This study presents an extensive database on groundwater conditions in and around Devils Postpile National Monument. The database contains chemical analyses of springs and the monument water-supply well, including major-ion chemistry, trace element chemistry, and the first information on a list of organic compounds known as emerging contaminants. Diurnal, seasonal, and annual variations in groundwater discharge and chemistry are evaluated from data collected at five main monitoring sites, where streams carry the aggregate flow from entire groups of springs. These springs drain the Mammoth Mountain area and, during the fall months, contribute a significant fraction of the San Joaquin River flow within the monument. The period of this study, from fall 2012 to fall 2015, includes some of the driest years on record, though the seasonal variability observed in 2013 might have been near normal. The spring-fed streams generally flowed at rates well below those observed during a sequence of wet years in the late 1990s. However, persistence of flow and reasonably stable water chemistry through the recent dry years are indicative of a sizeable groundwater system that should provide a reliable resource during similar droughts in the future. Only a few emerging contaminants were detected at trace levels below 1 microgram per liter (μg/L), suggesting that local human visitation is not degrading groundwater quality. No indication of salt from the ski area on the north side of Mammoth Mountain could be found in any of the groundwaters. Chemical data instead show that natural mineral water, such as that discharged from local soda springs, is the main source of anomalous chloride in the monument supply well and in the San Joaquin River. The results of the study are used to develop a set of recommendations for future monitoring to enable detection of deleterious impacts to groundwater quality and quantity
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175048","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., and Bergfeld, D., 2017, Groundwater resources of the Devils Postpile National Monument—Current conditions and future vulnerabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5048, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175048.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Table","startPage":"1","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079650","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5048/sir20175048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5048"},{"id":342514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5048/sir20175048_table 2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"62 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017-5048"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Devils Postpile National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 37.86618078529668\n ],\n [\n -120.1409912109375,\n 37.56635122499224\n ],\n [\n -119.5806884765625,\n 37.208456662000195\n ],\n [\n -119.4049072265625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -119.13574218749999,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -119.05883789062501,\n 36.39033486213649\n ],\n [\n -118.97644042968749,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -118.74572753906249,\n 36.37264499608118\n ],\n [\n -118.63037109375,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -118.54248046874999,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -118.3612060546875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ],\n [\n -118.1304931640625,\n 36.42570252039198\n ],\n [\n -117.9876708984375,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -117.75146484375,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -117.586669921875,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -117.2735595703125,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -117.29553222656249,\n 36.84006462037767\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 37.08585785263673\n ],\n [\n -117.71301269531249,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -117.93273925781249,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -118.23486328125,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -118.487548828125,\n 38.05674222065296\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -118.751220703125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 38.46649284538942\n ],\n [\n -119.24560546875001,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -119.8553466796875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -120.5914306640625,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 38.06106741381201\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 37.86618078529668\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
National Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS-435
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Populations of the once abundant Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) of the Upper Klamath Basin, decreased so substantially throughout the 20th century that they were listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1988. Major landscape alterations, deterioration of water quality, and competition with and predation by exotic species are listed as primary causes of the decreases in populations. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing because fish lost due to adult mortality, which is relatively low for adult Lost River suckers and variable for adult shortnose suckers, are not replaced by new young adult suckers recruiting into known adult spawning aggregations. Catch-at-age and size data indicate that most adult suckers presently in Upper Klamath Lake spawning populations were hatched around 1991. While, a lack of egg production and emigration of young fish (especially larvae) may contribute, catch-at-length and age data indicate high mortality during the first summer or winter of life may be the primary limitation to the recruitment of young adults. The causes of juvenile sucker mortality are unknown.
We compiled and analyzed catch, length, age, and species data on juvenile suckers from Upper Klamath Lake from eight prior studies conducted from 2001 to 2015 to examine annual variation in apparent production, survival, and growth of young suckers. We used a combination of qualitative assessments, general linear models, and linear regression to make inferences about annual differences in juvenile sucker dynamics. The intent of this exercise is to provide information that can be compared to annual variability in environmental conditions with the hopes of understanding what drives juvenile sucker population dynamics.
Age-0 Lost River suckers generally grew faster than age-0 shortnose suckers, but the difference in growth rates between the two species varied among years. This unsynchronized annual variation in daily growth may be an indication that environmental conditions are affecting growth rates of these species in different ways.
The combined evidence outlined in this report and in Simon and others (2012) indicates that years of relatively high age-0 sucker production occurred in the late 1990s through at least 2000, in 2006, and in 2011. Our analysis of annual age-0 sucker catch per unit effort (CPUE), which accounted for zero inflated data and annual variation in sampling gears and locations, indicated that 2006 had the greatest apparent relative production of age-0 suckers ≥ 45 mm standard length (SL) during the time period examined. Midsummer trap net effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was too sparse to examine age-0 sucker CPUE from 2011 to 2013. Relatively frequent catches of age-1 suckers in 2001, 2007, and 2012 corroborated relatively high CPUE for age-0 suckers during 1999–2000, 2006, and 2011, as reported by USGS or Simon and others (2012).
There were several indications in the data that juvenile sucker survival is low from at least midsummer of the first year of life through mid-September of the second year of life. Our estimated index of relative apparent age-0 sucker late-summer survival, which accounted for zero inflated data and variations in sampling gears and locations, was higher in 2009 than in 2004. Our index of apparent age-0 sucker mortality for all other years from 2001 to 2015 was similar among years. Seventy-five percent of age-1 suckers were captured prior to July 17 each year. In 2007, the one year with substantial age-1 sucker summertime catches, the proportion of nets to capture age-1 suckers decreased from July to mid-September. Maximum annual age-2+ sucker CPUE was 0.02 fish per net, 10,000 times less than the maximum annual age-0 sucker CPUE.
