As human disturbance of natural landscapes increases, so does the need for information on declining, threatened, and potentially threatened native species. Proposed listing of the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1999 was found unwarranted in 2003, but this species remains of special concern to management agencies and conservation groups. Whereas large concentrations of breeding Mountain Plovers occur in Montana and Colorado, estimates of the numbers of Mountain Plovers in Wyoming have ranged from only 500 to 1,500 individuals and are based largely on conjecture. In 2002, we visited all known breeding locales in the state to define areas of concentrated sightings in the Laramie, Shirley, Washakie, Great Divide, and Big Horn basins. In 2003, we used distance sampling to estimate breeding bird densities in these five areas. We pooled these estimates and applied the resulting density to a minimum occupied range for the Mountain Plover based on the documented sightings and a previously derived home-range size of 56.6 ha ± 21.5 (SD) to generate a minimum population estimate for the state. Average Mountain Plover density was 4.47 ± 0.55 (SE) birds/km2. We calculated a minimum population estimate of 3,393 birds for Wyoming. The Mountain Plover population breeding in Wyoming appears to contribute substantially to a revised continental population estimate of 11,000 to 14,000 birds. Our approach may have applications to quantifying minimum population status of other uncommon species or species of special conservation concern using current database records, such as those compiled in Natural Heritage Programs at the state level.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-008","usgsCitation":"Plumb, R., Knopf, F., and Anderson, S., 2005, Minimum population size of Mountain Plovers breeding in Wyoming: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 15-22, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210477","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, R.E.","contributorId":25108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029067,"text":"70029067 - 2005 - Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029067","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","docAbstract":"This study investigated the role of fire-killed woody debris as a source of soil carbon in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in Manitoba, Canada. We measured the amount of standing dead and downed woody debris along an upland chronosequence, including wood partially and completely covered by moss growth. Such woody debris is rarely included in measurement protocols and composed up to 26% of the total amount of woody debris in older stands, suggesting that it is important to measure all types of woody debris in ecosystems where burial by organic matter is possible. Based on these data and existing net primary production (NPP) values, we used a mass-balance model to assess the potential impact of fire-killed wood on long-term carbon storage at this site. The amount of carbon stored in deeper soil organic layers, which persists over millennia, was used to represent this long-term carbon. We estimate that between 10% and 60% of the deep-soil carbon is derived from wood biomass. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this estimate is most affected by the fire return interval, decay rate of wood, amount of NPP, and decay rate of the char (postfire) carbon pool. Landscape variations in these terms could account for large differences in deep-soil carbon. The model was less sensitive to fire consumption rates and to rates at which standing dead becomes woody debris. All model runs, however, suggest that woody debris plays an important role in long-term carbon storage for this area. ?? 2005 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x04-179","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Manies, K., Harden, J., Bond-Lamberty, B., and O’Neill, K.P., 2005, Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-482, https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-179.","startPage":"472","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-179"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1b1e4b08c986b32f556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond-Lamberty, B. P.","contributorId":82917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond-Lamberty","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, K. P.","contributorId":104935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013554,"text":"1013554 - 2005 - Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:20:33.189421","indexId":"1013554","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"Recognition that polar bears are shared by hunters in Canada and Alaska prompted development of the “Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea.” Under this Agreement, the harvest of polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) is shared between Inupiat hunters of Alaska and Inuvialuit hunters of Canada. Quotas for each jurisdiction are to be reviewed annually in light of the best available scientific information. Ideal implementation of the Agreement has been hampered by the inability to quantify geographic overlap among bears from adjacent populations. We applied new analytical procedures to a more extensive radiotelemetry data set than has previously been available to quantify that overlap and thereby improve the efficacy of the Agreement. We constructed a grid over the eastern Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea and used twodimensional kernel smoothing to assign probabilities to the distributions of all instrumented bears. A cluster analysis of radio relocation data identified three relatively discrete groups or “populations” of polar bears: the SBS, Chukchi Sea (CS), and northern Beaufort Sea (NBS) populations. With kernel smoothing, we calculated relative probabilities of occurrence for individual members of each population in each cell of our grid. We estimated the uncertainty in probabilities by bootstrapping. Availability of polar bears from each population varied geographically. Near Barrow, Alaska, 50% of harvested bears are from the CS population and 50% from the SBS population. Nearly 99% of the bears taken by Kaktovik hunters are from the SBS. At Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, 50% are from the SBS and 50% from the NBS population. We displayed the occurrence of bears from each population as probabilities for each cell in our grid and as maps with contour lines delineating changes in relative probability. This new analytical approach will greatly improve the accuracy of allocating harvest quotas among hunting communities and jurisdictions while assuring that harvests remain within the bounds of sustainable yield.
