We report the first confirmed Myotis sodalis (Indiana Bat) maternity colony in Virginia, discovered at Fort A.P. Hill Military Reservation in Caroline County along the Piedmont-Coastal Plain Fall Line. Acoustic surveys conducted in 2014 indicated likely presence of Indiana Bats on the installation. Subsequent focal mist-netting during May–June 2015 resulted in capture of 4 lactating females that we subsequently radio tracked to a maternity colony site containing at least 20 individuals. The core roosting-area was comprised of Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) snags with abundant exfoliating bark and high solar exposure. This forest patch was adjacent to a large emergentshrub wetland and within a larger matrix of mature, mid-Atlantic hardwood forests. The site where we found the colony location is 140 km east of the nearest known hibernaculum and is outside of the previously documented extent of this species' occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.024.0110","usgsCitation":"St. Germain, M.J., Kniowski, A.B., Silvis, A., and Ford, W.M., 2017, Who knew? First Myotis sodalis (Indiana Bat) maternity colony in the coastal plain of Virginia: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 24, no. 1, p. N5-N10, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.024.0110.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"N5","endPage":"N10","ipdsId":"IP-076231","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a003150e4b0531197b5a74a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"St. Germain, Michael J.","contributorId":25959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Germain","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kniowski, Andrew B.","contributorId":191558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniowski","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192856,"text":"70192856 - 2017 - LANDFIRE 2015 Remap – Utilization of Remotely Sensed Data to Classify Existing Vegetation Type and Structure to Support Strategic Planning and Tactical Response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T15:08:59","indexId":"70192856","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1440,"text":"Earthzine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LANDFIRE 2015 Remap – Utilization of Remotely Sensed Data to Classify Existing Vegetation Type and Structure to Support Strategic Planning and Tactical Response","docAbstract":"The LANDFIRE Program produces national scale vegetation, fuels, fire regimes, and landscape disturbance data for the entire U.S. These data products have been used to model the potential impacts of fire on the landscape [1], the wildfire risks associated with land and resource management [2, 3], and those near population centers and accompanying Wildland Urban Interface zones [4], as well as many other applications. The initial LANDFIRE National Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) and vegetation structure layers, including vegetation percent cover and height, were mapped circa 2001 and released in 2009 [5]. Each EVT is representative of the dominant plant community within a given area. The EVT layer has since been updated by identifying areas of landscape change and modifying the vegetation types utilizing a series of rules that consider the disturbance type, severity of disturbance, and time since disturbance [6, 7]. Non-disturbed areas were adjusted for vegetation growth and succession. LANDFIRE vegetation structure layers also have been updated by using data modeling techniques [see 6 for a full description]. The subsequent updated versions of LANDFIRE include LANDFIRE 2008, 2010, 2012, and LANDFIRE 2014 is being incrementally released, with all data being released in early 2017. Additionally, a comprehensive remap of the baseline data, LANDFIRE 2015 Remap, is being prototyped, and production is tentatively planned to begin in early 2017 to provide a more current baseline for future updates.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","usgsCitation":"Picotte, J.J., Long, J., Peterson, B., and Nelson, K., 2017, LANDFIRE 2015 Remap – Utilization of Remotely Sensed Data to Classify Existing Vegetation Type and Structure to Support Strategic Planning and Tactical Response: Earthzine, v. March 2017, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-078297","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347605,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://earthzine.org/2017/03/20/landfire-2015-remap-utilization-of-remotely-sensed-data-to-classify-existing-vegetation-type-and-structure-to-support-strategic-planning-and-tactical-response/"}],"volume":"March 2017","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a38e4b063d5d30980ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Jordan 0000-0002-4814-464X jlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-464X","contributorId":3609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jordan","email":"jlong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":192353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184186,"text":"70184186 - 2017 - Mercury exposure may influence fluctuating asymmetry in waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:04:33","indexId":"70184186","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury exposure may influence fluctuating asymmetry in waterbirds","docAbstract":"Variation in avian bilateral symmetry can be an indicator of developmental instability in response to a variety of stressors, including environmental contaminants. The authors used composite measures of fluctuating asymmetry to examine the influence of mercury concentrations in 2 tissues on fluctuating asymmetry within 4 waterbird species. Fluctuating asymmetry increased with mercury concentrations in whole blood and breast feathers of Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri), a species with elevated mercury concentrations. Specifically, fluctuating asymmetry in rectrix feather 1 was the most strongly correlated structural variable of those tested (wing chord, tarsus, primary feather 10, rectrix feather 6) with mercury concentrations in Forster's terns. However, for American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), the authors found no relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and either whole-blood or breast feather mercury concentrations, even though these species had moderate to elevated mercury exposure. The results indicate that mercury contamination may act as an environmental stressor during development and feather growth and contribute to fluctuating asymmetry of some species of highly contaminated waterbirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3688","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Ackerman, J., 2017, Mercury exposure may influence fluctuating asymmetry in waterbirds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1599-1605, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3688.