Migratory birds face many changes to the landscapes they traverse and the habitats they use. Wind turbines and communications towers, which pose hazards to birds and bats in flight, are being erected or proposed across the United States and offshore. Human activities can also destroy or threaten habitats critical to birds during migratory passage, and climate change appears to be altering migratory patterns. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and other agencies are under increasing pressure to identify and evaluate movement patterns and habitats used during migration and other times.
\nFew tools for deciphering migratory travels exist, but radar-based studies of movements and habitat use patterns in songbirds, waterfowl, and bats hold promise. The U.S. system of over 150 Doppler weather radars provides continental coverage, similar to the scale of bird migration. Although data stored from weather radar represent perhaps the second largest biological data archive in the world, use of those data is currently limited to technically savvy biologists who can handle the obscure data formats. Complementary mobile radar units and thermal and acoustic monitoring are also used in site-specific studies. Efforts to advance bird conservation and management through the use of radar arose independently in several USFWS/USGS collaborations. Recently, this coalition of scientists and resource managers identified the need to work together more closely to foster radar-related research and software development.
\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at Fort Collins Science Center, National Wetlands Research Center, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, as well as USFWS Migratory Bird biologists across the country, are collaborating with university partners to develop a suite of products for managers. The goals are to identify migratory pathways and stopover sites for conservation, mitigation, and landscape planning; convey the importance of functional landscapes and unobstructed airspaces for migrating wildlife; enable use of radar by the wider biological, wind power, and related communities; and simplify the analysis of radar data. The long term focus is to use radar technologies to better understand movement patterns and habitat associations of migratory birds and other wildlife. Land managers and industry may use the knowledge and tools developed to optimize the siting of energy projects, other facilities, and migratory bird habitat projects.
\nThe complementary endeavors, not all of which are funded, concentrate on four fundamentals: (1) develop software, in collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists, that enables biologists to access unfiltered weather data and integrate it into standard geographic information systems; (2) develop artificial intelligence-based filters that separate bird from nonbird radar echoes; (3) determine characteristics of bird migration in terms of altitude, speed and direction, daily movements, seasonality, and associations with habitats and landforms; and (4) examine specific movement patterns in relation to towers, wind generation facilities, and tall obstructions.
\nMany technical issues make this work difficult, including complex data structures, massive data sets, digital recognition of birds, large areas not covered by weather radar, and model validation; however, progress will only be furthered by tackling the challenge. The new coalition will meets its goals by: (1) facilitating a productive collaboration with NOAA, Department of the Interior bureaus, state wildlife agencies, universities, power companies, and other potential partners; (2) building and strengthening scientific capabilities within USGS; (3) addressing key migratory bird management issues; and (4) ensuring full funding for the collaborative effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051173","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Barrow, W., Sojda, R.S., Dawson, D.K., Diehl, R.H., Manville, A., Green, M.T., Krueper, D.J., and Johnston, S., 2005, Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1173, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051173.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051173.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manville, Albert","contributorId":65558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manville","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Michael T.","contributorId":55097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueper, David J.","contributorId":103752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, Scott","contributorId":86864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70455,"text":"fs20053021 - 2005 - Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T13:41:28","indexId":"fs20053021","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3021","title":"Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","docAbstract":"Indicators are routinely used to report the status and trends of human health, economy, educational achievement, and quality of life. Some environmental indicators, such as for water and air quality, are routinely reported and used to inform personal, management, or policy decisions. Other environmental indicators, particularly those that do not relate directly to human well-being, have been harder to define, interpret, or use. These indicators may be just as useful and important in describing the ability to provide ecosystem good and services, or less tangible quality of life measures, but they may be suspect because of the quality of data or even the source of the information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053021","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2005, Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053021.