The Tri-States Mining District (TSMD) of Missouri (MO), Kansas (KS), and Oklahoma (OK), USA, was mined for lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) for more than a century. Mining ceased more than 30 years ago, but wastes remain widely distributed in the region, and there is evidence of surface- and groundwater contamination in the Spring River-Neosho River (SR-NR) system of northeastern OK. In October 2001, we collected a total of 74 fish from six locations in the SR-NR system that included common carp (Cyprinus carpio), channel- and flathead catfish (Ictalurus punctatus and Pylodictis olivaris), largemouth- and spotted bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus punctulatus), and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis). We obtained additional fish from locations in MO that included three reference sites and one site that served as a \"positive control\" (heavily contaminated by Pb). Blood, carcass (headed, eviscerated, and scaled) and liver (carp only) samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), Pb, and Zn. Our objectives were to assess the degree to which fish from the OK portion of the SR-NR system are contaminated by these elements and to evaluate fish blood sampling for biomonitoring. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in carp and catfish from OK sites were elevated and Pb concentrations of some approached those of the highly contaminated site in MO, but concentrations in bass and crappie were relatively low. For Zn, correlations were weak among concentrations in the three tissues and none of the samples appeared to reflect site contamination. Variability was high for Cd in all three tissues of carp; differences between sites were statistically significant (p < 0.05) only for blood even though mean liver concentrations were at least 100-fold greater than those in blood. Blood concentrations of Cd and Pb were positively correlated (r 2 = 0.49 to 0.84) with the concentration of the same element in carp and catfish carcasses or in carp livers, and the corresponding multiple regression models were highly significant (p < 0.001). Our data indicate that potentially nonlethal blood sampling can be useful for monitoring of selected metals in carp, catfish, and perhaps other fishes. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-0172-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Schmitt, C., and May, T., 2005, Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in fish from mining-influenced waters of northeastern Oklahoma: Sampling of blood, carcass, and liver for aquatic biomonitoring: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 76-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0172-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0172-3"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f990e4b0c8380cd4d690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008227,"text":"1008227 - 2005 - The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T21:17:04.127288","indexId":"1008227","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"1 We assess the use of simple, size-based matrix population models for projecting population trends for six coniferous tree species in the Sierra Nevada, California. We used demographic data from 16 673 trees in 15 permanent plots to create 17 separate time-invariant, density-independent population projection models, and determined differences between trends projected from initial surveys with a 5-year interval and observed data during two subsequent 5-year time steps.
2 We detected departures from the assumptions of the matrix modelling approach in terms of strong growth autocorrelations. We also found evidence of observation errors for measurements of tree growth and, to a more limited degree, recruitment. Log linear analysis provided evidence of significant temporal variation in demographic rates for only two of the 17 populations.
3 Total population sizes were strongly predicted by model projections, although population dynamics were dominated by carryover from the previous 5-year timestep (i.e. there were few cases of recruitment or death). Fractional changes to overall population sizes were less well predicted. Compared with a null model and a simple demographic model lacking size structure, matrix model projections were better able to predict total population sizes, although the differences were not statistically significant. Matrix model projections were also able to predict short-term rates of survival, growth and recruitment. Mortality frequencies were not well predicted.
