{"pageNumber":"970","pageRowStart":"24225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46896,"records":[{"id":1008401,"text":"1008401 - 2005 - Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T13:15:43","indexId":"1008401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2203,"text":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","docAbstract":"Fifty-four right whale mortalities have been reported from between Florida, USA and the Canadian Maritimes from 1970 to 2002. Thirty of those animals were examined: 18 adults and juveniles, and 12 calves. Morphometric data are presented such that prediction of body weight is possible if the age, or one or more measurements are known. Calves grew approximately linearly in their first year. Total length and fluke width increased asymptotically to a plateau with age, weight increased linearly with age, weight and snout to blowhole distance increased exponentially with total length, whereas total length was linearly related to fluke width and flipper length. Among the adults and juveniles examined in this study, human interaction appeared to be a major cause of mortality, where in 14/18 necropsies, trauma was a significant finding. In 10/14 of these, the cause of the trauma was presumed to be vessel collision. Entanglement in fishing gear accounted for the remaining four cases. Trauma was also present in 4/12 calves. In the majority of calf mortalities (8/12) the cause of death was not determined. Sharp ship trauma included propeller lacerations inducing multiple, deep lacerations that often incised vital organs including the brain, spinal cord, major airways, vessels and musculature. Blunt ship trauma resulted in major internal bruising and fractures often without any obvious external damage. In at least two cases fatal gear entanglements were extremely protracted: where the entanglements took at least 100 and 163 days respectively to be finally lethal. The sum of these findings show two major needs: (1) that extinction avoidance management strategies focused on reducing trauma to right whales from ship collisions and fishing gear entanglement are highly appropriate and need to be continued and; (2) that as mitigation measures continue to be introduced into shipping and fishing industry practices, there is a strong effort to maximise the diagnostic quality of post-mortem examination of right whale mortalities, to ensure an optimal understanding of resultant trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Knowlton, A., Kraus, S., McLellan, W., and Bonde, R., 2005, Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002): Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, v. 6, no. 3, p. 199-214.","startPage":"199","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268029,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.whoi.edu/people/mmoore/JNL_234.pdf"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.J.","contributorId":27000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, A.R.","contributorId":88301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, S.D.","contributorId":16373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLellan, W.A.","contributorId":94246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLellan","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008345,"text":"1008345 - 2005 - Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:38:05","indexId":"1008345","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","docAbstract":"

Abstract. Question: Do rectangular sample plots record more plant species than square plots as suggested by both empirical and theoretical studies?

Location: Grasslands, shrublands and forests in the Mediterranean-climate region of California, USA.

Methods: We compared three 0.1-ha sampling designs that differed in the shape and dispersion of 1-m2 and 100-m2 nested subplots. We duplicated an earlier study that compared the Whittaker sample design, which had square clustered subplots, with the modified Whittaker design, which had dispersed rectangular subplots. To sort out effects of dispersion from shape we used a third design that overlaid square subplots on the modified Whittaker design. Also, using data from published studies we extracted species richness values for 400-m2 subplots that were either square or 1:4 rectangles partially overlaid on each other from desert scrub in high and low rainfall years, chaparral, sage scrub, oak savanna and coniferous forests with and without fire.

Results: We found that earlier empirical reports of more than 30% greater richness with rectangles were due to the confusion of shape effects with spatial effects, coupled with the use of cumulative number of species as the metric for comparison. Average species richness was not significantly different between square and 1:4 rectangular sample plots at either 1- or 100-m2. Pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between square and rectangular samples in all but one vegetation type, and that one exhibited significantly greater richness with squares. Our three intensive study sites appear to exhibit some level of self-similarity at the scale of 400 m2, but, contrary to theoretical expectations, we could not detect plot shape effects on species richness at this scale.

Conclusions: At the 0.1-ha scale or lower there is no evidence that plot shape has predictable effects on number of species recorded from sample plots. We hypothesize that for the mediterranean-climate vegetation types studied here, the primary reason that 1:4 rectangles do not sample greater species richness than squares is because species turnover varies along complex environmental gradients that are both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of rectangular plots. Reports in the literature of much greater species richness recorded for highly elongated rectangular strips than for squares of the same area are not likely to be fair comparisons because of the dramatically different periphery/area ratio, which includes a much greater proportion of species that are using both above and below-ground niche space outside the sample area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008111,"text":"1008111 - 2005 - Flight speeds of northern pintails during migration determined by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T16:47:27.243169","indexId":"1008111","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flight speeds of northern pintails during migration determined by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"