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1599","endPage":"1605","ipdsId":"IP-067136","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5D5Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fluctuating asymmetry in waterbirds in relation to mercury exposure"},{"id":336770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eb9ee4b01ccd5500bacd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190562,"text":"70190562 - 2017 - Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) mortality and recovery rates vary by wing molt status at time of banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:30:00","indexId":"70190562","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) mortality and recovery rates vary by wing molt status at time of banding","title":"Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) mortality and recovery rates vary by wing molt status at time of banding","docAbstract":"Recovery (i.e., shot, retrieved, and reported) rates and daily mortality risk of 52,330 adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) leg-banded during pre-molt, in-molt, or post-molt during 1985–2011 were evaluated to better understand mortality during wing molt in dynamics of the Mallard population in California, USA. Recovery rates and non-hunting mortality risk varied by molt status at time of banding and California region where banded. Mallards banded during post-molt were 1.22 (95% credible interval = 1.10–1.32) times more likely to be recovered than Mallards banded pre-molt; recovery probability was similar for pre-molt and in-molt Mallards. Mallards banded post-molt had 0.43 (0.17–0.98) and in-molt 0.87 (0.51–1.49) times the daily risk of non-hunting mortality as Mallards banded pre-molt. Mallards were 0.92 (0.86–0.98) times as likely to be recovered, and daily risk of non-hunting mortality was 2.93 (1.79–4.94) times greater, if banded in Northeastern California than in California's Central Valley. Results indicate that high mortality during the molt period, especially in Northeastern California where most Mallards that breed in California molt, might be negatively affecting recovery (and potentially annual survival) of Mallards in California. Thus, conservation programs that reduce mortality during molt could help attain the desired population size for Mallards nesting in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.040.0105","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J., Halstead, B., Kohl, J.D., and Yarris, G., 2017, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) mortality and recovery rates vary by wing molt status at time of banding: Waterbirds, v. 40, no. 1, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0105.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-073692","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b00e4b020cdf7db1fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","contributorId":138999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph P.","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohl, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":79773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yarris, Gregory S.","contributorId":115361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192844,"text":"70192844 - 2017 - Assessment of contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 in wild birds sampled in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T16:56:42","indexId":"70192844","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3697,"text":"Virology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 in wild birds sampled in North America","docAbstract":"Background
Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses are globally distributed, infect wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds, and sometimes lead to outbreaks of disease. Thus, the maintenance, evolution, and spread of APMV-1 viruses are relevant to avian health.
Methods
In this study we sequenced the fusion gene from 58 APMV-1 isolates recovered from thirteen species of wild birds sampled throughout the USA during 2007–2014. We analyzed sequence information with previously reported data in order to assess contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of APMV-1 in wild birds sampled in North America.
Results
Our results suggest that wild birds maintain previously undescribed genetic diversity of APMV-1; however, such diversity is unlikely to be pathogenic to domestic poultry. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that APMV-1 diversity detected in wild birds of North America has been found in birds belonging to numerous taxonomic host orders and within hosts inhabiting multiple geographic regions suggesting some level of viral exchange. However, our results also provide statistical support for associations between phylogenetic tree topology and host taxonomic order/region of sample origin which supports restricted exchange among taxa and geographical regions of North America for some APMV-1 sub-genotypes.
Conclusions
We identify previously unrecognized genetic diversity of APMV-1 in wild birds in North America which is likely a function of continued viral evolution in reservoir hosts. We did not, however, find support for the emergence or maintenance of APMV-1 strains predicted to be pathogenic to poultry in wild birds of North America outside of the order Suliformes (i.e., cormorants). Furthermore, genetic evidence suggests that ecological drivers or other mechanisms may restrict viral exchange among taxa and regions of North America. Additional and more systematic sampling for APMV-1 in North America would likely provide further inference on viral dynamics for this infectious agent in wild bird populations.
A common assumption with groundwater sampling is that low (<0.5 L/min) pumping rates during well purging and sampling captures primarily lateral flow from the formation through the well-screened interval at a depth coincident with the pump intake. However, if the intake is adjacent to a low hydraulic conductivity part of the screened formation, this scenario will induce vertical groundwater flow to the pump intake from parts of the screened interval with high hydraulic conductivity. Because less formation water will initially be captured during pumping, a substantial volume of water already in the well (preexisting screen water or screen storage) will be captured during this initial time until inflow from the high hydraulic conductivity part of the screened formation can travel vertically in the well to the pump intake. Therefore, the length of the time needed for adequate purging prior to sample collection (called optimal purge duration) is controlled by the in-well, vertical travel times. A preliminary, simple analytical model was used to provide information on the relation between purge duration and capture of formation water for different gross levels of heterogeneity (contrast between low and high hydraulic conductivity layers). The model was then used to compare these time–volume relations to purge data (pumping rates and drawdown) collected at several representative monitoring wells from multiple sites. Results showed that computation of time-dependent capture of formation water (as opposed to capture of preexisting screen water), which were based on vertical travel times in the well, compares favorably with the time required to achieve field parameter stabilization. If field parameter stabilization is an indicator of arrival time of formation water, which has been postulated, then in-well, vertical flow may be an important factor at wells where low-flow sampling is the sample method of choice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-017-6561-5","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., 2017, In-well time-of-travel approach to evaluate optimal purge duration during low-flow sampling of monitoring wells: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 76, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6561-5.","productDescription":"Article 251; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-071519","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7ce4b00f54eb229355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182910,"text":"sir20175008 - 2017 - Characterization of the quality of water, bed sediment, and fish in Mittry Lake, Arizona, 2014–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T15:16:02","indexId":"sir20175008","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5008","title":"Characterization of the quality of water, bed sediment, and fish in Mittry Lake, Arizona, 2014–15","docAbstract":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
