Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
On October 8, 2005, a M 7.6 earthquake near Muzafarrabad, Pakistan, triggered a landslide that dammed the Karli River and one of its tributaries about 4 km upstream of the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers near the town of Hattian Bala. The smaller dam on the tributary of the Karli River has been artificially breached and is no longer a hazard. When the larger dammed lake on the Karli River has filled enough to flow over the landslide blockage, it will have impounded about 60 million cubic meters of water. This lake will drain through the landslide dam as it breaches during the spring runoff or during the monsoon season in early summer. The inundation associated with the Karli River landslide dam breach endangers a substantial downstream population, particularly the population located in the vicinity of Hattian Bala at the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers. To help mitigate this hazard, we used an accurate two-dimensional flow model to simulate dambreak flows associated with three breach-rate downcutting scenarios, and estimated inundation depths and peak flow velocities. We superimposed inundation extents and other attributes on photographic images of the region to provide clear delineation of potential impacts on populated areas near the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., O’Connell, D.R.H., and Jones, M., 2006, Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1094, 12 p., plus figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061094.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094_figs.html","text":"Figures 3–5, 7–42 ","linkHelpText":"— Large format plots."},{"id":366614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1094"}],"country":"Pakistan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","contact":"Director, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589
This map was created as part of a worldwide series of geologic maps for the U.S. Geological Survey’s World Energy Project, available on CD-ROM and through the Internet. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. Geologic provinces were created for ranking purposes in the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). A modified subset of these provinces are shown on the map, based on new bathymetric data and geologic knowledge. Geologic province boundaries are not intended to be taken for country boundaries or exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries. The USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results can be found online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060. Oil and gas fields are represented by a single geographic point in the center of the field and displays field type (oil or gas) only. The map includes three surface geology datasets, which were modified for display purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470L","usgsCitation":"French, C.D. and Schenk, C.J., 2006, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-L, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470L.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36 x 60 inches; Database; Metadata: ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/ofr97470L.pdf","text":"Map","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/database.zip","size":"10.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":110672,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77647.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368493,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/metadata.zip","size":"56.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":8565,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/readme.txt","size":"11.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 15\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 15\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","publishedDate":"2006-09-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fae","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"French, Christopher D.","contributorId":8338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744004,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744005,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187669,"text":"70187669 - 2006 - Reply to comment by F. Molz et al. on “Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three‐dimensional inverse flow and transport model”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:57:17","indexId":"70187669","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by F. Molz et al. on “Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three‐dimensional inverse flow and transport model”","docAbstract":"Disturbances and ecosystem recovery from disturbance both involve numerous processes that operate on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Few studies have investigated how gradients of disturbance intensity and ecosystem responses are distributed across multiple spatial resolutions and also how this relationship changes through time during recovery. We investigated how cover of non-native species and soil-aggregate stability (a measure of vulnerability to erosion by water) in surface and subsurface soils varied spatially during grazing by burros and cattle and whether patterns in these variables changed after grazer removal from Mojave National Preserve, California, USA. We compared distance from water and number of ungulate defecations — metrics of longer-term and recent grazing intensity, respectively, — as predictors of our response variables. We used information-theoretic analyses to compare hierarchical linear models that accounted for important covariates and allowed for interannual variation in the disturbance–response relationship at local and landscape scales. Soil stability was greater under perennial vegetation than in bare interspaces, and surface soil stability decreased with increasing numbers of ungulate defecations. Stability of surface samples was more affected by time since removal of grazers than was stability of subsurface samples, and subsurface soil stability in bare spaces was not related to grazing intensity, time since removal, or any of our other predictors. In the high rainfall year (2003) after cattle had been removed for 1–2 years, cover of all non-native plants averaged nine times higher than in the low-rainfall year (2002). Given the heterogeneity in distribution of large-herbivore impacts that we observed at several resolutions, hierarchical analyses provided a more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal complexities of disturbance and recovery processes in arid ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00253.x","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Huso, M.M., and Pyke, D.A., 2006, Multi-scale responses of soil stability and invasive plants to removal of non-native grazers from an arid conservation reserve: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 3, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00253.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00253.