Speed (km/hr) during flight is one of several factors determining the rate of migration (km/ day) and flight range of birds. We attached 26-g, back-mounted satellite-received radio tags (platform transmitting terminals; PTTs) to adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) during (1) midwinter 2000–2003 in the northern Central Valley of California, (2) fall and winter 2002–2003 in the Playa Lakes Region and Gulf Coast of Texas, and (3) early fall 2002–2003 in south-central New Mexico. We tracked tagged birds after release and, in several instances, obtained multiple locations during single migratory flights (flight paths). We used data from 17 PTT-tagged hens along 21 migratory flight paths to estimate groundspeeds during spring (n = 19 flights) and fall (n = 2 flights). Pintails migrated at an average groundspeed of 77 ± 4 (SE) km/hr (range for individual flight paths = 40–122 km/hr), which was within the range of estimates reported in the literature for migratory and local flights of waterfowl (42–116 km/hr); further, groundspeed averaged 53 ± 6 km/hr in headwinds and 82 ± 4 km/hr in tailwinds. At a typical, but hypothetical, flight altitude of 1,460 m (850 millibars standard pressure), 17 of the 21 flight paths occurred in tailwinds with an average airspeed of 55 ± 4 km/hr, and 4 occurred in headwinds with an average airspeed of 71 ± 4 km/hr. These adjustments in airspeed and groundspeed in response to wind suggest that pintails migrated at airspeeds that on average maximized range and conserved energy, and fell within the range of expectations based on aerodynamic and energetic theory.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-114.1","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Takekawa, J.Y., Fleskes, J.P., Orthmeyer, D.L., Casazza, M.L., Haukos, D.A., and Perry, W.M., 2005, Flight speeds of northern pintails during migration determined by satellite telemetry: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 4, p. 364-374, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-114.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/04-114.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, Dennis L.","contributorId":52646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, William M. 0000-0002-6180-8180 wmperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-8180","contributorId":5124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","email":"wmperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159111,"text":"70159111 - 2005 - Recent U.S. Geological Survey applications of Lidar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:09:11","indexId":"70159111","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent U.S. Geological Survey applications of Lidar","docAbstract":"

As lidar (light detection and ranging) technology matures, more applications are being explored by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists throughout the Nation, both in collaboration with other Federal agencies and alone in support of USGS natural-hazards research (Crane et al., 2004). As the technology continues to improve and evolve, USGS scientists are finding new and unique methods to use and represent high-resolution lidar data, and new ways to make these data and derived information publicly available. Different lidar sensors and configurations have offered opportunities to use high-resolution elevation data for a variety of projects across all disciplines of the USGS. The following examples are just a few of the diverse projects in the USGS where lidar data is being used.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Queija, V., Stoker, J.M., and Kosovich, J.J., 2005, Recent U.S. Geological Survey applications of Lidar: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 1, p. 5-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://info.asprs.org/publications/pers/2005journal/january/"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce9ae4b06217fc478b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Queija, Vivian R. vqueija@usgs.gov","contributorId":4266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Queija","given":"Vivian R.","email":"vqueija@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kosovich, John J. 0000-0002-3795-4436 jjkosovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4436","contributorId":1470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosovich","given":"John","email":"jjkosovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155996,"text":"70155996 - 2005 - ASTER and USGS EROS disaster response: emergency imaging after Hurricane Katrina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T12:59:28","indexId":"70155996","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ASTER and USGS EROS disaster response: emergency imaging after Hurricane Katrina","docAbstract":"

The value of remotely sensed imagery during times of crisis is well established, and the increasing spatial and spectral resolution in newer systems provides ever greater utility and ability to discriminate features of interest (International Charter, Space and Major Disasters, 2005). The existing suite of sensors provides an abundance of data, and enables warning alerts to be broadcast for many situations in advance. In addition, imagery acquired soon after an event occurs can be used to assist response and remediation teams in identifying the extent of the affected area and the degree of damage. The data characteristics of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Refl ection Radiometer (ASTER) are well-suited for monitoring natural hazards and providing local and regional views after disaster strikes. For this reason, and because of the system fl exibility in scheduling high-priority observations, ASTER is often tasked to support emergency situations. The Emergency Response coordinators at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) work closely with staff at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) at EROS and the ASTER Science Team as they fulfi ll their mission to acquire and distribute data during critical situations. This article summarizes the role of the USGS/EROS Emergency Response coordinators, and provides further discussion of ASTER data and the images portrayed on the cover of this issue

","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Duda, K., and Abrams, M., 2005, ASTER and USGS EROS disaster response: emergency imaging after Hurricane Katrina: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 12, p. 1346-1350.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1346","endPage":"1350","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2fe4b08400b1fdb6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Kenneth A. duda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Kenneth A.","email":"duda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, Michael","contributorId":74266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142630,"text":"70142630 - 2005 - Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T15:52:20","indexId":"70142630","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","docAbstract":"

In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970–2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developed land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of land-cover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoration.



","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5220","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.G., Johnson, K.M., Loveland, T., and Theobald, D.M., 2005, Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1851-1863, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5220.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1863","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/117044","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 23.885837699862005\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 23.885837699862005\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 23.885837699862005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec438e4b02419550debda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Daniel G.","contributorId":139611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth M.","contributorId":139612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theobald, David M. 0000-0002-1271-9368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-9368","contributorId":10271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theobald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13470,"text":"Conservation Science Partners","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":542066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156392,"text":"70156392 - 2005 - Global land cover mapping and characterization: present situation and future research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T14:57:12","indexId":"70156392","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global land cover mapping and characterization: present situation and future research priorities","docAbstract":"