Analysis of species data indicated that juvenile Lost River suckers may have greater apparent mortality than shortnose suckers. Lost River suckers made up a smaller proportion of age-0 suckers captured in July each year than would be expected, based on the abundance of adult Lost River suckers relative to shortnose suckers, and higher Lost River than shortnose sucker fecundity. The proportion of age-0 suckers captured that were Lost River suckers decreased from July to September in several years. Only 14 percent of age-1 or older juvenile suckers identified to species over the 15-year time period were Lost River suckers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Martin, B.A., 2017, Inter-annual variability in apparent relative production, survival, and growth of juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2001–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1069, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-082248","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1069/ofr20171069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1069"},{"id":342517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC812F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for trap net captured juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon"},{"id":342515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1069/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14,\n 42.20\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 42.20\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 42.64\n ],\n [\n -122.14,\n 42.64\n ],\n [\n -122.14,\n 42.20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
Coral barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios have been used to reconstruct records of upwelling, river and groundwater discharge, and sediment and dust input to the coastal ocean. However, this proxy has not yet been explicitly tested to determine if Ba inclusion in the coral skeleton is directly proportional to seawater Ba concentration and to further determine how additional factors such as temperature and calcification rate control coral Ba/Ca ratios. We measured the inclusion of Ba within aquaria reared juvenile corals (Favia fragum) at three temperatures (∼27.7, 24.6 and 22.5 °C) and three seawater Ba concentrations (73, 230 and 450 nmol kg−1). Coral polyps were settled on tiles conditioned with encrusting coralline algae, which complicated chemical analysis of the coral skeletal material grown during the aquaria experiments. We utilized Sr/Ca ratios of encrusting coralline algae (as low as 3.4 mmol mol−1) to correct coral Ba/Ca for this contamination, which was determined to be 26 ± 11% using a two end member mixing model. Notably, there was a large range in Ba/Ca across all treatments, however, we found that Ba inclusion was linear across the full concentration range. The temperature sensitivity of the distribution coefficient is within the range of previously reported values. Finally, calcification rate, which displayed large variability, was not correlated to the distribution coefficient. The observed temperature dependence predicts a change in coral Ba/Ca ratios of 1.1 μmol mol−1 from 20 to 28 °C for typical coastal ocean Ba concentrations of 50 nmol kg−1. Given the linear uptake of Ba by corals observed in this study, coral proxy records that demonstrate peaks of 10–25 μmol mol−1 would require coastal seawater Ba of between 60 and 145 nmol kg−1. Further validation of the coral Ba/Ca proxy requires evaluation of changes in seawater chemistry associated with the environmental perturbation recorded by the coral as well as verification of these results for Porites species, which are widely used in paleo reconstructions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.006","usgsCitation":"Gonneea Eagle, M., Cohen, A.L., DeCarlo, T.M., and Charette, M.A., 2017, Relationship between water and aragonite barium concentrations in aquaria reared juvenile corals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 209, p. 123-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"134","ipdsId":"IP-079452","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9163","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b1c8e4b0d1f9f05b37b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonneea Eagle, Meagan 0000-0001-5072-2755 mgonneea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":174590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonneea Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"mgonneea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Anne L.","contributorId":190716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCarlo, Thomas M.","contributorId":190720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeCarlo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charette, Matthew A.","contributorId":92355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191185,"text":"70191185 - 2017 - UAV lidar and hyperspectral fusion for forest monitoring in the southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-28T16:33:02","indexId":"70191185","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAV lidar and hyperspectral fusion for forest monitoring in the southwestern USA","docAbstract":"Forest vegetation classification and structure measurements are fundamental steps for planning, monitoring, and evaluating large-scale forest changes including restoration treatments. High spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing data are critically needed to classify vegetation and measure their 3-dimensional (3D) canopy structure at the level of individual species. Here we test high-resolution lidar, hyperspectral, and multispectral data collected from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and demonstrate a lidar-hyperspectral image fusion method in treated and control forests with varying tree density and canopy cover as well as in an ecotone environment to represent a gradient of vegetation and topography in northern Arizona, U.S.A. The fusion performs better (88% overall accuracy) than either data type alone, particularly for species with similar spectral signatures, but different canopy sizes. The lidar data provides estimates of individual tree height (R2 = 0.90; RMSE = 2.3 m) and crown diameter (R2 = 0.72; RMSE = 0.71 m) as well as total tree canopy cover (R2 = 0.87; RMSE = 9.5%) and tree density (R2 = 0.77; RMSE = 0.69 trees/cell) in 10 m cells across thin only, burn only, thin-and-burn, and control treatments, where tree cover and density ranged between 22 and 50% and 1–3.5 trees/cell, respectively. The lidar data also produces highly accurate digital elevation model (DEM) (R2 = 0.92; RMSE = 0.75 m). In comparison, 3D data derived from the multispectral data via structure-from-motion produced lower correlations with field-measured variables, especially in dense and structurally complex forests. The lidar, hyperspectral, and multispectral sensors, and the methods demonstrated here can be widely applied across a gradient of vegetation and topography for monitoring landscapes undergoing large-scale changes such as the forests in the southwestern U.S.A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.007","usgsCitation":"Sankey, T.T., Donager, J., McVay, J.L., and Sankey, J.B., 2017, UAV lidar and hyperspectral fusion for forest monitoring in the southwestern USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 195, p. 30-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-073648","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"195","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ce0a2be4b05fe04cc0210a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donager, Jonathon","contributorId":196772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donager","given":"Jonathon","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McVay, Jason L.","contributorId":196235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McVay","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188555,"text":"70188555 - 2017 - Response of bird community structure to habitat management in piñon-juniper woodland-sagebrush