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.47454833984375,\n 35.457314187461634\n ],\n [\n -115.45394897460936,\n 35.41031879581839\n ],\n [\n -115.50201416015624,\n 35.4159149234562\n ],\n [\n -115.5047607421875,\n 35.432700974455926\n ],\n [\n -115.54183959960938,\n 35.43381992014202\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 35.480801595828616\n ],\n [\n -115.58853149414062,\n 35.48191987272801\n ],\n [\n -115.65719604492186,\n 35.464025575544696\n ],\n [\n -115.93048095703125,\n 35.37337460834958\n ],\n [\n -116.08840942382812,\n 35.26580442886754\n ],\n [\n -115.89614868164062,\n 35.24113278166642\n ],\n [\n -115.86318969726564,\n 35.16931803601131\n ],\n [\n -115.74920654296874,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -115.68328857421875,\n 35.112045209072974\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 35.023248960913385\n ],\n [\n -115.65444946289061,\n 34.95349314197422\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 34.879171662167664\n ],\n [\n -115.62423706054686,\n 34.80252766591687\n ],\n [\n -115.69564819335938,\n 34.71678232049371\n ],\n [\n -115.53909301757812,\n 34.724683640865685\n ],\n [\n -115.45669555664064,\n 34.765307073357754\n ],\n [\n -115.37841796874999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -115.2410888671875,\n 34.79801697349404\n ],\n [\n -115.19027709960936,\n 34.80365530045784\n ],\n [\n -115.16830444335938,\n 34.8047829195724\n ],\n [\n -115.07217407226562,\n 34.90958403746169\n ],\n [\n -114.98565673828124,\n 34.90958403746169\n ],\n [\n -114.97055053710936,\n 34.91183635807972\n ],\n [\n -114.96505737304688,\n 35.03449433167976\n ],\n [\n -114.94308471679689,\n 35.058104573869024\n ],\n [\n -114.94171142578124,\n 35.261319233370926\n ],\n [\n -115.059814453125,\n 35.345375322554474\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -115.33859252929688,\n 35.46290704974907\n ],\n [\n -115.34683227539061,\n 35.44388973159731\n ],\n [\n -115.3729248046875,\n 35.4617885083992\n ],\n [\n -115.43609619140624,\n 35.47744667178578\n ],\n [\n -115.47454833984375,\n 35.457314187461634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b4e4b0ef3b7ca6440f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huso, Manuela M. 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We find that scale considerations have been incorporated explicitly into six broad areas of investigation related to biological diversity: (1) heterogeneity within and among ecosystems, (2) disturbance ecology, (3) conservation and restoration, (4) invasion biology, (5) importance of temporal scale for understanding processes, and (6) species responses to environmental heterogeneity. In addition to placing the papers of this Special Feature within the context of brief summaries of the expanding literature on these six topics, we provide an overview of tools useful for integrating scale considerations into studies of biological diversity. Such tools include hierarchical and structural-equation modelling, kriging, variable-width buffers, k-fold cross-validation, and cascading graph diagrams, among others. Finally, we address some of the major challenges and research frontiers that remain, and conclude with a look to the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00260.x","usgsCitation":"Beever, E., Swihart, R., and Bestelmeyer, B.T., 2006, Linking the concept of scale to studies of biological diversity: evolving approaches and tools.: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 3, p. 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00260.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00260.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b3e4b0ef3b7ca643fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swihart, R.K.","contributorId":90560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swihart","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bestelmeyer, B. T.","contributorId":23468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bestelmeyer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160307,"text":"70160307 - 2006 - Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:14:31.57442","indexId":"70160307","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo","docAbstract":"Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an exotic disease invading the buffalo population (Syncerus caffer) of the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. We used a sex and age-structured epidemiological model to assess the effectiveness of a vaccination program and define important research directions. The model allows for dispersal between a focal herd and background population and was parameterized with a combination of published data and analyses of over 130 radio-collared buffalo in the central region of the KNP. Radio-tracking data indicated that all sex and age categories move between mixed herds, and males over 8 years old had higher mortality and dispersal rates than any other sex or age category. In part due to the high dispersal rates of buffalo, sensitivity analyses indicate that disease prevalence in the background population accounts for the most variability in the BTB prevalence and quasi-eradication within the focal herd. Vaccination rate and the transmission coefficient were the second and third most important parameters of the sensitivity analyses. Further analyses of the model without dispersal suggest that the amount of vaccination necessary for quasi-eradication (i.e. prevalence < 5%) depends upon the duration that a vaccine grants protection. Vaccination programs are more efficient (i.e. fewer wasted doses) when they focus on younger individuals. However, even with a lifelong vaccine and a closed population, the model suggests that >70% of the calf population would have to be vaccinated every year to reduce the prevalence to less than 1%. If the half-life of the vaccine is less than 5 years, even vaccinating every calf for 50 years may not eradicate BTB. Thus, although vaccination provides a means of controlling BTB prevalence it should be combined with other control measures if eradication is the objective.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.009","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., and Getz, W.M., 2006, Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo: Ecological Modelling, v. 196, no. 3-4, p. 494-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"504","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 31.865844726562504,\n -23.956136333969273\n ],\n [\n 31.75048828125,\n -23.87076873182047\n ],\n [\n 31.6680908203125,\n -23.61432859499168\n ],\n [\n 31.569213867187496,\n -23.478362362272495\n ],\n [\n 31.5472412109375,\n -23.185813175302915\n ],\n [\n 31.26708984375,\n -22.37039634432004\n ],\n [\n 31.0638427734375,\n -22.329752304376473\n ],\n [\n 30.9814453125,\n -22.52270570348246\n ],\n [\n 30.8880615234375,\n -22.710322842052246\n ],\n [\n 31.019897460937504,\n -22.735656852206482\n ],\n [\n 30.871582031249996,\n -23.0443526637918\n ],\n [\n 31.096801757812496,\n -23.649556122147732\n ],\n [\n 31.1572265625,\n -24.021379342900296\n ],\n [\n 30.805664062500004,\n -24.15176601231297\n ],\n [\n 31.26708984375,\n -24.602074737077242\n ],\n [\n 31.580200195312496,\n -24.63203814959688\n ],\n [\n 31.327514648437496,\n -24.72188526321623\n ],\n [\n 31.179199218749996,\n -25.000994300028946\n ],\n [\n 31.338500976562496,\n -25.547397663603167\n ],\n [\n 32.0086669921875,\n -25.423431426334222\n ],\n [\n 32.0196533203125,\n -24.8864364907877\n ],\n [\n 32.0196533203125,\n -24.467150664738988\n ],\n [\n 31.9921875,\n -24.302046975036543\n ],\n [\n 31.904296874999996,\n -24.166802085303225\n ],\n [\n 31.865844726562504,\n -23.956136333969273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"196","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729942e4b01a7f82451d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160264,"text":"70160264 - 2006 - Modeling the invasion and spread of contagious disease in heterogeneous populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:02:08","indexId":"70160264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"subseriesTitle":"DIMACS: Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science","title":"Modeling the invasion and spread of contagious disease in heterogeneous populations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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We assessed the variability in redd counts for migratory bull trout Salvelinus confluentus among experienced observers in Lion and Goat creeks, which are tributaries to the Swan River, Montana. We documented substantially lower observer variability in bull trout redd counts than did previous studies. Observer counts ranged from 78% to 107% of our best estimates of true redd numbers in Lion Creek and from 90% to 130% of our best estimates in Goat Creek. Observers made both errors of omission and errors of false identification, and we modeled this combination by use of a binomial probability of detection and a Poisson count distribution of false identifications. Redd detection probabilities were high (mean = 83%) and exhibited no significant variation among observers (SD = 8%). We applied this error structure to annual redd counts in the Swan River basin (1982–2004) to correct for observer error and thus derived more accurate estimates of redd numbers and associated confidence intervals. Our results indicate that bias in redd counts can be reduced if experienced observers are used to conduct annual redd counts. Future studies should assess both sources of observer error to increase the validity of using redd counts for inferring true redd numbers in different basins. This information will help fisheries biologists to more precisely monitor population trends, identify recovery and extinction thresholds for conservation and recovery programs, ascertain and predict how management actions influence distribution and abundance, and examine effects of recovery and restoration activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-129.1","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Taper, M.L., Staples, D.F., and Shepard, B.B., 2006, Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: Implications for inference on true redd numbers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 3, p. 643-654, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-129.