Alpine plant communities vary, and their environmental covariates could influence their response to climate change. A single multilevel model of how alpine plant community composition is determined by hierarchical relations is compared to a separate examination of those relations at different scales. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of species cover for plots in four regions across the Rocky Mountains created dependent variables. Climate variables are derived for the four regions from interpolated data. Plot environmental variables are measured directly and the presence of thirty-seven site characteristics is recorded and used to create additional independent variables. Multilevel and best subsets regressions are used to determine the strength of the hypothesized relations. The ordinations indicate structure in the assembly of plant communities. The multilevel analyses, although revealing significant relations, provide little explanation; of the site variables, those related to site microclimate are most important. In multiscale analyses (whole and separate regions), different variables are better explanations within the different regions. This result indicates weak environmental niche control of community composition. The weak relations of the structure in the patterns of species association to the environment indicates that either alpine vegetation represents a case of the neutral theory of biogeography being a valid explanation or that it represents disequilibrium conditions. The implications of neutral theory and disequilibrium explanations are similar: Response to climate change will be difficult to quantify above equilibrium background turnover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2016.1218267","usgsCitation":"Malanson, G.P., Zimmerman, D.L., Kinney, M., and Fagre, D.B., 2017, Relations of alpine plant communities across environmental gradients: Multilevel versus multiscale analyses: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 107, no. 1, p. 41-53, https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1218267.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-071596","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90123e4b0849ce97abcba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malanson, George P.","contributorId":189162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Dale L.","contributorId":166811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinney, Mitch","contributorId":189163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinney","given":"Mitch","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193033,"text":"70193033 - 2017 - Top-down control of invertebrates by Ninespine Stickleback in Arctic ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:06:56","indexId":"70193033","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Top-down control of invertebrates by Ninespine Stickleback in Arctic ponds","docAbstract":"Despite their widespread presence in northern-latitude ecosystems, the ecological role of Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius is not well understood. Ninespine Stickleback can occupy both top and intermediate trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems, so their role in food webs as a predator on invertebrates and as a forage fish for upper level consumers probably is substantial. We introduced Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds to elucidate their potential effects as a predator on invertebrate communities in Arctic lentic freshwaters. We hypothesized that Ninespine Stickleback would affect freshwater invertebrate communities in a top-down manner. We predicted that the addition of Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds would: 1) reduce invertebrate taxonomic richness, 2) decrease overall invertebrate abundance, 3) reduce invertebrate biomass, and 4) decrease average invertebrate body size. We tested our hypothesis at 2 locations by adding Ninespine Stickleback to isolated ponds and compared invertebrate communities over time between fish-addition and fishless control ponds. Ninespine Sticklebacks exerted strong top-down pressure on invertebrate communities mainly by changing invertebrate taxonomic richness and biomass and, to a lesser extent, abundance and average invertebrate size. Our results supported the hypothesis that Ninespine Stickleback may help shape lentic food webs in the Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/690675","usgsCitation":"Laske, S.M., Rosenberger, A.E., Kane, W.J., Wipfli, M.S., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2017, Top-down control of invertebrates by Ninespine Stickleback in Arctic ponds: Freshwater Science, v. 36, no. 1, p. 124-137, https://doi.org/10.1086/690675.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"137","ipdsId":"IP-076980","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.7471923828125,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -157.7471923828125,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -157.7471923828125,\n 70.12542991464234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e929e4b09af898c8cc03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laske, Sarah M. 0000-0002-6096-0420 slaske@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0420","contributorId":204872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laske","given":"Sarah","email":"slaske@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kane, William J.","contributorId":200058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191921,"text":"70191921 - 2017 - San Francisco Bay living shorelines: Restoring Eelgrass and Olympia Oysters for habitat and shore protection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T13:20:58.481643","indexId":"70191921","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","title":"San Francisco Bay living shorelines: Restoring Eelgrass and Olympia Oysters for habitat and shore protection","docAbstract":"Living shorelines projects utilize a suite of sediment stabilization and habitat restoration techniques to maintain or build the shoreline, while creating habitat for a variety of species, including invertebrates, fish, and birds (see National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2015 for an overview). The term “living shorelines” denotes provision of living space and support for estuarine and coastal organisms through the strategic placement of native vegetation and natural materials. This green coastal infrastructure can serve as an alternative to bulkheads and other engineering solutions that provide little to no habitat in comparison (Arkema et al. 2013; Gittman et al. 2014; Scyphers et al. 2011). In the United States, the living shorelines approach has been implemented primarily on the East and Gulf Coasts, where it has been shown to enhance habitat values and increase connectivity between wetlands, mudflats, and subtidal lands, while reducing shoreline erosion during storms and even hurricanes (Currin et al. 2015; Gittman et al. 2014, 2015).
