As human disturbance of natural landscapes increases, so does the need for information on declining, threatened, and potentially threatened native species. Proposed listing of the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1999 was found unwarranted in 2003, but this species remains of special concern to management agencies and conservation groups. Whereas large concentrations of breeding Mountain Plovers occur in Montana and Colorado, estimates of the numbers of Mountain Plovers in Wyoming have ranged from only 500 to 1,500 individuals and are based largely on conjecture. In 2002, we visited all known breeding locales in the state to define areas of concentrated sightings in the Laramie, Shirley, Washakie, Great Divide, and Big Horn basins. In 2003, we used distance sampling to estimate breeding bird densities in these five areas. We pooled these estimates and applied the resulting density to a minimum occupied range for the Mountain Plover based on the documented sightings and a previously derived home-range size of 56.6 ha ± 21.5 (SD) to generate a minimum population estimate for the state. Average Mountain Plover density was 4.47 ± 0.55 (SE) birds/km2. We calculated a minimum population estimate of 3,393 birds for Wyoming. The Mountain Plover population breeding in Wyoming appears to contribute substantially to a revised continental population estimate of 11,000 to 14,000 birds. Our approach may have applications to quantifying minimum population status of other uncommon species or species of special conservation concern using current database records, such as those compiled in Natural Heritage Programs at the state level.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-008","usgsCitation":"Plumb, R., Knopf, F., and Anderson, S., 2005, Minimum population size of Mountain Plovers breeding in Wyoming: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 15-22, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210477","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, R.E.","contributorId":25108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001777,"text":"1001777 - 2005 - Landscape composition, patch size, and distance to edges: Interactions affecting duck reproductive success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:55:32","indexId":"1001777","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape composition, patch size, and distance to edges: Interactions affecting duck reproductive success","docAbstract":"Prairies and other North American grasslands, although highly fragmented, provide breeding habitat for a diverse array of species, including species of tremendous economic and ecological importance. Conservation and management of these species requires some understanding of how reproductive success is affected by edge effects, patch size, and characteristics of the landscape. We examined how differences in the percentage of grassland in the landscape influenced the relationships between the success of nests of upland-nesting ducks and (1) field size and (2) distance to nearest field and wetland edges. We collected data on study areas composed of 15–20% grassland and areas composed of 45–55% grassland in central North Dakota, USA during the 1996 and 1997 nesting seasons. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of duck nests were greater in study areas with 45–55% grassland than with 15–20% grassland. Within study areas, we detected a curvilinear relationship between DSR and field size: DSRs were highest in small and large fields and lowest in moderately sized fields. In study areas with 15–20% grassland, there was no relationship between probability of hatching and distance to nearest field edge, whereas in study areas with 45–55% grassland, there was a positive relationship between these two variables. Results of this study support the conclusion that both landscape composition and configuration affect reproductive success of ground-nesting birds. We are prompted to question conservation strategies that favor clustering moderately sized patches of nesting habitat within agricultural landscapes because our results show that such patches would have low nest success, most likely caused by predation. Understanding the pattern of nest success, and the predator–prey mechanisms that produce the pattern, will enable design of patch configurations that are most conducive to meeting conservation goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5254","usgsCitation":"Horn, D.J., Phillips, M.L., Koford, R.R., Clark, W.R., Sovada, M.A., and Greenwood, R.J., 2005, Landscape composition, patch size, and distance to edges: Interactions affecting duck reproductive success: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 4, p. 1367-1376, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5254.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1376","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, David Joseph","contributorId":174793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Michael L.","contributorId":149855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":311747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greenwood, Raymond J.","contributorId":174570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029479,"text":"70029479 - 2005 - Wash load and bed-material load transport in the Yellow River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029479","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wash load and bed-material load transport in the Yellow River","docAbstract":"It has been the conventional assumption that wash load is supply limited and is only indirectly related to the hydraulics of a river. Hydraulic engineers also assumed that bed-material load concentration is independent of wash load concentration. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Yellow River sediment transport data to determine whether the above assumptions are true and whether wash load concentration can be computed from the original unit stream power formula and the modified unit stream power formula for sediment-laden flows. A systematic and thorough analysis of 1,160 sets of data collected from 9 gauging stations along the Middle and Lower Yellow River confirmed that the method suggested by the conjunctive use of the two formulas can be used to compute wash load, bed-material load, and total load in the Yellow River with accuracy. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:5(413)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Yang, C., and Simoes, F., 2005, Wash load and bed-material load transport in the Yellow River: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 131, no. 5, p. 413-418, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:5(413).","startPage":"413","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:5(413)"},{"id":237418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3ece4b08c986b32b3f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, C.T.","contributorId":14629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simoes, F.J.M.","contributorId":100181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"F.J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029271,"text":"70029271 - 2005 - Dating offset fans along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70029271","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating offset fans along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be","docAbstract":"Analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in samples collected from exposed boulders (n = 20) and from buried sediment (n = 3) from offset fans along the San Andreas fault near Little Rock, California, yielded ages, ranging from 16 to 413 ka, which increase with distance from their source at the mouth of Little Rock Creek. In order to determine the age of the relatively younger fans, the erosion rate of the boulders and the cosmogenic nuclide inheritance from exposure prior to deposition in the fan were established. Cosmogenic nuclide inheritance values that range between 8.5 ?? 103 and 196 ?? 103 atoms 10Be g-1 quartz were determined by measuring the concentrations and ratios of 10Be and 26Al in boulders (n = 10) and fine sediment (n = 7) at the outlet of the present active stream. Boulder erosion rate, ranging between 17 and 160 mm k.y.-1, was estimated by measuring 10Be and 26Al concentrations in nearby bedrock outcrops (n = 8). Since the boulders on the fans represent the most resistant rocks in this environment, we used the lowest rate for the age calculations. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine ages of 16 ?? 5 and 29 ?? 7 ka for the two younger fan surfaces. Older fans (older than 100 ka) were dated by analyzing 10Be and 26Al concentrations in buried sand samples. The ages of the three oldest fans range between 227 ?? 242 and 413 ?? 185 ka. Although fan age determinations are accompanied by large uncertainties, the results of this study show a clear trend of increasing fan ages with increasing distance from the source near Little Rock Creek and provide a long-term slip rate along this section of the San Andreas fault. Slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault for the past 413 k.y. can be determined in several ways. The average slip rate calculated from the individual fan ages is 4.2 ?? 0.9 cm yr-1. A linear regression through the data points implies a slip rate of 3.7 ?? 1.0 cm yr-1. A most probable slip rate of 3.0 ?? 1.0 cm yr-1 is determined by using a X2 test. These rates suggest that the average slip along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault has been relatively constant over this time period. The slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault, determined in this study, agrees well with previous slip rate calculations for the Quaternary. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25590.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Matmon, A., Schwartz, D.P., Finkel, R., Clemmens, S., and Hanks, T., 2005, Dating offset fans along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 5-6, p. 795-807, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25590.1.","startPage":"795","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25590.1"}],"volume":"117","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde2e4b0c8380cd4e9bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matmon, A.","contributorId":14983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matmon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkel, R.","contributorId":103028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemmens, S.","contributorId":42413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemmens","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanks, T.","contributorId":88941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008606,"text":"1008606 - 2005 - Describing spatial pattern in stream networks: A practical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T10:08:55","indexId":"1008606","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Describing spatial pattern in stream networks: A practical approach","docAbstract":"The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (τr) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel‐bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank‐full discharge (1–2600 m3/s), average channel gradient (0.0003–0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027–0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was formed for each site by plotting individual values of the dimensionless transport rate W* versus the reach‐average dimensionless shear stress τ*. The reference dimensionless shear stress τ*r was then estimated by selecting the value of τ* corresponding to a reference transport rate of W* = 0.002. The results indicate that the discharge corresponding to τ*r averages 67% of the bank‐full discharge, with the variation independent of reach‐scale morphologic and sediment properties. However, values of τ*r increase systematically with average channel gradient, ranging from 0.025–0.035 at sites with slopes of 0.001–0.006 to values greater than 0.10 at sites with slopes greater than 0.02. A corresponding relation for the bank‐full dimensionless shear stress τ*bf, formulated with data from 159 sites in North America and England, mirrors the relation between τ*r and channel gradient, suggesting that the bank‐full channel geometry of gravel‐ and cobble‐bedded streams is adjusted to a relatively constant excess shear stress, τ*bf − τ*r, across a wide range of slopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003692","usgsCitation":"Mueller, E.R., Pitlick, J., and Nelson, J.M., 2005, Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 4, Article W04006; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003692.","productDescription":"Article W04006; 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc169e4b08c986b32a56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X emueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":4930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich","email":"emueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029086,"text":"70029086 - 2005 - Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:26:42","indexId":"70029086","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","docAbstract":"The variability (1990–2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (Rn) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (Tavg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, Rn, RH, and Tavg, at daily to seasonal time scales. This circulation pattern is dominated by 700-hPa geopotential height (Z700) anomalies over a region off the west coast of North America, approximately between 32° and 44° latitude, referred to as the California Pressure Anomaly (CPA). High cloudiness and lower than normal ETo are associated with the low-height (pressure) phase of the CPA pattern. Higher than normal ETo anomalies are associated with clear skies maintained through anomalously high Z700 anomalies offshore of the North American coast. Spring CPA, cloudiness, maximum temperature (Tmax), pan evaporation (Epan), and ETo conditions have not trended significantly or consistently during the second half of the twentieth century in California. Because it is not known how cloud cover and humidity will respond to climate change, the response of ETo in California to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations is essentially unknown; however, to retain the levels of ETo in the current climate, a decline of Rn by about 6% would be required to compensate for a warming of +3°C.