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"654","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Goat Creek, Lion Creek, Swan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 47.19717795172789\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 49.04506962208046\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 49.04506962208046\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 47.19717795172789\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 47.19717795172789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff654e4b09cfe53ca79b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staples, David F.","contributorId":150561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staples","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006982,"text":"70006982 - 2006 - Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T14:20:02","indexId":"70006982","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"The population of dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis; hereafter duskies) breeding on the Copper River Delta (CRD), Alaska, USA, has been in long-term decline, largely as a result of reduced productivity. Estimates of renesting rates by duskies may be useful for adjusting estimates of the size of the breeding population derived from aerial surveys and for understanding population dynamics. We used a marked population of dusky females to obtain estimates of renesting propensity and renesting interval on the CRD, 1999–2000. Continuation nests, replacement nests initiated without a break in the laying sequence, resulted only after first nests were destroyed in the laying stage with ≤4 eggs laid. Renesting propensity declined with nest age from 72% in mid-laying to 30% in early incubation. Between first nests and renests, mean interval was 11.9 ± 0.6 days, mean distance was 74.5 m (range 0–214 m), and clutch size declined 0.9 ± 0.4 eggs. We incorporated our renesting estimates and available estimates of other nesting parameters into an individual-based model to predict the proportion of first nests, continuation nests, and renests, and to examine female success on the CRD, 1997–2000. Our model predicted that 19–36% of nests each year were continuation nests and renests. Also, through 15 May (the approx. date of breeding ground surveys), 1.1–1.3 nests were initiated per female. Thus, the number of nests per female would have a significant, though relatively consistent, effect on adjusting the relation between numbers of nests found on ground surveys versus numbers of birds seen during aerial surveys. We also suggest a method that managers could use to predict nests per female using nest success of early nests. Our model predicted that relative to observed estimates of nest success, female success was 32–100% greater, due to replacement nests. Thus, although nest success remains low, production for duskies was higher than previously thought. For dusky Canada geese, managers need to consider both continuation nests and renests in designing surveys and in calculating adjustment factors for the expansion of aerial survey data using nest densities.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T.F., Grand, J.B., Miller, D.A., and Anthony, R.M., 2006, Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 955-964, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"964","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River Delta","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa73fe4b0c8380cd852e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":50771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. 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Modelers are creating models that are more complex and mechanistic and that can incorporate more of the knowledge acquired by field biologists. Such models require field biologists to provide more specific information, larger sample sizes, and sometimes new kinds of data, such as habitat-specific demography and dispersal information. Field biologists need to support model development by testing key model assumptions and validating models. The best conservation decisions will occur where cooperative interaction enables field biologists, modelers, statisticians, and managers to contribute effectively. We begin by discussing the general form of ecological models—heuristic or mechanistic, \"scientific\" or statistical—and then highlight the structure, strengths, weaknesses, and applications of six types of models commonly used in avian conservation: (1) deterministic single-population matrix models, (2) stochastic population viability analysis (PVA) models for single populations, (3) metapopulation models, (4) spatially explicit models, (5) genetic models, and (6) species distribution models. We end by considering their unique attributes, determining whether the assumptions that underlie the structure are valid, and testing the ability of the model to predict the future correctly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ornithological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Beissinger, S.R., Walters, J.R., Catanzaro, D., Smith, K.G., Dunning, J., Haig, S.M., Noon, B., and Stith, B., 2006, Modeling approaches in avian conservation and the role of field biologists: Ornithological Monographs, v. 59, p. iii-56.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"iii","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166820","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdde4b0c8380cd6f86c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissinger, Steven R.","contributorId":100534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beissinger","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catanzaro, D.G.","contributorId":17085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catanzaro","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunning, J.B.","contributorId":23373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Noon, Barry","contributorId":64934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003869,"text":"70003869 - 2006 - Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyon pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003869","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyon pine","docAbstract":"Evidence from woodrat middens and tree rings at Dutch John Mountain (DJM) in northeastern Utah reveal spatiotemporal patterns of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) colonization and expansion in the past millennium. The DJM population, a northern outpost of pinyon, was established by long-distance dispersal (~40 km). Growth of this isolate was markedly episodic and tracked multidecadal variability in precipitation. Initial colonization occurred by AD 1246, but expansion was forestalled by catastrophic drought (1250–1288), which we speculate produced extensive mortality of Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little), the dominant tree at DJM for the previous ~8700 years. Pinyon then quickly replaced juniper across DJM during a few wet decades (1330–1339 and 1368–1377). Such alternating decadal-scale droughts and pluvial events play a key role in structuring plant communities at the landscape to regional level. These decadal-length precipitation anomalies tend to be regionally coherent and can synchronize physical and biological processes across large areas. Vegetation forecast models must incorporate these temporal and geographic aspects of climate variability to accurately predict the effects of future climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Betancourt, J.L., Jackson, S.T., and Eddy, R.G., 2006, Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyon pine: Ecology, v. 87, no. 5, p. 1124-1130.