4 Our results suggest that simple size-structured models can accurately project future short-term changes for some tree populations. However, not all populations were well predicted and these simple models would probably become more inaccurate over longer projection intervals. The predictive ability of these models would also be limited by disturbance or other events that destabilize demographic rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01007.x","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Stephenson, N.L., 2005, The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Ecology, v. 93, p. 737-747, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01007.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"747","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.00915527343749,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -118.93249511718749,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -118.93249511718749,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -120.00915527343749,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -120.00915527343749,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 35.81335872633348\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.81335872633348\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 35.81335872633348\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013397,"text":"1013397 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:47:47","indexId":"1013397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice are investigated using a new reverse chronology algorithm that tracks ice-covered pixels to their location and date of origin based on ice motion and concentration data. The Beaufort Gyre tends to harbor the oldest (>10 years old) sea ice in the western Arctic while direct ice advection pathways toward the Transpolar Drift Stream maintain relatively young (10 years old (10+ year age class) were observed during 1989-2003. Since the mid-1990s, losses to the 10+ year age class lacked compensation by recruitment due to a prior depletion of all mature (6-10 year) age classes. Survival of the 1994 and 1996-1998 sea ice generations reestablished most mature age classes, and thereby the potential to increase extent of the 10+ year age class during the mid-2000s.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023976","issn":"0094-8276","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2005, Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976"}],"volume":"32","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79559,"text":"ofr20051349 - 2005 - Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:34:38","indexId":"ofr20051349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1349","title":"Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","docAbstract":"Wildlife populations across the United States are benefiting from improved wildlife management techniques. However, these benefits also create new challenges including overpopulation, disease, increased winter kill, and forage degradation. These issues have become the challenges for natural resource managers and landowners. Specifically, elk (Cervus elaphus) populations in the Gunnison River Valley of Colorado are growing and causing increased resource damage on public and private lands. On public lands elk threaten sage grouse habitat and compete with domestic livestock for available forage; on private lands they diminish available livestock forage. Management of elk and elk habitat in this area is a shared responsibility of the NPS (Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area), BLM (Uncompahgre Field Office), USFS (Gunnison National Forest), and the CDOW (Colorado Division of Wildlife). All of these agencies participate in this research and adaptive management project.
\nOne key issue in the Black Mesa – Black Canyon area is the interaction between motorized vehicles and. The working hypothesis for this study is that early season elk movement onto private lands and the National Park is precipitated by increased use of Off Highway Vehicles (OHV’s). Data on intensity of motorized use is extremely limited. In this study, we monitor intensity of motorized vehicle and trail use on elk movements and habitat usage and analyze interactions. If management agencies decide to alter accessibility, we will monitor wildlife responses to changes in the human-use regime. This provides a unique opportunity for adaptive management experimentation based on coordinated research and monitoring. The products from this project will provide natural resource managers across the nation with tools and information to better meet these resource challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051349","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., and Watts, R.D., 2005, Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1349, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051349.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051349.PNG"},{"id":320253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027603,"text":"70027603 - 2005 - Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-18T17:49:18.443553","indexId":"70027603","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua","title":"Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua","docAbstract":"We present a comparative study of soil CO2 flux (
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is responsible for managing the Nation’s fish and wildlife resources so that these trust resources are preserved for the present and future use and enjoyment of the citizens of the United States. The FWS achieves this mission by managing many programs. These include the national system of refuges and fish hatcheries, Fish and Wildlife Management Assistance Offices, migratory birds program, law enforcement, and working with tribal, state, and other Federal agencies to ensure protection of threatened and endangered species. Another role of the FWS is consulting with tribal, state, and other Federal agencies and private sector interests on the best conservation management practices consistent with Federal law. Each of these activities requires a workforce that is recognized for its professionalism, dedication to public service, and command of expert knowledge. Recognition for expert knowledge in fish and wildlife conservation is demonstrated, in part, when FWS personnel direct, conduct, or report research that is well-designed to answer questions of importance for natural resource management. The data reported in this document are one part of a three-part study of the status of organizational support for research in FWS, which was commissioned by the Directorate of the FWS. Funding for this study was provided by the FWS, and the Science Support Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