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and can provide insight on the rupture history of a fault if earthquakes dated at neighboring sites overlap in age and are considered correlative. This study presents the evidence and ages for 11 earthquakes that occurred along the Big Bend section of the southern San Andreas Fault at the Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site. The most recent earthquake to rupture the site was the Mw7.7–7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. We use over 30 trench excavations to document the structural and sedimentological evolution of a small pull-apart basin that has been repeatedly faulted and folded by ground-rupturing earthquakes. A sedimentation rate of 0.4 cm/yr and abundant organic material for radiocarbon dating contribute to a record that is considered complete since 800 A.D. and includes 10 paleoearthquakes. Earthquakes have ruptured this location on average every ~100 years over the last 1200 years, but individual intervals range from ~22 to 186 years. The coefficient of variation of the length of time between earthquakes (0.7) indicates quasiperiodic behavior, similar to other sites along the southern San Andreas Fault. Comparison with the earthquake chronology at neighboring sites along the fault indicates that only one other 1857-size earthquake could have occurred since 1350 A.D., and since 800 A.D., the Big Bend and Mojave sections have ruptured together at most 50% of the time in Mw ≥ 7.3 earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013606","usgsCitation":"Scharer, K.M., Weldon, R.J., Biasi, G., Streig, A., and Fumal, T.E., 2017, Ground-rupturing earthquakes on the northern Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault, California, 800 A.D. to Present: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 122, no. 3, p. 2193-2218, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013606.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2193","endPage":"2218","ipdsId":"IP-079786","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","volume":"122","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e86836e4b05fe04cd4d202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weldon, Ray J.","contributorId":175463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weldon","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn","contributorId":175464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Streig, Ashley","contributorId":39707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streig","given":"Ashley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":195091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193982,"text":"70193982 - 2017 - Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T13:10:48","indexId":"70193982","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh","docAbstract":"Paleoenvironmental records from a southern California coastal saltmarsh reveal evidence for repeated late Holocene coseismic subsidence events. Field analysis of sediment gouge cores established discrete lithostratigraphic units extend across the wetland. Detailed sediment analyses reveal abrupt changes in lithology, percent total organic matter, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. Microfossil analyses indicate that predominantly freshwater deposits bury relic intertidal deposits at three distinct depths. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the three burial events occurred in the last 2000 calendar years. Two of the three events are contemporaneous with large-magnitude paleoearthquakes along the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system. From these data, we infer that during large magnitude earthquakes a step-over along the fault zone results in the vertical displacement of an approximately 5-km2 area that is consistent with the footprint of an estuary identified in pre-development maps. These findings provide insight on the evolution of the saltmarsh, coseismic deformation and earthquake recurrence in a wide area of southern California, and sensitive habitat already threatened by eustatic sea level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep44615","usgsCitation":"Leeper, R., Rhodes, B.P., Kirby, M.E., Scharer, K.M., Carlin, J.A., Hemphill-Haley, E., Avnaim-Katav, S., MacDonald, G.M., Starratt, S.W., and Aranda, A., 2017, Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh: Scientific Reports, v. 7, Article 44615; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44615.","productDescription":"Article 44615; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079036","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44615","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc05e4b06e28e9c238ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeper, Robert 0000-0003-2890-8216 rleeper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-8216","contributorId":4740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeper","given":"Robert","email":"rleeper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhodes, Brady P.","contributorId":200293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Brady","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Matthew E.","contributorId":200294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlin, Joseph A.","contributorId":200295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlin","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, Eileen","contributorId":194373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[{"id":35736,"text":"Hemphill-Haley Consulting, McKinleyville, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Avnaim-Katav, Simona","contributorId":200296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avnaim-Katav","given":"Simona","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacDonald, Glen M.","contributorId":173294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aranda, Angela","contributorId":200297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aranda","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192067,"text":"70192067 - 2017 - Effects of CFT Legumine (5% Rotenone) on tadpole survival and metamorphosis of Chiricahua leopard frogs Lithobates chiricahuensis, Northern leopard frogs L. pipiens, and American bullfrogs L. catesbeianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T15:54:15","indexId":"70192067","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of CFT Legumine (5% Rotenone) on tadpole survival and metamorphosis of Chiricahua leopard frogs Lithobates chiricahuensis, Northern leopard frogs L. pipiens, and American bullfrogs L. catesbeianus","title":"Effects of CFT Legumine (5% Rotenone) on tadpole survival and metamorphosis of Chiricahua leopard frogs Lithobates chiricahuensis, Northern leopard frogs L. pipiens, and American bullfrogs L. catesbeianus","docAbstract":"Amphibians may experience collateral effects if exposed to CFT Legumine (5% rotenone), a piscicide that is used to remove invasive fish. A series of 48-h static toxicity tests assessed the acute effects of CFT Legumine on multi-aged tadpoles of the federally listed Chiricahua leopard frog Lithobates chiricahuensis, the widespread northern leopard frog L. pipiens, and the increasingly invasive American bullfrog L. catesbeianus. At the earliest Gosner stages (GS 21–25), Chiricahua leopard frogs were more sensitive to CFT Legumine (median lethal concentration [LC50] = 0.41–0.58 mg/L) than American bullfrogs (LC50 = 0.63–0.69 mg/L) and northern leopard frogs (LC50 = 0.91 and 1.17 mg/L). As tadpoles developed (i.e., increase in GS), their sensitivity to rotenone decreased. In a separate series of 48-h static nonrenewal toxicity tests, tadpoles (GS 21–25 and GS 31–36) of all three species were exposed to piscicidal concentrations of CFT Legumine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) to assess postexposure effects on metamorphosis. In survivors of all three species at both life stages, the time to tail resorption was nearly doubled in comparison with that of controls. For example, mid-age (GS 31–36) Chiricahua leopard frog tadpoles required 210.7 h to complete tail resorption, whereas controls required 108.5 h. However, because tail resorption is a relatively short period in metamorphosis, the total duration of development (days from posthatch to complete metamorphosis) and the final weight did not differ in either age-group surviving nominal concentrations of 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.0-mg/L CFT Legumine relative to controls. This research demonstrates that the CFT Legumine concentrations commonly used in field applications to remove unwanted fish could result in considerable mortality of the earliest stages of Lithobates species. In addition to acute lethality, piscicide treatments may result in delayed tail resorption, which places the tadpoles at risk by increasing their vulnerability to predation and pathogens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2017.1285355","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, G., Caldwell, C.A., and Kruse, C.G., 2017, Effects of CFT Legumine (5% Rotenone) on tadpole survival and metamorphosis of Chiricahua leopard frogs Lithobates chiricahuensis, Northern leopard frogs L. pipiens, and American bullfrogs L. catesbeianus: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 146, no. 3, p. 512-522, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2017.1285355.