The availability and accessibility of global land cover data sets plays an important role in many global change studies. The importance of such science‐based information is also reflected in a number of international, regional, and national projects and programs. Recent developments in earth observing satellite technology, information technology, computer hardware and software, and infrastructure development have helped developed better quality land cover data sets. As a result, such data sets are increasingly becoming available, the user‐base is ever widening, application areas have been expanding, and the potential of many other applications are enormous. Yet, we are far from producing high quality global land cover data sets. This paper examines the progress in the development of digital global land cover data, their availability, and current applications. Problems and opportunities are also explained. The overview sets the stage for identifying future research priorities needed for operational land cover assessment and monitoring.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106040508542334","usgsCitation":"Giri, C., 2005, Global land cover mapping and characterization: present situation and future research priorities: Geocarto International, v. 20, no. 1, p. 35-42, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542334.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa33e4b0518e3546bc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027571,"text":"70027571 - 2005 - The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027571","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling","docAbstract":"The GIS Weasel is a map and Graphical User Interface (GUI) driven tool that has been developed as an aid to modelers in the delineation, characterization of geographic features, and their parameterization for use in distributed or lumped parameter physical process models. The interface does not require user expertise in geographic information systems (GIS). The user does need knowledge of how the model will use the output from the GIS Weasel. The GIS Weasel uses Workstation ArcInfo and its the Grid extension. The GIS Weasel will run on all platforms that Workstation ArcInfo runs (i.e. numerous flavors of Unix and Microsoft Windows).The GIS Weasel requires an input ArcInfo grid of some topographical description of the Area of Interest (AOI). This is normally a digital elevation model, but can be the surface of a ground water table or any other data that flow direction can be resolved from. The user may define the AOI as a custom drainage area based on an interactively specified watershed outlet point, or use a previously created map. The user is then able to use any combination of the GIS Weasel's tool set to create one or more maps for depicting different kinds of geographic features. Once the spatial feature maps have been prepared, then the GIS Weasel s many parameterization routines can be used to create descriptions of each element in each of the user s created maps. Over 200 parameterization routines currently exist, generating information about shape, area, and topological association with other features of the same or different maps, as well many types of information based on ancillary data layers such as soil and vegetation properties. These tools easily integrate other similarly formatted data sets.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Viger, R., Markstrom, S., and Leavesley, G., 2005, The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 425-433.","startPage":"425","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba73ee4b08c986b32145b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536621,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, S.M.","contributorId":56120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028999,"text":"70028999 - 2005 - Observer variability in pinniped counts: Ground-based enumeration of walruses at haul-out sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T20:05:41","indexId":"70028999","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observer variability in pinniped counts: Ground-based enumeration of walruses at haul-out sites","docAbstract":"

Pinnipeds are often monitored by counting individuals at haul-out sites, but the often large numbers of densely packed individuals at these sites are difficult to enumerate accurately. Errors in enumeration can induce bias and reduce precision in estimates of population size and trend. We used data from paired observers monitoring walrus haul-outs in Bristol Bay, Alaska, to quantify observer variability and assess its relative importance. The probability of a pair of observers making identical counts was 50 individuals. Mean count differences ranged up to 25% for the largest counts, depending on beach and observers. In at least some cases, there was a clear tendency for counts of one observer to be consistently greater than counts of the other observer in a pair, indicating that counts of at least one of the observers were biased. These results suggest that efforts to improve accuracy of counts will be worthwhile. However, we also found that variation among observers was relatively small compared to variation among visits to a beach so that efforts to account for other sources of variation will be more important.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01211.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C., and Cody, M., 2005, Observer variability in pinniped counts: Ground-based enumeration of walruses at haul-out sites: Marine Mammal Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 108-120, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01211.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6af8e4b0c8380cd7444d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cody, M.B.","contributorId":43154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cody","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029433,"text":"70029433 - 2005 - A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:39:08","indexId":"70029433","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks","docAbstract":"

The shape and configuration of branched networks influence ecological patterns and processes. Recent investigations of network influences in riverine ecology stress the need to quantify spatial structure not only in a two-dimensional plane, but also in networks. An initial step in understanding data from stream networks is discerning non-random patterns along the network. On the other hand, data collected in the network may be spatially autocorrelated and thus not suitable for traditional statistical analyses. Here we provide a method that uses commercially available software to construct an empirical variogram to describe spatial pattern in the relative abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in headwater stream networks. We describe the mathematical and practical considerations involved in calculating a variogram using a non-Euclidean distance metric to incorporate the network pathway structure in the analysis of spatial variability, and use a non-parametric technique to ascertain if the pattern in the empirical variogram is non-random.