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1124","endPage":"1130","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101752,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/julio_pdf/Gray_Ecol_ea.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Dutch John Mountain","volume":"87","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. sgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen T.","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eddy, Robert G.","contributorId":33835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003890,"text":"70003890 - 2006 - Predicting woodrat (Neotoma) responses to anthropogenic warming from studies of the palaeomidden record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"70003890","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting woodrat (Neotoma) responses to anthropogenic warming from studies of the palaeomidden record","docAbstract":"Aim The influence of anthropogenic climate change on organisms is an area of great scientific concern. Increasingly there is recognition that abrupt climate transitions have occurred over the late Quaternary; studies of these shifts may yield insights into likely biotic responses to contemporary warming. Here, we review research undertaken over the past decade investigating the response of Neotoma (woodrats) body size and distribution to climate change over the late Quaternary (the last 40,000 years). By integrating information from woodrat palaeomiddens, historical museum specimens and field studies of modern populations, we identify potential evolutionary responses to climate change occurring over a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, we characterize climatic thresholds in the past that led to local species extirpation and/or range alterations rather than in situ adaptation, and apply them to anticipate potential biotic responses to anthropogenic climate change. Location Middens were collected at about 55 sites scattered across the western United States, ranging from about 34 to 46° N and about 104 to 116° W, respectively. Data for modern populations were drawn from studies conducted in Death Valley, California, Missoula, Montana and the Sevilleta LTER site in central New Mexico. Methods We analysed faecal pellets from midden series collected at numerous cave sites across the western United States. From these we estimated body mass using techniques validated in earlier studies. We compared body size fluctuations at different elevations in different regions and integrated these results with studies investigating temperature–body size tradeoffs in modern animals. We also quantify the rapidity of the size changes over the late Quaternary to estimate the evolutionary capacity of woodrats to deal with predicted rates of anthropogenic climate change over the next century. Results We find remarkable similarities across the geographical range to late Quaternary climate change. In the middle of the geographical range woodrats respond in accordance to Bergmann's rule: colder climatic conditions select for larger body size and warmer conditions select for smaller body size. Patterns are more complicated at range boundaries, and local environmental conditions influence the observed response. In general, woodrat body size fluctuates with approximately the same amplitude and frequency as climate; there is a significant and positive correlation between woodrat body size and generalized climate proxies (such as ice core records). Woodrats have achieved evolutionary rates of change equal to or greater than those needed to adapt in situ to anthropogenic climate change. Main conclusions In situ body size evolution is a likely outcome of climate change, and such shifts are part of a normal spectrum of adaptation. Woodrats appear to be subject to ongoing body size selection in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. Allometric considerations suggest that these shifts in body size lead to substantial changes in the physiology, life history and ecology of woodrats, and on their direct and indirect interactions with other organisms in the ecosystem. Our work highlights the importance of a finely resolved and long-term record in understanding biotic responses to climatic shifts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Smith, F., and Betancourt, J.L., 2006, Predicting woodrat (Neotoma) responses to anthropogenic warming from studies of the palaeomidden record: Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, no. 12, p. 2061-2076.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2061","endPage":"2076","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94669,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/julio_pdf/Smith_Betancourt2006.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,34 ], [ -116,46 ], [ -104,46 ], [ -104,34 ], [ -116,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Felisa A.","contributorId":9389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Felisa A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003843,"text":"70003843 - 2006 - Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:46:53","indexId":"70003843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile","docAbstract":"Plant macrofossils from 33 rodent middens sampled at three sites between 2910 and 3150 m elevation in the main canyon of the Rīo Salado, northern Chile, yield a unique record of vegetation and climate over the past 22,000 cal yr BP. Presence of low-elevation Prepuna taxa throughout the record suggests that mean annual temperature never cooled by more than 5°C and may have been near-modern at 16,270 cal yr BP. Displacements in the lower limits of Andean steppe and Puna taxa indicate that mean annual rainfall was twice modern at 17,520-16,270 cal yr BP. This pluvial event coincides with infilling of paleolake Tauca on the Bolivian Altiplano, increased ENSO activity inferred from a marine core near Lima, abrupt deglaciation in southern Chile, and Heinrich Event 1. Moderate to large increases in precipitation also occurred at 11,770-9550 (Central Atacama Pluvial Event), 7330-6720, 3490-2320 and at 800 cal yr BP. Desiccation occurred at 14,180, 8910-8640, and 4865 cal yr BP. Compared to other midden sites in the region, early Holocene desiccation seems to have happened progressively earlier farther south. Emerging trends from the cumulative midden record in the central Atacama agree at millennial timescales with improved paleolake chronologies for the Bolivian Altiplano, implying common forcing through changes in equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature gradients.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002","usgsCitation":"Latorre, C., Betancourt, J.L., and Arroyo, M.T., 2006, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 450-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"466","costCenters":[{"id":220,"text":"Desert Laboratory U.S. Geological Survey and University of Arizona","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3264491","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002"}],"country":"Chile","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arroyo, Mary T.K.","contributorId":31887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arroyo","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003893,"text":"70003893 - 2006 - Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"70003893","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-22T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA","docAbstract":"Aim? Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) is an economically and ecologically important conifer that has a wide geographic range in the western USA, but is mostly absent from the geographic centre of its distribution - the Great Basin and adjoining mountain ranges. Much of its modern range was achieved by migration of geographically distinct Sierra Nevada (P. ponderosa var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. ponderosa var. scopulorum) varieties in the last 10,000 years. Previous research has confirmed genetic differences between the two varieties, and measurable genetic exchange occurs where their ranges now overlap in western Montana. A variety of approaches in bioclimatic modelling is required to explore the ecological differences between these varieties and their implications for historical biogeography and impending changes in western landscapes.\n\nLocation? Western USA.\n\nMethods? We used a classification tree analysis and a minimum-volume ellipsoid as models to explain the broad patterns of distribution of ponderosa pine in modern environments using climatic and edaphic variables. Most biogeographical modelling assumes that the target group represents a single, ecologically uniform taxonomic population. Classification tree analysis does not require this assumption because it allows the creation of pathways that predict multiple positive and negative outcomes. Thus, classification tree analysis can be used to test the ecological uniformity of the species. In addition, a multidimensional ellipsoid was constructed to describe the niche of each variety of ponderosa pine, and distances from the niche were calculated and mapped on a 4-km grid for each ecological variable.\n\nResults? The resulting classification tree identified three dominant pathways predicting ponderosa pine presence. Two of these three pathways correspond roughly to the distribution of var. ponderosa, and the third pathway generally corresponds to the distribution of var. scopulorum. The classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid model show that both varieties have very similar temperature limitations, although var. ponderosa is more limited by the temperature extremes of the continental interior. The precipitation limitations of the two varieties are seasonally different, with var. ponderosa requiring significant winter moisture and var. scopulorum requiring significant summer moisture. Great Basin mountain ranges are too cold at higher elevations to support either variety of ponderosa pine, and at lower elevations are too dry in summer for var. scopulorum and too dry in winter for var. ponderosa.\n\nMain conclusions? The classification tree analysis indicates that var. ponderosa is ecologically as well as genetically distinct from var. scopulorum. Ecological differences may maintain genetic separation in spite of a limited zone of introgression between the two varieties in western Montana. Two hypotheses about past and future movements of ponderosa pine emerge from our analyses. The first hypothesis is that, during the last glacial period, colder and/or drier summers truncated most of the range of var. scopulorum in the central Rockies, but had less dramatic effects on the more maritime and winter-wet distribution of var. ponderosa. The second hypothesis is that, all other factors held constant, increasing summer temperatures in the future should produce changes in the distribution of var. scopulorum that are likely to involve range expansions in the central Rockies with the warming of mountain ranges currently too cold but sufficiently wet in summer for var. scopulorum. Finally, our results underscore the growing need to focus on genotypes in biogeographical modelling and ecological forecasting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.R., Jackson, S.T., and Betancourt, J.L., 2006, Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA: Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, no. 2, p. 342-360.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"360","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01396.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":43746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176792,"text":"70176792 - 2006 - Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:51:46","indexId":"70176792","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) included both Strombolian and Subplinian activity, as well as a “pre-Subplinian” phase interpreted as the local coalescence within a long foam in the conduit. Although few visual observations were made of the eruption, a great deal of information regarding gas velocity, gas flux at the vent and plume height may be inferred by using acoustic recordings of the eruption. By relating acoustic power to gas velocity, a time series of gas velocity is calculated for the Subplinian and pre-Subplinian phases. These time series show trends in gas velocity that are interpreted as plumes or, for those signals lasting only a short time, thermals. The Subplinian phase is shown to be composed of a thermal followed by five plumes with a total expelled gas volume of
The initiation of the Subplinian activity is probably related to the arrival of a large overpressurised bubble close to the top of the magma column. A gradual increase in low-frequency (0.01–0.5 Hz) signal prior to this “trigger bubble” may be due to the rise of the bubble in the conduit. This delay corresponds to a reservoir located at ≈3.9 km below the surface, in good agreement with studies on other volcanoes.
The presence of two thermal phases is also identified in the middle of the pre-Subplinian phase with a total gas release of
The agreement is very good between estimates of the gas flux from modelling the plume height and those obtained from acoustic measurements, leading to a new method by which eruption physical parameters may be quantified. Furthermore, direct measurements of gas velocity can be used for better estimates of the
A major objective of the 1995 Florida Panther (Puma concolor cory) Recovery Plan is the establishment of 2 additional panther populations within the historic range. Our goal was to identify prospective sites for Florida panther reintroduction within the historic range based on quantitative landscape assessments. First, we delineated 86 panther home ranges using telemetry data collected from 1981 to 2001 in south Florida to develop a Mahalanobis distance (D2) habitat model, using 4 anthropogenic variables and 3 landscape variables mapped at a 500-m resolution. From that analysis, we identified 9 potential reintroduction sites of sufficient size to support a panther population. We then developed a similar D2 model at a higher spatial resolution to quantify the area of favorable panther habitat at each site. To address potential for the population to expand, we calculated the amount of favorable habitat adjacent to each prospective reintroduction site within a range of dispersal distances of female panthers. We then added those totals to the contiguous patches to estimate the total amount of effective panther habitat at each site. Finally, we developed an expert-assisted model to rank and incorporate potentially important habitat variables that were not appropriate for our empirical analysis (e.g., area of public lands, livestock density). Anthropogenic factors heavily influenced both the landscape and the expert-assisted models. Of the 9 areas we identified, the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Ozark National Forest, and Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge regions had the highest combination of effective habitat area and expert opinion scores. Sensitivity analyses indicated that variability among key model parameters did not affect the high ranking of those sites. Those sites should be considered as starting points for the field evaluation of potential reintroduction sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[752:ISSFFP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, C.A., van Manen, F.T., and Clark, J.D., 2006, Identifying suitable sites for Florida panther reintroduction: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 752-763, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[752:ISSFFP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"763","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 