\nIn 1994, the biological research functions of the FWS were transferred to the National Biological Survey, and subsequently into the USGS. This transfer was principally accomplished by moving whole research units from one agency to another. The result was that some employees whose positions were involved with research were not transferred. In addition, some research, information, and management needs of the FWS have continued to be met by studies conducted within the FWS itself. Although the FWS relies on the USGS and others for most basic research investigations, the FWS also conducts its own studies to meet management needs. Because it is vital for FWS employees to be able to conduct such tactical and applied research tasks in a timely manner, the agency must promote the culture necessary to support and encourage these activities. Such research activities are spread widely across the various programs of the FWS, and there is presently no collective, formal, or systematic record of planned or existing research activities. In commissioning this organizational assessment research, the Directorate of the FWS recognized that it would be to the advantage of the agency to more fully understand its research capacity.
\nTo develop a clearer picture of the nature, extent, quality, and degree of administrative support available for conducting research within the FWS, investigations have been undertaken to:
\n1. identify positions in the FWS that may include, in whole or in part, a component of scientific research;
\n2. identify organizational units within the FWS that may conduct research as a significant portion of their mission; and
\n3. assess the attitudes of employees and managers about the obstacles and opportunities for scientific research existing within the FWS by using a scaled-response survey instrument.
\nThe findings presented in this report represent the basic results derived from the attitude assessment survey conducted in the last quarter of 2004. The findings set forth in this report are the frequency distributions for each question in the survey instrument for all respondents. The only statistics provided are descriptive in character - namely, means and associated standard deviations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051449","usgsCitation":"Neilson, J.R., Lamb, B.L., Swann, E.M., Ratz, J., Ponds, P.D., and Liverca, J., 2005, Attitudinal survey component of the study Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment: Report of methods and frequencies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1449, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051449.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051449.PNG"},{"id":320235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1449/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neilson, Jennifer R.","contributorId":35025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swann, Earlene M.","contributorId":9360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swann","given":"Earlene","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratz, Joan ratzj@usgs.gov","contributorId":4318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan","email":"ratzj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liverca, Joyce","contributorId":89621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liverca","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027379,"text":"70027379 - 2005 - Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027379","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2712,"text":"Meridian","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire","docAbstract":"Various technologies that can assist students in exploring the human and environmental impacts of wildfire and in communicating their findings are discussed. Wildfires occur in many parts of the world, and provide an excellent opportunity for students to study local and global interdisciplinary issues using technology. Prior to the beginning of the field study, students take instructions in both their math and science classes about the distinction and appropriate uses of quantitative and qualitative data. Use of computer programs such as Excel spreadsheets which can contain data, and interaction of research and technology group with students, can help them collect best of the information and in making an accurate report.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meridian","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10979778","usgsCitation":"Fox-Gliessman, D., and Kerski, J., 2005, Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire: Meridian, v. 8, no. 1.