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3021.jpg"},{"id":320269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85665,"text":"85665 - 2005 - Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:15:20","indexId":"85665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos","docAbstract":"Amphibians generally are prolific egg producers. In tropical and semi-tropical regions, deposition of eggs may occur year-round or may coincide with rainy seasons, while in temperate regions, deposition of eggs usually occurs immediately after emergence from hibernation. Numbers of eggs produced by each species may vary from a few dozen to thousands. Accordingly, some eggs may be infertile and wastage of embryos is to be expected.\r\nFertility, viability and decomposition of eggs and embryos must be considered before it is assumed that diseases are present. An important consideration in the evaluation of egg masses is the fact that some will contain infertile and non-viable eggs. These infertile and nonviable eggs will undergo decomposition and they may appear similar to eggs that are infected by a pathogen. Evaluation of egg masses and embryos for the presence of disease may require repeated observations in a given breeding season as well as continued monitoring of egg masses during their growth and development and over successive breeding seasons. Amphibian eggs rarely are subjected to a comprehensive health (diagnostic) examination; hence, there is scant literature on the diseases of this life stage. Indeed, the eggs of some North American amphibians have yet to be described. Much basic physiology and normal biomedical baseline data on amphibian eggs is lacking. For example, it is known that the aquatic eggs of some species of shrimp quickly are coated by a protective and commensal bacterium that effectively impedes invasion of the eggs by other environmental organisms and potential pathogens. In the absence of this bacterium, shrimp eggs are rapidly killed by other bacteria and fungi (Green, 2001). The possibility that amphibian eggs also have important symbiotic or commensal bacteria needs to be investigated. Furthermore, the quantity and types of chemicals in the normal gelatinous capsules of amphibian eggs have scarcely been examined. Abnormalities of the female oviduct, either due to infectious disease, nutritional status, hormonal imbalances, or sublethal intoxications, could affect the quality of secreted gelatinous capsules on eggs, thus rendering an egg mass susceptible to other stressors. Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos presented in this chapter are\r\nLucke frog herpesvirus\r\nRanavirus (iridovirus) infection\r\nBacteria\r\nWatermold infection (saprolegniasis)\r\nAlgae\r\nMicrosporidia","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Converse, K.A., 2005, Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos, chap. 6 of Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology., p. 62-71.","productDescription":"p. 62-71","startPage":"62","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4494.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493de","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008401,"text":"1008401 - 2005 - Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T13:15:43","indexId":"1008401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2203,"text":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","docAbstract":"Fifty-four right whale mortalities have been reported from between Florida, USA and the Canadian Maritimes from 1970 to 2002. Thirty of those animals were examined: 18 adults and juveniles, and 12 calves. Morphometric data are presented such that prediction of body weight is possible if the age, or one or more measurements are known. Calves grew approximately linearly in their first year. Total length and fluke width increased asymptotically to a plateau with age, weight increased linearly with age, weight and snout to blowhole distance increased exponentially with total length, whereas total length was linearly related to fluke width and flipper length. Among the adults and juveniles examined in this study, human interaction appeared to be a major cause of mortality, where in 14/18 necropsies, trauma was a significant finding. In 10/14 of these, the cause of the trauma was presumed to be vessel collision. Entanglement in fishing gear accounted for the remaining four cases. Trauma was also present in 4/12 calves. In the majority of calf mortalities (8/12) the cause of death was not determined. Sharp ship trauma included propeller lacerations inducing multiple, deep lacerations that often incised vital organs including the brain, spinal cord, major airways, vessels and musculature. Blunt ship trauma resulted in major internal bruising and fractures often without any obvious external damage. In at least two cases fatal gear entanglements were extremely protracted: where the entanglements took at least 100 and 163 days respectively to be finally lethal. The sum of these findings show two major needs: (1) that extinction avoidance management strategies focused on reducing trauma to right whales from ship collisions and fishing gear entanglement are highly appropriate and need to be continued and; (2) that as mitigation measures continue to be introduced into shipping and fishing industry practices, there is a strong effort to maximise the diagnostic quality of post-mortem examination of right whale mortalities, to ensure an optimal understanding of resultant trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Knowlton, A., Kraus, S., McLellan, W., and Bonde, R., 2005, Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002): Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, v. 6, no. 3, p. 199-214.","startPage":"199","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268029,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.whoi.edu/people/mmoore/JNL_234.pdf"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.J.","contributorId":27000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, A.R.","contributorId":88301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, S.D.","contributorId":16373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLellan, W.A.","contributorId":94246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLellan","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028783,"text":"70028783 - 2005 - Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028783","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotope data were obtained for the active gas and noble gas of inclusion fluids in coarse-grained samples of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite from well-studied deposits (Marysvale, Utah; Tambo, Chile; Tapajo??s, Brazil; Cactus, California; Pierina, Peru), most of which are discussed in this Volume. Primary fluid inclusions in the alunite typically are less than 0.2 ??m but range up to several micrometers. Analyses of the active-gas composition of these alunite-hosted inclusion fluids released in vacuo by both crushing and heating indicate consistent differences in the compositions of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam fluids. The compositions of fluids released by crushing were influenced by contributions from significant populations of secondary inclusions that trapped largely postdepositional hydrothermal fluids. Thermally released fluids gave the best representation of the fluids that formed primary alunite. The data are consistent with current models for the evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam fluids. Magmatic-steam fluids are vapor-dominant, average about 49 mol% H2O, and contain N2, H2, CH4, CO, Ar, He, HF, and HCl, with SO2 the dominant sulfur gas (average SO2/ H2S=202). In contrast, magmatic-hydrothermal fluids are liquid-dominant, average about 88 mol% H2O, and N2, H2, CO2, and HF, with H2S about as abundant as SO2 (average SO2/H2 S=0.7). The low SO2/H2S and N2/Ar ratios, and the near-absence of He in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, are consistent with their derivation from degassed condensed magmatic fluids whose evolution from reduced-to-oxidized aqueous sulfur species was governed first by rock and then by fluid buffers. The high SO2/H2S and N2/Ar with significant concentrations of He in magmatic-steam fluids are consistent with derivation directly from a magma. None of the data supports the entrainment of atmospheric gases or mixing of air-saturated gases in meteoric water in either magmatic-hydrothermal or magmatic-steam fluids. Thus, the oxidation of SO2 to aqueous sulfate in the magmatic-steam fluids did not result from mixing with atmospheric oxygen. Both of the fluid types are characterized by high H2 contents that range from 0.2 mol% to the extraordinarily large amounts (66 mol%) observed in some magmatic-steam fluids. Modeling of gas speciation using SOLVGAS requires most of the gas species to have been in disequilibrium at the time of their trapping in the fluid inclusions. The origin of such extreme H2 concentrations, although problematic, is thought to be largely related to accumulation of H2 from the reaction of water with ferrous iron during the rise of magma and probably even after exsolution of fluid from a magma. The large contents of reduced gases in the inclusion fluids are far in excess of those observed in volcanic emanations, and are thought to reflect the close \"sampling position\" of the host alunite relative to the location of the magma. Isotope ratios of He and Ne indicate largely crustal sources for these gases in the alunite parental fluids derived from Tertiary magmas, but a greater mantle component for the gases in alunite parental fluids derived from Proterozoic magmas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.037","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 155-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.037.","startPage":"155","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.037"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c9e4b0c8380cd4befe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, G. P.","contributorId":102846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008345,"text":"1008345 - 2005 - Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:38:05","indexId":"1008345","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","docAbstract":"Abstract. Question: Do rectangular sample plots record more plant species than square plots as suggested by both empirical and theoretical studies?
Location: Grasslands, shrublands and forests in the Mediterranean-climate region of California, USA.
Methods: We compared three 0.1-ha sampling designs that differed in the shape and dispersion of 1-m2 and 100-m2 nested subplots. We duplicated an earlier study that compared the Whittaker sample design, which had square clustered subplots, with the modified Whittaker design, which had dispersed rectangular subplots. To sort out effects of dispersion from shape we used a third design that overlaid square subplots on the modified Whittaker design. Also, using data from published studies we extracted species richness values for 400-m2 subplots that were either square or 1:4 rectangles partially overlaid on each other from desert scrub in high and low rainfall years, chaparral, sage scrub, oak savanna and coniferous forests with and without fire.
Results: We found that earlier empirical reports of more than 30% greater richness with rectangles were due to the confusion of shape effects with spatial effects, coupled with the use of cumulative number of species as the metric for comparison. Average species richness was not significantly different between square and 1:4 rectangular sample plots at either 1- or 100-m2. Pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between square and rectangular samples in all but one vegetation type, and that one exhibited significantly greater richness with squares. Our three intensive study sites appear to exhibit some level of self-similarity at the scale of 400 m2, but, contrary to theoretical expectations, we could not detect plot shape effects on species richness at this scale.