ecotones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:50:56","indexId":"70188555","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of bird community structure to habitat management in piñon-juniper woodland-sagebrush ecotones","docAbstract":"Piñon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands have been expanding their range across the intermountain western United States into landscapes dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands. Management actions using prescribed fire and mechanical cutting to reduce woodland cover and control expansion provided opportunities to understand how environmental structure and changes due to these treatments influence bird communities in piñon-juniper systems. We surveyed 43 species of birds and measured vegetation for 1–3 years prior to treatment and 6–7 years post-treatment at 13 locations across Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. We used structural equation modeling to develop and statistically test our conceptual model that the current bird assembly at a site is structured primarily by the previous bird community with additional drivers from current and surrounding habitat conditions as well as external regional bird dynamics. Treatment reduced woodland cover by >5% at 80 of 378 survey sites. However, habitat change achieved by treatment was highly variable because actual disturbance differed widely in extent and intensity. Biological inertia in the bird community was the strongest single driver; 72% of the variation in the bird assemblage was explained by the community that existed seven years earlier. Greater net reduction in woodlands resulted in slight shifts in the bird community to one having ecotone or shrubland affinities. However, the overall influence of woodland changes from treatment were relatively small and were buffered by other extrinsic factors. Regional bird dynamics did not significantly influence the structure of local bird communities at our sites. Our results suggest that bird communities in piñon-juniper woodlands can be highly stable when management treatments are conducted in areas with more advanced woodland development and at the level of disturbance measured in our study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.017","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., Grace, J.B., Hollenbeck, J.P., and Leu, M., 2017, Response of bird community structure to habitat management in piñon-juniper woodland-sagebrush ecotones: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 400, p. 256-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-083953","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"400","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c92e4b062508e31a98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steve E. 0000-0002-4430-2073 shanser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-2073","contributorId":152523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steve","email":"shanser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollenbeck, Jeff P. 0000-0001-6481-5354 jhollenbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-5354","contributorId":5130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollenbeck","given":"Jeff","email":"jhollenbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188552,"text":"70188552 - 2017 - Integrating count and detection–nondetection data to model population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-04T12:26:31","indexId":"70188552","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating count and detection–nondetection data to model population dynamics","docAbstract":"There is increasing need for methods that integrate multiple data types into a single analytical framework as the spatial and temporal scale of ecological research expands. Current work on this topic primarily focuses on combining capture–recapture data from marked individuals with other data types into integrated population models. Yet, studies of species distributions and trends often rely on data from unmarked individuals across broad scales where local abundance and environmental variables may vary. We present a modeling framework for integrating detection–nondetection and count data into a single analysis to estimate population dynamics, abundance, and individual detection probabilities during sampling. Our dynamic population model assumes that site-specific abundance can change over time according to survival of individuals and gains through reproduction and immigration. The observation process for each data type is modeled by assuming that every individual present at a site has an equal probability of being detected during sampling processes. We examine our modeling approach through a series of simulations illustrating the relative value of count vs. detection–nondetection data under a variety of parameter values and survey configurations. We also provide an empirical example of the model by combining long-term detection–nondetection data (1995–2014) with newly collected count data (2015–2016) from a growing population of Barred Owl (Strix varia) in the Pacific Northwest to examine the factors influencing population abundance over time. Our model provides a foundation for incorporating unmarked data within a single framework, even in cases where sampling processes yield different detection probabilities. This approach will be useful for survey design and to researchers interested in incorporating historical or citizen science data into analyses focused on understanding how demographic rates drive population abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1831","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E.F., Rossman, S., Yackulic, C.B., Wiens, D., Thorson, J.T., Davis, R.J., and Grant, E., 2017, Integrating count and detection–nondetection data to model population dynamics: Ecology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1640-1650, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1831.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1640","endPage":"1650","ipdsId":"IP-075390","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7348J9M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Count and detection-nondetection survey data of barred owls (Strix varia) in historical breeding territories of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in the Oregon Coast Range, 1995-2016"},{"id":342540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c92e4b062508e31a993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F. 0000-0003-4155-6139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-6139","contributorId":192755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rossman, Sam","contributorId":8759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossman","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiens, David 0000-0002-2020-038X jwiens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-038X","contributorId":167538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"David","email":"jwiens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorson, James T.","contributorId":146580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":150574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":167017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190239,"text":"70190239 - 2017 - A genetic signature of the evolution of loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T14:39:03","indexId":"70190239","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic signature of the evolution of loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION
Changes in the size and proportion of limbs and other structures have played a key role in the evolution of species. One common class of limb modification is recurrent wing reduction and loss of flight in birds. Indeed, Darwin used the occurrence of flightless birds as an argument in favor of his theory of natural selection. Loss of flight has evolved repeatedly and is found among 26 families of birds in 17 different orders. Despite the frequency of these modifications, we have a limited understanding of their underpinnings at the genetic and molecular levels.
