{"pageNumber":"973","pageRowStart":"24300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46896,"records":[{"id":70029143,"text":"70029143 - 2005 - Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T11:28:17","indexId":"70029143","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001","docAbstract":"<p><span>The February 2001 eruption of Cleveland Volcano, Alaska allowed for comparisons of volcanic ash detection using two‐band thermal infrared (10–12 μm) remote sensing from MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES 10. Results show that high latitude GOES volcanic cloud sensing the range of about 50 to 65°N is significantly enhanced. For the Cleveland volcanic clouds the MODIS and AVHRR data have zenith angles 6–65 degrees and the GOES has zenith angles that are around 70 degrees. The enhancements are explained by distortion in the satellite view of the cloud's lateral extent because the satellite zenith angles result in a “side‐looking” aspect and longer path lengths through the volcanic cloud. The shape of the cloud with respect to the GOES look angle also influences the results. The MODIS and AVHRR data give consistent retrievals of the ash cloud evolution over time and are good corrections for the GOES data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004GL021651","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Rose, W.I., Schneider, D., Bluth, G., and Watson, I., 2005, Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 2, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021651.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477901,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021651","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021651"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cleveland volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.01617431640625,\n              52.79113653258534\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.86923217773438,\n              52.79113653258534\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.86923217773438,\n              52.859180945520826\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.01617431640625,\n              52.859180945520826\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.01617431640625,\n              52.79113653258534\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e709e4b0c8380cd477eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, D.J.","contributorId":12997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bluth, G.J.S.","contributorId":79258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluth","given":"G.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watson, I.M.","contributorId":77696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029132,"text":"70029132 - 2005 - Magma generation at a large, hyperactive silicic volcano (Taupo, New Zealand) revealed by U-Th and U-Pb systematics in zircons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T10:31:53","indexId":"70029132","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma generation at a large, hyperactive silicic volcano (Taupo, New Zealand) revealed by U-Th and U-Pb systematics in zircons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Young (&lt;∼65 ka) explosive silicic volcanism at Taupo volcano, New Zealand, has involved the development and evacuation of several crustal magmatic systems. Up to and including the 26·5 ka 530 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;Oruanui eruption, magmatic systems were contemporaneous but geographically separated. Subsequently they have been separated in time and have vented from geographically overlapping areas. Single-crystal (secondary ionization mass spectrometry) and multiple-crystal (thermal ionization mass spectrometry) zircon model-age data are presented from nine representative eruption deposits from ∼45 to ∼3·5 ka. Zircon yields vary by three orders of magnitude, correlating with the degrees of zircon saturation in the magmas, and influencing the spectra of model ages. Two adjacent magma systems active up to 26·5 ka show wholly contrasting model-age spectra. The smaller system shows a simple unimodal distribution. The larger system, using data from three eruptions, shows bimodal model-age spectra. An older ∼100 ka peak is interpreted to represent zircons (antecrysts) derived from older silicic mush or plutonic rocks, and a younger peak to represent zircons (phenocrysts) that grew in the magma body immediately prior to eruption. Post-26·5 ka magma batches show contrasting age spectra, consistent with a mixture of antecrysts, phenocrysts and, in two examples, xenocrysts from Quaternary plutonic and Mesozoic–Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks. The model-age spectra, coupled with zircon-dissolution modelling, highlight contrasts between short-term silicic magma generation at Taupo, by bulk remobilization of crystal mush and assimilation of metasediment and/or silicic plutonic basement rocks, and the longer-term processes of fractionation from crustally contaminated mafic melts. Contrasts between adjacent or successive magma systems are attributed to differences in positions of the source and root zones within contrasting domains in the quartzo-feldspathic (&lt;15 km deep) crust below the volcano.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egh060","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Charlier, B.L., Wilson, C.J., Lowenstern, J.B., Blake, S., van Calsteren, P., and Davidson, J., 2005, Magma generation at a large, hyperactive silicic volcano (Taupo, New Zealand) revealed by U-Th and U-Pb systematics in zircons: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 3-32, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egh060.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egh060"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Taupo volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              175.59173583984375,\n              -39.03838632847035\n            ],\n            [\n              176.24542236328125,\n              -39.03838632847035\n            ],\n            [\n              176.24542236328125,\n              -38.62759968861309\n            ],\n            [\n              175.59173583984375,\n              -38.62759968861309\n            ],\n            [\n              175.59173583984375,\n              -39.03838632847035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b31e4b0c8380cd69368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, S.","contributorId":59230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Calsteren, P.W.","contributorId":7068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Calsteren","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029129,"text":"70029129 - 2005 - Observations of plan-view sand ripple behavior and spectral wave climate on the inner shelf of San Pedro Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029129","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of plan-view sand ripple behavior and spectral wave climate on the inner shelf of San Pedro Bay, California","docAbstract":"Concurrent video images of sand ripples and current meter measurements of directional wave spectra are analyzed to study the relations between waves and wave-generated sand ripples. The data were collected on the inner shelf off Huntington Beach, California, at 15 m water depth, where the sea floor is comprised of well-sorted very fine sands (D50=92 ??m), during the winter of 2002. The wave climate, which was controlled by southerly swells (12-18 s period) and westerly wind waves (5-10 s period), included three wave types: (A) uni-modal, swells only; (B) bi-modal, swells dominant; and (C) bi-modal, wind-wave dominant. Each wave type has distinct relations with the plan-view shapes of ripples that are classified into five types: (1) sharp-crested, two-dimensional (2-D) ripples; (2) sharp-crested, brick-pattern, 3-D ripples; (3) bifurcated, 3-D ripples; (4) round-crested, shallow, 3-D ripples; and (5) flat bed. The ripple spacing is very small and varies between 4.5 and 7.5 cm. These ripples are anorbital as ripples in many field studies. Ripple orientation is only correlated with wave directions during strong storms (wave type C). In a poly-modal, multi-directional spectral wave environment, the use of the peak parameters (frequency, direction), a common practice when spectral wave measurements are unavailable, may lead to significant errors in boundary layer and sediment transport calculations. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.004","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., 2005, Observations of plan-view sand ripple behavior and spectral wave climate on the inner shelf of San Pedro Bay, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 373-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.004.","startPage":"373","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.004"},{"id":237653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a9ae4b0c8380cd74282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029126,"text":"70029126 - 2005 - An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:42:47.148256","indexId":"70029126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife","docAbstract":"Since 1940, Idaho Department of Fish and Game has developed a network of 31 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) across the state. This program has been focused mostly on conservation of game species and their habitats. We assessed the contribution of Idaho's WMAs to conservation of all Idaho's wildlife and other aspects of ecological diversity. Predicted occurrences of species' breeding habitats and other data were used to evaluate the representation of wildlife habitat and other ecological conditions. We found 33 of 39 natural land cover types were mapped as occurring in WMAs. WMAs occurred in 10 of 15 of Bailey's ecoregion sections, absent only from two sections that occupy greater than 1% of Idaho. Percent area of WMAs by elevation followed a pattern similar to percent area of Idaho; however, mean elevation for WMAs was lower than for the state and other protected areas in Idaho. We predicted breeding habitat for 98.4% of Idaho's wildlife and all federal and state listed threatened, endangered, or candidate terrestrial vertebrates to occur in at least one WMA. We predicted habitat for 39 species to occur on five or fewer WMAs, and predicted no habitat on WMAs for five species. We found that a system of WMAs established mainly to protect game species potentially conserves many other aspects of Idaho's ecological diversity, may provide habitat for more than 98% of Idaho's wildlife, and complements other protected areas in the state.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Scott, J.M., and Strand, E., 2005, An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife: Natural Areas Journal, v. 25, no. 1, p. 36-45.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912365"}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strand, Espen","contributorId":91280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"Espen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029125,"text":"70029125 - 2005 - Alunite in the Pascua-Lama high-sulfidation deposit: Constraints on alteration and ore deposition using stable isotope geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T16:08:29.260972","indexId":"70029125","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alunite in the Pascua-Lama high-sulfidation deposit: Constraints on alteration and ore deposition using stable isotope geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p>The Pascua-Lama high-sulfidation system, located in the El Indio-Pascua belt of Chile and Argentina, contains over 16 million ounces (Moz) Au and 585 Moz Ag. The deposit is hosted primarily in granite rocks of Triassic age with mineralization occurring in several discrete Miocene-age phreatomagmatic breccias and related fracture networks. The largest of these areas is Brecha Central, which is dominated by a mineralizing assemblage of alunite-pyrite-enargite and precious metals. Several stages of hydrothermal alteration related to mineralization are recognized, including all types of alunite-bearing advanced argillic assemblages (magmatic-hydrothermal, steam-heated, magmatic steam, and supergene). The occurrence of alunite throughout the paragenesis of this epithermal system is unusual and detailed radiometric, mineralogical, and stable isotope studies provide constraints on the timing and nature of alteration and mineralization of the alunite-pyrite-enargite assemblage in the deposit.</p><p>Early (preore) alteration occurred prior to ca. 9 Ma and consists of intense silicic and advanced argillic assemblages with peripheral argillic and widespread propylitic zones. Alunite of this stage occurs as fine intergrowths of alunite-quartz ± kaolinite, dickite, and pyrophyllite that selectively replaced feldspars in the host rock. Stable isotope systematics suggest a magmatic-hydrothermal origin with a dominantly magmatic fluid source. Alunite is coeval with the main stage of Au-Ag-Cu mineralization (alunite-pyrite-enargite assemblage ore), which has been dated at approximately 8.8 Ma. Ore-stage alunite has an isotopic signature similar to preore alunite, and Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>alun-py</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data indicate depositional temperatures of 245° to 305°C. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i>D and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O data exclude significant involvement of meteoric water during mineralization and indicate that the assemblage formed from H<sub>2</sub>S-dominated magmatic fluids. Thick steam-heated alteration zones are preserved at the highest elevations in the deposit and probably formed from oxidation of H<sub>2</sub>S during boiling of the magmatic ore fluids. Coarsely crystalline magmatic steam alunite (8.4 Ma) is restricted to the near-surface portion of Brecha Central. Postmineral alunite ± jarosite were previously interpreted to be supergene crosscutting veins and overgrowths, although stable isotope data suggest a mixed magmatic-meteoric origin for this late-stage alteration. Only late jarosite veinlets (8.0 Ma) associated with fine-grained pseudocubic alunite have a supergene isotopic signature.</p><p>The predominance of magmatic fluids recorded throughout the paragenesis of the Pascua system is atypical for high-sulfidation deposits, which typically involve significant meteoric water in near-surface and peripheral alteration and, in some systems, even ore deposition. At Pascua, the strong magmatic signature of both alteration and main-stage (alunite-pyrite-enargite assemblage) ore is attributed to limited availability of meteoric fluids. This is in agreement with published data for the El Indio-Pascua belt, indicating an event of uplift and subsequent pediment incision, as well as a transition from semiarid to arid climatic conditions, during the formation of the deposit in the mid to late Miocene.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/100.1.0131","usgsCitation":"Deyell, C.L., Leonardson, R., Rye, R.O., Thompson, J.F., Bissig, T., and Cooke, D.R., 2005, Alunite in the Pascua-Lama high-sulfidation deposit: Constraints on alteration and ore deposition using stable isotope geochemistry: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 1, p. 131-148, https://doi.org/10.2113/100.1.0131.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Alunite_in_the_Pascua-Lama_high-sulfidation_deposit_Constraints_on_alteration_and_ore_deposition_using_stable_isotope_geochemistry/22856243","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.0810546875,\n              -23.32208001137843\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3447265625,\n              -34.63320791137958\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.533203125,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.3359375,\n              -23.483400654325628\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.0810546875,\n              -23.32208001137843\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e99ce4b0c8380cd48393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deyell, C. L.","contributorId":66472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deyell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonardson, R.","contributorId":73002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonardson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, J. F. H.","contributorId":18519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bissig, T.","contributorId":107488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bissig","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooke, D. R.","contributorId":99764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029124,"text":"70029124 - 2005 - An alternative approach to characterize nonlinear site effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T12:10:40","indexId":"70029124","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative approach to characterize nonlinear site effects","docAbstract":"<p>This paper examines the rationale of a method of nonstationary processing and analysis, referred to as the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), for its application to a recording-based approach in quantifying influences of soil nonlinearity in site response. In particular, this paper first summarizes symptoms of soil nonlinearity shown in earthquake recordings, reviews the Fourier-based approach to characterizing nonlinearity, and offers justifications for the HHT in addressing nonlinearity issues. This study then uses the HHT method to analyze synthetic data and recordings from the 1964 Niigata and 2001 Nisqually earthquakes. In doing so, the HHT-based site response is defined as the ratio of marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, alternative to the Fourier-based response that is the ratio of Fourier amplitude spectra. With the Fourier-based approach in studies of site response as a reference, this study shows that the alternative HHT-based approach is effective in characterizing soil nonlinearity and nonlinear site response.