−, a limiting nutrient, indicate that primary productivity was probably high throughout the depositional history. An alternative interpretation of the variable enrichments of Er, Tm, and Yb, relative to Sm, is that they may reflect temporally variable carbonate alkalinity of open-ocean seawater in Permian time.
A more strongly negative Ce anomaly for all phosphatic units than the Ce anomaly of modern pelletal phosphate is further indicative of an elevated O2 concentration in the Permo-Carboniferous open ocean, as proposed by others, in contrast to the depletion of O2 in the bottom water of the Phosphoria Sea itself.
The oceanographic conditions under which the deposit accumulated were likely similar to conditions under which many sedimentary phosphate deposits have accumulated and to conditions under which many black shales that are commonly phosphate poor have accumulated. A shortcoming of several earlier studies of these deposits has resulted from a failure to examine the marine fraction of elements separate from the terrigenous fraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., Perkins, R., and Rowe, H., 2007, Rare-earth elements in the Permian Phosphoria formation: Paleo proxies of ocean geochemistry: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 11-13, p. 1396-1413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1396","endPage":"1413","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"11-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a952ae4b0c8380cd81841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, H.D.","contributorId":26135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031187,"text":"70031187 - 2007 - Airborne dust transport to the eastern Pacific Ocean off southern California: Evidence from San Clemente Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031187","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne dust transport to the eastern Pacific Ocean off southern California: Evidence from San Clemente Island","docAbstract":"Islands are natural dust traps, and San Clemente Island, California, is a good example. Soils on marine terraces cut into Miocene andesite on this island are clay-rich Vertisols or Alfisols with vertic properties. These soils are overlain by silt-rich mantles, 5-20 cm thick, that contrast sharply with the underlying clay-rich subsoils. The silt mantles have a mineralogy that is distinct from the island bedrock. Silt mantles are rich in quartz, which is rare in the island andesite. The clay fraction of the silt mantles is dominated by mica, also absent from local andesite, and contrasts with the subsoils, dominated by smectite. Ternary plots of immobile trace elements (Sc-Th-La and Ta-Nd-Cr) show that the island andesite has a composition intermediate between average upper continental crust and average oceanic crust. In contrast, the silt and, to a lesser extent, clay fractions of the silt mantles have compositions closer to average upper continental crust. The silt mantles have particle size distributions similar to loess and Mojave Desert dust, but are coarser than long-range-transported Asian dust. We infer from these observations that the silt mantles are derived from airborne dust from the North American mainland, probably river valleys in the coastal mountains of southern California and/or the Mojave Desert. Although average winds are from the northwest in coastal California, easterly winds occur numerous times of the year when \"Santa Ana\" conditions prevail, caused by a high-pressure cell centered over the Great Basin. Examination of satellite imagery shows that easterly Santa Ana winds carry abundant dust to the eastern Pacific Ocean and the California Channel Islands. Airborne dust from mainland North America may be an important component of the offshore sediment budget in the easternmost Pacific Ocean, a finding of potential biogeochemical and climatic significance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD007577","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Budahn, J., Reheis, M., Beann, J., Skipp, G., and Fisher, E., 2007, Airborne dust transport to the eastern Pacific Ocean off southern California: Evidence from San Clemente Island: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 112, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007577.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486992,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007577","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007577"},{"id":238820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91ee4b0c8380cd480e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":33034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reheis, M. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":51044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beann, J.","contributorId":24075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skipp, G.","contributorId":49899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, E.","contributorId":103844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031247,"text":"70031247 - 2007 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) in the Eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:36:42","indexId":"70031247","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) in the Eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Seaducks may be affected by harmful levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at seaports near the Arctic. As an indicator of exposure to PAHs, we measured hepatic enzyme 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) to determine cytochrome P4501A induction in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and Harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) from Unalaska, Popof, and Unga Islands (AK, USA) in 2002 and 2003. We measured PAHs and organic contaminants in seaduck prey samples and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in seaduck blood plasma to determine any relationship to EROD. Using Akaike's information criterion, species and site differences best explained EROD patterns: Activity was higher in Harlequin ducks than in Steller's eiders and higher at industrial than at nonindustrial sites. Site-specific concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels ([Mytilus trossilus] seaduck prey; PAH concentrations higher at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, than at other sites) also was important in defining EROD patterns. Organochlorine compounds rarely were detected in prey samples. No relationship was found between polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in avian blood and EROD, which further supported inferences derived from Akaike's information criterion. Congeners were highest in seaducks from a nonindustrial or reference site, contrary to PAH patterns. To assist in interpreting the field study, 15 captive Steller's eiders were dosed with a PAH known to induce cytochrome P4501A. Dosed, captive Steller's eiders had definitive induction, but results indicated that wild Steller's eiders were exposed to PAHs or other inducing compounds at levels greater than those used in laboratory studies. Concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels at or near Dutch Harbor (∼1,180–5,980 ng/g) approached those found at highly contaminated sites (∼4,100–7,500 ng/g).