A description of the social network of a population aids us in understanding dispersal, the spread of disease, and genetic structure in that population. Many animal populations can be classified as fission–fusion societies, whereby groups form and separate over time. Examples discussed in the literature include ungulates, primates and cetaceans (Lott and Minta, 1983, Whitehead et al., 1991, Henzi et al., 1997, Christal et al., 1998 and Chilvers and Corkeron, 2002). In this study, we use a heuristic simulation model to illustrate potential problems in applying traditional techniques of association analysis to fission–fusion societies and propose a new index of association: the fission decision index (FDI). We compare the conclusions resulting from traditional methods with those of the FDI using data from African buffalo, Syncerus caffer, in the Kruger National Park. The traditional approach suggested that the buffalo population was spatially and temporally structured into four different ‘herds’ with adult males only peripherally associated with mixed herds. Our FDI method indicated that association decisions of adult males appeared random, but those of other sex and age categories were nonrandom, particularly when we included the fission events associated with adult males. Furthermore, the amount of time that individuals spent together was only weakly correlated with their propensity to remain together during fission events. We conclude with a discussion of the applicability of the FDI to other studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.006","usgsCitation":"Cross, P., Lloyd-Smith, J., and Getz, W., 2005, Disentangling association patterns in fission-fusion societies using African buffalo as an example: Animal Behaviour, v. 69, no. 2, p. 499-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mozambique, South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 32.684326171875,\n -24.166802085303225\n ],\n [\n 32.5469970703125,\n -23.76020942503921\n ],\n [\n 32.4810791015625,\n -23.49851437547979\n ],\n [\n 32.1954345703125,\n -23.064570430524864\n ],\n [\n 31.871337890625,\n -22.750855005867315\n ],\n [\n 31.5472412109375,\n -22.45164881912619\n ],\n [\n 31.2506103515625,\n -22.360236445799355\n ],\n [\n 31.0638427734375,\n -22.344995208437883\n ],\n [\n 31.0089111328125,\n -22.50240745949775\n ],\n [\n 31.047363281250004,\n -22.745789142425874\n ],\n [\n 30.904541015625,\n -23.064570430524864\n ],\n [\n 31.140747070312504,\n -23.68477416688373\n ],\n [\n 31.030883789062496,\n -23.78031811836225\n ],\n [\n 31.0638427734375,\n -23.85067404608915\n ],\n [\n 31.1846923828125,\n -23.936054914599815\n ],\n [\n 31.1187744140625,\n -24.091604032879005\n ],\n [\n 30.8935546875,\n -24.111661168663574\n ],\n [\n 30.492553710937496,\n -24.00632619875113\n ],\n [\n 30.679321289062496,\n -24.24696455430091\n ],\n [\n 31.036376953125,\n -24.24696455430091\n ],\n [\n 31.080322265625,\n -24.352101162808893\n ],\n [\n 31.22314453125,\n -24.342091906998917\n ],\n [\n 31.245117187499996,\n -24.53712939907993\n ],\n [\n 31.475830078124996,\n -24.701924833689922\n ],\n [\n 31.431884765624996,\n -24.96614015991296\n ],\n [\n 31.1956787109375,\n -25.005972656239177\n ],\n [\n 31.162719726562496,\n -25.15522939494057\n ],\n [\n 31.3165283203125,\n -25.5127000076205\n ],\n [\n 31.761474609375,\n -25.348990395713393\n ],\n [\n 31.937255859375,\n -25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n 32.0086669921875,\n -25.408546892670543\n ],\n [\n 32.003173828125,\n -24.73685348477068\n ],\n [\n 31.997680664062496,\n -24.352101162808893\n ],\n [\n 31.893310546875004,\n -24.14174098050431\n ],\n [\n 31.88232421875,\n -23.9812337110267\n ],\n [\n 32.23388671875,\n -23.865745352647966\n ],\n [\n 32.27783203125,\n -23.936054914599815\n ],\n [\n 32.508544921875,\n -24.05649649076851\n ],\n [\n 32.530517578125,\n -24.211899678553248\n ],\n [\n 32.684326171875,\n -24.166802085303225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd-Smith, James O.","contributorId":31354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd-Smith","given":"James O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getz, W.M.","contributorId":7669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028202,"text":"70028202 - 2005 - The Zamama-Thor region of Io: Insights from a synthesis of mapping, topography, and Galileo spacecraft data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T08:18:54","indexId":"70028202","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Zamama-Thor region of Io: Insights from a synthesis of mapping, topography, and Galileo spacecraft data","docAbstract":"We have studied data from the Galileo spacecraft's three remote sensing instruments (Solid-State Imager (SSI), Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), and Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR)) covering the Zamama–Thor region of Io's antijovian hemisphere, and produced a geomorphological map of this region. This is the third of three regional maps we are producing from the Galileo spacecraft data. Our goal is to assess the variety of volcanic and tectonic materials and their interrelationships on Io using planetary mapping techniques, supplemented with all available Galileo remote sensing data. Based on the Galileo data analysis and our mapping, we have determined that the most recent geologic activity in the Zamama–Thor region has been dominated by two sites of large-scale volcanic surface changes. The Zamama Eruptive Center is a site of both explosive and effusive eruptions, which emanate from two relatively steep edifices (Zamama Tholi A and B) that appear to be built by both silicate and sulfur volcanism. A ∼100-km long flow field formed sometime after the 1979 Voyager flybys, which appears to be a site of promethean-style compound flows, flow-front SO2 plumes, and adjacent sulfur flows. Larger, possibly stealthy, plumes have on at least one occasion during the Galileo mission tapped a source that probably includes S and/or Cl to produce a red pyroclastic deposit from the same vent from which silicate lavas were erupted. The Thor Eruptive Center, which may have been active prior to Voyager, became active again during the Galileo mission between May and August 2001. A pillanian-style eruption at Thor included the tallest plume observed to date on Io (at least 500 km high) and new dark lava flows. The plume produced a central dark pyroclastic deposit (probably silicate-rich) and an outlying white diffuse ring that is SO2-rich. Mapping shows that several of the new dark