RATIONALE
To better understand the evolution of changes in limb size, we studied a classic case of recent loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi). Cormorants are large water birds that live in coastal areas or near lakes, and P. harrisi is the only flightless cormorant among approximately 40 extant species. The entire population is distributed along the coastlines of Isabela and Fernandina islands in the Galapagos archipelago. P. harrisi has a pair of short wings, which are smaller than those of any other cormorant. The extreme reduction of the wings and pectoral skeleton observed in P. harrisi is an attractive model for studying the evolution of loss of flight because it occurred very recently; phylogenetic evidence suggests that P. harrisi diverged from its flighted relatives within the past 2 million years. We developed a comparative and predictive genomics approach that uses the genome sequences of P. harrisi and its flighted relatives to find candidate genetic variants that likely contributed to the evolution of loss of flight.
RESULTS
We sequenced and de novo assembled the whole genomes of P. harrisi and three closely related flighted cormorant species. We identified thousands of coding variants exclusive to P. harrisi and classified them according to their probability of altering protein function based on conservation. Variants most likely to alter protein function were significantly enriched in genes mutated in human skeletal ciliopathies, including Ofd1, Evc, Wdr34, and Ift122. We carried out experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans to confirm that a missense variant present in the Galapagos cormorant IFT122 protein is sufficient to affect ciliary function. The primary cilium is essential for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vertebrates, and individuals affected by ciliopathies have small limbs and ribcages, mirroring the phenotype of P. harrisi. We also identified a 4–amino acid deletion in the regulatory domain of Cux1, a highly conserved transcription factor that has been experimentally shown to regulate limb growth in chicken. The four missing amino acids are perfectly conserved in all birds and mammals sequenced to date. We tested the consequences of this deletion in a chondrogenic cell line and showed that it impairs the ability of CUX1 to transcriptionally up-regulate cilia-related genes (some of which contain function-altering variants in P. harrisi) and to promote chondrogenic differentiation. Finally, we show that positive selection may have played a role in the fixation of the variants associated with loss of flight in P. harrisi.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the combined effect of variants in genes necessary for the correct transcriptional regulation and function of the primary cilium likely contributed to the evolution of highly reduced wings and other skeletal adaptations associated with loss of flight in P. harrisi. Our approach may be generally useful for identification of variants underlying evolutionary novelty from genomes of closely related species.
The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in a semi-tropical climate and is the principal water supply for the 400,000 people of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there is an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir, taste-and-odor water-quality issues are a concern. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an investigation in cooperation with the Charleston Water System to study the hydrology and hydrodynamics of the Bushy Park Reservoir to identify factors affecting water-quality conditions. Specifically, five areas for monitoring and (or) analysis were addressed: (1) hydrologic monitoring of the reservoir to establish a water budget, (2) flow monitoring in the tunnels to compute flow from Bushy Park Reservoir and at critical distribution junctions, (3) water-quality sampling, profiling, and continuous monitoring to identify the causes of taste-and-odor occurrence, (4) technical evaluation of appropriate hydrodynamic and water-quality simulation models for the reservoir, and (5) preliminary evaluation of alternative reservoir operations scenarios.
This report describes the hydrodynamic and hydrologic data collected from 2013 to 2015 to support the application and calibration of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water-quality monitoring and analysis to gain insight into the principal causes of the Bushy Park Reservoir taste-and-odor episodes. The existing U.S. Geological Survey real-time network on the West Branch of the Cooper River was augmented with a tidal flow gage on Durham Canal Back River, and Foster Creek. The Charleston Water System intake structure was instrumented to collect water-level, water temperature (top and bottom probes), specific conductance (top and bottom probes), wind speed and direction, and photosynthetically active radiation data. In addition to the gages attached to fixed structures, four bottom-mounted velocity profilers were deployed at six locations over different periods. The deployment period for the velocity profiler ranged from 2 weeks to 4 months. During the investigation, tidal cycle (13-hour) streamflow measurements were made at 30-minute intervals at five locations.
The Williams Station is a coal-fired powerplant that withdraws water from Bushy Park Reservoir for cooling purposes. The magnitude of the withdrawal (approximately 550 million gallons per day) is the major factor controlling the circulation in the reservoir. The net flow in Durham Canal to the reservoir is comparable to the withdrawal rates of the powerplant. When the Williams Station is not withdrawing water, the net flow in Durham Canal quickly goes to zero or reverses with a net flow away from the reservoir and to the Cooper River. Plan views of the velocity vectors for the tidal cycle streamflow measurements and rose diagram of the velocity profilers created with the Williams Station withdrawing and not withdrawing water show substantial effects of the distribution of magnitude and direction of the water velocities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Charleston Water System","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P.A., Petkewich, M.D., Falls, W.F., and Lanier, T.H., 2017, Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5050, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175050.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 83 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077941","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GB2274","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrodynamic data of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina 2013–15"},{"id":342447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5050/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5050/sir20175050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5050"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Santee-Cooper River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5,\n 32.68\n ],\n [\n -79.7,\n 32.68\n ],\n [\n -79.7,\n 33.56\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 33.56\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 32.68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Climate change, sea-level rise, and human development have contributed to the changing geomorphology of the San Francisco Bay - Delta (Bay-Delta) Estuary system. The need to predict scenarios of change led to the development of a new seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Bay – Delta that can be used by modelers attempting to understand potential future changes to the estuary system. This report details the three phases of the creation of this DEM. The first phase took a bathymetric-only DEM created in 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), refined it with additional data, and identified areas that would benefit from new surveys. The second phase began a USGS collaboration with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) that updated a 2012 DWR seamless bathymetric/topographic DEM of the Bay-Delta with input from the USGS and modifications to fit the specific needs of USGS modelers. The third phase took the work from phase 2 and expanded the coverage area in the north to include the Yolo Bypass up to the Fremont Weir, the Sacramento River up to Knights Landing, and the American River up to the Nimbus Dam, and added back in the elevations for interior islands. The constant evolution of the Bay-Delta will require continuous updates to the DEM of the Delta, and there still are areas with older data that would benefit from modern surveys. As a result, DWR plans to continue updating the DEM.