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"522","ipdsId":"IP-074191","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b996e4b05fe04cd65caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, Guillermo","contributorId":197741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruse, Carter G.","contributorId":58545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193066,"text":"70193066 - 2017 - Extended late Holocene relative sea-level histories for North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T11:04:29","indexId":"70193066","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extended late Holocene relative sea-level histories for North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"We produced ∼3000-year long relative sea-level (RSL) histories for two sites in North Carolina (USA) using foraminifera preserved in new and existing cores of dated salt-marsh sediment. At Cedar Island, RSL rose by ∼2.4 m during the past ∼3000 years compared to ∼3.3 m at Roanoke Island. This spatial difference arises primarily from differential GIA that caused late Holocene RSL rise to be 0.1–0.2 mm/yr faster at Roanoke Island than at Cedar Island. However, a non-linear difference in RSL between the two study regions (particularly from ∼0 CE to ∼1250 CE) indicates that additional local- to regional-scale processes drove centennial-scale RSL change in North Carolina. Therefore, the Cedar Island and Roanoke Island records should be considered as independent of one another. Between-site differences on sub-millennial timescales cannot be adequately explained by non-stationary tides, sediment compaction, or local sediment dynamics. We propose that a period of accelerating RSL rise from ∼600 CE to 1100 CE that is present at Roanoke Island (and other sites north of Cape Hatteras at least as far as Connecticut), but absent at Cedar Island (and other sites south of Cape Hatteras at least as far as northeastern Florida) is a local-to regional-scale effect of dynamic ocean and/or atmospheric circulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.012","usgsCitation":"Kemp, A.C., Kegel, J.J., Culver, S.J., Barber, D.C., Mallinson, D.J., Leorri, E., Bernhardt, C.E., Cahill, N., Riggs, S.R., Woodson, A.L., Mulligan, R.P., and Horton, B.P., 2017, Extended late Holocene relative sea-level histories for North Carolina, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 160, p. 13-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-082692","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Island, Roanoke Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.41540527343749,\n 34.914088616906106\n ],\n [\n -76.2454605102539,\n 34.914088616906106\n ],\n [\n -76.2454605102539,\n 35.03449433167976\n ],\n [\n -76.41540527343749,\n 35.03449433167976\n ],\n [\n -76.41540527343749,\n 34.914088616906106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.74592590332031,\n 35.801943102768846\n ],\n [\n -75.59761047363281,\n 35.801943102768846\n ],\n [\n -75.59761047363281,\n 35.94688293218141\n ],\n [\n -75.74592590332031,\n 35.94688293218141\n ],\n [\n -75.74592590332031,\n 35.801943102768846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"160","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb1e4b09af898c94147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemp, Andrew C.","contributorId":192892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemp","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kegel, Jessica J.","contributorId":198983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kegel","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, Stephen J.","contributorId":198984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culver","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, Donald C.","contributorId":198985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6651,"text":"Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":198986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leorri, Eduardo","contributorId":198987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leorri","given":"Eduardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cahill, Niamh","contributorId":150754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Niamh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Riggs, Stanley R.","contributorId":198988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riggs","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Woodson, Anna L.","contributorId":198989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodson","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6651,"text":"Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mulligan, Ryan P.","contributorId":194423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":35723,"text":"Queen's University - Kingston, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70190053,"text":"70190053 - 2017 - Unusual geologic evidence of coeval seismic shaking and tsunamis shows variability in earthquake size and recurrence in the area of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T10:52:14","indexId":"70190053","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual geologic evidence of coeval seismic shaking and tsunamis shows variability in earthquake size and recurrence in the area of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake","docAbstract":"An uncommon coastal sedimentary record combines evidence for seismic shaking and coincident tsunami inundation since AD 1000 in the region of the largest earthquake recorded instrumentally: the giant 1960 southern Chile earthquake (Mw 9.5). The record reveals significant variability in the size and recurrence of megathrust earthquakes and ensuing tsunamis along this part of the Nazca-South American plate boundary. A 500-m long coastal outcrop on Isla Chiloé, midway along the 1960 rupture, provides continuous exposure of soil horizons buried locally by debris-flow diamicts and extensively by tsunami sand sheets. The diamicts flattened plants that yield geologically precise ages to correlate with well-dated evidence elsewhere. The 1960 event was preceded by three earthquakes that probably resembled it in their effects, in AD 898 - 1128, 1300 - 1398 and 1575, and by five relatively smaller intervening earthquakes. Earthquakes and tsunamis recurred exceptionally often between AD 1300 and 1575. Their average recurrence interval of 85 years only slightly exceeds the time already elapsed since 1960. This inference is of serious concern because no earthquake has been anticipated in the region so soon after the 1960 event, and current plate locking suggests that some segments of the boundary are already capable of producing large earthquakes. This long-term earthquake and tsunami history of one of the world's most seismically active subduction zones provides an example of variable rupture mode, in which earthquake size and recurrence interval vary from one earthquake to the next.