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/07-259.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Miles, A., Flint, P.L., Trust, K., Ricca, M., Spring, S., Arrieta, D., Hollmen, T., and Wilson, B., 2007, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) in the Eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2694-2703, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-259.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2694","endPage":"2703","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-259.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cfce4b0c8380cd79cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trust, K.A.","contributorId":107465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trust","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricca, M.A.","contributorId":103609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spring, S.E.","contributorId":35258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spring","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arrieta, D.E.","contributorId":59625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrieta","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hollmen, T.","contributorId":16787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, B.W.","contributorId":32897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031252,"text":"70031252 - 2007 - Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031252","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub","docAbstract":"We screened 351 species or genera for their response to disturbance in coastal sage scrub (CSS) to develop a 15-metric, 5-taxon Index of Biological Integrity (IBI). We collected data on ants, birds, herpetofauna, small mammals, and plants for two years on 46 sites established across a gradient of disturbance in three reserves. The gradient spanned relatively intact CSS with thick stands of shrubs, to former CSS stands type-converted to exotic grasses. ANOVAs and clustering analyses indicated the IBI could distinguish four levels of disturbance in CSS. General measures of community structure, such as richness, did not show changes across the gradient for most taxa, and responses of taxa across the gradient were varied and rarely correlated. However, turnover in species or genera across the gradient was common across all taxa as shrub-obligate life forms were replaced by those favoring grassy or disturbed habitats. Our data indicate index-based approaches based on data collected across disturbance gradients may outperform more traditional community level metrics when responses to anthropogenic influences are complex and vary across species. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J., Fleming, G., Duggan, J., Chapman, R., Rahn, M., Mitrovich, M., and Fisher, R., 2007, Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub: Biological Conservation, v. 140, no. 1-2, p. 130-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005.","startPage":"130","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005"},{"id":238718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0012e4b0c8380cd4f591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, G.M.","contributorId":56027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duggan, J.M.","contributorId":66055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duggan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, R.E.","contributorId":103864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahn, M.E.","contributorId":81693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitrovich, M.J.","contributorId":43166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031307,"text":"70031307 - 2007 - Infection by a black spot-causing species of Uvulifer and associated opercular alterations in fishes from a high-desert stream in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031307","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection by a black spot-causing species of Uvulifer and associated opercular alterations in fishes from a high-desert stream in Wyoming","docAbstract":"Black spot is a common disease syndrome of freshwater fishes. This study provides information on the rank of density of the black spot agent and opercular bone alterations associated with at least one digenean, Uvulifer sp., infecting native and non-native catostomids and cyprinids of the Upper Colorado River Basin. We evaluated the density rank of pigmented metacercariae and associated alterations in the operculum of the bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth sucker C. latipinnis, white sucker C. commersoni, catostomid hybrids, roundtail chub Gila robusta, and creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, sampled from Muddy Creek, Wyoming, USA in 2003 or 2004. All fish species contained individuals that exhibited gross signs of the black spot agent. Bluehead and flannelmouth suckers had 100% prevalence of infection. Although the other suckers and chubs contained encysted metacercariae in at least one individual, the presence of pigmented metacercariae was not apparent (i.e. based on gross observations) in many individuals. Catostomids had higher densities of metacercariae than cyprinids, as shown by frequency distributions of density ranks. Opercular holes (i.e. holes that completely penetrated the opercle and were in direct association with the pigment associated metacercariae) and pockets (depressions on the external surface of the opercle associated with metacercariae) were abundant among catostomids but rare among cyprinids. ?? Inter-Research 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/dao01875","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Bower, M., and Hubert, W., 2007, Infection by a black spot-causing species of Uvulifer and associated opercular alterations in fishes from a high-desert stream in Wyoming: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 78, no. 2, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01875.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477102,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01875","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao01875"},{"id":239883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3acae4b0c8380cd61f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031338,"text":"70031338 - 2007 - Monitoring and modeling ice-rock avalanches from ice-capped volcanoes: A case study of frequent large avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031338","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and modeling ice-rock avalanches from ice-capped volcanoes: A case study of frequent large avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Iliamna is an andesitic stratovolcano of the Aleutian arc with regular gas and steam emissions and mantled by several large glaciers. Iliamna Volcano exhibits an unusual combination of frequent and large ice-rock avalanches in the order of 1 ?? 106??m3 to 3 ?? 