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Since juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) occupy a similar habitat in Lake Ontario tributaries, we sought to determine the degree of diet similarity between these species in order to assess the potential for interspecific competition. Atlantic salmon, an historically important but currently extirpated component of the Lake Ontario fish community, are the focus of a bi-national restoration effort. Presently this effort includes the release of hatchery produced juvenile Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario tributaries. These same tributaries support substantial numbers of naturally reproduced juvenile Pacific salmonids including Chinook salmon. Subyearling Atlantic salmon and subyearling Chinook salmon had significantly different diets during each of the three time periods examined. Atlantic salmon fed slightly more from the benthos than from the drift and consumed mainly chirononmids (47.0%) and ephemeropterans (21.1%). The diet of subyearling Chinook salmon was more closely associated with the drift and consisted mainly of chironomids (60.2%) and terrestrial invertebrates (16.0%). Low diet similarity between subyearling Atlantic salmon and subyearling Chinook salmon likely minimizes competitive interactions for food between these species in Lake Ontario tributaries. However, the availability of small prey such as chironomids which comprise over 50% of the diet of each species, soon after emergence, could constitute a short term resource limitation. To our knowledge this is the first study of interspecific diet associations between these two important salmonid species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13335","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Nash, K.J., Chiavelli, R.A., DiRado, J.A., Mackey, G.E., Knight, J.R., and Diaz, A.R., 2017, Diet, feeding patterns, and prey selection of subyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and subyearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a tributary of Lake Ontario: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 502-508, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13335.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"508","ipdsId":"IP-079275","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a288c7e4b077f0056692ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, K. J.","contributorId":195876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiavelli, R. A.","contributorId":195877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiavelli","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiRado, J. A.","contributorId":195878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiRado","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mackey, G. E.","contributorId":195879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mackey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knight, J. R.","contributorId":195880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knight","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Diaz, A. R.","contributorId":195881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diaz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190144,"text":"70190144 - 2017 - Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T19:25:56","indexId":"70190144","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs","title":"Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs","docAbstract":"Abiotic and biotic forces shape the structure and evolution of microbial populations. We investigated forces that shape the spatial and temporal population structure of Sulfolobus islandicus by comparing geochemical and molecular analysis from seven hot springs in five regions sampled over 3 years in Yellowstone National Park. Through deep amplicon sequencing, we uncovered 148 unique alleles at two loci whose relative frequency provides clear evidence for independent populations in different hot springs. Although geography controls regional geochemical composition and population differentiation, temporal changes in population were not explained by corresponding variation in geochemistry. The data suggest that the influence of extinction, bottleneck events and/or selective sweeps within a spring and low migration between springs shape these populations. We suggest that hydrologic events such as storm events and surface snowmelt runoff destabilize smaller hot spring environments with smaller populations and result in high variation in the S. islandicus population over time. Therefore, physical abiotic features such as hot spring size and position in the landscape are important factors shaping the stability and diversity of the S. islandicus meta-population within Yellowstone National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Applied Microbiology","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.13728","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., Kouris, A., England, W., Anderson, R.E., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Whitaker, R.J., 2017, Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs: Environmental Microbiology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 2334-2347, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13728.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2334","endPage":"2347","ipdsId":"IP-076920","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.522705078125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.522705078125,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"598e905ae4b09fa1cb160971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouris, Angela","contributorId":195622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouris","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"England, Whitney","contributorId":195623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"England","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Rika E.","contributorId":195624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Rika","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitaker, Rachel J.","contributorId":195625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitaker","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188529,"text":"70188529 - 2017 - Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) death by stick impalement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:37:04","indexId":"70188529","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) death by stick impalement","title":"Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) death by stick impalement","docAbstract":"Although Canis lupus L. (Gray Wolf) individuals are sometimes impaled by sticks, we could find no documentation of natural impalement by sticks as a cause of death for wild Wolves. Here we report on a wild Gray Wolf from northeastern Minnesota that died due to stick puncture of its thorax and abdomen.