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.007","usgsCitation":"Cisternas, M., Garrett, E., Wesson, R.L., Dura, T., and Ely, L.L., 2017, Unusual geologic evidence of coeval seismic shaking and tsunamis shows variability in earthquake size and recurrence in the area of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake: Marine Geology, v. 385, no. 1 March 2017, p. 101-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-083320","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1364141/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0025322716X00138-cov150h.gif"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.619140625,\n -43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n -43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n -41.73033005046652\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n -41.73033005046652\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n -43.46089378008257\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"385","issue":"1 March 2017","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"598acddce4b09fa1cb0e13db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cisternas, M.","contributorId":193403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cisternas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, E","contributorId":195524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrett","given":"E","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesson, Robert L. 0000-0003-2702-0012 rwesson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-0012","contributorId":850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Robert","email":"rwesson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dura, T.","contributorId":193399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dura","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ely, L. L","contributorId":193400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ely","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195838,"text":"70195838 - 2017 - Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T11:16:30","indexId":"70195838","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands","docAbstract":"Permafrost peatlands store one-third of the total carbon (C) in the atmosphere and are increasingly vulnerable to thaw as high-latitude temperatures warm. Large uncertainties remain about C dynamics following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands. We used a chronosequence approach to measure C stocks in forested permafrost plateaus (forest) and thawed permafrost bogs, ranging in thaw age from young (<10 years) to old (>100 years) from two interior Alaska chronosequences. Permafrost originally aggraded simultaneously with peat accumulation (syngenetic permafrost) at both sites. We found that upon thaw, C loss of the forest peat C is equivalent to ~30% of the initial forest C stock and is directly proportional to the prethaw C stocks. Our model results indicate that permafrost thaw turned these peatlands into net C sources to the atmosphere for a decade following thaw, after which post-thaw bog peat accumulation returned sites to net C sinks. It can take multiple centuries to millennia for a site to recover its prethaw C stocks; the amount of time needed for them to regain their prethaw C stocks is governed by the amount of C that accumulated prior to thaw. Consequently, these findings show that older peatlands will take longer to recover prethaw C stocks, whereas younger peatlands will exceed prethaw stocks in a matter of centuries. We conclude that the loss of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost by 2100 could result in a loss of up to 24 Pg of deep C from permafrost peatlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13403","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Harden, J.W., O’Donnell, J.A., Manies, K.L., Jorgenson, M., Treat, C.C., and Ewing, S., 2017, Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 1109-1127, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13403.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1127","ipdsId":"IP-075945","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8b9e4b0da30c1bfc496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":202940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":36554,"text":"Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":150798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie","contributorId":202941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195841,"text":"70195841 - 2017 - Antarctic ice-core water (USGS49) – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T11:04:55","indexId":"70195841","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Antarctic ice-core water (USGS49) – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water","title":"Antarctic ice-core water (USGS49) – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water","docAbstract":"As a result of the scarcity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution has been prepared from ice-core water from the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS49, was filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The δ2H and δ18O values of USGS49 are −394.7 ± 0.4 and −50.55 ± 0.04 mUr (where mUr = 0.001 = ‰), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalised such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, −428 and −55.5 mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95% probability of encompassing the true value. This isotopic reference material is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. It is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules or as a set of sixteen glass ampoules containing 5 ml of water in each ampoule.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ggr.12135","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, J.M., Qi, H., and Coplen, T.B., 2017, Antarctic ice-core water (USGS49) – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 41, no. 1, p. 63-68, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12135.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-077712","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8b9e4b0da30c1bfc494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193625,"text":"70193625 - 2017 - Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T11:09:57","indexId":"70193625","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability","docAbstract":"Common species are fundamental to the structure and function of their communities and may enhance community stability through intraspecific functional diversity (iFD). We measured among-habitat and within-habitat iFD (i.e., among- and within-plant community types) of two common small mammal species using stable isotopes and functional trait dendrograms, determined whether iFD was related to short-term population stability and small mammal community stability, and tested whether spatially explicit trait filters helped explain observed patterns of iFD. Southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) had greater iFD than deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), both among habitats, and within the plant community in which they were most abundant (their “primary habitat”). Peromyscus maniculatus populations across habitats differed significantly between years and declined 78% in deciduous forests, their primary habitat, as did the overall deciduous forest small mammal community. Myodes gapperi populations were stable across habitats and within coniferous forest, their primary habitat, as was the coniferous forest small mammal community. Generalized linear models representing internal trait filters (e.g., competition), which increase within-habitat type iFD, best explained variation in M. gapperidiet, while models representing internal filters and external filters (e.g., climate), which suppress within-habitat iFD, best explained P. maniculatus diet. This supports the finding that M. gapperi had higher iFD than P. maniculatus and is consistent with the theory that internal trait filters are associated with higher iFD than external filters. Common species with high iFD can impart a stabilizing influence on their communities, information that can be important for conserving biodiversity under environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2721","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.M., McKinney, S.T., and Loftin, C., 2017, Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1553-1560, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2721.