Conclusions: At the 0.1-ha scale or lower there is no evidence that plot shape has predictable effects on number of species recorded from sample plots. We hypothesize that for the mediterranean-climate vegetation types studied here, the primary reason that 1:4 rectangles do not sample greater species richness than squares is because species turnover varies along complex environmental gradients that are both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of rectangular plots. Reports in the literature of much greater species richness recorded for highly elongated rectangular strips than for squares of the same area are not likely to be fair comparisons because of the dramatically different periphery/area ratio, which includes a much greater proportion of species that are using both above and below-ground niche space outside the sample area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027302,"text":"70027302 - 2005 - DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:42:40.515021","indexId":"70027302","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica","docAbstract":"Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets preserve more than 77% of the global fresh water and could raise global sea level by several meters if completely melted. Ocean tides near and under ice shelves shifts the grounding line position significantly and are one of current limitations to study glacier dynamics and mass balance. The Sulzberger ice shelf is an area of ice mass flux change in West Antarctica and has not yet been well studied. In this study, we use repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data from the ERS-1 and ERS-2 tandem missions for generation of a high-resolution (60-m) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) including tidal deformation detection and ice stream velocity of the Sulzberger Ice Shelf. Other satellite data such as laser altimeter measurements with fine foot-prints (70-m) from NASA's ICESat are used for validation and analyses. The resulting DEM has an accuracy of-0.57??5.88 m and is demonstrated to be useful for grounding line detection and ice mass balance studies. The deformation observed by InSAR is found to be primarily due to ocean tides and atmospheric pressure. The 2-D ice stream velocities computed agree qualitatively with previous methods on part of the Ice Shelf from passive microwave remote-sensing data (i.e., LANDSAT). ?? 2005 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2005","conferenceDate":"Jul 25-29, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Seoul, south Korea","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1525630","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Shum, C., Lee, H., Yi, Y., Kwoun, O., Lu, Z., and Braun, A., 2005, DEM, tide and velocity over sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) proceedings, v. 4, Seoul, south Korea, Jul 25-29, 2005, p. 2726-2728, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1525630.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2726","endPage":"2728","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Sulzberger Ice Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -77.65299700291865\n ],\n [\n -151.094970703125,\n -77.65299700291865\n ],\n [\n -151.094970703125,\n -76.92309950187344\n ],\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -76.92309950187344\n ],\n [\n -154.105224609375,\n -77.65299700291865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd40e4b0c8380cd4e6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yi, Y.","contributorId":79274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Braun, Andreas","contributorId":80877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70142630,"text":"70142630 - 2005 - Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T15:52:20","indexId":"70142630","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000","docAbstract":"In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970–2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developed land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of land-cover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoration.
We present an updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions (SCRs; i.e. intraplate earthquakes) that is available on the Internet. Our database contains information on location, magnitude, seismic moment and focal mechanisms for over 1300 M (moment magnitude) ≥ 4.5 historic and instrumentally recorded crustal events. Using this updated earthquake database in combination with a recently published global catalogue of rifts, we assess the correlation of intraplate seismicity with ancient rifts on a global scale. Each tectonic event is put into one of five categories based on location: (i) interior rifts/taphrogens, (ii) rifted continental margins, (iii) non-rifted crust, (iv) possible interior rifts and (v) possible rifted margins. We find that approximately 27 per cent of all events are classified as interior rifts (i), 25 per cent are rifted continental margins (ii), 36 per cent are within non-rifted crust (iii) and 12 per cent (iv and v) remain uncertain. Thus, over half (52 per cent) of all events are associated with rifted crust, although within the continental interiors (i.e. away from continental margins), non-rifted crust has experienced more earthquakes than interior rifts. No major change in distribution is found if only large (M ≥ 6.0) earthquakes are considered. The largest events (M ≥ 7.0) however, have occurred predominantly within rifts (50 per cent) and continental margins (43 per cent). Intraplate seismicity is not distributed evenly. Instead several zones of concentrated seismicity seem to exist. This is especially true for interior rifts/taphrogens, where a total of only 12 regions are responsible for 74 per cent of all events and as much as 98 per cent of all seismic moment released in that category. Of the four rifts/taphrogens that have experienced the largest earthquakes, seismicity within the Kutch rift, India, and the East China rift system, may be controlled by diffuse plate boundary deformation more than by the presence of the ancient rifts themselves. The St. Lawrence depression, Canada, besides being an ancient rift, is also the site of a major collisional suture. Thus only at the Reelfoot rift (New Madrid seismic zone, NMSZ, USA), is the presence of features associated with rifting itself the sole candidate for causing seismicity. Our results suggest that on a global scale, the correlation of seismicity within SCRs and ancient rifts has been overestimated in the past. Because the majority of models used to explain intraplate seismicity have focused on seismicity within rifts, we conclude that a shift in attention more towards non-rifted as well as rifted crust is in order.