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Berkeley","doi":"10.1193/1.1853390","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Zhang, R., Hartzell, S., Liang, J., and Hu, Y., 2005, An alternative approach to characterize nonlinear site effects: Earthquake Spectra, v. 21, no. 1, p. 243-274, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1853390.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1853390"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ebe4b0c8380cd4851b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, R.R.","contributorId":18942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liang, J.","contributorId":80069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Y.","contributorId":68474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029123,"text":"70029123 - 2005 - Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029123","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Acute (24-h) toxicity tests were used in this study to compare lethality responses in early life stages (glochidia) of six freshwater mussel species, Leptodea fragilis, U. imbecillis, Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Megalonaias nervosa, and Ligumia subrostrata, and two standard test organisms, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna. Concentrations of carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, and 2,4-D were used in acute exposures to represent different chemical classes and modes of action. The relative sensitivities of species were evaluated by ranking their LC 50 values for each chemical. We used these ranks to determine the extent to which U. imbecillis (one of the most commonly used unionids in toxicity tests) was representative of the tolerances of other mussels. We also calculated geometric mean LC50s for the families Unionidae and Daphnidae. Rankings of these data were used to assess the extent to which Daphnidae can be used as surrogates for freshwater mussels relative to chemical sensitivity. While no single chemical elicited consistently high or low toxicity estimates, carbaryl and 2,4-D were generally the least toxic to all species tested. No species was always the most sensitive, and Daphnidae were generally protective of Unionidae. Utterbackia imbecillis, while often proposed as a standard unionid mussel test species, did not always qualify as a sufficient surrogate (i.e., a substitute organism that often elicits similar sensitivity responses to the same contaminant exposure) for other species of mussels, since it was usually one of the more tolerant species in our rankings. U. imbecillis should be used as a surrogate species only with this caution on its relative insensitivity. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Milam, C., Farris, J., Dwyer, F., and Hardesty, D., 2005, Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 166-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3.","startPage":"166","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3"},{"id":237580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dee4b0c8380cd476ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milam, C.D.","contributorId":65197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milam","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, J.L.","contributorId":88849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029114,"text":"70029114 - 2005 - The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","docAbstract":"This paper is the second of a set of two papers in which we study the inverse refraction problem. The first paper, \"Types of Geophysical Nonuniqueness through Minimization,\" studies and classifies the types of nonuniqueness that exist when solving inverse problems depending on the participation of a priori information required to obtain reliable solutions of inverse geophysical problems. In view of the classification developed, in this paper we study the type of nonuniqueness associated with the inverse refraction problem. An approach for obtaining a realistic solution to the inverse refraction problem is offered in a third paper that is in preparation. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined by using a simple three-layer model. Like many other inverse geophysical problems, the inverse refraction problem does not have a unique solution. Conventionally, nonuniqueness is considered to be a result of insufficient data and/or error in the data, for any fixed number of model parameters. This study illustrates that even for overdetermined and error free data, nonlinear inverse refraction problems exhibit exact-data nonuniqueness, which further complicates the problem of nonuniqueness. By evaluating the nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem, this paper targets the improvement of refraction inversion algorithms, and as a result, the achievement of more realistic solutions. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined initially by using a simple three-layer model. The observations and conclusions of the three-layer model nonuniqueness study are used to evaluate the nonuniqueness of more complicated n-layer models and multi-parameter cell models such as in refraction tomography. For any fixed number of model parameters, the inverse refraction problem exhibits continuous ranges of exact-data nonuniqueness. Such an unfavorable type of nonuniqueness can be uniquely solved only by providing abundant a priori information. Insufficient a priori information during the inversion is the reason why refraction methods often may not produce desired results or even fail. This work also demonstrates that the application of the smoothing constraints, typical when solving ill-posed inverse problems, has a dual and contradictory role when applied to the ill-posed inverse problem of refraction travel times. This observation indicates that smoothing constraints may play such a two-fold role when applied to other inverse problems. Other factors that contribute to inverse-refraction-problem nonuniqueness are also considered, including indeterminacy, statistical data-error distribution, numerical error and instability, finite data, and model parameters. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Steeples, D., 2005, The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 162, no. 3, p. 461-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0.","startPage":"461","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0"},{"id":237430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad5fe4b08c986b323b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steeples, D.","contributorId":30422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029110,"text":"70029110 - 2005 - Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:03:02","indexId":"70029110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3077,"text":"Physiology & Behavior","printIssn":"0031-9384","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague–Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO<sub>3</sub>; 0.153 mM) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigmotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009","issn":"00319384","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J., Hunter, D., Linkous, D., Lanzirotti, A., Smith, L., Brightwell, J., and Jones, B., 2005, Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc: Physiology & Behavior, v. 83, no. 5, p. 793-803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0970e4b0c8380cd51ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, D.","contributorId":70130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linkous, D.H.","contributorId":81303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linkous","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzirotti, A.","contributorId":52772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanzirotti","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, L.N.","contributorId":20533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brightwell, J.","contributorId":20142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightwell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029106,"text":"70029106 - 2005 - Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029106","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples","docAbstract":"The greatest impediments to the widespread acceptance of back-calculated ground motion characteristics from paleoliquefaction studies typically stem from three uncertainties: (1) the significance of changes in the geotechnical properties of post-liquefied sediments (e.g., \"aging\" and density changes), (2) the selection of appropriate geotechnical soil indices