","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0138:AGAFDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ganio, L., Torgersen, C., and Gresswell, R., 2005, A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 3, p. 138-144, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0138:AGAFDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e407e4b0c8380cd46368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganio, L.M.","contributorId":101223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganio","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, C.E.","contributorId":34459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029425,"text":"70029425 - 2005 - An analysis of region-of-influence methods for flood regionalization in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T13:21:58.101417","indexId":"70029425","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of region-of-influence methods for flood regionalization in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains","docAbstract":"

Region-of-influence (RoI) approaches for estimating stream flow characteristics at ungaged sites were applied and evaluated in a case study of the 50-year peak discharge in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains of the southeastern United States. Linear regression against basin characteristics was performed for each ungaged site considered based on data from a region of influence containing the n closest gages in predictor variable (PRoI) or geographic (GRoI) space. Augmentation of this count based cutoff by a distance based cutoff also was considered. Prediction errors were evaluated for an independent (split-sampled) dataset. For the dataset and metrics considered here: (1) for either PRoI or GRoI, optimal results were found when the simpler count based cutoff, rather than the distance augmented cutoff, was used; (2) GRoI produced lower error than PRoI when applied indiscriminately over the entire study region; (3) PRoI performance improved considerably when Rol was restricted to predefined geographic subregions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03723.x","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Tasker, G.D., and Milly, P., 2005, An analysis of region-of-influence methods for flood regionalization in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 1, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03723.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f1e4b0c8380cd48545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken 0000-0001-6838-5849 keng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5849","contributorId":3580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","email":"keng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029424,"text":"70029424 - 2005 - Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:14:11","indexId":"70029424","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b","title":"Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b","docAbstract":"Taxonomic relationships among red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus longicaudus, P. l. silvicola), the Sonoma tree vole (P. pomo), the white-footed vole (P. albipes), and the heather vole (P. intermedius) were examined using 664 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results indicate specific differences among red tree voles, Sonoma tree voles, white-footed voles, and heather voles, but no clear difference between the 2 Oregon subspecies of red tree voles (P. l. longicaudus and P. l. silvicola). Our data further indicated a close relationship between tree voles and albipes, validating inclusion of albipes in the subgenus Arborimus. These 3 congeners shared a closer relationship to P. intermedius than to other arvicolids. A moderate association between porno and albipes was indicated by maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses. Molecular clock estimates suggest a Pleistocene radiation of the Arborimus clade, which is concordant with pulses of diversification observed in other murid rodents. The generic rank of Arborimus is subject to interpretation of data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0201:TRAPVA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bellinger, M., Haig, S.M., Forsman, E., and Mullins, T., 2005, Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 86, no. 1, p. 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0201:TRAPVA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0201:trapva>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3ebe4b08c986b31ffa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellinger, M.R.","contributorId":107489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellinger","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullins, T.D.","contributorId":26046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029420,"text":"70029420 - 2005 - Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:02:28","indexId":"70029420","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","docAbstract":"

n investigation of a childhood leukemia cluster by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that residents of the Carson Desert, Nevada, are exposed to high levels of W and this prompted an investigation of W in aquifers used as drinking water sources. Tungsten concentrations in 100 ground water samples from all aquifers used as drinking water sources in the area ranged from 0.27 to 742 μg/l. Ground water in which W concentrations exceed 50 μg/l principally occurs SE of Fallon in a geothermal area. The principal sources of W in ground water are natural and include erosion of W-bearing mineral deposits in the Carson River watershed upstream of Fallon, and, possibly, upwelling geothermal waters. Ground water in the Fallon area is strongly reducing and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides may be releasing W; however, direct evidence that the metal oxides contain W is not available.

Although W and Cl concentrations in the Carson River, a lake, and water from many wells, appear to be controlled by evaporative concentration, evaporation alone cannot explain the elevated W concentrations found in water from some of the wells. Concentrations of W exceeding 50 μg/l are exclusively associated with Na&#x2013;HCO3\">Na–HCO3 and Na–Cl water types and pH > 8.0; in these waters, geochemical modeling indicates that W exhibits <10% adsorption. Tungsten concentrations are strongly and positively correlated with As, B, F, and P, indicating either common sources or common processes controlling their concentrations. Geochemical modeling indicates W concentrations are consistent with pH-controlled adsorption of W.

The geochemical model PHREEQC was used to calculate IAP values, which were compared with published Ksp values for primary W minerals. FeWO4, MnWO4, Na2WO4, and MgWO4 were undersaturated and CaWO4 and SrWO4were approaching saturation. These conclusions are tentative because of uncertainty in the thermodynamic data.