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba440e4b08c986b3201e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox-Gliessman, D.","contributorId":53159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox-Gliessman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerski, J.J.","contributorId":41212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerski","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029664,"text":"70029664 - 2005 - Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029664","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"Trace-element concentrations in baseline samples from a survey of aquifers used as potable-water supplies in the United States are summarized using methods appropriate for data with multiple detection limits. The resulting statistical distribution models are used to develop summary statistics and estimate probabilities of exceeding water-quality standards. The models are based on data from the major aquifer studies of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These data were produced with a nationally-consistent sampling and analytical framework specifically designed to determine the quality of the most important potable groundwater resources during the years 1991-2001. The analytical data for all elements surveyed contain values that were below several detection limits. Such datasets are referred to as multiply-censored data. To address this issue, a robust semi-parametric statistical method called regression on order statistics (ROS) is employed. Utilizing the 90th-95th percentile as an arbitrary range for the upper limits of expected baseline concentrations, the models show that baseline concentrations of dissolved Ba and Zn are below 500 ??g/L. For the same percentile range, dissolved As, Cu and Mo concentrations are below 10 ??g/L, and dissolved Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se are below 1-5 ??g/L. These models are also used to determine the probabilities that potable ground waters exceed drinking water standards. For dissolved Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mo and Se, the likelihood of exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency standards at the well-head is less than 1-1.5%. A notable exception is As, which has approximately a 7% chance of exceeding the maximum contaminant level (10 ??g/L) at the well head.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2005, Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1560-1570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008.","startPage":"1560","endPage":"1570","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdae4b0c8380cd4a4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029277,"text":"70029277 - 2005 - Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T14:27:28.750937","indexId":"70029277","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis","docAbstract":"Mapping invasive plant species in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems helps to understand the causes of their progression, manage some of their negative consequences, and control them. In recent years, a variety of new remote-sensing techniques, like Derivative Spectral Analysis (DSA) of hyperspectral data, have been developed to facilitate this mapping. A number of questions related to these techniques remain to be addressed. This article attempts to answer one of these questions: Is the application of DSA optimal at certain times of the year? Field radiometric data gathered weekly during the summer of 1999 at selected field sites in upstate New York, populated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.)) and cattail (Typha L.) are analyzed using DSA to differentiate among plant community types. First, second and higher-order derivatives of the reflectance spectra of nine field plots, varying in plant composition, are calculated and analyzed in detail to identify spectral ranges in which one or more community types have distinguishing features. On the basis of the occurrence and extent of these spectral ranges, experimental observations suggest that a satisfactory differentiation among community types was feasible on 30 August, when plants experienced characteristic phenological changes (transition from flowers to seed heads). Generally, dates in August appear optimal from the point of view of species differentiability and could be selected for image acquisitions. This observation, as well as the methodology adopted in this article, should provide a firm basis for the acquisition of hyperspectral imagery and for mapping the targeted species over a broad range of spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.71.5.603","usgsCitation":"Laba, M., Tsai, F., Ogurcak, D., Smith, S., and Richmond, M.E., 2005, Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 5, p. 603-611, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.71.5.603.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"611","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.71.5.603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fafe4b0c8380cd539a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laba, M.","contributorId":55633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laba","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.","contributorId":107086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogurcak, Danielle","contributorId":21815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogurcak","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029101,"text":"70029101 - 2005 - New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"New cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of moraine-crest boulders from southwestern Colorado are compared with published surface-exposure ages of boulders from moraine complexes in north-central Colorado and in west-central (Fremont Lake basin) Wyoming. 10Be data sets from the three areas were scaled to a single 10Be production rate of 5.4 at/g/yr at sea level and high latitude (SLHL), which represents the average 10Be production rate for two high-altitude, mid-latitude sites in the western United States (US) and Austria. Multiple nuclide ages on single boulders indicate that this 10Be production rate yields ages comparable to those calculated with a commonly used 36Cl production scheme. The average age and age range of moraine-crest boulders on terminal moraines at the southwestern Colorado and Wyoming sites are similar, indicating a retreat from their positions ???16.8 36Cl ka (Cosmogenic ages in this paper are labeled 10Be or 36Cl ka or just ka when both 10Be or 36Cl ages are being discussed; radiocarbon ages are labeled 14C ka, calibrated radiocarbon are labeled cal ka, and calendar ages are labeled calendar ka. Errors (??1??) associated with ages are shown in tables. Radiocarbon ages were calibrated using the data of Hughen et al. (Science 303 (2004) 202). This suggests a near-synchronous retreat of Pinedale glaciers across a 470-km latitudinal range in the Middle and Southern Rocky Mountains. Hypothetical corrections for snow shielding and rock-surface erosion shifts the time of retreat to between 17.2 and 17.5 10Be ka at Pinedale, Wyoming, and between 16.3 and 17.3 36Cl ka at Hogback Mountain, Colorado. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Madole, R., Landis, G., and Gosse, J., 2005, New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 24, no. 1-2, p. 49-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018.","startPage":"49","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.018"},{"id":237757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6568e4b0c8380cd72baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madole, R. 0000-0002-9081-570X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":93692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landis, G.","contributorId":107235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gosse, J.","contributorId":32332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosse","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029039,"text":"70029039 - 2005 - Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:48:35","indexId":"70029039","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","docAbstract":"In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time, are becoming more accessible. This article compares a class of kinematic models based on the summation of a fractal distribution of subevent sizes with a dynamic model based on the slip-weakening friction law. Kinematic modeling is done for the frequency band 0.2 to 10.0. Hz, dynamic models are calculated from 0.2 to 2.0. Hz. The strong motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake is used to evaluate and compare the synthetic time histories. Source models are propagated to the far field by convolution with 1D and 3D theoretical Green’s functions. In addition, the kinematic model is used to evaluate the importance of propagation path effects: velocity structure, scattering, and nonlinearity. At present, the kinematic model gives a better broadband fit to the Northridge ground motion than the simple slip-weakening dynamic model. In general, the dynamic model overpredicts rise times and produces insufficient shorter-period energy. Within the context of the slip-weakening model, the Northridge ground motion requires a short slip-weakening distance, on the order of 0.15 m or less. A more complex dynamic model including rate weakening or one that allows shorter rise times near the hypocenter may fit the data better.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120040136","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Guatteri, M., Mai, P., Liu, P., and Fisk, M.R., 2005, Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 614-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040136.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040136"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f301e4b0c8380cd4b53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisk, M. R.","contributorId":17031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029270,"text":"70029270 - 2005 - Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029270","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"Published estimates for the equilibrium relative humidity (RH) at 25 deg;C for the reaction: bieberite (CoSO4??7H2O) = moorhouseite (CoSO4??6H2O) + H2O, range from 69.8 to 74.5%. To evaluate these data, the humidity-buffer technique was used to determine equilibrium constants for this reaction between 14 and 43 ??C at 0.1 MPa. Reversals along five humidity-buffer curves yield In K = 18.03-6509.43/T, where K is the equilibrium constant, and T is temperature in K. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 9.43 kJ/mol, which agrees well with several previously reported values based on vapor-pressure measurements. It also agrees well with values calculated from the data derived mostly from calorimetric measurements. Previous studies indicated that the temperature of the invariant point for the assemblage bieberite-moorhouseite-aqueous solution-vapor is near 44.7 ??C, and our extrapolated data predict 91.1% RH at this temperature; the predicted position for the invariant point is in excellent agreement with those reported previously.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1695","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R., 2005, Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 5-6, p. 912-917, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1695.","startPage":"912","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1695"},{"id":237589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a3e4b0c8380cd47554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035499,"text":"70035499 - 2005 - Palynology in coal systems analysis-The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035499","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology in coal systems analysis-The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments","docAbstract":"Palynology can be effectively used in coal systems analysis to understand the nature of ancient coal-forming peat mires. Pollen and spores preserved in coal effectively reveal the floristic composition of mires, which differed substantially through geologic time, and contribute to determination of depositional environment and paleo- climate. Such applications are most effective when integrated with paleobotanical and coal-petrographic data. Examples of previous studies of Miocene, Carboniferous, and Paleogene coal beds illustrate the methods and results. Palynological age determinations and correlations of deposits are also important in coal systems analysis to establish stratigraphic setting. Application to studies of coalbed methane generation shows potential because certain kinds of pollen are associated with gas-prone lithotypes. ??2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.51","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., 2005, Palynology in coal systems analysis-The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 387, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.51.