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Schulte, S., and Mooney, W.D., 2005, An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: Reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts: Geophysical Journal International, v. 161, no. 3, p. 707-721, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02554.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"161","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab5e4b0c8380cd48a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, S.M.","contributorId":22568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027712,"text":"70027712 - 2005 - Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027712","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States","docAbstract":"This report presents data from one of the largest standardized stream surveys conducted in he western United States, which shows that one of every four individual fish in streams of 12 western states are nonnative. The states surveyed included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The most widely distributed and abundant nonnative fishes in the western USA were brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, common carp Cyprinus carpio, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, yellow perch Percaflavescens, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis, cutthroat trout O. clarkii, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis. The greatest abundance and distribution of nonnative fishes was in interior states, and the most common nonnatives were introduced for angling. Nonnative fishes were widespread in pristine to highly disturbed streams influenced by all types of land use practices. We present ranges in water temperature, flow, stream order, riparian cover, human disturbance, and other environmental conditions where the 10 most common introduced species were found. Of the total western U.S. stream length bearing fish, 50.1% contained nonnative fishes while 17.9% contained physical environment that was ranked highly or moderately disturbed by humans. Introduced fishes can adversely affect stream communities, and they are much more widespread in western U.S. streams than habitat destruction. The widespread distribution and high relative abundance of nonnative fishes and their documented negative effects suggest their management and control should elicit at least as much attention as habitat preservation in the protection of native western U.S. stream biota. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-037.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schade, C., and Bonar, S.A., 2005, Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 4, p. 1386-1394, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-037.1.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1394","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477880,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m05-037.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-037.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a026ee4b0c8380cd50049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schade, C.B.","contributorId":82119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schade","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027416,"text":"70027416 - 2005 - Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027416","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon","docAbstract":"Solar-band imagery from geostationary meteorological satellites has been utilized in a number of important applications in Earth Science that require radiometric calibration. Because these satellite systems typically lack on-board calibrators, various techniques have been employed to establish \"ground truth\", including observations of stable ground sites and oceans, and cross-calibrating with coincident observations made by instruments with on-board calibration systems. The Moon appears regularly in the margins and corners of full-disk operational images of the Earth acquired by meteorological instruments with a rectangular field of regard, typically several times each month, which provides an excellent opportunity for radiometric calibration. The USGS RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed the capability for on-orbit calibration using the Moon via a model for lunar spectral irradiance that accommodates the geometries of illumination and viewing by a spacecraft. The ROLO model has been used to determine on-orbit response characteristics for several NASA EOS instruments in low Earth orbit. Relative response trending with precision approaching 0.1% per year has been achieved for SeaWiFS as a result of the long time-series of lunar observations collected by that instrument. The method has a demonstrated capability for cross-calibration of different instruments that have viewed the Moon. The Moon appears skewed in high-resolution meteorological images, primarily due to satellite orbital motion during acquisition; however, the geometric correction for this is straightforward. By integrating the lunar disk image to an equivalent irradiance, and using knowledge of the sensor's spectral response, a calibration can be developed through comparison against the ROLO lunar model. The inherent stability of the lunar surface means that lunar calibration can be applied to observations made at any time, including retroactively. Archived geostationary imager data that contains the Moon can be used to develop response histories for these instruments, regardless of their current operational status.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems X","conferenceDate":"31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.620097","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., Kieffer, H.H., and Grant, I., 2005, Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5882, San Diego, CA, 31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620097.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.620097"}],"volume":"5882","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f07e4b0c8380cd7a8a2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Butler J.J.","contributorId":128408,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Butler J.J.","id":536616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, I.F.","contributorId":22140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"I.