lava flows around the plume vent have reoccupied sites of earlier flows. Unlike most of the other pillanian eruptions observed during the Galileomission, the 2001 Thor eruption did not produce a large red ring deposit, indicating a relative lack of S and/or Cl gases interacting with the magma during that eruption. Between these two eruptive centers are two paterae, Thomagata and Reshef. Thomagata Patera is located on a large shield-like mesa and shows no signs of activity. In contrast, Reshef Patera is located on a large, irregular mesa that is apparently undergoing degradation through erosion (perhaps from SO2-sapping or chemical decomposition of sulfur-rich material) from multiple secondary volcanic centers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.005","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Keszthelyi, L., Schenk, P., Milazzo, M.P., Lopes, R., Rathbun, J.A., and Greeley, R., 2005, The Zamama-Thor region of Io: Insights from a synthesis of mapping, topography, and Galileo spacecraft data: Icarus, v. 177, no. 1, p. 69-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.005.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.005"}],"volume":"177","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba996e4b08c986b322377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rathbun, Julie A.","contributorId":210502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029525,"text":"70029525 - 2005 - Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T07:23:57","indexId":"70029525","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":671,"text":"African Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa","docAbstract":"The herbicide atrazine has been suggested to cause gonadal deformities in frogs and could possibly impact on reproduction. Since the early 1960s, atrazine has been used in large amounts in maize production areas of South Africa. These areas overlap with populations of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) that has a wide distribution in southern Africa and is found in most water-bodies including those where atrazine residues are detected. The aim of this study was to compare various attributes of individual- and population-level responses of X. laevis from maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Xenopus laevis were studied in three reference and five maize-growing sites. Sex ratio, snout-vent length, body-mass and age profiles were found to be similar for populations in maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Our mark-recapture data indicated that all sites had robust populations. There were no significant relationships between exposure to atrazine and any of the parameters investigated in populations of X. laevis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"African Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518","issn":"04416651","usgsCitation":"Du Preez, L., Solomon, K., Carr, J., Giesy, J., Gross, T., Kendall, R., Smith, E., Van Der Kraak, G.L., and Weldon, C., 2005, Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa: African Journal of Herpetology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 61-68, https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268092,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518"},{"id":237567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7da1e4b0c8380cd7a07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Preez, L.H.","contributorId":88552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Preez","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, K.R.","contributorId":45432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, J.A.","contributorId":106692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, R.J.","contributorId":38768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, E.E.","contributorId":47154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Der Kraak, G. L.","contributorId":62401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Kraak","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weldon, C.","contributorId":93267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027302,"text":"70027302 - 2005 - DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:42:40.515021","indexId":"70027302","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica","docAbstract":"Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets preserve more than 77% of the global fresh water and could raise global sea level by several meters if completely melted. Ocean tides near and under ice shelves shifts the grounding line position significantly and are one of current limitations to study glacier dynamics and mass balance. The Sulzberger ice shelf is an area of ice mass flux change in West Antarctica and has not yet been well studied. In this study, we use repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data from the ERS-1 and ERS-2 tandem missions for generation of a high-resolution (60-m) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) including tidal deformation detection and ice stream velocity of the Sulzberger Ice Shelf. Other satellite data such as laser altimeter measurements with fine foot-prints (70-m) from NASA's ICESat are used for validation and analyses. The resulting DEM has an accuracy of-0.57??5.88 m and is demonstrated to be useful for grounding line detection and ice mass balance studies. The deformation observed by InSAR is found to be primarily due to ocean tides and atmospheric pressure. The 2-D ice stream velocities computed agree qualitatively with previous methods on part of the Ice Shelf from passive microwave remote-sensing data (i.e., LANDSAT). ?? 2005 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2005","conferenceDate":"Jul 25-29, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Seoul, south Korea","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1525630","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Shum, C., Lee, H., Yi, Y., Kwoun, O., Lu, Z., and Braun, A., 2005, DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) proceedings, v. 4, Seoul, south Korea, Jul 25-29, 2005, p. 2726-2728, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1525630.