107??m3 with recent return periods of 2-4??years. We have reconstructed an avalanche event record for the past 45??years that indicates Iliamna avalanches occur at higher frequency at a given magnitude than other mass failures in volcanic and alpine environments. Iliamna Volcano is thus an ideal site to study such mass failures and its relation to volcanic activity. In this study, we present different methods that fit into a concept of (1) long-term monitoring, (2) early warning, and (3) event documentation and analysis of ice-rock avalanches on ice-capped active volcanoes. Long-term monitoring methods include seismic signal analysis, and space-and airborne observations. Landsat and ASTER satellite data was used to study the extent of hydrothermally altered rocks and surface thermal anomalies at the summit region of Iliamna. Subpixel heat source calculation for the summit regions where avalanches initiate yielded temperatures of 307 to 613??K assuming heat source areas of 1000 to 25??m2, respectively, indicating strong convective heat flux processes. Such heat flow causes ice melting conditions and is thus likely to reduce the strength at the base of the glacier. We furthermore demonstrate typical seismic records of Iliamna avalanches with rarely observed precursory signals up to two hours prior to failure, and show how such signals could be used for a multi-stage avalanche warning system in the future. For event analysis and documentation, space- and airborne observations and seismic records in combination with SRTM and ASTER derived terrain data allowed us to reconstruct avalanche dynamics and to identify remarkably similar failure and propagation mechanisms of Iliamna avalanches for the past 45??years. Simple avalanche flow modeling was able to reasonably replicate Iliamna avalanches and can thus be applied for hazard assessments. Hazards at Iliamna Volcano are low due to its remote location; however, we emphasize the transfer potential of the methods presented here to other ice-capped volcanoes with much higher hazards such as those in the Cascades or the Andes. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.009","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Huggel, C., Caplan-Auerbach, J., Waythomas, C.F., and Wessels, R., 2007, Monitoring and modeling ice-rock avalanches from ice-capped volcanoes: A case study of frequent large avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 114-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.009.","startPage":"114","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.009"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d89e4b0c8380cd70439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huggel, C.","contributorId":89347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wessels, R.L.","contributorId":108281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031377,"text":"70031377 - 2007 - Geochemistry of rare earth elements in Permian coals from the Huaibei Coalfield, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031377","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of rare earth elements in Permian coals from the Huaibei Coalfield, China","docAbstract":"The rare earth elements (REEs) in coals are important because of: (a) REE patterns can be an indicator of the nature of source rocks of the mineral matter as well as sedimentary environments; (b) REEs abundance in coal may have industrial-significance. In this study, a total of thirty-four samples of Permian coal, partings, roof, and floor were collected from the Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui Province, China. Abundances of rare earth elements (REEs) and other elements in the samples were determined by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled-plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the REEs are enriched in coals in the Huaibei Coalfield as compared with Chinese and U.S. coals and the world coal average. Coals in the Lower Shihezi Formation (No. 7, 5, and 4 Coals) and Upper Shihezi Formation (No. 3) have higher REE abundances than the coals in Shanxi Formation (No. 10). Magmatic intrusion resulted in high enrichment of REEs concentrations in No. 5 and 7 Coals. The REE abundances are positively correlated with the ash content. The mineral matter in these coals is mainly made up of clay minerals and carbonates. The REEs are positively correlated with lithophile elements including Si, Al, Ti, Fe, and Na, which are mainly distributed in clay minerals, indicating that REEs are contained mainly in clay minerals. The REE abundances in coals normalized by the ash are higher than that in partings. REEs abundances of coals cannot be accounted for by the REE content in the mineral matter, and some REEs associated with organic matter in coals. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.06.001","issn":"13679120","usgsCitation":"Zheng, L., Liu, G., Chou, C.L., Qi, C., and Zhang, Y., 2007, Geochemistry of rare earth elements in Permian coals from the Huaibei Coalfield, China: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 31, no. 2, p. 167-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.06.001.","startPage":"167","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.06.001"},{"id":239888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a170ce4b0c8380cd55372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, C.","contributorId":39197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031404,"text":"70031404 - 2007 - Genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in Hawaiian honeycreepers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031404","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in Hawaiian honeycreepers","docAbstract":"Infectious diseases now threaten wildlife populations worldwide but population recovery following local extinction has rarely been observed. In such a case, do resistant individuals recolonize from a central remnant population, or do they spread from small, perhaps overlooked, populations of resistant individuals? Introduced avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) has devastated low-elevation populations of native birds in Hawaii, but at least one species (Hawaii amakihi, Hemignathus virens) that was greatly reduced at elevations below about 1000 m tolerates malaria and has initiated a remarkable and rapid recovery. We assessed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers from amakihi and two other Hawaiian honeycreepers, apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), at nine primary study sites from 2001 to 2003 to determine the source of re-establishing birds. In addition, we obtained sequences from tissue from amakihi museum study skins (1898 and 1948-49) to assess temporal changes in allele distributions. We found that amakihi in lowland areas are, and have historically been, differentiated from birds at high elevations and had unique alleles retained through time; that is, their genetic signature was not a subset of the genetic variation at higher elevations. We suggest that high disease pressure rapidly selected for resistance to malaria at low elevation, leaving small pockets of resistant birds, and this resistance spread outward from the scattered remnant populations. Low-elevation amakihi are currently isolated from higher elevations (> 1000 m) where disease emergence and transmission rates appear to vary seasonally and annually. In contrast to results from amakihi, no genetic differentiation between elevations was found in apapane and iiwi, indicating that slight variation in genetic or life-history attributes can determine disease resistance and population recovery. Determining the conditions that allow for the development of resistance to disease is essential to understanding how species evolve resistance across a landscape of varying disease pressures. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03550.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Foster, J., Woodworth, B., Eggert, L., Hart, P., Palmer, D., Duffy, D., and Fleischer, R., 2007, Genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in Hawaiian honeycreepers: Molecular Ecology, v. 16, no. 22, p. 4738-4746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03550.x.","startPage":"4738","endPage":"4746","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03550.x"}],"volume":"16","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1584e4b0c8380cd54e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, J.T.","contributorId":100502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodworth, B.L.","contributorId":88538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eggert, L.E.","contributorId":90111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggert","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, P.J.","contributorId":104260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palmer, D.","contributorId":46308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, D.C.","contributorId":43473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032177,"text":"70032177 - 2007 - Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032177","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"A current model for the evolution of Proterozoic deep seawater composition involves a change from anoxic sulfide-free to sulfidic conditions 1.8??Ga. In an earlier model the deep ocean became oxic at that time. Both models are based on the secular distribution of banded iron formation (BIF) in shallow marine sequences. We here present a new model based on rare earth elements, especially redox-sensitive Ce, in hydrothermal silica-iron oxide sediments from deeper-water, open-marine settings related to volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. In contrast to Archean, Paleozoic, and modern hydrothermal iron oxide sediments, 1.74 to 1.71??Ga hematitic chert (jasper) and iron formation in central Arizona, USA, show moderate positive to small negative Ce anomalies, suggesting that the redox state of the deep ocean then was at a transitional, suboxic state with low concentrations of dissolved O2 but no H2S. The presence of jasper and/or iron formation related to VMS deposits in other volcanosedimentary sequences ca. 1.79-1.69??Ga, 1.40??Ga, and 1.24??Ga also reflects oxygenated and not sulfidic deep ocean waters during these time periods. Suboxic conditions in the deep ocean are consistent with the lack of shallow-marine BIF ??? 1.8 to 0.8??Ga, and likely limited nutrient concentrations in seawater and, consequently, may have constrained biological evolution. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Grenne, T., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O., and Lindberg, P.A., 2007, Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 255, no. 1-2, p. 243-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018.","startPage":"243","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018"},{"id":242835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"255","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d45e4b08c986b31d740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekker, A.","contributorId":9480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rouxel, O.J.","contributorId":32001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouxel","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindberg, P. A.","contributorId":79189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031415,"text":"70031415 - 2007 - Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031415","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California?","docAbstract":"Amphibian declines have been documented worldwide; however the vast majority are species associated with aquatic habitats. Information on the status and trends of terrestrial amphibians is almost entirely lacking. Here we use data collected across a 12-yr period (sampling from 1984-86 and from 1993-95) to address the question of whether evidence exists for declines among terrestrial amphibians in northwestern California forests. The majority of amphibians, both species and relative numbers, in these forests are direct-developing salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. We examined amphibian richness and evenness, and the relative abundances of the four most common species of plethodontid salamanders. We examined evidence of differences between years in two ecological provinces (coastal and interior) and across young, mature, and late seral forests and with reference to a moisture gradient from xeric to hydric within late seral forests. We found evidence of declines in species richness across years on late seral mesic stands and in the coastal ecological province, but these differences appeared to be caused by differences in the detection of rarer species, rather than evidence of an overall pattern. We also found differences among specific years in numbers of individuals of the most abundant species, Ensatina eschscholtzii, but these differences also failed to reflect a consistent pattern of declines between the two decadal sample periods. Results showing differences in richness, evenness, and relative abundances along both the seral and moisture continua were consistent with previous research. Overall, we found no compelling evidence of a downward trend in terrestrial plethodontid salamanders. We believe that continued monitoring of terrestrial salamander populations is important to understanding mechanisms of population declines in amphibian species. Copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[469:APITTE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Welsh, H., Fellers, G.M., and Lind, A., 2007, Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California?: Journal of Herpetology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 469-482, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[469:APITTE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"469","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[469:APITTE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c5e4b0c8380cd48442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, H.H. Jr.","contributorId":95986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"H.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lind, A.J.","contributorId":46763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}