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027983,"text":"70027983 - 2005 - Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil spill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:16:47","indexId":"70027983","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil spill site","docAbstract":"Soil moisture data collected using an automated data logging system were used to estimate ground water recharge at a crude oil spill research site near Bemidji, Minnesota. Three different soil moisture probes were tested in the laboratory as well as the field conditions of limited power supply and extreme weather typical of northern Minnesota: a self‐contained reflectometer probe, and two time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes, 30 and 50 cm long. Recharge was estimated using an unsaturated zone water balance method. Recharge estimates for 1999 using the laboratory calibrations were 13 to 30 percent greater than estimates based on the factory calibrations. Recharge indicated by the self‐contained probes was 170 percent to 210 percent greater than the estimates for the TDR probes regardless of calibration method. Results indicate that the anomalously large recharge estimates for the self‐contained probes are not the result of inaccurate measurements of volumetric moisture content, but result from the presence of crude oil, or borehole leakage. Of the probes tested, the 50 cm long TDR probe yielded recharge estimates that compared most favorably to estimates based on a method utilizing water table fluctuations. Recharge rates for this probe represented 24 to 27 percent of 1999 precipitation. Recharge based on the 30 cm long horizontal TDR probes was 29 to 37 percent of 1999 precipitation. By comparison, recharge based on the water table fluctuation method represented about 29 percent of precipitation.
Lake Umbagog is a newly established Refuge (in 1993) with an increasing visitation. Current visitation numbers are around 55,000 visits/year. Though limited visitor services are currently offered, additional services will be proposed in the CCP. The purpose of this survey is to assess interested publics' and stakeholders' satisfaction with existing visitor conditions and experiences on the Refuge and the preferences for proposed changes to the Refuge affecting visitation. An additional purpose is to gauge customers' understanding and knowledge regarding the Refuge so that future communications with stakeholders regarding proposed changes can be most effective. Appendix A of this report includes the survey instrument. Appendix B includes the summary data for all of the questions in the survey, in the order that they appear in the survey. For the most part, that information is not repeated in the body of the report, which focuses on the meaning of more in-depth analyses of the survey data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051378","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Stewart, S., Koontz, L., and Wundrock, K.D., 2005, Stakeholder survey results for Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1378, Report: 115 p.; Executive Summary: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051378.","productDescription":"Report: 115 p.; Executive Summary: 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051378.PNG"},{"id":320258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1378/summary.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":320257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wundrock, Katherine D.","contributorId":29083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wundrock","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027778,"text":"70027778 - 2005 - Mapping and improving frequency, accuracy, and interpretation of land cover change: Classifying coastal Louisiana with 1990, 1993, 1996, and 1999 Landsat Thematic Mapper image data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70027778","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping and improving frequency, accuracy, and interpretation of land cover change: Classifying coastal Louisiana with 1990, 1993, 1996, and 1999 Landsat Thematic Mapper image data","docAbstract":"Landsat Thematic Mapper images and collateral data sources were used to classify the land cover of the Mermentau River Basin within the chenier coastal plain and the adjacent uplands of Louisiana, USA. Landcover classes followed that of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Change Analysis Program; however, classification methods needed to be developed to meet these national standards. Our first classification was limited to the Mermentau River Basin (MRB) in southcentral Louisiana, and the years of 1990, 1993, and 1996. To overcome problems due to class spectral inseparable, spatial and spectra continuums, mixed landcovers, and abnormal transitions, we separated the coastal area into regions of commonality and applying masks to specific land mixtures. Over the three years and 14 landcover classes (aggregating the cultivated land and grassland, and water and floating vegetation classes), overall accuracies ranged from 82% to 90%. To enhance landcover change interpretation, three indicators were introduced as Location Stability, Residence stability, and Turnover. Implementing methods substantiated in the multiple date MRB classification, we spatially extended the classification to the entire Louisiana coast and temporally extended the original 1990, 1993, 1996 classifications to 1999 (Figure 1). We also advanced the operational functionality of the classification and increased the credibility of change detection results. Increased operational functionality that resulted in diminished user input was for the most part gained by implementing a classification logic based on forbidden transitions. The logic detected and corrected misclassifications and mostly alleviated the necessity of subregion separation prior to the classification. The new methods provided an improved ability for more timely detection and response to landcover impact. ?? 