29.1233732108192\n ],\n [\n -82.298583984375,\n 29.104176683949984\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -80.980224609375,\n 29.334298230315675\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 28.738763971370293\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.17855984939698\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 27.42053815128712\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 27.039556602163195\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 26.401710528707707\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 25.750424835909385\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.512700007620513\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 25.21488107113259\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 25.055745117015316\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 25.572175556682115\n ],\n [\n -81.441650390625,\n 25.770213848960275\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 25.78999956287362\n ],\n [\n -81.903076171875,\n 26.125850185680356\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 26.362342068998764\n ],\n [\n -82.298583984375,\n 26.441065564038418\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 26.755420897359123\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 27.196014383173306\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 27.732160709580906\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 27.98470011861268\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.44937385955666\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 28.632746799225856\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.93124697186731\n ],\n [\n -82.869873046875,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6db5e4b0ef3b7ca3568e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170257,"text":"70170257 - 2006 - Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T15:11:22","indexId":"70170257","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The black bear (Ursus americanus) population at White River National Wildlife Refuge is isolated and genetically distinct, but hunting occurs adjacent to refuge boundaries and females with cubs are removed annually for a reintroduction project. We trapped and radiotracked bears to determine level of exploitation and compare methods for estimating population growth and sustainability. We captured 260 bears (113 M:147 F), 414 times, from 1998 through 2003. Survival estimates based on radiotracking and mark–recapture indicated that hunting and translocations were significant sources of loss. Based on mark–recapture data (Pradel estimator), the annual population growth rate (λ) averaged 1.066 (SE = 0.077) when translocation removals occurred and averaged 0.961 (SE = 0.155) when both harvest and translocations occurred. Estimates of λ based on a population simulation model (program RISKMAN) averaged 1.061 (SD = 0.104) and 1.100 (SD = 0.111) when no removals occurred, 1.003 (SD = 0.097) and 1.046 (SD = 0.102) when translocations occurred, and 0.973 (SD = 0.096) and 1.006 (SD = 0.099) when both harvest and translocations occurred, depending on the survival rate estimates we used. The probability of population decline by >25% over a 10-year period ranged from 13.8 to 68.8%, given our estimated removal rates. We conclude that hunting and translocation losses are at or exceed the maximum the population is capable of sustaining. Although extinction risks of this important bear population are low over the near term, it should continue to be closely monitored by state and federal agencies. The mark–recapture method we used to estimate λ proved to be a reliable alternative to more costly population modeling methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1094:GASOBB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Eastridge, R., 2006, Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1094-1101, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1094:GASOBB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1101","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Arkansas county, Desha county, Monroe county, Phillips county","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.18515014648438,\n 34.00428898114395\n ],\n [\n -91.2469482421875,\n 34.01055023831342\n ],\n [\n -91.24076843261719,\n 34.03729768165775\n ],\n [\n -91.241455078125,\n 34.057210513510306\n ],\n [\n -91.23458862304688,\n 34.068587174791965\n ],\n [\n -91.24282836914062,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -91.25312805175781,\n 34.099865116851994\n ],\n [\n -91.22840881347655,\n 34.115783994045756\n ],\n [\n -91.20368957519531,\n 34.14420310897081\n ],\n [\n -91.19956970214844,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -91.19476318359375,\n 34.17147646866661\n ],\n [\n -91.17965698242188,\n 34.179429539103374\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 34.20158056821986\n ],\n [\n -91.14463806152344,\n 34.21180215769026\n ],\n [\n -91.11305236816406,\n 34.21180215769026\n ],\n [\n -91.08901977539062,\n 34.21180215769026\n ],\n [\n -91.05949401855469,\n 34.204420022968065\n ],\n [\n -91.05262756347656,\n 34.186245860011574\n ],\n [\n -91.05262756347656,\n 34.16124999108587\n ],\n [\n -91.05606079101562,\n 34.13226824445654\n ],\n [\n -91.05812072753906,\n 34.0822371521209\n ],\n [\n -91.06979370117188,\n 34.05891711006568\n ],\n [\n -91.07460021972656,\n 34.04241857075928\n ],\n [\n -91.0821533203125,\n 34.028762179464465\n ],\n [\n -91.10069274902344,\n 34.016811033816374\n ],\n [\n -91.15287780761719,\n 34.0219331594475\n ],\n [\n -91.18515014648438,\n 34.00428898114395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6db4e4b0ef3b7ca35688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastridge, R.","contributorId":46464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastridge","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98712,"text":"tm11A2 - 2006 - FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T18:40:13.69788","indexId":"tm11A2","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-A2","title":"FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)","docAbstract":"PLEASE NOTE: This now-approved 'FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)' officially supercedes its earlier (2000) Public Review Draft version (see 'Earlier Versions of the Standard' below). \r\n\r\nIn August 2006, the Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization was officially endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) as the national standard for the digital cartographic representation of geologic map features (FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006). Presented herein is the PostScript Implementation of the standard, which will enable users to directly apply the symbols in the standard to geologic maps and illustrations prepared in desktop illustration and (or) publishing software. \r\n\r\nThe FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization contains descriptions, examples, cartographic specifications, and notes on usage for a wide variety of symbols that may be used on typical, general-purpose geologic maps and related products such as cross sections. The standard also can be used for different kinds of special-purpose or derivative map products and databases that may be focused on a specific geoscience topic (for example, slope stability) or class of features (for example, a fault map). The standard is scale-independent, meaning that the symbols are appropriate for use with geologic mapping compiled or published at any scale. It will be useful to anyone who either produces or uses geologic map information, whether in analog or digital form. \r\n\r\nPlease be aware that this standard is not intended to be used inflexibly or in a manner that will limit one's ability to communicate the observations and interpretations gained from geologic mapping. In certain situations, a symbol or its usage might need to be modified in order to better represent a particular feature on a geologic map or cross section. This standard allows the use of any symbol that doesn't conflict with others in the