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.51"},{"id":244094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"387","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a749ce4b0c8380cd77722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029310,"text":"70029310 - 2005 - Underwater MASW to evaluate stiffness of water-bottom sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T16:32:06.785029","indexId":"70029310","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Underwater MASW to evaluate stiffness of water-bottom sediments","docAbstract":"Stiffness measurements are often necessary for geotechnical characterization of an underwater site. Seismically, these measurements can be made through the dispersion analysis of the Rayleigh-type surface waves. Successful terrestrial application of this method has been reported by many investigators using spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) and more recently using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The MASW method was originally developed as a land survey method to investigate the near-surface materials for their elastic properties: for example, the shear-wave velocity (VS), by recording and analyzing Rayleigh-type surface waves using a vertical (impulsive) seismic source and receivers. The acquired data are first analyzed for dispersion characteristics and, from these the shear-wave velocity is estimated using an inversion technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1993267","usgsCitation":"Park, C.B., Miller, R.D., Xia, J., Ivanov, J.M., Sonnichsen, G.V., Hunter, J., Good, R.L., Burns, R.A., and Christian, H., 2005, Underwater MASW to evaluate stiffness of water-bottom sediments: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 24, no. 7, p. 724-728, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1993267.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc63e4b08c986b328bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, Choon B.","contributorId":90065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Choon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Richard D.","contributorId":56406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, Jianghai","contributorId":14593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"Jianghai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, Julian M.","contributorId":80844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sonnichsen, G. V.","contributorId":6335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnichsen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunter, James A","contributorId":175497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"James A","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Good, R. L.","contributorId":70561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burns, R. A.","contributorId":27640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Christian, H.","contributorId":92554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christian","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029312,"text":"70029312 - 2005 - On pads and filters: Processing strong-motion data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70029312","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On pads and filters: Processing strong-motion data","docAbstract":"Processing of strong-motion data in many cases can be as straightforward as filtering the acceleration time series and integrating to obtain velocity and displacement. To avoid the introduction of spurious low-frequency noise in quantities derived from the filtered accelerations, however, care must be taken to append zero pads of adequate length to the beginning and end of the segment of recorded data. These padded sections of the filtered acceleration need to be retained when deriving velocities, displacements, Fourier spectra, and response spectra. In addition, these padded and filtered sections should also be included in the time series used in the dynamic analysis of structures and soils to ensure compatibility with the filtered accelerations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040160","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2005, On pads and filters: Processing strong-motion data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 745-750, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040160.","startPage":"745","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040160"},{"id":237664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6da2e4b0c8380cd75239","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029269,"text":"70029269 - 2005 - Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:16:07","indexId":"70029269","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment","docAbstract":"Sediment storage in alluvial valleys can strongly modulate the downstream migration of sediment and associated contaminants through landscapes. Traditional methods for routing contaminated sediment through valleys focus on in‐channel sediment transport but ignore the influence of sediment exchanges with temporary sediment storage reservoirs outside the channel, such as floodplains. In theory, probabilistic analysis of particle trajectories through valleys offers a useful strategy for quantifying the influence of sediment storage on the downstream movement of contaminated sediment. This paper describes a field application and test of this theory, using 137Cs as a sediment tracer over 45 years (1952–1997), downstream of a historical effluent outfall at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico. The theory is parameterized using a sediment budget based on field data and an estimate of the 137Cs release history at the upstream boundary. The uncalibrated model reasonably replicates the approximate magnitude and spatial distribution of channel‐ and floodplain‐stored 137Cs measured in an independent