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Analysis of molluscan assemblages can contribute information about past changes in sea level, climate, land use patterns, anthropogenic alterations, salinity, and other parameters of the benthic habitat and water chemistry within the estuary. High-resolution (from less than a day to annual) records of changes in environmental parameters can be obtained by analyzing the incremental growth layers in mollusc shells (sclerochronology). The shell layers retain information on changes in water temperature, salinity, seasonality, climate, river discharge, productivity, pollution and human activity. Isotopic analyses of mollusc shell growth layers can be problematic in estuaries where water temperatures and isotopic ratios can vary simultaneously; however, methods are being developed to overcome these problems. In addition to sclerochronology, molluscs are important to Holocene and Pleistocene estuarine palaeoenvironmental studies because of their use in the development of age models through radiocarbon dating, amino acid racemization, uranium-thorium series dating, and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_15","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., and Surge, D., 2017, Application of molluscan analyses to the reconstruction of past environmental conditions in estuaries, chap. 15 of Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies, v. 20, p. 357-387, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_15.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-056056","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b36e4b0764e6c65dc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Surge, Donna","contributorId":192887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surge","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190004,"text":"70190004 - 2017 - Modelling moose–forest interactions under different predation scenarios at Isle Royale National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-03T07:15:20","indexId":"70190004","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling moose–forest interactions under different predation scenarios at Isle Royale National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Loss of top predators may contribute to high ungulate population densities and chronic over-browsing of forest ecosystems. However, spatial and temporal variability in the strength of interactions between predators and ungulates occurs over scales that are much shorter than the scales over which forest communities change, making it difficult to characterize trophic cascades in forest ecosystems. We applied the LANDIS-II forest succession model and a recently developed ungulate browsing extension to model how the moose population could interact with the forest ecosystem of Isle Royale National Park, USA, under three different wolf predation scenarios. We contrasted a 100-yr future without wolves (no predation) with two predation scenarios (weak, long-term average predation rates and strong, higher than average rates). Increasing predation rates led to lower peak moose population densities, lower biomass removal rates, and higher estimates of forage availability and landscape carrying capacity, especially during the first 40 yr of simulations. Thereafter, moose population density was similar for all predation scenarios, but available forage biomass and the carrying capacity of the landscape continued to diverge among predation scenarios. Changes in total aboveground live biomass and species composition were most pronounced in the no predation and weak predation scenarios. Consistent with smaller-scale studies, high browsing rates led to reductions in the biomass of heavily browsed Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, and Abies balsamea, and increases in the biomass of unbrowsed Picea glauca and Picea mariana, especially after the simulation year 2050, when existing boreal hardwood stands at Isle Royale are projected to senesce. As a consequence, lower predation rates corresponded with a landscape that progressively shifted toward dominance by Picea glauca and Picea mariana, and lacking available forage biomass. Consistencies with previously documented small-scale successional shifts, and population estimates and trends that approximate those from this and other boreal forests that support moose provide some confidence that these dynamics represent a trophic cascade and therefore provide an important baseline against which to evaluate long-term and large-scale effects of alternative predator management strategies on ungulate populations and forest succession.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1526","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., Rohweder, J.J., Miranda, B.R., Sturtevant, B.R., Fox, T.J., and Romanski, M.C., 2017, Modelling moose–forest interactions under different predation scenarios at Isle Royale National Park, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1317-1337, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1526.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1317","endPage":"1337","ipdsId":"IP-077308","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royale National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.93295288085938, 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}\n","volume":"27","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5984364ae4b0e2f5d46653bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. 0000-0001-5131-9773 jrohweder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9773","contributorId":150539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miranda, Brian R.","contributorId":195443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miranda","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sturtevant, Brian R.","contributorId":190143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, Timothy J. 0000-0002-6167-3001 tfox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-3001","contributorId":1701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Timothy","email":"tfox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanski, Mark C.","contributorId":190147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187796,"text":"sir20175052 - 2017 - Prehistoric floods on the Tennessee River—Assessing the use of stratigraphic records of past floods for improved flood-frequency analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T12:32:23.922721","indexId":"sir20175052","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5052","title":"Prehistoric floods on the Tennessee River—Assessing the use of stratigraphic records of past floods for improved flood-frequency analysis","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic analysis, coupled with geochronologic techniques, indicates that a rich history of large Tennessee River floods is preserved in the Tennessee River Gorge area. Deposits of flood sediment from the 1867 peak discharge of record (460,000 cubic feet per second at Chattanooga, Tennessee) are preserved at many locations throughout the study area at sites with flood-sediment accumulation. Small exposures at two boulder overhangs reveal evidence of three to four other floods similar in size, or larger, than the 1867 flood in the last 3,000 years—one possibly as much or more than 50 percent larger. Records of floods also are preserved in stratigraphic sections at the mouth of the gorge at Williams Island and near Eaves Ferry, about 70 river miles upstream of the gorge. These stratigraphic records may extend as far back as about 9,000 years ago, giving a long history of Tennessee River floods. Although more evidence is needed to confirm these findings, a more in-depth comprehensive paleoflood study is feasible for the Tennessee River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Harden, T.M., and O’Connor, J.E., 2017, Prehistoric floods on the Tennessee River—Assessing the use of stratigraphic records of past floods for improved flood-frequency analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5052, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175052.