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1553","endPage":"1560","ipdsId":"IP-074150","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2721","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e928e4b09af898c8cbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Connor M.","contributorId":167785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Shawn T. smckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":5175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Shawn","email":"smckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187194,"text":"70187194 - 2017 - Estimating regional-scale permeability–depth relations in a fractured-rock terrain using groundwater-flow model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:08:46","indexId":"70187194","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating regional-scale permeability–depth relations in a fractured-rock terrain using groundwater-flow model calibration","docAbstract":"The trend of decreasing permeability with depth was estimated in the fractured-rock terrain of the upper Potomac River basin in the eastern USA using model calibration on 200 water-level observations in wells and 12 base-flow observations in subwatersheds. Results indicate that permeability at the 1–10 km scale (for groundwater flowpaths) decreases by several orders of magnitude within the top 100 m of land surface. This depth range represents the transition from the weathered, fractured regolith into unweathered bedrock. This rate of decline is substantially greater than has been observed by previous investigators that have plotted in situ wellbore measurements versus depth. The difference is that regional water levels give information on kilometer-scale connectivity of the regolith and adjacent fracture networks, whereas in situ measurements give information on near-hole fractures and fracture networks. The approach taken was to calibrate model layer-to-layer ratios of hydraulic conductivity (LLKs) for each major rock type. Most rock types gave optimal LLK values of 40–60, where each layer was twice a thick as the one overlying it. Previous estimates of permeability with depth from deeper data showed less of a decline at <300 m than the regional modeling results. There was less certainty in the modeling results deeper than 200 m and for certain rock types where fewer water-level observations were available. The results have implications for improved understanding of watershed-scale groundwater flow and transport, such as for the timing of the migration of pollutants from the water table to streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1483-y","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2017, Estimating regional-scale permeability–depth relations in a fractured-rock terrain using groundwater-flow model calibration: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 25, no. 2, p. 405-419, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1483-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-076752","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8c4e4b0da30c1bfc4a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186891,"text":"70186891 - 2017 - Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, Delmarva, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:34:18","indexId":"70186891","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, Delmarva, Maryland","docAbstract":"Migratory waterfowl are natural reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and may contribute to the long-distance dispersal of these pathogens as well as spillover into domestic bird populations. Surveillance for AIVs is critical to assessing risks for potential spread of these viruses among wild and domestic bird populations. The Delmarva Peninsula on the east coast of the United States is both a key convergence point for migratory Atlantic waterfowl populations and a region with high poultry production (>4,700 poultry meat facilities). Sampling of key migratory waterfowl species occurred at 20 locations throughout the Delmarva Peninsula in fall and winter of 2013–14. Samples were collected from 400 hunter-harvested or live-caught birds via cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs. Fourteen of the 400 (3.5%) birds sampled tested positive for the AIV matrix gene using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, all from five dabbling duck species. Further characterization of the 14 viral isolates identified two hemagglutinin (H3 and H4) and four neuraminidase (N2, N6, N8, and N9) subtypes, which were consistent with isolates reported in the Influenza Research Database for this region. Three of 14 isolates contained multiple HA or NA subtypes. This study adds to the limited baseline information available for AIVs in migratory waterfowl populations on the Delmarva Peninsula, particularly prior to the highly pathogenic AIV A(H5N8) and A(H5N2) introductions to the United States in late 2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/11476-072616-ResNote","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Densmore, C.L., Hindman, L.J., Iwanowicz, D.D., Ottinger, C.A., Iwanowicz, L., Driscoll, C.P., and Nagel, J.L., 2017, Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, Delmarva, Maryland: Avian Diseases, v. 61, no. 1, p. 128-134, https://doi.org/10.1637/11476-072616-ResNote.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"134","ipdsId":"IP-080890","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75M63V3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, Delmarva, Maryland"},{"id":339678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -74.9871826171875,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -74.9871826171875,\n 38.8782049970615\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 38.8782049970615\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 37.98317483351337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e5fe4b06911a29fa846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hindman, Larry J.","contributorId":190849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hindman","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":150383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R. ","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Driscoll, Cindy P.","contributorId":190850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nagel, Jessica L. 0000-0002-4437-0324 jnagel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0324","contributorId":3976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Jessica","email":"jnagel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70191671,"text":"70191671 - 2017 - New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T14:04:19","indexId":"70191671","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements","docAbstract":"Understanding nitrate dynamics in groundwater systems as a function of climatic conditions, especially during contrasting patterns of drought and wet cycles, is limited by a lack of temporal and spatial data. Nitrate sensors have the capability for making accurate, high-frequency measurements of nitrate in situ, but have not yet been evaluated for long-term use in groundwater wells. We measured in situ nitrate continuously in two groundwater monitoring wells —one rural and one urban—located in the recharge zone of a productive karst aquifer in central Texas in order to resolve changes that occur over both short-term (hourly to daily) and long-term (monthly to yearly) periods. Nitrate concentrations, measured as nitrate-nitrogen in milligrams per liter (mg/L), during drought conditions showed little or no temporal change as groundwater levels declined. During aquifer recharge, extremely rapid changes in concentration occurred at both wells as documented by hourly data. At both sites, nitrate concentrations were affected by recharging surface water as evidenced by nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge (0.8–1.3 mg/L) that were similar to previously reported values for regional recharging streams. Groundwater nitrate concentrations responded differently at urban and rural sites during groundwater recharge. Concentrations at the rural well (approximately 1.0 mg/L) increased as a result of higher nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge relative to ambient nitrate concentrations in groundwater, whereas concentrations at the urban well (approximately 2.7 mg/L) decreased as a result of the dilution of higher ambient nitrate concentrations relative to those in groundwater recharge. Notably, nitrate concentrations decreased to as low as 0.8 mg/L at the urban site during recharge but postrecharge concentrations exceeded 3.0 mg/L. A return to higher nitrate concentrations postrecharge indicates mobilization of a localized source of elevated nitrate within the urbanized area of the aquifer. Changes in specific conductance were observed at both sites during groundwater recharge, and a significant correlation between specific conductance and nitrate (correlation coefficient [R] = 0.455) was evident at the urban site where large (3-fold) changes in nitrate occurred. Nitrate concentrations and specific conductance measured during a depth profile indicated that the water column was generally homogeneous as expected for this karst environment, but changes were observed in the most productive zone of the aquifer that might indicate some heterogeneity within the complex network of flow paths. Resolving the timing and magnitude of changes and characterizing fine-scale vertical differences would not be possible using conventional sampling techniques. The patterns observed in situ provided new insight into the dynamic nature of nitrate in a karst groundwater system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.038","usgsCitation":"Opsahl, S.P., Musgrove, M., and Slattery, R.N., 2017, New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements: Journal of Hydrology, v. 546, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.038.