from individual paleoliquefaction sites, and (3) the methodology for integration of back-calculated results of strength of shaking from individual paleoliquefaction sites into a regional assessment of paleoseismic strength of shaking. Presented herein are two case studies that illustrate the methods outlined by Olson et al. [Engineering Geology, this issue] for addressing these uncertainties. The first case study is for a site near Memphis, Tennessee, wherein cone penetration test data from side-by-side locations, one of liquefaction and the other of no liquefaction, are used to readily discern that the influence of post-liquefaction \"aging\" and density changes on the measured in situ soil indices is minimal. In the second case study, 12 sites that are at scattered locations in the Wabash Valley and that exhibit paleoliquefaction features are analyzed. The features are first provisionally attributed to the Vincennes Earthquake, which occurred around 6100 years BP, and are used to illustrate our proposed approach for selecting representative soil indices of the liquefied sediments. These indices are used in back-calculating the strength of shaking at the individual sites, the results from which are then incorporated into a regional assessment of the moment magnitude, M, of the Vincennes Earthquake. The regional assessment validated the provisional assumption that the paleoliquefaction features at the scattered sites were induced by the Vincennes Earthquake, in the main, which was determined to have M ??? 7.5. The uncertainties and assumptions used in the assessment are discussed in detail. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Green, R., Obermeier, S., and Olson, S., 2005, Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples: Engineering Geology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 263-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026.","startPage":"263","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026"},{"id":237901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0956e4b0c8380cd51e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, R.A.","contributorId":52378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, S.M.","contributorId":59225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029104,"text":"70029104 - 2005 - A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:04:38","indexId":"70029104","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate and up-to-date global land cover data sets are necessary for various global change research studies including climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem assessment, and environmental modeling. In recent years, substantial advancement has been achieved in generating such data products. Yet, we are far from producing geospatially consistent high-quality data at an operational level. We compared the recently available Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC-2000) and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) global land cover data to evaluate the similarities and differences in methodologies and results, and to identify areas of spatial agreement and disagreement. These two global land cover data sets were prepared using different data sources, classification systems, and methodologies, but using the same spatial resolution (i.e., 1 km) satellite data. Our analysis shows a general agreement at the class aggregate level except for savannas/shrublands, and wetlands. The disagreement, however, increases when comparing detailed land cover classes. Similarly, percent agreement between the two data sets was found to be highly variable among biomes. The identified areas of spatial agreement and disagreement will be useful for both data producers and users. Data producers may use the areas of spatial agreement for training area selection and pay special attention to areas of disagreement for further improvement in future land cover characterization and mapping. Users can conveniently use the findings in the areas of agreement, whereas users might need to verify the informaiton in the areas of disagreement with the help of secondary information. Learning from past experience and building on the existing infrastructure (e.g., regional networks), further research is necessary to (1) reduce ambiguity in land cover definitions, (2) increase availability of improved spatial, spectral, radiometric, and geometric resolution satellite data, and (3) develop advanced classification algorithms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.005","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Giri, S., Zhu, Z., and Reed, B., 2005, A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 94, no. 1, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.005"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34fe4b0c8380cd45f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, B.","contributorId":62352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029101,"text":"70029101 - 2005 - New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"New cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of moraine-crest boulders from southwestern Colorado are compared with published surface-exposure ages of boulders from moraine complexes in north-central Colorado and in west-central (Fremont Lake basin) Wyoming. 10Be data sets from the three areas were scaled to a single 10Be production rate of 5.4 at/g/yr at sea level and high latitude (SLHL), which represents the average 10Be production rate for two high-altitude, mid-latitude sites in the western United States (US) and Austria. Multiple nuclide ages on single boulders indicate that this 10Be production rate yields ages comparable to those calculated with a commonly used 36Cl production scheme. The average age and age range of moraine-crest boulders on terminal moraines at the southwestern Colorado and Wyoming sites are similar, indicating a retreat from their positions ???16.8 36Cl ka (Cosmogenic ages in this paper are labeled 10Be or 36Cl ka or just ka when both 10Be or 36Cl ages are being discussed; radiocarbon ages are labeled 14C ka, calibrated radiocarbon are labeled cal ka, and calendar ages are labeled calendar ka. Errors (??1??) associated with ages are shown in tables. Radiocarbon ages were calibrated using the data of Hughen et al. (Science 303 (2004) 202). This suggests a near-synchronous retreat of Pinedale glaciers across a 470-km latitudinal range in the Middle and Southern Rocky Mountains. Hypothetical corrections for snow shielding and rock-surface erosion shifts the time of retreat to between 17.2 and 17.5 10Be ka at Pinedale, Wyoming, and between 16.3 and 17.3 36Cl ka at Hogback Mountain, Colorado. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Madole, R., Landis, G., and Gosse, J., 2005, New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 24, no. 1-2, p. 49-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018.","startPage":"49","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018"},{"id":237757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6568e4b0c8380cd72baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madole, R. 0000-0002-9081-570X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":93692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landis, G.","contributorId":107235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gosse, J.","contributorId":32332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosse","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029096,"text":"70029096 - 2005 - Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029096","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), endemic to Asia, were first reported in the San Francisco Bay in 1992. They are now established in nearly all San Francisco Bay tributaries. These crabs accumulate more metals, such as mercury, than crustaceans living in the water column. Because their predators include fish, birds, mammals and humans, their mercury burdens have an exceptional potential to impact the ecosystem and public health. We sought to elucidate the potential threat of mitten crab mercury burdens in three adjacent streams in southern San Francisco Bay, one of which is known to be contaminated with mercury. Mitten crabs had hepatopancreas concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury that did not differ among streams. The maximum burden we measured was below the action level of 1 ppm recommended by the USEPA. Hepatopancreas concentrations of methylmercury declined with increasing crab size, suggesting a mechanism for mercury excretion and that predators might reduce mercury exposure if they select larger crabs. Because mercury may be heterogeneously distributed among tissues, estimation of the impacts of crab mercury burdens on the environment requires more data on the feeding preferences of predators. Hepatopancreas concentrations of mercury decline with crab size, which may have important consequences for bio-magnification in food webs. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.019","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., Rudnick, D., and Williams, E., 2005, Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 133, no. 3, p. 481-487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.019.","startPage":"481","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.019"},{"id":237686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53eae4b0c8380cd6cde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, C. A.","contributorId":79824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudnick, D.","contributorId":23710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, E.","contributorId":15560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029093,"text":"70029093 - 2005 - Evolution of melt-vapor surface tension in silicic volcanic systems: Experiments with hydrous melts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T09:58:37","indexId":"70029093","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of melt-vapor surface tension in silicic volcanic systems: Experiments with hydrous melts","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>We evaluate the melt‐vapor surface tension (σ) of natural, water‐saturated dacite melt at 200 MPa, 950–1055°C, and 4.8–5.7 wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. We experimentally determine the critical supersaturation pressure for bubble nucleation as a function of dissolved water and then solve for σ at those conditions using classical nucleation theory. The solutions obtained give dacite melt‐vapor surface tensions that vary inversely with dissolved water from 0.042 (±0.003) J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;at 5.7 wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O to 0.060 (±0.007) J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;at 5.2 wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O to 0.073 (±0.003) J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;at 4.8 wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. Combining our dacite results with data from published hydrous haplogranite and high‐silica rhyolite experiments reveals that melt‐vapor surface tension also varies inversely with the concentration of mafic melt components (e.g., CaO, FeO</span><sub>total</sub><span>, MgO). We develop a thermodynamic context for these observations in which melt‐vapor surface tension is represented by a balance of work terms controlled by melt structure. Overall, our results suggest that cooling, crystallization, and vapor exsolution cause systematic changes in σ that should be considered in dynamic modeling of magmatic processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003215","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., and Sisson, T., 2005, Evolution of melt-vapor surface tension in silicic volcanic systems: Experiments with hydrous melts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003215.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477827,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003215"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d84e4b0c8380cd53075","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T.","contributorId":80846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029092,"text":"70029092 - 2005 - Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:52:38","indexId":"70029092","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine groundwater discharge was quantified by a variety of methods for a 4-day period during the early summer of 2004, in Salt Pond, adjacent to Nauset Marsh, on Cape Cod, USA. Discharge estimates based on radon and salinity took advantage of the presence of the narrow channel connecting Salt Pond to Nauset Marsh, which allowed constructing whole-pond mass balances as water flowed in and out due to tidal fluctuations. The data suggest that less than one quarter of the discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond happened within the pond itself, while three quarters or more of the discharge occurred immediately seaward of the pond, either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Much of this discharge, which maintains high radon activities and low salinity, is carried into the pond during each incoming tide. A box model was used as an aid to understand both the rates and the locations of discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond. The model achieves a reasonable fit to both the salinity and radon data assuming submarine groundwater discharge is fresh and that most of it occurs either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Salinity and radon data, together with seepage meter results, do not rule out discharge of saline groundwater, but suggest either that the saline discharge is at most comparable in volume to the fresh discharge or that it is depleted in radon. The estimated rate of fresh groundwater discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond is 3000-7000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. This groundwater flux estimated from the radon and salinity data is comparable to a value of 3200-4500 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;predicted by a recent hydrologic model (Masterson, 2004; Colman and Masterson, 2004), although the model predicts this rate of discharge to the pond whereas our data suggest most of the groundwater bypasses the pond prior to discharge. Additional work is needed to determine if the measured rate of discharge is representative of the long-term average, and to better constrain the rate of groundwater discharge seaward of Salt Pond.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/bg-2-141-2005","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Koopmans, D., Bratton, J.F., Charette, M., Kroeger, K., Henderson, P., Ryckman, L., Halloran, K., and Colman, J.A., 2005, Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 2, no. 1, p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-141-2005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-141-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d28e4b08c986b31d693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koopmans, D.","contributorId":33914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charette, M.A.","contributorId":62014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henderson, P.","contributorId":83735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryckman, L.","contributorId":100184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryckman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Halloran, K.","contributorId":59616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halloran","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70029089,"text":"70029089 - 2005 - Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029089","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences","docAbstract":"Recordings from strong-motion accelerographs are of fundamental importance in earthquake engineering, forming the basis for all characterizations of ground shaking employed for seismic design. The recordings, particularly those from analog instruments, invariably contain noise that can mask and distort the ground-motion signal at both high and low frequencies. For any application of recorded accelerograms in engineering seismology or earthquake engineering, it is important to identify the presence of this noise in the digitized time-history and its influence on the parameters that are to be derived from the records. If the parameters of interest are affected by noise then appropriate processing needs to be applied to the records, although it must be accepted from the outset that it is generally not possible to recover the actual ground motion over a wide range of frequencies. There are many schemes available for processing strong-motion data and it is important to be aware of the merits and pitfalls associated with each option. Equally important is to appreciate the effects of the procedures on the records in order to avoid errors in the interpretation and use of the results. Options for processing strong-motion accelerograms are presented, discussed and evaluated from the perspective of engineering application. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Bommer, J., 2005, Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 25, no. 2, p. 93-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007.","startPage":"93","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007"},{"id":237579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dc2e4b0c8380cd7edee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bommer, J.J.","contributorId":34316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bommer","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029082,"text":"70029082 - 2005 - Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029082","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Waterfowl often have been assumed to disperse freshwater aquatic organisms between isolated wetlands, but no one has analyzed the impact of this transport on the population structure of aquatic organisms. For three cladocerans (Daphnia ambigua, Daphnia laevis, and Sida crystallina) and one bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo), we estimated the genetic distances between populations across North America using sequences of several mitochondrial DNA genes and genotypic frequencies at allozyme and microsatellite loci. Waterfowl movements across North America (estimated from band recovery data) explained a significant proportion of the gene flow occurring between populations across the continent for three of the four species, even after controlling for geographic distances between localities. The fourth species, S. crystallina, has propagules less likely to survive desiccation or ingestion by birds. Differences in the capacity to exploit bird-mediated transport are likely to have important consequences for the ecology of aquatic communities and the spread of invasive species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/427092","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Figuerola, J., Green, A., and Michot, T., 2005, Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates: American Naturalist, v. 165, no. 2, p. 274-280, https://doi.org/10.1086/427092.","startPage":"274","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477798,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/40921","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/427092"},{"id":237462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e5ee4b0c8380cd63d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Figuerola, J.","contributorId":65277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figuerola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, A.J.","contributorId":51529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029081,"text":"70029081 - 2005 - The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029081","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Musky Bay in Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, USA, is currently eutrophic. This large, shallow bay of an oligotrophic lake possesses the densest aquatic plant growth and a floating algal mat. Paleoecological reconstructions encompassing the last 130 years, were based on multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from three coring sites, two within the bay and one in the lake itself. These data were compared to historical records of the construction and expansion of two commercial cranberry bogs and shoreline residential homes to identify temporal and causal relations of eutrophication. The proxies investigated included: minor and trace elements; biogenic silica; and the diatom community. Post-depositional diagenesis of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the upper 30 cm of the core obscured records of historical ambient nutrient concentrations in the bay obviating their usefulness for this purpose. In contrast, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentration profiles appeared to reflect runoff of soil amendments applied to the cranberry bogs and aerial fertilizer spraying over the eastern bog adjacent to Musky Bay. The increase in aluminum content since about 1930 coincided with the historical trend in shoreland development and construction of the original commercial cranberry farm. The biogenic silica profile recorded a steady increase of nutrients to Musky Bay over the last several decades. Stratigraphic changes in the diatom community indicated that nutrient input began to increase in the 1940s and accelerated in the mid-1990s with the onset of a noxious floating algal mat. The diatom community indicates the bay has possessed a significant macrophyte community for at least the last 200 years, but increased nutrient input was manifested by a change in the composition, and an increase in the density of the epiphytic diatom community. Cranberry farming appeared to be the major source of nutrients because the diatom community changes occurred prior to the significant increase in residential housing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Garrison, P., and Fitzgerald, S., 2005, The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 169-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4.","startPage":"169","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4"},{"id":237429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf97e4b08c986b3248e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, P.J.","contributorId":86072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.A.","contributorId":94348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029067,"text":"70029067 - 2005 - Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029067","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","docAbstract":"This study investigated the role of fire-killed woody debris as a source of soil carbon in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in Manitoba, Canada. We measured the amount of standing dead and downed woody debris along an upland chronosequence, including wood partially and completely covered by moss growth. Such woody debris is rarely included in measurement protocols and composed up to 26% of the total amount of woody debris in older stands, suggesting that it is important to measure all types of woody debris in ecosystems where burial by organic matter is possible. Based on these data and existing net primary production (NPP) values, we used a mass-balance model to assess the potential impact of fire-killed wood on long-term carbon storage at this site. The amount of carbon stored in deeper soil organic layers, which persists over millennia, was used to represent this long-term carbon. We estimate that between 10% and 60% of the deep-soil carbon is derived from wood biomass. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this estimate is most affected by the fire return interval, decay rate of wood, amount of NPP, and decay rate of the char (postfire) carbon pool. Landscape variations in these terms could account for large differences in deep-soil carbon. The model was less sensitive to fire consumption rates and to rates at which standing dead becomes woody debris. All model runs, however, suggest that woody debris plays an important role in long-term carbon storage for this area. ?? 2005 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x04-179","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Manies, K., Harden, J., Bond-Lamberty, B., and O’Neill, K.P., 2005, Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-482, https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-179.","startPage":"472","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-179"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1b1e4b08c986b32f556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond-Lamberty, B. P.","contributorId":82917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond-Lamberty","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, K. P.","contributorId":104935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029066,"text":"70029066 - 2005 - Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:31:32","indexId":"70029066","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences","docAbstract":"<p><span>Big Rock Candy Mountain is a prominent center of variegated altered volcanic rocks in west-central Utah. It consists of the eroded remnants of a hypogene alunite deposit that, at ∼21 Ma, replaced intermediate-composition lava flows. The alunite formed in steam-heated conditions above the upwelling limb of a convection cell that was one of at least six spaced at 3- to 4-km intervals around the margin of a monzonite stock. Big Rock Candy Mountain is horizontally zoned outward from an alunite core to respective kaolinite, dickite, and propylite envelopes. The altered rocks are also vertically zoned from a lower pyrite–propylite assemblage upward through assemblages successively dominated by hypogene alunite, jarosite, and hematite, to a flooded silica cap. This hydrothermal assemblage is undergoing natural destruction in a steep canyon downcut by the Sevier River in Marysvale Canyon. Integrated geological, mineralogical, spectroscopic remote sensing using AVIRIS data, Ar radiometric, and stable isotopic studies trace the hypogene origin and supergene destruction of the deposit and permit distinction of primary (hydrothermal) and secondary (weathering) processes. This destruction has led to the formation of widespread supergene gypsum in cross-cutting fractures and as surficial crusts, and to natrojarosite, that gives the mountain its buff coloration along ridges facing the canyon. A small spring, Lemonade Spring, with a pH of 2.6 and containing Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cl, and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, also occurs near the bottom of the canyon. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age (21.32±0.07 Ma) of the alunite is similar to that for other replacement alunites at Marysvale. However, the age spectrum contains evidence of a 6.6-Ma thermal event that can be related to the tectonic activity responsible for the uplift that led to the downcutting of Big Rock Candy Mountain by the Sevier River. This ∼6.6 Ma event also is present in the age spectrum of supergene natrojarosite forming today, and probably dates the beginning of supergene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S value (11.9‰) of alunite is similar to those for replacement alunite from other deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S values of natrojarosite (0.7‰ to −1.2‰) are similar to those for aqueous sulfate in Lemonade Spring, but are larger than those in pyrite (0.4‰ to −4.7‰). The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO<sub>4</sub></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values of gypsum show an excellent correlation, with values ranging from 15.2‰ to −5.2‰ and 7‰ to −8.2‰, respectively. The stable-isotope data indicate that the aqueous sulfate for gypsum is a mixture derived from the dissolution of hypogene gypsum and alunite, and from the supergene oxidation of pyrite. The aqueous sulfate for the natrojarosite, however, is derived largely from the supergene oxidation of pyrite, with a minor contribution from the dissolution of alunite and gypsum. The exceptional detailed spectral mapping capabilities of AVIRIS led to the recognition of a small amount of jarosite that is probably the top of the steam-heated system that produced the primary hypogene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.055","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Rye, R.O., Rockwell, B.W., Kunk, M.J., and Councell, T.B., 2005, Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4, p. 317-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.055.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Big Rock Candy Mountain","volume":"215","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f57e4b08c986b31e4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Councell, Terry B.","contributorId":32301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029065,"text":"70029065 - 2005 - Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029065","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain (SRP) developed over the last 16 Ma as a bimodal volcanic province in response to the southwest movement of the North American plate over a fixed melting anomaly. Volcanism along the SRP is dominated by eruptions of explosive high-silica rhyolites and represents some of the largest eruptions known. Basaltic eruptions represent the final stages of volcanism, forming a thin cap above voluminous rhyolitic deposits. Volcanism progressed, generally from west to east, along the plain episodically in successive volcanic fields comprised of nested caldera complexes with major caldera-forming eruptions within a particular field separated by ca. 0.5-1 Ma, similar to, and in continuation with, the present-day Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Passage of the North American plate over the melting anomaly at a particular point in time and space was accompanied by uplift, regional tectonism, massive explosive eruptions, and caldera subsidence, and followed by basaltic volcanism and general subsidence. The Heise volcan ic field in the eastern SRP, Idaho, represents an adjacent and slightly older field immediately to the southwest of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Five large-volume (>0.5 km3) rhyolitic ignimbrites constitute a time-stratigraphic framework of late Miocene to early Pliocene volcanism for the study region. Field relations and high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age determinations establish that four of these regional ignimbrites were erupted from the Heise volcanic field and form the framework of the Heise Group. These are the Blacktail Creek Tuff (6.62 ?? 0.03 Ma), Walcott Tuff (6.27 ?? 0.04 Ma), Conant Creek Tuff (5.51 ?? 0.13 Ma), and Kilgore Tuff (4.45 ?? 0.05 Ma; all errors reported at ?? 2??). The fifth widespread ignimbrite in the regions is the Arbon Valley Tuff Member of the Starlight Formation (10.21 ?? 0.03 Ma), which erupted from a caldera source outside of the Heise volcanic field. These results establish the Conant Creek Tuff as a distinct and widespread ignimbrite in the Heise volcanic field, eliminating former confusion resulting from previous discordant K/Ar and fission-track dates. New 40Ar/39Ar determinations, when combined wi th geochemical, lithologic geophysical, and field data, define the volcanic and tectonic history of the Heise volcanic field and surrounding areas. Volcanic units erupted from the Heise volcanic field also provide temporal control for tectonic events associated with late Cenozoic extension in the Snake Range and with uplift of the Teton Range, Wyoming. In the Snake Range, movement of large (???0.10 km3) slide blocks of Mississippian limestone exposed 50 km to the east of the Heise field occurred between 6.3 and 5.5 Ma and may have been catastrophically triggered by the caldera eruption of the 5.51 ?? 0.13-Ma Conant Creek Tuff. This slide block movement of ???300 vertical meters indicates that the Snake Range had significant relief by at least 5.5 Ma. In Jackson Hole, the distribution of outflow facies of the 4.45 ?? 0.05-Ma Kilgore caldera in the Heise volcanic field on the eastern SRP indicates that the northern Teton Range was not a significant topographic feature at this time. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25519.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.A., and McIntosh, W.C., 2005, Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 3-4, p. 288-306, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25519.1.","startPage":"288","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25519.1"},{"id":237755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e4e4b08c986b32604e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, L. A.","contributorId":16350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029056,"text":"70029056 - 2005 - Habitat use, movements and home range of wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T14:08:22.918733","indexId":"70029056","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use, movements and home range of wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radio telemetry and diurnal time activity budgets were used to show that wintering Lesser Scaup (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Aythya affinis</span></i><span>) used different habitats for comfort and feeding activities at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (Merritt Island), Florida and adjacent estuarine areas. Management should take this spatial consideration into account. The same data were used to determine if habitat use differed between sexes. Data on movements and home range were used to evaluate habitat quality and potential effects of human disturbance. Scaup foraged more in impounded wetlands and rested more in open estuarine regions. Mean distance between diurnal and nocturnal sites was 2.7 km (SE ± 0.3), and was similar between sexes and from mid to late winter. Male and female fixed kernel home ranges and core use areas did not differ. Mean fixed kernel 95% home range and 50% core use areas were 15.1 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(SE ± 2.0) and 2.7 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(SE ± 0.5) respectively, representing 3% and 0.5% of surveyed habitats. Males and females used habitats similarly and short distances traveled between diurnal and nocturnal sites suggested that habitat conditions were similar across the impounded wetlands and shallow portions of both the Indian River and Banana River. Sedentary or short movements suggested that disturbance was probably negligible at the principal areas used by Lesser Scaup. Habitat management strategies for scaup should not be restricted to Merritt Island. Adjustments should be made to take into account that maintenance activities occur in adjacent estuarine areas as well.