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2726","endPage":"2728","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Sulzberger Ice Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -77.65299700291865\n ],\n [\n -151.094970703125,\n -77.65299700291865\n ],\n [\n -151.094970703125,\n -76.92309950187344\n ],\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -76.92309950187344\n ],\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -77.65299700291865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd40e4b0c8380cd4e6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yi, Y.","contributorId":79274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Braun, Andreas","contributorId":80877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029257,"text":"70029257 - 2005 - 3H/3He age data in assessing the susceptibility of wells to contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T15:49:37","indexId":"70029257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"3H/3He age data in assessing the susceptibility of wells to contamination","title":"3H/3He age data in assessing the susceptibility of wells to contamination","docAbstract":"Regulatory agencies are becoming increasingly interested in using young–ground water dating techniques, such as the 3H/3He method, in assessing the susceptibility of public supply wells (PSWs) to contamination. However, recent studies emphasize that ground water samples of mixed age may be the norm, particularly from long-screened PSWs, and tracer-based “apparent” ages can differ substantially from actual mean ages for mixed-age samples. We present age and contaminant data from PSWs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, that demonstrate the utility of 3H and 3He measurements in evaluating well susceptibility, despite potential age mixing. Initial 3H concentrations (measured 3H + measured tritiogenic 3He) are compared to those expected based on the apparent 3H/3He age and the local precipitation 3H record. This comparison is used to determine the amount of modern water (recharged after ∼1950) vs. prebomb water (recharged before ∼1950) samples might contain. Concentrations of common contaminants were also measured using detection limits generally lower than those used for regulatory purposes. A clear correlation exists between the potential magnitude of the modern water fraction and both the occurrence and concentration of contaminants. For samples containing dominantly modern water based on their initial 3H concentrations, potential discrepancies between apparent 3H/3He ages and mean ages are explored using synthetic samples that are random mixtures of different modern waters. Apparent ages can exceed mean ages by up to 13 years for these samples, with an exponential age distribution resulting in the greatest discrepancies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0028.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Solomon, D., and Thiros, S.A., 2005, 3H/3He age data in assessing the susceptibility of wells to contamination: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 3, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0028.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25de4b0c8380cd45aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029260,"text":"70029260 - 2005 - Analysis of ground-measured and passive-microwave-derived snow depth variations in midwinter across the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029260","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of ground-measured and passive-microwave-derived snow depth variations in midwinter across the Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Accurate estimation of snow mass is important for the characterization of the hydrological cycle at different space and time scales. For effective water resources management, accurate estimation of snow storage is needed. Conventionally, snow depth is measured at a point, and in order to monitor snow depth in a temporally and spatially comprehensive manner, optimum interpolation of the points is undertaken. Yet the spatial representation of point measurements at a basin or on a larger distance scale is uncertain. Spaceborne scanning sensors, which cover a wide swath and can provide rapid repeat global coverage, are ideally suited to augment the global snow information. Satellite-borne passive microwave sensors have been used to derive snow depth (SD) with some success. The uncertainties in point SD and areal SD of natural snowpacks need to be understood if comparisons are to be made between a point SD measurement and satellite SD. In this paper three issues are addressed relating satellite derivation of SD and ground measurements of SD in the northern Great Plains of the United States from 1988 to 1997. First, it is shown that in comparing samples of ground-measured point SD data with satellite-derived 25 ?? 25 km2 pixels of SD from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager, there are significant differences in yearly SD values even though the accumulated datasets showed similarities. Second, from variogram analysis, the spatial variability of SD from each dataset was comparable. Third, for a sampling grid cell domain of 1?? ?? 1?? in the study terrain, 10 distributed snow depth measurements per cell are required to produce a sampling error of 5 cm or better. This study has important implications for validating SD derivations from satellite microwave observations. ?? 2005 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM-405.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Chang, A., Kelly, R., Josberger, E., Armstrong, R., Foster, J., and Mognard, N.M., 2005, Analysis of ground-measured and passive-microwave-derived snow depth variations in midwinter across the Northern Great Plains: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 20-33, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-405.1.","startPage":"20","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477885,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00280305","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-405.1"},{"id":237404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb17e4b0c8380cd48bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, A.T.C.","contributorId":68035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"A.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, R.E.J.","contributorId":76521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstrong, R.L.","contributorId":43499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, J.L.","contributorId":16211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029114,"text":"70029114 - 2005 - The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","docAbstract":"This paper is the second of a set of two papers in which we study the inverse refraction problem. The first paper, \"Types of Geophysical Nonuniqueness through Minimization,\" studies and classifies the types of nonuniqueness that exist when solving inverse problems depending on the participation of a priori information required to obtain reliable solutions of inverse geophysical problems. In view of the classification developed, in this paper we study the type of nonuniqueness associated with the inverse refraction problem. An approach for obtaining a realistic solution to the inverse refraction problem is offered in a third paper that is in preparation. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined by using a simple three-layer model. Like many other inverse geophysical problems, the inverse refraction problem does not have a unique solution. Conventionally, nonuniqueness is considered to be a result of insufficient data and/or error in the data, for any fixed number of model parameters. This study illustrates that even for overdetermined and error free data, nonlinear inverse refraction problems exhibit exact-data nonuniqueness, which further complicates the problem of nonuniqueness. By evaluating the nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem, this paper targets the improvement of refraction inversion algorithms, and as a result, the achievement of more realistic solutions. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined initially by using a simple three-layer model. The observations and conclusions of the three-layer model nonuniqueness study are used to evaluate the nonuniqueness of more complicated n-layer models and multi-parameter cell models such as in refraction tomography. For any fixed number of model parameters, the inverse refraction problem exhibits continuous ranges of exact-data nonuniqueness. Such an unfavorable type of nonuniqueness can be uniquely solved only by providing abundant a priori information. Insufficient a priori information during the inversion is the reason why refraction methods often may not produce desired results or even fail. This work also demonstrates that the application of the smoothing constraints, typical when solving ill-posed inverse problems, has a dual and contradictory role when applied to the ill-posed inverse problem of refraction travel times. This observation indicates that smoothing constraints may play such a two-fold role when applied to other inverse problems. Other factors that contribute to inverse-refraction-problem nonuniqueness are also considered, including indeterminacy, statistical data-error distribution, numerical error and instability, finite data, and model parameters. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Steeples, D., 2005, The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 162, no. 3, p. 461-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0.","startPage":"461","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0"},{"id":237430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad5fe4b08c986b323b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steeples, D.","contributorId":30422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029275,"text":"70029275 - 2005 - Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:42:19","indexId":"70029275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection","docAbstract":"A hybrid finite element, integrated finite difference numerical model is developed for the simulation of double‐diffusive and multicomponent flow in two and three dimensions. The model is based on a multidimensional, density‐dependent, saturated‐unsaturated transport model (SUTRA), which uses one governing equation for fluid flow and another for solute transport. The solute‐transport equation is applied sequentially to each simulated species. Density coupling of the flow and solute‐transport equations is accounted for and handled using a sequential implicit Picard iterative scheme. High‐resolution data from a double‐diffusive Hele‐Shaw experiment, initially in a density‐stable configuration, is used to verify the numerical model. The temporal and spatial evolution of simulated double‐diffusive convection is in good agreement with experimental results. Numerical results are very sensitive to discretization and correspond closest to experimental results when element sizes adequately define the spatial resolution of observed fingering. Numerical results also indicate that differences in the molecular diffusivity of sodium chloride and the dye used to visualize experimental sodium chloride concentrations are significant and cause inaccurate mapping of sodium chloride concentrations by the dye, especially at late times. As a result of reduced diffusion, simulated dye fingers are better defined than simulated sodium chloride fingers and exhibit more vertical mass transfer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002777","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Sanford, W.E., and Vacher, H.L., 2005, Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 1, W01019; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002777.","productDescription":"W01019; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002777","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a690fe4b0c8380cd73b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027958,"text":"70027958 - 2005 - Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027958","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model","docAbstract":"The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) instrument on NASA's Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite provides for nine spectral bands at 30m ground sample distance (GSD) and a 10m GSD panchromatic band. This report describes an image sharpening technique where the higher spatial resolution information of the panchromatic band is used to increase the spatial resolution of ALI multispectral (MS) data. To preserve the spectral characteristics, this technique combines reported deconvolution deblurring methods for the MS data with highpass filter-based fusion methods for the Pan data. The deblurring process uses the point spread function (PSF) model of the ALI sensor. Information includes calculation of the PSF from pre-launch calibration data. Performance was evaluated using simulated ALI MS data generated by degrading the spatial resolution of high resolution IKONOS satellite MS data. A quantitative measure of performance was the error between sharpened MS data and high resolution reference. This report also compares performance with that of a reported method that includes PSF information. Preliminary results indicate improved sharpening with the method reported here.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Visual Information Processing XIV","conferenceDate":"29 March 2005 through 30 March 2005","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.604517","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 2005, Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5817, Orlando, FL, 29 March 2005 through 30 March 2005, p. 336-346, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604517.","startPage":"336","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.604517"}],"volume":"5817","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e51e4b08c986b31887c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.Reichenbach S.E.","contributorId":128448,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.Reichenbach S.E.","id":536634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029290,"text":"70029290 - 2005 - Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029290","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Calcite-rich soils (calcrete) in alluvium and colluvium at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA, contain pedogenic calcite and opaline silica similar to soils present elsewhere in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Nevertheless, a ground-water discharge origin for the Solitario Wash soil deposits was proposed in a series of publications proposing elevation-dependent variations of carbon and oxygen isotopes in calcrete samples. Discharge of ground water in the past would raise the possibility of future flooding in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository. New geochemical and carbon, oxygen, strontium, and uranium-series isotopic data disprove the presence of systematic elevation-isotopic composition relations, which are the main justification given for a proposed ground-water discharge origin of the calcrete deposits at Solitario Wash. Values of ??13C (-4.1 to -7.8 per mil [???]), ??18O (23.8-17.2???), 87Sr/ 86Sr (0.71270-0.71146), and initial 234U/238U activity ratios of about 1.6 in the new calcrete samples are within ranges previously observed in pedogenic carbonate deposits at Yucca Mountain and are incompatible with a ground-water origin for the calcrete. Variations in carbon and oxygen isotopes in Solitario Wash calcrete likely are caused by pedogenic deposition from meteoric water under varying Quaternary climatic conditions over hundreds of thousands of years. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-005-1260-z","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Paces, J., Marshall, B., Peterman, Z.E., and Whelan, J.F., 2005, Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 48, no. 4-5, p. 450-465, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1260-z.","startPage":"450","endPage":"465","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1260-z"},{"id":237876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15b8e4b0c8380cd54f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029298,"text":"70029298 - 2005 - Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T12:56:51","indexId":"70029298","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data","docAbstract":"Urban development has expanded rapidly in the Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida over the past century. A major effect associated with this population trend is transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly impervious urban land. This research utilizes an innovative approach for mapping urban extent and its changes through determining impervious surfaces from Landsat satellite remote sensing data. By 2002, areas with subpixel impervious surface greater than 10% accounted for approximately 1800 km2, or 27 percent of the total watershed area. The impervious surface area increases approximately three-fold from 1991 to 2002. The resulting imperviousness data are used with a defined suite of geospatial data sets to simulate historical urban development and predict future urban and suburban extent, density, and growth patterns using SLEUTH model. Also examined is the increasingly important influence that urbanization and its associated imperviousness extent have on the individual drainage basins of the Tampa Bay watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.017","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., and Crane, M., 2005, Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 97, no. 2, p. 203-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.017"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee89e4b0c8380cd49de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, M.","contributorId":86957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027643,"text":"70027643 - 2005 - Controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027643","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies","docAbstract":"Increased use of stable isotope analysis to examine food-web dynamics, migration, transfer of nutrients, and behavior will likely result in expansion of stable isotope studies investigating human-induced global changes. Recent elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration, related primarily to fossil fuel combustion, has reduced atmospheric CO2 ??13C (13C/12C), and this change in isotopic baseline has, in turn, reduced plant and animal tissue ??13C of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Such depletion in CO2 ??13C and its effects on tissue ??13C may introduce bias into ??13C investigations, and if this variation is not controlled, may confound interpretation of results obtained from tissue samples collected over a temporal span. To control for this source of variation, we used a high-precision record of atmospheric CO2 ??13C from ice cores and direct atmospheric measurements to model modern change in CO2 ??13C. From this model, we estimated a correction factor that controls for atmospheric change; this correction reduces bias associated with changes in atmospheric isotopic baseline and facilitates comparison of tissue ??13C collected over multiple years. To exemplify the importance of accounting for atmospheric CO2 ??13C depletion, we applied the correction to a dataset of collagen ??13C obtained from mountain lion (Puma concolor) bone samples collected in California between 1893 and 1995. Before correction, in three of four ecoregions collagen ??13C decreased significantly concurrent with depletion of atmospheric CO2 ??13C (n ??? 32, P ??? 0.01). Application of the correction to collagen ??13C data removed trends from regions demonstrating significant declines, and measurement error associated with the correction did not add substantial variation to adjusted estimates. Controlling for long-term atmospheric variation and correcting tissue samples for changes in isotopic baseline facilitate analysis of samples that span a large temporal range. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0181-6","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Long, E., Sweitzer, R., Diefenbach, D., and Ben-David, M., 2005, Controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies: Oecologia, v. 146, no. 1, p. 148-156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0181-6.","startPage":"148","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0181-6"},{"id":237989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcae4b0c8380cd4df72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, E.S.","contributorId":85305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweitzer, R.A.","contributorId":104698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweitzer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027810,"text":"70027810 - 2005 - Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027810","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics","docAbstract":"The inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material (NOM) in solutions seeded with calcite was investigated using a pH-stat system. Experiments were carried out using three NOMs with different physical/chemical properties. For each of the materials, inhibition was found to be more effective at lower carbonate/calcium ratios and lower pH values. The reduction in the precipitation rate could be explained by a Langmuir adsorption model using a conditional equilibrium constant. By identification of the type of site on the NOM molecules that is involved in the adsorption reaction, the \"conditional\" equilibrium constants obtained at different solution compositions converged to a single \"nonconditional\" value. The thermodynamic data determined at 25??C and 1 atm suggest that the interaction between NOM molecules and the calcite surface is chemisorptive in nature and that adsorption is an endothermic reaction driven by the entropy change. The greatest degree of inhibition was observed for the NOM with the highest molecular weight and aromatic carbon content. For a given type of NOM, the degree of inhibition of calcite precipitation was dictated by the balance between the enthalpy change and the entropy change of the adsorption reaction. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es050470z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lin, Y., Singer, P., and Aiken, G., 2005, Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 17, p. 6420-6428, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050470z.","startPage":"6420","endPage":"6428","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050470z"},{"id":238284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bd6e4b0c8380cd62872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Y.-P.","contributorId":62822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, P.C.","contributorId":80424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028231,"text":"70028231 - 2005 - A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-06T10:24:44","indexId":"70028231","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time","docAbstract":"Satellite data offer unrivaled utility in monitoring and quantifying large scale land cover change over time. Radiometric consistency among collocated multi-temporal imagery is difficult to maintain, however, due to variations in sensor characteristics, atmospheric conditions, solar angle, and sensor view angle that can obscure surface change detection. To detect accurate landscape change using multi-temporal images, we developed a variation of the pseudoinvariant feature (PIF) normalization scheme: the temporally invariant cluster (TIC) method. Image data were acquired on June 9, 1990 (Landsat 4), June 20, 2000 (Landsat 7), and August 26, 2001 (Landsat 7) to analyze boreal forests near the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and reduced simple ratio (RSR). The temporally invariant cluster (TIC) centers were identified via a point density map of collocated pixel VIs from the base image and the target image, and a normalization regression line was created to intersect all TIC centers. Target image VI values were then recalculated using the regression function so that these two images could be compared using the resulting common radiometric scale. We found that EVI was very indicative of vegetation structure because of its sensitivity to shadowing effects and could thus be used to separate conifer forests from deciduous forests and grass/crop lands. Conversely, because NDVI reduced the radiometric influence of shadow, it did not allow for distinctions among these vegetation types. After normalization, correlations of NDVI and EVI with forest leaf area index (LAI) field measurements combined for 2000 and 2001 were significantly improved; the r 2 values in these regressions rose from 0.49 to 0.69 and from 0.46 to 0.61, respectively. An EVI \"cancellation effect\" where EVI was positively related to understory greenness but negatively related to forest canopy coverage was evident across a post fire chronosequence with normalized data. These findings indicate that the TIC method provides a simple, effective and repeatable method to create radiometrically comparable data sets for remote detection of landscape change. Compared to some previous relative radiometric normalization methods, this new method does not require high level programming and statistical skills, yet remains sensitive to landscape changes occurring over seasonal and inter-annual time scales. In addition, the TIC method maintains sensitivity to subtle changes in vegetation phenology and enables normalization even when invariant features are rare. While this normalization method allowed detection of a range of land use, land cover, and phenological/biophysical changes in the Siberian boreal forest region studied here, it is necessary to further examine images representing a wide variety of ecoregions to thoroughly evaluate the TIC method against other normalization schemes. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Vierling, L., and Deering, D., 2005, A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 98, no. 1, p. 63-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021.","startPage":"63","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58be4b0c8380cd46df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, X.","contributorId":76527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vierling, Lee","contributorId":17022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vierling","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deering, D.","contributorId":69352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deering","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027807,"text":"70027807 - 2005 - Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027807","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina","docAbstract":"We estimated survival, fertility, and realized and asymptotic population growth rates from 1981 to 2002 for a protected population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We used Akaike's information criterion to assess the time interval for averaging observations that was best for estimating vital rates for our study, given our yearly sample sizes. The temporal symmetry approach allowed us to directly assess population growth and to address all losses and gains to the population by using only capture data, offering an alternative to the logistically intensive collection of reproductive data. Models that averaged survival and fertility across 5- and 7-year time intervals were best supported by our data. Studies of black bear populations with annual sample sizes similar to ours should be of at least 5 years in duration to estimate vital rates reliably, and at least 10 years in duration to evaluate changes in population growth rate (??). We also hypothesized that survival would not track changes in ?? because ?? is influenced by both survival and fertility. The 5-year model supported our hypothesis, but the 7-year model did not. Where long-term dynamics of large, relatively stable bear populations are of interest, monitoring survival is likely to be sufficient for evaluating trends in ??. For rapidly changing, small populations, however, failure to incorporate fertility into assessments of ?? could be misleading. ?? 2005 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Brongo, L., Mitchell, M., and Grand, J., 2005, Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 86, no. 5, p. 1029-1035, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4976e4b0c8380cd68612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brongo, L.L.","contributorId":100604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brongo","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}