field study. Model runs quantify the role of sediment storage in the long‐term migration of a pulse of contaminated sediment, quantify the downstream impact of upstream mitigation, and mathematically decompose the future 137Cs flux near the LANL property boundary to evaluate the relative contributions of various upstream contaminant sources. The fate of many sediment‐bound contaminants is determined by the relative timescales of contaminant degradation and particle residence time in different types of sedimentary environments. The theory provides a viable approach for quantifying the long‐term movement of contaminated sediment through valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003288","usgsCitation":"Malmon, D.V., Reneau, S.L., Dunne, T., Katzman, D., and Drakos, P., 2005, Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, Article W05008; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003288.","productDescription":"Article W05008; 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003288","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7ae4b0c8380cd6257a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malmon, Daniel V.","contributorId":89998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reneau, Steven L.","contributorId":99639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reneau","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzman, Danny","contributorId":102268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katzman","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drakos, Paul G.","contributorId":8667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakos","given":"Paul G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029409,"text":"70029409 - 2005 - Development of ground-motion prediction equations relevant to shallow-mining-induced seismicity in the Trial Mountain area, Emery County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029409","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of ground-motion prediction equations relevant to shallow-mining-induced seismicity in the Trial Mountain area, Emery County, Utah","docAbstract":"To provide a basis for assessing the seismic hazard to the Joes Valley Dam due to future coal mining in the nearby Cottonwood Tract, central Utah, we developed ground-motion prediction relations using data recorded by a seismic network, established and operated by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. The network was centered on the Trail Mountain coal mine, located adjacent to the Cottonwood Tract. From late 2000 until early 2001, this network recorded numerous mining-induced events with magnitudes as large as 2.17. The ground motion from these events, recorded at hypocentral distances ranging from about 500 m to approximately 10 km, were well suited to developing new ground-motion prediction relations, especially when augmented by data from a M 4.2 earthquake in the Willow Creek mine, about 50 km north of Trail Mountain. Using a two-stage regression analysis, we determined prediction relations for peak acceleration, peak velocity, and pseudovelocity response spectra, at 5% damping, for periods of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 s. To illustrate the potential seismic hazard at the Joes Valley dam, we used these ground-motion relations to predict a peak velocity of 6.8 cm/s due to an earthquake with the probable maximum magnitude of 3.9, at a hypocentral distance of 1 km, recorded at a rock site typical for this region. This result does not take into account the site response at the dam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040046","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2005, Development of ground-motion prediction equations relevant to shallow-mining-induced seismicity in the Trial Mountain area, Emery County, Utah: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 1, p. 31-47, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040046.","startPage":"31","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040046"},{"id":237485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0056e4b0c8380cd4f6e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029405,"text":"70029405 - 2005 - A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:14:37","indexId":"70029405","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management","docAbstract":"Freshwater research and management efforts could be greatly enhanced by a better understanding of the relationship between landscape-scale factors and water quality indicators. This is particularly true in urban areas, where land transformation impacts stream systems at a variety of scales. Despite advances in landscape quantification methods, several studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) and water quality have resulted in mixed conclusions. However, these studies have largely relied on compositional landscape metrics. For urban and urbanizing watersheds in particular, the use of metrics that capture spatial pattern may further aid in distinguishing the effects of various urban growth patterns, as well as exploring the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic variables. However, to be truly useful for freshwater applications, pattern metrics must be optimized based on characteristic watershed properties and common water quality point sampling methods. Using a freely available LULC data set for the Santa Clara Basin, California, USA, we quantified landscape composition and configuration for subwatershed areas upstream of individual sampling sites, reducing the number of metrics based on: (1) sensitivity to changes in extent and (2) redundancy, as determined by a multivariate factor analysis. The first two factors, interpreted as (1) patch density and distribution and (2) patch shape and landscape subdivision, explained approximately 85% of the variation in the data set, and are highly reflective of the heterogeneous urban development pattern found in the study area. Although offering slightly less explanatory power, compositional metrics can provide important contextual information.