2005 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images 2005","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images 2005","conferenceDate":"16 May 2005 through 18 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Biloxi, MS","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469881","isbn":"0780391187; 9780780391185","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G., Ramsey, E., and Rangoonwala, A., 2005, Mapping and improving frequency, accuracy, and interpretation of land cover change: Classifying coastal Louisiana with 1990, 1993, 1996, and 1999 Landsat Thematic Mapper image data, in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images 2005, v. 2005, Biloxi, MS, 16 May 2005 through 18 May 2005, p. 241-243, https://doi.org/10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469881.","startPage":"241","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469881"},{"id":238395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a504ee4b0c8380cd6b5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, G.","contributorId":101072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rangoonwala, A. 0000-0002-0556-0598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":95248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027905,"text":"70027905 - 2005 - Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027905","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the lake. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"An, Y., Kampbell, D., Jeong, S., Jewell, K., and Masoner, J., 2005, Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality: Science of the Total Environment, v. 348, no. 1-3, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072"},{"id":238183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bde4b0c8380cd6168d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"An, Y.-J.","contributorId":31184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"An","given":"Y.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kampbell, D.H.","contributorId":58823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kampbell","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeong, S.-W.","contributorId":58833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeong","given":"S.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jewell, K.P.","contributorId":65648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewell","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027707,"text":"70027707 - 2005 - Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027707","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA","docAbstract":"Landscape structure influences the abundance and distribution of many species, including pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Black-tailed prairie dogs in the western USA have declined precipitously over the past 100 years, most recently due to grassland conversion and their susceptibility to sylvatic plague. We assembled and analyzed two long-term data sets on plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs to explore the hypotheses that plague occurrence is associated with colony characteristics and landscape context. Our two study areas (Boulder County, Colorado, and Phillips County, Montana) differed markedly in degree of urbanization and other landscape characteristics. In both study areas, we found associations between plague occurrence and landscape and colony characteristics such as the amount of roads, streams and lakes surrounding a prairie dog colony, the area covered by the colony and its neighbors, and the distance to the nearest plague-positive colony. Logistic regression models were similar between the two study areas, with the best models predicting positive effects of proximity to plague-positive colonies and negative effects of road, stream and lake cover on plague occurrence. Taken together, these results suggest that roads, streams and lakes may serve as barriers to plague in black-tailed prairie dog colonies by affecting movement of or habitat quality for plague hosts or for fleas that serve as vectors for the pathogen. The similarity in plague correlates between urban and rural study areas suggests that the correlates of plague are not altered by uniquely urban stressors. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Collinge, S., Johnson, W., Ray, C., Matchett, R., Grensten, J., Cully, J., Gage, K., Kosoy, M., Loye, J., and Martin, A., 2005, Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 941-955, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5.","startPage":"941","endPage":"955","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441ee4b0c8380cd66893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collinge, S.K.","contributorId":58832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collinge","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, R.","contributorId":92482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grensten, J.","contributorId":29196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grensten","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cully, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":51041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gage, K.L.","contributorId":107653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gage","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loye, J.E.","contributorId":9056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loye","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Martin, A.P.","contributorId":12257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70027415,"text":"70027415 - 2005 - Drill hole logging with infrared spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70027415","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Drill hole logging with infrared spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify rocks and minerals for over 40 years. The technique is sensitive to primary silicates as well as alteration products. Minerals can be uniquely identified based on multiple absorption features at wavelengths from the visible to the thermal infrared. We are currently establishing methods and protocols in order to use the technique for rapid assessment of downhole lithology on samples obtained during drilling operations. Initial work performed includes spectral analysis of chip cuttings and core sections from drill sites around Desert Peak, NV. In this paper, we report on a survey of 10,000 feet of drill cuttings, at 100 foot intervals, from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). Data from Blue Mountain geothermal wells will also be acquired. We will describe the utility of the technique for rapid assessment of lithologic and mineralogic discrimination.