standard, provided that it is clearly explained on the map and in the database. In addition, modifying the size, color, and (or) lineweight of an existing symbol to suit the needs of a particular map or output device also is permitted, provided that the modified symbol's appearance is not too similar to another symbol on the map. Be aware, however, that reducing lineweights below .125 mm (.005 inch) may cause symbols to plot incorrectly if output at higher resolutions (1800 dpi or higher). \r\n\r\nFor guidelines on symbol usage, as well as on color design and map labeling, please refer to the standard's introductory text. Also found there are informational sections covering concepts of geologic mapping and some definitions of geologic map features, as well as sections on the newly defined concepts and terminology for the scientific confidence and locational accuracy of geologic map features. \r\n\r\nMore information on both the past development and the future maintenance of the FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization can be found at the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee website (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/). \r\n\r\nEarlier Versions of the Standard","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm11A2","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geologic Data Subcommittee of the Federal Geographic Data Committee","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-A2, HTML Page; PDF Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11A2.","productDescription":"HTML Page; PDF Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":14120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/11A02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_11_A2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bddac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":905333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224627,"text":"5224627 - 2006 - Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","docAbstract":"Matrix population models that allow an animal to occupy more than one state over time are important tools for population and evolutionary ecologists. Definition of state can vary, including location for metapopulation models and breeding state for life history models. For populations whose members can be marked and subsequently re-encountered, multistate mark-recapture models are available to estimate the survival and transition probabilities needed to construct population models. Multistate models have proved extremely useful in this context, but they often require a substantial amount of data and restrict estimation of transition probabilities to those areas or states subjected to formal sampling effort. At the same time, for many species, there are considerable tag recovery data provided by the public that could be modeled in order to increase precision and to extend inference to a greater number of areas or states. Here we present a statistical model for combining multistate capture-recapture data (e.g., from a breeding ground study) with multistate tag recovery data (e.g., from wintering grounds). We use this method to analyze data from a study of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Atlantic Flyway of North America. Our analysis produced marginal improvement in precision, due to relatively few recoveries, but we demonstrate how precision could be further improved with increases in the probability that a retrieved tag is reported.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6533_Kendall.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Conn, P., and Hines, J., 2006, Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters: Ecology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 169-177.","productDescription":"169-177","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17556,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/05-0637","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224628,"text":"5224628 - 2006 - Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:37:29","indexId":"5224628","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes","docAbstract":"Forested riparian corridors are thought to minimize impacts of landscape disturbance on stream ecosystems; yet, the effectiveness of streamside forests in mitigating disturbance in urbanizing catchments is unknown. We expected that riparian forests would provide minimal benefits for fish assemblages in streams that are highly impaired by sediment or hydrologic alteration. We tested this hypothesis in 30 small streams along a gradient of urban disturbance (1–65% urban land cover). Species expected to be sensitive to disturbance (i.e., fluvial specialists and “sensitive” species that respond negatively to urbanization) were best predicted by models including percent forest cover in the riparian corridor and a principal components axis describing sediment disturbance. Only sites with coarse bed sediment and low bed mobility (vs. sites with high amounts of fine sediment) had increased richness and abundances of sensitive species with higher percent riparian forests, supporting our hypothesis that response to riparian forests is contingent on the sediment regime. Abundances of Etheostoma scotti, the federally threatened Cherokee darter, were best predicted by models with single variables representing stormflow (r2 = 0.34) and sediment (r2 = 0.23) conditions. Lentic-tolerant species richness and abundance responded only to a variable representing prolonged duration of low-flow conditions. For these species, hydrologic alteration overwhelmed any influence of riparian forests on stream biota. These results suggest that, at a minimum, catchment management strategies must simultaneously address hydrologic, sediment, and riparian disturbance in order to protect all aspects of fish assemblage integrity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1","usgsCitation":"Roy, A., Freeman, M.C., Freeman, B.J., Wenger, S., Meyer, J., and Ensign, W., 2006, Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes: Environmental Management, v. 47, no. 4, p. 523-539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, A.H.","contributorId":24065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ensign, W.E.","contributorId":66382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensign","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224629,"text":"5224629 - 2006 - Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224629","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities","docAbstract":"Models for estimating the probability of occurrence of a species in the presence of imperfect detection are important in many ecological disciplines. In these ?site occupancy? models, the possibility of heterogeneity in detection probabilities among sites must be considered because variation in abundance (and other factors) among sampled sites induces variation in detection probability (p). In this article, I develop occurrence probability models that allow for heterogeneous detection probabilities by considering several common classes of mixture distributions for p. For any mixing distribution, the likelihood has the general form of a zero-inflated binomial mixture for which inference based upon integrated likelihood is straightforward. A recent paper by Link (2003, Biometrics 59, 1123?1130) demonstrates that in closed population models used for estimating population size, different classes of mixture distributions are indistinguishable from data, yet can produce very different inferences about population size. I demonstrate that this problem can also arise in models for estimating site occupancy in the presence of heterogeneous detection probabilities. The implications of this are discussed in the context of an application to avian survey data and the development of animal monitoring programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6538_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2006, Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities: Biometrics, v. 62, no. 1, p. 97-102.","productDescription":"97-102","startPage":"97","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17558,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118626525/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224630,"text":"5224630 - 2006 - Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224630","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management","docAbstract":"Stochastic and structural uncertainties about forest dynamics present challenges in the management of ephemeral habitat conditions for endangered forest species. Maintaining critical foraging and breeding habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) requires an uninterrupted supply of old-growth forest. We constructed and optimized a dynamic forest growth model for the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia, USA) with the objective of perpetuating a maximum stream of old-growth forest habitat. Our model accommodates stochastic disturbances and hardwood succession rates, and uncertainty about model structure. We produced a regeneration policy that was indexed by current forest state and by current weight of evidence among alternative model forms. We used adaptive stochastic dynamic programming, which anticipates that model probabilities, as well as forest states, may change through time, with consequent evolution of the optimal decision for any given forest state. In light of considerable uncertainty about forest dynamics, we analyzed a set of competing models incorporating extreme, but plausible, parameter values. Under any of these models, forest silviculture practices currently recommended for the creation of woodpecker habitat are suboptimal. We endorse fully adaptive approaches to the management of endangered species habitats in which predictive modeling, monitoring, and assessment are tightly linked.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6539_Moore.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., and Conroy, M., 2006, Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management: Forest Science, v. 52, no. 2, p. 155-172.","productDescription":"155-172","startPage":"155","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17559,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://saf.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2006/00000052/00000002/art00006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, C. T. 0000-0002-6053-2880","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":87649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224642,"text":"5224642 - 2006 - Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224642","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions","docAbstract":"Aim Based on a priori hypotheses, we developed predictions about how avian communities might differ at the edges vs. interiors of ecoregions. Specifically, we predicted lower species richness and greater local turnover and extinction probabilities for regional edges. We tested these predictions using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data across nine ecoregions over a 20-year time period. Location Data from 2238 BBS routes within nine ecoregions of the United States were used. Methods The estimation methods used accounted for species detection probabilities < 1. Parameter estimates for species richness, local turnover and extinction probabilities were obtained using the program COMDYN. We examined the difference in community-level parameters estimated from within exterior edges (the habitat interface between ecoregions), interior edges (the habitat interface between two bird conservation regions within the same ecoregion) and interior (habitat excluding interfaces). General linear models were constructed to examine sources of variation in community parameters for five ecoregions (containing all three habitat types) and all nine ecoregions (containing two habitat types). Results Analyses provided evidence that interior habitats and interior edges had on average higher bird species richness than exterior edges, providing some evidence of reduced species richness near habitat edges. Lower average extinction probabilities and turnover rates in interior habitats (five-region analysis) provided some support for our predictions about these quantities. However, analyses directed at all three response variables, i.e. species richness, local turnover, and local extinction probability, provided evidence of an interaction between habitat and region, indicating that the relationships did not hold in all regions. Main conclusions The overall predictions of lower species richness, higher local turnover and extinction probabilities in regional edge habitats, as opposed to interior habitats, were generally supported. However, these predicted tendencies did not hold in all regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6552_Karanth.pdf","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., and Hines, J., 2006, Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions: Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, no. 4, p. 674-682.","productDescription":"674-682","startPage":"674","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17564,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118728870/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae56b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K.K.","contributorId":65964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224641,"text":"5224641 - 2006 - Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T14:24:04.624739","indexId":"5224641","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida","docAbstract":"1. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major factors affecting vertebrate populations. A major effect of these habitat alterations is that they reduce movement of organisms. Despite the accepted importance of movement in driving the dynamics of many natural populations, movement of vertebrates in fragmented landscapes have seldom been estimated with robust statistical methods. 2. We estimated movement probabilities of snail kites Rosthramus sociabilis within the remaining wetlands in Florida. Using both radio-telemetry and banding information, we used a multistate modelling approach to estimate transition probabilities at two temporal scales (month; year) and multiple spatial scales. We examined kite movement among wetlands altered by three different levels of fragmentation: among wetlands separated by small physical barriers (e.g. road); among wetlands separated by moderate amount of matrix (< 5 km); and among wetlands separated by extensive matrix areas (> 15 km). 3. Kites moved extensively among contiguous wetlands (movement probability 0?29 per month), but significantly less among isolated wetlands (movement probability 0?10 per month). 4. Kites showed high levels of annual site fidelity to most isolated wetlands (probability ranged from 0?72 to 0?95 per year). 5. We tested the effects of patch size and interpatch distance on movement. Our modelling indicated an effect of both distance and patch size on juveniles' movement (but not adult) when examining movements among fragments. 6. Only a small proportion of kites escaped a regional drought by moving to refugia (wetlands less affected by drought). Many individuals died after the drought. During drought adult survival dropped by 16% while juvenile survival dropped by 86% (possibly because juveniles were less likely to reach refugia). 7. We hypothesize that fragmentation may decrease kite's resistance to drought by restricting exploratory behaviour.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01073.x","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Nichols, J., Kitchens, W., and Hines, J., 2006, Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 75, no. 2, p. 527-539, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01073.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"539","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 24.327076540018634\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 24.327076540018634\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 28.87353946316266\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 28.87353946316266\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 24.327076540018634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}