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081426","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342451,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5052/sir20175052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5052"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.68649291992186,\n 35.10024874332443\n ],\n [\n -85.6940460205078,\n 34.98837848142154\n ],\n [\n -85.26145935058594,\n 34.99231621532155\n ],\n [\n -85.25871276855467,\n 35.12271673061634\n ],\n [\n -85.2593994140625,\n 35.18952235197259\n ],\n [\n -85.67344665527342,\n 35.184471743812225\n ],\n [\n -85.68649291992186,\n 35.185594128309006\n ],\n [\n -85.68649291992186,\n 35.10024874332443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Soils develop at the earth's surface via multiple processes that act through time. Precluding burial or disturbance, soil genetic horizons form progressively and reflect the balance among formation processes, surface age, and original substrate composition. Soil morphology provides a key link between process and time (soil age), enabling soils to serve as both relative and numerical dating tools for geomorphic studies and landscape evolution. Five major factors define the contemporary state of all soils: climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time. Soils developed on similar landforms and parent materials within a given landscape comprise what we term a soil/landform/substrate complex. Soils on such complexes that differ in development as a function of time represent a soil chronosequence. In a soil chronosequence, time constitutes the only independent formation factor; the other factors act through time. Time dictates the variations in soil development or properties (field or laboratory measured) on a soil/landform/substrate complex. Using a dataset within the chronosequence model, we can also formulate various soil development indices based upon one or a combination of soil properties, either for individual soil horizons or for an entire profile. When we evaluate soil data or soil indices mathematically, the resulting equation creates a chronofunction. Chronofunctions help quantify processes and mechanisms involved in soil development, and relate them mathematically to time. These rigorous kinds of comparisons among and within soil/landform complexes constitute an important tool for relative-age dating. After determining one or more absolute ages for a soil/landform complex, we can calculate quantitative soil formation, and or landform-development rates. Multiple dates for several complexes allow rate calculations for soil/landform-chronosequence development and soil-chronofunction calibration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The International Encyclopedia of Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0437","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Pavich, M.J., and Wysocki, D., 2017, Soils as relative-age dating tools, chap. of The International Encyclopedia of Geography, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0437.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053464","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b37e4b0764e6c65dc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W. 0000-0001-9656-3243 helainem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-3243","contributorId":2008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine","email":"helainem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wysocki, Douglas A.","contributorId":61320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188642,"text":"70188642 - 2017 - Efforts to eradicate yellow crazy ants on Johnston Atoll: Results from crazy ant strike teams X, XI and XII (June 2015–December 2016)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:22:28","indexId":"70188642","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-TR081","title":"Efforts to eradicate yellow crazy ants on Johnston Atoll: Results from crazy ant strike teams X, XI and XII (June 2015–December 2016)","docAbstract":"Efforts to eradicate invasive yellow crazy ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes; YCA) on Johnston Atoll have been continuous since their discovery in 2010. Through 2014, a variety of commercial and novel formicidal baits were tested against the ant, but none proved capable of eradication. More\r\nrecently, polyacrylamide crystals (“hydrogel”) saturated with a sucrose solution containing the insecticide dinotefuran has been shown to be effective over large areas when applied against YCA alone or sequentially with a protein-based cat food bait. During June 2015–December 2016, Crazy Ant Strike Teams (CASTs) conducted treatment and monitoring efforts across an infestation of about 57 ha on Johnston Atoll. Following three infestation-wide treatments (primarily using hydrogel) during 2015, YCA were reduced 98% and surviving nests became difficult to find. Subsequently, a protocol designed to detect ants at low abundance that combined hand searching with a high density of baited monitoring stations (12 stations/0.25\r\nha; HST protocol) was employed within a network of 50 x 50 m cells that subdivided the infestation. During 2016 YCA were found at numerous locations using this method and standard grid-based bait monitoring surveys. Overall, 65 cells where YCA were detected, or cells adjacent\r\nto detections, were treated with hydrogel or cat food bait. YCA were not detected during four monitoring events each separated by at least one week, on 85% of these cells after 1–3 treatments, but it was necessary to treat several cells 4–7 times before YCA were eliminated. Results from HST searches allowed us to estimate the probability that YCA were detected when\r\npresent in an area when searched using that method. Based on this probability, it was determined that areas would have to be searched three times without YCA being detected to allow 93% certainty that the ants were absent. The level of certainty increased to 99% when the search was conducted four times and YCA were not found. Overall, the likelihood of\r\neradicating YCA on Johnston Atoll appears high using existing protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Peck, R., Banko, P.C., Donmoyer, K., Scheiner, K., Karimi, R., and Kropidlowski, S., 2017, Efforts to eradicate yellow crazy ants on Johnston Atoll: Results from crazy ant strike teams X, XI and XII (June 2015–December 2016): Technical Report HCSU-TR081, iv, 28p.","productDescription":"iv, 28p.","numberOfPages":"32","ipdsId":"IP-080110","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dspace.lib.hawaii.edu/handle/10790/3205"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Johnston Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -186.328125,\n -7.710991655433217\n ],\n [\n -150.82031249999997,\n -7.710991655433217\n ],\n [\n -150.82031249999997,\n 15.453680224345835\n ],\n [\n -186.328125,\n 15.453680224345835\n ],\n [\n -186.328125,\n -7.710991655433217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3428e4b062508e36af47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Robert W. 0000-0002-8739-9493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9493","contributorId":193088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donmoyer, Kevin L.","contributorId":150242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donmoyer","given":"Kevin","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17944,"text":"University of Hawaii, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheiner, Katrina","contributorId":193089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheiner","given":"Katrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karimi, Rebekah","contributorId":193090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karimi","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kropidlowski, Stefan","contributorId":193091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kropidlowski","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70188516,"text":"70188516 - 2017 - Olivine-melt relationships and syneruptive redox variations in the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano as revealed by XANES","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:57:11","indexId":"70188516","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Olivine-melt relationships and syneruptive redox variations in the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano as revealed by XANES","docAbstract":"The 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano exhibited high lava fountains of gas-rich, primitive magma, containing olivine + chromian spinel in highly vesicular brown glass. Microprobe analysis of these samples shows that euhedral rims on olivine phenocrysts, in direct contact with glass, vary significantly in forsterite (Fo) content, at constant major-element melt composition, as do unzoned groundmass olivine crystals. Ferric/total iron (Fe+ 3/FeT)ratios for matrix and interstitial glasses, plus olivine-hosted glass inclusions in eight 1959 scoria samples have been determined by micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (μ-XANES). These data show that much of the variation in Fo content reflects variation in oxidation state of iron in the melt, which varies with sulfur concentration in the glass and (locally) with proximity to scoria edges in contact with air. Data for 24 olivine-melt pairs in the better-equilibrated samples from later in the eruption show KD averaging 0.280 ± 0.03 for the exchange of Fe and Mg between olivine and melt, somewhat displaced from the value of 0.30 ± 0.03 given by Roeder and Emslie (1970). This may reflect the low SiO2 content of the 1959 magmas, which is lower than that in most Kīlauea tholeiites. More broadly, we show the potential of μ-XANES and electron microprobe to revisit and refine the value of KD in natural systems.