The similar behavior of As and W observed in this study suggests ground water in areas where elevated As concentrations are present also may contain elevated W concentrations, particularly if there is a mineral or geothermal source of W and reducing conditions develop in the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., Stollenwerk, K., and Garbarino, J., 2005, Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 423-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Desert ","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec0e4b0c8380cd535e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, K.G.","contributorId":71199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029416,"text":"70029416 - 2005 - Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029416","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions","docAbstract":"We use Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities and stress orientations inferred from seismicity to invert for the distribution of slip on faults in the southern California plate-boundary region. Of particular interest is how long-term slip rates are partitioned between the Indio segment of the San Andreas fault (SAF), the San Jacinto fault (SJF) and the San Bernardino segment of the SAE We use two new sets of constraints to address this problem. The first is geodetic velocities from the Southern California Earthquake Center's (SCEC) Crustal Motion Map (version 3 by Shen et al.), which includes significantly more data than previous models. The second is a regional model of stress-field orientations at seismogenic depths, as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms. While GPS data have been used in similar studies before, this is the first application of stress-field observations to this problem. We construct a simplified model of the southern California fault system, and estimate the interseismic surface velocities using a backslip approach with purely elastic strain accumulation, following Meade et al. In addition, we model the stress orientations at seismogenic depths, assuming that crustal stress results from the loading of active faults. The geodetically derived stressing rates are found to be aligned with the stress orientations from seismicity. We therefore proceed to invert simultaneously GPS and stress observations for slip rates of the faults in our network. We find that the regional patterns of crustal deformation as imaged by both data sets can be explained by our model, and that joint inversions lead to better constrained slip rates. In our preferred model, the SJF accommodates ???15 mm yr-1 and the Indio segment of the SAF ???23 mm yr-1 of right-lateral motion, accompanied by a low slip rate on the San Bernardino segment of the SAF 'Anomalous' fault segments such as around the 1992 Mw = 7.3 Landers surface rupture can be detected. There, observed stresses deviate strongly from the long-term loading as predicted by our simple model. Evaluation of model misfits together with information from palaeoseismology may provide further insights into the time dependence of strain accumulation along the San Andreas system. ?? 2004 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Becker, T., Hardebeck, J., and Anderson, G., 2005, Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 160, no. 2, p. 634-650, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x.","startPage":"634","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477890,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02528.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x"},{"id":237599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0be4b0c8380cd4d8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, T.W.","contributorId":36740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029405,"text":"70029405 - 2005 - A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:14:37","indexId":"70029405","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management","docAbstract":"

Freshwater research and management efforts could be greatly enhanced by a better understanding of the relationship between landscape-scale factors and water quality indicators. This is particularly true in urban areas, where land transformation impacts stream systems at a variety of scales. Despite advances in landscape quantification methods, several studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) and water quality have resulted in mixed conclusions. However, these studies have largely relied on compositional landscape metrics. For urban and urbanizing watersheds in particular, the use of metrics that capture spatial pattern may further aid in distinguishing the effects of various urban growth patterns, as well as exploring the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic variables. However, to be truly useful for freshwater applications, pattern metrics must be optimized based on characteristic watershed properties and common water quality point sampling methods. Using a freely available LULC data set for the Santa Clara Basin, California, USA, we quantified landscape composition and configuration for subwatershed areas upstream of individual sampling sites, reducing the number of metrics based on: (1) sensitivity to changes in extent and (2) redundancy, as determined by a multivariate factor analysis. The first two factors, interpreted as (1) patch density and distribution and (2) patch shape and landscape subdivision, explained approximately 85% of the variation in the data set, and are highly reflective of the heterogeneous urban development pattern found in the study area. Although offering slightly less explanatory power, compositional metrics can provide important contextual information.


","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-004-2261-0","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Kearns, F., Kelly, N., Carter, J., and Resh, V., 2005, A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management: Landscape Ecology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-2261-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-2261-0"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e459e4b0c8380cd465d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kearns, F.R.","contributorId":55197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kearns","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, N.M.","contributorId":56436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Resh, V.H.","contributorId":64876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029401,"text":"70029401 - 2005 - Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T14:27:49","indexId":"70029401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","docAbstract":"

Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as \"listed\" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation. An indirect approach for aquatic species would be application of toxicity data obtained from standard test procedures and species commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests. Common test species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 17 listed or closely related species were tested in acute 96-hour water exposures with five chemicals (carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin) representing a broad range of toxic modes of action. No single species was the most sensitive to all chemicals. For the three standard test species evaluated, the rainbow trout was more sensitive than either the fathead minnow or sheepshead minnow and was equal to or more sensitive than listed and related species 81% of the time. To estimate an LC50 for a listed species, a factor of 0.63 can be applied to the geometric mean LC50 of rainbow trout toxicity data, and more conservative factors can be determined using variance estimates (0.46 based on 1 SD of the mean and 0.33 based on 2 SD of the mean). Additionally, a low- or no-acute effect concentration can be estimated by multiplying the respective LC50 by a factor of approximately 0.56, which supports the United States Environmental Protection Agency approach of multiplying the final acute value by 0.5 (division by 2). When captive or locally abundant populations of listed fish are available, consideration should be given to direct testing. When direct toxicity testing cannot be performed, approaches for developing protective measures using common test species toxicity data are available. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, F., Mayer, F., Sappington, L., Buckler, D., Bridges, C., Greer, I., Hardesty, D., Henke, C., Ingersoll, C., Kunz, J., Whites, D., Augspurger, T., Mount, D., Hattala, K., and Neuderfer, G., 2005, Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcfe4b0c8380cd49a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckler, D.R.","contributorId":54699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henke, C.E.","contributorId":102264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henke","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hattala, K.","contributorId":20619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattala","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Neuderfer, G.N.","contributorId":49250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuderfer","given":"G.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70029395,"text":"70029395 - 2005 - Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:15:15","indexId":"70029395","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping","docAbstract":"Prior to remediation at the abandoned Cu-Zn Penn Mine in the Foothills massive sulfide belt of the Sierra Nevada, CA, acid mine drainage (AMD) was created, in part, by the subaerial oxidation of sulfides exposed on several waste piles. To support remediation efforts, a mineralogical study of the waste piles was undertaken by acquiring reflectance spectra (measured in the visible to short-wave infrared range of light (0.35-2.5 ??m) using a portable, digitally integrated pen tablet PC mapping system with differential global positioning system and laser rangefinder support. Analysis of the spectral data made use of a continuum removal and band-shape comparison method, and of reference spectral libraries of end-member minerals and mineral mixtures. Identification of secondary Fe-bearing minerals focused on band matching in the region between 0.43 and 1.3 ??m. Identification of sheet and other silicates was based on band-shape analysis in the region between 1.9 and 2.4 ??m. Analysis of reflectance spectra of characterized rock samples from the mine helped in gauging the spectral response to particle size and mixtures. The resulting mineral maps delineated a pattern of accumulation of secondary Fe minerals, wherein centers of copiapite and jarosite that formed at low pH (<3) were surrounded successively by goethite and hematite, which mark progressive increases in pH. This pattern represents the evolution of acid solutions discharged from the pyritic waste piles and the subsequent accumulation of secondary precipitates by hydrolysis reactions. The results highlight the high capacity of the pyritic waste to release further acid mine drainage into the environment, as well as the effectiveness of the mapping method to detect subtle changes in surface mineralogy and to produce maps useful to agencies responsible for remediating the site. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.045","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Montero, S., Brimhall, G., Alpers, C.N., and Swayze, G., 2005, Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 453-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.045.","startPage":"453","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.045"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e9e4b0c8380cd4bfd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montero, S.I.C.","contributorId":87744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montero","given":"S.I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brimhall, G.H.","contributorId":91992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brimhall","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029386,"text":"70029386 - 2005 - Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:11:06","indexId":"70029386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent","docAbstract":"