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0071:HUMAHR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., and Collazo, J., 2005, Habitat use, movements and home range of wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida: Waterbirds, v. 28, no. 1, p. 71-78, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0071:HUMAHR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.760498046875,\n              28.288661197831768\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.47210693359375,\n              28.31284405928202\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.53390502929688,\n              28.560400880492832\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76736450195312,\n              28.862715733983915\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.84976196289062,\n              28.841064894531943\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.87997436523438,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.760498046875,\n              28.288661197831768\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f49e4b0c8380cd5cc54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029049,"text":"70029049 - 2005 - Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:20:21","indexId":"70029049","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (τ</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span>) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel‐bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank‐full discharge (1–2600 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), average channel gradient (0.0003–0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027–0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was formed for each site by plotting individual values of the dimensionless transport rate<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>W</i><span>* versus the reach‐average dimensionless shear stress τ*. The reference dimensionless shear stress τ*</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was then estimated by selecting the value of τ* corresponding to a reference transport rate of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>W</i><span>* = 0.002. The results indicate that the discharge corresponding to τ*</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>averages 67% of the bank‐full discharge, with the variation independent of reach‐scale morphologic and sediment properties. However, values of τ*</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>increase systematically with average channel gradient, ranging from 0.025–0.035 at sites with slopes of 0.001–0.006 to values greater than 0.10 at sites with slopes greater than 0.02. A corresponding relation for the bank‐full dimensionless shear stress τ*</span><sub><i>bf</i></sub><span>, formulated with data from 159 sites in North America and England, mirrors the relation between τ*</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and channel gradient, suggesting that the bank‐full channel geometry of gravel‐ and cobble‐bedded streams is adjusted to a relatively constant excess shear stress, τ*</span><sub><i>bf</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>− τ*</span><sub><i>r</i></sub><span>, across a wide range of slopes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003692","usgsCitation":"Mueller, E.R., Pitlick, J., and Nelson, J.M., 2005, Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 4, Article W04006; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003692.","productDescription":"Article W04006; 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc169e4b08c986b32a56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X emueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":4930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich","email":"emueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029045,"text":"70029045 - 2005 - Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: Geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70029045","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: Geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia","docAbstract":"This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess mercury (Hg) contamination in the North Fork Holston River that extirpated (caused local extinctions of) a diverse mussel fauna. Shells (n = 366) were collected from five sites situated upstream (two sites), just below (one site), and downstream (two sites) of the town of Saltville, Virginia, where Hg was used to produce chlorine and caustic soda from 1950 to 1972. Shell samples were used to test the (1) utility of geochemical signatures of shells for assessing the spatial variation in Hg levels in the river relative to the contamination source and (2) value of taphonomy (postmortem shell alteration) for distinguishing sites that differ in extirpation histories. Geochemical signatures of 40 shells, analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, indicated a strong longitudinal pattern. All shells from the two upstream sites had low Hg concentrations (<5-31 ??g/kg), shells directly below Saltville had variable, but dramatically higher concentrations (23-4637 ??g/kg), and shells from the two downstream sites displayed intermediate Hg levels (<5-115 ??g/kg) that declined with distance from Saltville. Two pre-industrial shells, collected at Saltville in 1917, yielded very low Hg estimates (5-6 ??g/kg). Hg signatures were consistent among mussel species, suggesting that Hg concentrations were invariant to species type; most likely, highly variable Hg levels, both across sites and through time, overwhelmed any interspecific differences in Hg acquisition. Also, a notable postmortem incorporation of Hg in mussel shells seemed unlikely, as the Hg content was not correlated with shell taphonomy (r = 0.18; p = 0.28). The taphonomic analysis (n = 366) showed that the degree of shell alteration reliably distinguished sites with different extirpation histories. At Saltville, where live mussels have been absent for at least 30 years, shells were most heavily altered and fragmented. Conversely, fresh-looking shells abounded upstream, where reproducing mussel populations are still present. In summary, relic shells offered valuable spatiotemporal data on Hg concentrations in a polluted ecosystem, and shell taphonomic signatures discriminated sites with different extirpation histories. The shell-based strategies exemplified here do not require sampling live specimens and may augment more standard strategies applied to environmental monitoring. The approach should prove especially useful in areas with unknown extirpation and pollution histories. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es048573p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Brown, M., Kowalewski, M., Neves, R.J., Cherry, D., and Schreiber, M., 2005, Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: Geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1455-1462, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048573p.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1462","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477949,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170315-095527247","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048573p"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13e2e4b0c8380cd54800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, M.E.","contributorId":99680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalewski, M.","contributorId":8659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalewski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreiber, M.E.","contributorId":35920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029039,"text":"70029039 - 2005 - Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:48:35","indexId":"70029039","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time, are becoming more accessible. This article compares a class of kinematic models based on the summation of a fractal distribution of subevent sizes with a dynamic model based on the slip-weakening friction law. Kinematic modeling is done for the frequency band 0.2 to 10.0. Hz, dynamic models are calculated from 0.2 to 2.0. Hz. The strong motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake is used to evaluate and compare the synthetic time histories. Source models are propagated to the far field by convolution with 1D and 3D theoretical Green&rsquo;s functions. In addition, the kinematic model is used to evaluate the importance of propagation path effects: velocity structure, scattering, and nonlinearity. At present, the kinematic model gives a better broadband fit to the Northridge ground motion than the simple slip-weakening dynamic model. In general, the dynamic model overpredicts rise times and produces insufficient shorter-period energy. Within the context of the slip-weakening model, the Northridge ground motion requires a short slip-weakening distance, on the order of 0.15 m or less. A more complex dynamic model including rate weakening or one that allows shorter rise times near the hypocenter may fit the data better.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120040136","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Guatteri, M., Mai, P., Liu, P., and Fisk, M.R., 2005, Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 614-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040136.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040136"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f301e4b0c8380cd4b53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisk, M. R.","contributorId":17031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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