The observed variations of Fe+ 3/FeT ratios in the glasses reflect two distinct processes. The main process, sulfur degassing, produces steady decrease of the Fe+ 3/FeT ratio. Melt inclusions in olivine are high in sulfur (1060–1500 ppm S), with Fe+ 3/FeT = 0.160–0.175. Matrix glasses are degassed (mostly S < 200 ppm) with generally lower Fe+ 3/FeT(0.114–0.135). Interstitial glasses within clumps of olivine crystals locally show intermediate levels of sulfur and Fe+ 3/FeT ratio. The correlation suggests that (1) the 1959 magma was significantly reduced by sulfur degassing during the eruption and (2) the melts originally had Fe+ 3/FeT ≥ 0.175, consistent with oxygen fugacity (fO2) at least 0.4 log units above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) buffer at 1 atm and magmatic temperature of 1200 °C.
The second process is interaction between the melts and atmospheric oxygen, which results in higher Fe+ 3/FeT ratios. Detailed μ-XANES traverses show gradients in Fe+ 3/FeT of 0.145 to 0.628 over distances of 100–150 μm in thin, visibly reddened matrix glass bordering some scoriae, presumably caused by contact with air. This process was extremely rapid, giving insight into how fast the Fe+ 3/FeT ratio can change in response to changes in external conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.12.006","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.L., Cottrell, E., Brounce, M.N., and Kelley, K.A., 2017, Olivine-melt relationships and syneruptive redox variations in the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano as revealed by XANES: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 333-334, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.12.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-077122","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1592","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3240203857422,\n 19.369454073094243\n ],\n [\n -155.2206802368164,\n 19.369454073094243\n ],\n [\n -155.2206802368164,\n 19.45364383358209\n ],\n [\n -155.3240203857422,\n 19.45364383358209\n ],\n [\n -155.3240203857422,\n 19.369454073094243\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"333-334","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b35e4b0764e6c65dc0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind L. 0000-0003-1550-0684 rhelz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":1952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"rhelz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cottrell, Elizabeth","contributorId":192904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottrell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brounce, Maryjo N.","contributorId":192906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brounce","given":"Maryjo","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Katherine A.","contributorId":192905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188488,"text":"70188488 - 2017 - The spatial distribution of earthquake stress rotations following large subduction zone earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T08:56:36","indexId":"70188488","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spatial distribution of earthquake stress rotations following large subduction zone earthquakes","docAbstract":"Rotations of the principal stress axes due to great subduction zone earthquakes have been used to infer low differential stress and near-complete stress drop. The spatial distribution of coseismic and postseismic stress rotation as a function of depth and along-strike distance is explored for three recent M ≥ 8.8 subduction megathrust earthquakes. In the down-dip direction, the largest coseismic stress rotations are found just above the Moho depth of the overriding plate. This zone has been identified as hosting large patches of large slip in great earthquakes, based on the lack of high-frequency radiated energy. The large continuous slip patches may facilitate near-complete stress drop. There is seismological evidence for high fluid pressures in the subducted slab around the Moho depth of the overriding plate, suggesting low differential stress levels in this zone due to high fluid pressure, also facilitating stress rotations. The coseismic stress rotations have similar along-strike extent as the mainshock rupture. Postseismic stress rotations tend to occur in the same locations as the coseismic stress rotations, probably due to the very low remaining differential stress following the near-complete coseismic stress drop. The spatial complexity of the observed stress changes suggests that an analytical solution for finding the differential stress from the coseismic stress rotation may be overly simplistic, and that modeling of the full spatial distribution of the mainshock static stress changes is necessary.
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Garnering this information from the rock record greatly benefits from integrating textural and compositional data with radiometric dating of accessory minerals. Length scales of crystal growth and diffusive transport in accessory minerals under realistic geologic conditions are typically in the range of 1–10’s of μm, and in some cases even substantially smaller, with zircon having among the lowest diffusion coefficients at a given temperature (e.g., Cherniak and Watson 2003). Intrinsic to the compartmentalization of geochemical and geochronologic information from intra-crystal domains is the requirement to determine accessory mineral compositions using techniques that sample at commensurate spatial scales so as to not convolute the geologic signals that are recorded within crystals, as may be the case with single grain or large grain fragment analysis by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS; e.g., Schaltegger and Davies 2017, this volume; Schoene and Baxter 2017, this volume). Small crystals can also be difficult to extract by mineral separation techniques traditionally used in geochronology, which also lead to a loss of petrographic context. Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry, that is SIMS performed with an ion microprobe, is an analytical technique ideally suited to meet the high spatial resolution analysis requirements that are critical for petrochronology (Table 1).
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