Monitoring data collected over a 6‐year period show that a plume of chlorinated ethene–contaminated ground water has contracted significantly following treatment of the contaminant source area using in situ oxidation. Prior to treatment (1998), concentrations of perchloroethene (PCE) exceeded 4500 μg/L in a contaminant source area associated with a municipal landfill in Kings Bay, Georgia. The plume emanating from this source area was characterized by vinyl chloride (VC) concentrations exceeding 800 μg/L. In situ oxidation using Fenton's reagent lowered PCE concentrations in the source area below 100 μg/L, and PCE concentrations have not rebounded above this level since treatment. In the 6 years following treatment, VC concentrations in the plume have decreased significantly. These concentration declines can be attributed to the movement of Fenton's reagent–treated water downgradient through the system, the cessation of a previously installed pump‐and‐treat system, and the significant natural attenuation capacity of this anoxic aquifer. While in situ oxidation briefly decreased the abundance and activity of microorganisms in the source area, this activity rebounded in <6 months. Nevertheless, the shift from sulfate‐reducing to Fe(III)‐reducing conditions induced by Fenton's treatment may have decreased the efficiency of reductive dechlorination in the injection zone. The results of this study indicate that source‐area removal actions, particularly when applied to ground water systems that have significant natural attenuation capacity, can be effective in decreasing the areal extent and contaminant concentrations of chlorinated ethene plumes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0020.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., and Casey, C., 2005, Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 25, no. 2, p. 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0020.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0020.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f09fe4b0c8380cd4a7f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, C.C.","contributorId":10206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029383,"text":"70029383 - 2005 - Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029383","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited","docAbstract":"The tectonic sequence in the anti-jovian area covered by regional mapping images from Galileo's orbit E15 is determined from a study of cross-cutting relationships among lineament features. The sequence is used to test earlier results from orbit G1, based on lower resolution images, which appeared to display a progressive change in azimuthal orientation over about 90?? in a clockwise sense. Such a progression is consistent with expected stress variations that would accompany plausible non-synchronous rotation. The more recent data provide a more complete record than the G1 data did. We find that to fit the sequence into a continual clockwise change of orientation would require at least 1000?? (> 5 cycles) of azimuthal rotation. If due to non-synchronous rotation of Europa, this result implies that we are seeing back further into the tectonic record than the G1 results had suggested. The three sets of orientations found by Geissler et al. now appear to have been spaced out over several cycles, not during a fraction of one cycle. While our more complete sequence of lineament formation is consistent with non-synchronous rotation, a statistical test shows that it cannot be construed as independent evidence. Other lines of evidence do support non-synchronous rotation, but azimuths of crack sequences do not show it, probably because only a couple of cracks form in a given region in any given non-synchronous rotation period. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Sarid, A., Greenberg, R., Hoppa, G., Brown, D., and Geissler, P., 2005, Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited: Icarus, v. 173, no. 2, p. 469-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011.","startPage":"469","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011"},{"id":237630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc94e4b0c8380cd4e320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarid, A.R.","contributorId":72582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarid","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppa, G.V.","contributorId":68098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppa","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, D.M. Jr.","contributorId":18963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029382,"text":"70029382 - 2005 - Unusually low rates of slip on the Santa Rosa Range fault zone, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029382","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusually low rates of slip on the Santa Rosa Range fault zone, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"The Santa Rosa Range fault zone (SRRFZ) is one of the most topographically prominent normal fault systems in the northern Basin and Range province of the western United States. It has been assigned high rates of vertical slip by others and has been identified as a possible site of the future extension of the central Nevada seismic belt (CNSB). We use detailed trench mapping and luminescence dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last several large-magnitude paleoearthquakes on the southern part of the SRRFZ at a trench site near Orovada, Nevada. Coseismic vertical displacements ranged from 1 to 2.8 m for each of the last four events. Luminescence ages provide time limits for the last three events of 125-155 ka, 90-108 ka, and 11-16 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 17-65 k.y. and 74-97 k.y. and an elapsed time of 11-16 k.y. since the youngest event. Slip-rate determinations at the Orovada site are complicated by multiple fault strands, but rates calculated from a variety of data are surprisingly low (0.01-0.16 mm/yr), given the topographic prominence of the Santa Rosa Range. A lack of compelling patterns in a comparison of paleoseismic parameters indicate that the SRRFZ is no more likely a location for a large-magnitude earthquake than previously identified seismic gaps or along faults that lie directly north of the CNSB.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040001","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Personius, S., and Mahan, S., 2005, Unusually low rates of slip on the Santa Rosa Range fault zone, northern Nevada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 1, p. 319-333, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040001.","startPage":"319","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040001"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd09e4b08c986b328e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029380,"text":"70029380 - 2005 - Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029380","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America","docAbstract":"The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is listed as a threatened species throughout the southern extent of its geographic range in the United States. Most research on lynx has been conducted in the western United States and Canada; little is known about the ecology of lynx in eastern North America. To fill critical knowledge gaps about this species, we modeled and mapped lynx occurrence using habitat and weather data from 7 eastern states and 3 Canadian provinces. Annual snowfall, road density, bobcat (L. rufus) harvest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest were compared at 1,150 lynx locations and 1,288 random locations. Nineteen a priori models were developed using the information-theoretic approach, and logistic regression models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and by our ability to correctly classify reserved data (Kappa). Annual snowfall and deciduous forest predicted lynx presence and absence for a reserved dataset (n = 278) with 94% accuracy. A map of the probability of lynx occurrence throughout the region revealed that 92% of the potential habitat (i.e., >50% probability of occurrence) was concentrated in a relatively contiguous complex encompassing northern Maine, New Brunswick, and the Gaspe?? peninsula of Quebec. Most of the remaining potential habitat (5%) was on northern Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. Potential habitat in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York was small (1,252 km2), fragmented, and isolated (>200 km) from known lynx populations. When federally listed as threatened in the contiguous United States in 2000, inadequate regulations on federal lands were cited as the primary threat to Canada lynx. However, the majority of potential lynx habitat in the eastern United States is on private lands and continuous with potential habitat in Canada. Therefore, lynx conservation in eastern North America will need to develop partnerships across national, state, and provincial boundaries as well as with private landowners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hoving, C., Harrison, D., Krohn, W., Joseph, R., and O'Brien, M., 2005, Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 2, p. 739-751, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"739","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f286e4b0c8380cd4b20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoving, C.L.","contributorId":32333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoving","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, D.J.","contributorId":82022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joseph, R.A.","contributorId":69331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Brien, M.","contributorId":57980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029379,"text":"70029379 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:30:01","indexId":"70029379","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America","docAbstract":"