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-067710","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 29.11857441491087\n ],\n [\n -97.55584716796875,\n 29.11857441491087\n ],\n [\n -97.55584716796875,\n 30.458144351018078\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 30.458144351018078\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 29.11857441491087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"546","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05123e4b0220bbd9a1d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":197013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195947,"text":"70195947 - 2017 - Trawl-based assessment of Lake Ontario pelagic prey fishes including Alewife and Rainbow Smelt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T10:17:08","indexId":"70195947","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Trawl-based assessment of Lake Ontario pelagic prey fishes including Alewife and Rainbow Smelt","docAbstract":"Managing Lake Ontario fisheries in an ecosystem-context, requires reliable data on the status and trends of prey fishes that support predator populations. We report on the community and population dynamics of Lake Ontario pelagic prey fishes, based on bottom trawl surveys. We emphasize information that supports the international Lake Ontario Committee’s Fish Community Objectives. In 2016, 142 bottom trawls were collected in U.S. waters, and for the first time 46 trawls were conducted in Canadian waters. A total of 420,386 fish from 24 species were captured. Alewife were 89% of the total fish catch and 93% of the pelagic prey fish catch. The Rainbow Smelt abundance index in U.S. waters increased slightly in 2016 relative to 2015. Interestingly, the Rainbow Smelt abundance index from tows in Canadian waters was 35% higher than the U.S. index. Abundances of Threespine Stickleback and Emerald Shiners in both U.S. and Canadian waters were low in 2016 relative to their peak abundances in the late 1990s, but Cisco abundance indices suggest a recent increase in their abundance. This year, the reported Alewife abundance time series was truncated to only include values since 1997, which were collected with the same trawl and eliminated the need to adjust values for different trawls. The 2016 adult Alewife abundance index was the second lowest abundance ever observed in the time series. This value was expected to decline from the 2015 value since the indices of juvenile Alewife were low in 2014 and the lowest ever observed in 2015. The fall condition index of adult Alewife increased in 2016 and is consistent with lower abundance and reduced competition for zooplankton resources. The 2016 Age-1 Alewife index increased relative to 2014 and 2015, and suggested lake conditions were favorable for Age-1 survival and growth during the summer of 2015 and the 2015-2016 winter. Interestingly, the catch of adult and Age1 Alewife was higher in trawls conducted in Canadian waters relative to U. S. waters. The larger trawl catches in Canadian waters suggest there may be important spatial differences in lake-wide distribution of prey fishes in April when trawling is conducted. Future surveys should to continue to sample at the whole-lake scale to understand the year to year variability in spatial distribution and the physical or biotic factors driving those distribution differences.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., Walsh, M., Connerton, M., and Holden, J.P., 2017, Trawl-based assessment of Lake Ontario pelagic prey fishes including Alewife and Rainbow Smelt, Section 12a; 13 p.","productDescription":"Section 12a; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086005","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352347,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish_marine_pdf/lorpt16.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.0189208984375,\n 43.177141346631714\n ],\n [\n -76.0528564453125,\n 43.177141346631714\n ],\n [\n -76.0528564453125,\n 44.288469027276506\n ],\n [\n -80.0189208984375,\n 44.288469027276506\n ],\n [\n -80.0189208984375,\n 43.177141346631714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8b9e4b0da30c1bfc492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025 mwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":3659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"mwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":190416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holden, Jeremy P.","contributorId":190415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184180,"text":"70184180 - 2017 - Nocturnal insect availability in bottomland hardwood forests managed for wildlife in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T14:16:54","indexId":"70184180","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nocturnal insect availability in bottomland hardwood forests managed for wildlife in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Silviculture used to alter forest structure and thereby enhance wildlife habitat has been advocated for bottomland hardwood forest management on public conservation lands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Although some songbirds respond positively to these management actions to attain desired forest conditions for wildlife, the response of other species, is largely unknown. Nocturnal insects are a primary prey base for bats, thereby influencing trophic interactions within hardwood forests. To better understand how silviculture influences insect availability for bats, we conducted vegetation surveys and sampled insect biomass within silviculturally treated bottomland hardwood forest stands. We used passive blacklight traps to capture nocturnal flying insects in 64 treated and 64 untreated reference stands, located on 15 public conservation areas in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Dead wood and silvicultural treatments were positively associated with greater biomass of macro-Lepidoptera, macro-Coleoptera, and all insect taxa combined. Biomass of micro-Lepidoptera was negatively associated with silvicultural treatment but comprised only a small proportion of total biomass. 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Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christopher Comer","contributorId":187410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christopher Comer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179835,"text":"ds1030 - 2017 - Winter 2016, Part B—Coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Assateague Island, Virginia, to Montauk Point, New York, March 8–9, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T10:49:23","indexId":"ds1030","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1030","title":"Winter 2016, Part B—Coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Assateague Island, Virginia, to Montauk Point, New York, March 8–9, 2016","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, conducts baseline and storm-response photography missions to document and understand the changes in the vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. 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The photographs in this report document the state of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey.
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U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/