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2005 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Solum, J., 2005, Drill hole logging with infrared spectroscopy, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 29, Reno, NV, 25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005, p. 565-568.","startPage":"565","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03dde4b0c8380cd506ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solum, J.G.","contributorId":79280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027763,"text":"70027763 - 2005 - The evolution of fledging age in songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027763","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2273,"text":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of fledging age in songbirds","docAbstract":"In birds with altricial young an important stage in the life history is the age at fledging. In this paper we use an approach proven successful in the prediction of the optimal age at maturity in fish and reptiles to predict the optimal age of fledging in passerines. Integrating the effects of growth on future fecundity and survival leads to the prediction that the optimal age at fledging is given by a function that comprises survival to maturity, the exponent of the fecundity-body size relationship and nestling growth. Growth is described by the logistic equation with parameters, A, K and ti. Assuming that the transitional mortality curve can be approximated by the nestling mortality, Mn, the optimal fledging age, tf, is given by a simple formula involving the three growth parameters, nestling mortality (Mn) and the exponent (d) of the fecundity-body size relationship. Predictions of this equation underestimate the true values by 11-16%, which is expected as a consequence of the transitional mortality function approximation. A transitional mortality function in which mortality is approximately 0.3-0.4 of nesting mortality (i.e. mortality declines rapidly after fledging) produces predictions which, on average, equal the observed values. Data are presented showing that mortality does indeed decline rapidly upon fledging. ?? 2005 European Society for Evolutionary Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x","issn":"1010061X","usgsCitation":"Roff, D., Remes, V., and Martin, T.E., 2005, The evolution of fledging age in songbirds: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1425-1433, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1433","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477922,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x"},{"id":238142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babe2e4b08c986b32313a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roff, D.A.","contributorId":86963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roff","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Remes, V.","contributorId":72584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remes","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027988,"text":"70027988 - 2005 - Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70027988","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand","docAbstract":"The accuracy of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing model has been previously demonstrated for two-material mixtures during BHS model development. Using permittivities determined from modeling ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, the BHS model has been iteratively applied to three-material mixtures of water, sand, and a dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL). However, the accuracy of this application has not been verified. A 10-cm air-line system driven by a network analyzer is used to measure bulk permittivitities when the water saturations in a sand are varied (frequency range of 20 to 200 MHz). Through iterative use of the BHS mixing model, the measured permittivities are used to calculate water saturations, which are compared to known saturation values. An iterative BHS mixing model for an air/water/sand system must consider which two-material end member (air/sand or water/sand) represents the matrix term in the original two-material BHS model. An air/sand matrix provides the best accuracy for low water saturations, and a water/sand matrix provides the best accuracy for high water saturations; thus, a new weighted model is developed. For a given porosity and a measured bulk permittivity, water saturation is most accurately determined by proportionally weighting the water saturation values determined using air/sand as the matrix and water/sand as the matrix in the BHS model. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2049348","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., and Poeter, E.P., 2005, Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand: Geophysics, v. 70, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2049348.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2049348"},{"id":237116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fcbe4b0c8380cd64815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015257,"text":"1015257 - 2005 - Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T13:03:01","indexId":"1015257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","docAbstract":"I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime herbivore interactions. Multiple regression analyses on data collected over 711 years indicated that growth of continuously injury-free saplings was positively related to either peak discharge or the maximum 30-day discharge but was not related to interannual decline in the late-summer river stage (ΔWMIN) or precipitation. Growth was fastest where ΔWMIN was smallest and depth to the late-summer water table moderate (≤1.5 m). Survivorship increased with ΔWMIN where the water table was at shallow depths. Herbivory reduced long-term height growth and survivorship by up to 60% and 50%, respectively. The results support the concept that flow history and environmental context determine whether a particular flow will have a net positive or negative influence on growth and survivorship and suggest that the flow regime that best promotes sapling growth and survival along managed rivers features a short spring flood pulse and constant base flow, with no interannual variation in the hydrograph. Because environmental contexts vary, interannual variation may be necessary for best overall stand performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/x05-203","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2005, Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2886-2899, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-203.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2886","endPage":"2899","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}