We assembled 831 data points for total mercury (Hgt) and 277 overlapping points for methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) in surface waters from Massachussetts, USA to the Island of Newfoundland, Canada from State, Provincial, and Federal government databases. These geographically indexed values were used to determine: (a) if large-scale spatial distribution patterns existed and (b) whether there were significant relationships between the two main forms of aquatic Hg as well as with total organic carbon (TOC), a well know complexer of metals. We analyzed the catchments where samples were collected using a Geographical Information System (GIS) approach, calculating catchment sizes, mean slope, and mean wetness index. Our results show two main spatial distribution patterns. We detected loci of high Hgt values near urbanized regions of Boston MA and Portland ME. However, except for one unexplained exception, the highest Hgt and CH3Hg+ concentrations were located in regions far from obvious point sources. These correlated to topographically flat (and thus wet) areas that we relate to wetland abundances. We show that aquatic Hgt and CH3Hg+ concentrations are generally well correlated with TOC and with each other. Over the region, CH3Hg+ concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt. There is an exception in the Boston region where CH3Hg+ is low compared to the high Hgt values. This is probably due to the proximity of point sources of inorganic Hg and a lack of wetlands. We also attempted to predict Hg concentrations in water with statistical models using catchment features as variables. We were only able to produce statistically significant predictive models in some parts of regions due to the lack of suitable digital information, and because data ranges in some regions were too narrow for meaningful regression analyses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","doi":"10.1007/s10646-004-6263-0","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Dennis, I.F., Clair, T.A., Driscoll, C.T., Kamman, N., Chalmers, A.T., Shanley, J., Norton, S.A., and Kahl, S., 2005, Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America: Ecotoxicology, v. 14, no. 1-2, p. 113-123, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-004-6263-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -57.919921875,\n 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A.","contributorId":83254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clair","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":167460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamman, Neil","contributorId":56892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamman","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, Jamie","contributorId":72922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norton, Stephen A.","contributorId":84384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kahl, Steve","contributorId":174043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70029377,"text":"70029377 - 2005 - Use of dissolved and vapor‐phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:36:18","indexId":"70029377","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of dissolved and vapor‐phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface","docAbstract":"

At many sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, methanogenesis is a significant degradation pathway. Techniques to estimate CH4 production, consumption, and transport processes are needed to understand the geochemical system, provide a complete carbon mass balance, and quantify the hydrocarbon degradation rate. Dissolved and vapor‐phase gas data collected at a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site near Bemidji, Minnesota, demonstrate that naturally occurring nonreactive or relatively inert gases such as Ar and N2 can be effectively used to better understand and quantify physical and chemical processes related to methanogenic activity in the subsurface. In the vadose zone, regions of Ar and N2 depletion and enrichment are indicative of methanogenic and methanotrophic zones, and concentration gradients between the regions suggest that reaction‐induced advection can be an important gas transport process. In the saturated zone, dissolved Ar and N2 concentrations are used to quantify degassing driven by methanogenesis and also suggest that attenuation of methane along the flow path, into the downgradient aquifer, is largely controlled by physical processes. Slight but discernable preferential depletion of N2 over Ar, in both the saturated and unsaturated zones near the free‐phase oil, suggests reactivity of N2 and is consistent with other evidence indicating that nitrogen fixation by microbial activity is taking place at this site.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003433","usgsCitation":"Amos, R.T., Mayer, K.U., Bekins, B.A., Delin, G.N., and Williams, R.L., 2005, Use of dissolved and vapor‐phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 2, W02001; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003433.","productDescription":"W02001; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003433","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee6e4b08c986b329852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, K. Ulrich","contributorId":151069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ulrich","affiliations":[{"id":18176,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Randi L.","contributorId":150556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Randi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029376,"text":"70029376 - 2005 - Multilevel assessment of fish species traits to evaluate habitat degradation in streams of the upper midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029376","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multilevel assessment of fish species traits to evaluate habitat degradation in streams of the upper midwest","docAbstract":"We used species traits to examine the variation in fish assemblages for 21 streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion along a gradient of habitat disturbance. Fish species were classified based on five species trait-classes (trophic ecology, substrate preference, geomorphic preference, locomotion morphology, and reproductive strategy) and 29 categories within those classes. We used a habitat quality index to define a reference stream and then calculated Euclidean distances between the reference and each of the other sites for the five traits. Three levels of species trait analyses were conducted: (1) a composite measure (the sum of Euclidean distances across all five species traits), (2) Euclidean distances for the five individual species trait-classes, and (3) frequencies of occurrence of individual trait categories. The composite Euclidean distance was significantly correlated to the habitat index (r = -0.81; P = 0.001), as were the Euclidean distances for four of the five individual species traits (substrate preference: r = -0.70, P = 0.001; geomorphic preference: r = -0.69, P = 0.001; trophic ecology: r = -0.73, P = 0.001; and reproductive strategy: r = -0.64, P = 0.002). Although Euclidean distances for locomotion morphology were not significantly correlated to habitat index scores (r = -0.21; P = 0.368), analysis of variance and principal components analysis indicated that Euclidean distances for locomotion morphology contributed to significant variation in the fish assemblages among sites. Examination of trait categories indicated that low habitat index scores (degraded streams) were associated with changes in frequency of occurrence within the categories of all five of the species traits. Though the objectives and spatial scale of a study will dictate the level of species trait information required, our results suggest that species traits can provide critical information at multiple levels of data analysis. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-042.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., and Meador, M.R., 2005, Multilevel assessment of fish species traits to evaluate habitat degradation in streams of the upper midwest: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 180-194, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-042.1.","startPage":"180","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-042.1"},{"id":237483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a602ae4b0c8380cd7132e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029373,"text":"70029373 - 2005 - Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029373","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2998,"text":"Palaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that conodonts are vertebrates rests solely on evidence of soft tissue anatomy. This has been corroborated by microstructural, topological and developmental evidence of homology between conodont and vertebrate hard tissues. However, these conclusions have been reached on the basis of evidence from highly derived euconodont taxa and the degree to which they are representative of plesiomorphic euconodonts remains an open question. Furthermore, the range of variation in tissue types comprising the euconodont basal body has been used to establish a hypothesis of developmental plasticity early in the phylogeny of the clade, and a model of diminishing potentiality in the evolution of development systems. The microstructural fabrics of the basal tissues of the earliest euconodonts (presumed to be the most plesiomorphic) are examined to test these two hypotheses. It is found that the range of microstructural variation observed hitherto was already apparent among plesiomorphic euconodonts. Thus, established histological data are representative of the most plesiomorphic euconodonts. However, although there is evidence of a range in microstructural fabrics, these are compatible with the dentine tissue system alone, and the degree of variation is compatible with that seen in clades of comparable diversity. ?? The Palaeontological Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","issn":"00310239","usgsCitation":"Dong, X., Donoghue, P., and Repetski, J., 2005, Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny: Palaeontology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 411-421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x.","startPage":"411","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488088,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc1e4b0c8380cd4a42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, X.-P.","contributorId":94846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"X.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donoghue, P.C.J.","contributorId":56018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"P.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}