Marine iron–manganese oxide coatings occur in many shallow and deep-water areas of the global ocean and can form in three ways: 1) Fe–Mn crusts can precipitate from seawater onto rocks on seamounts; 2) Fe–Mn nodules can form on the sediment surface around a nucleus by diagenetic processes in sediment pore water; 3) encrustations can precipitate from hydrothermal fluids. These oxide coatings have been growing for thousands to tens of millions of years. They represent a vast archive of how oceans have changed, including variations of climate, ocean currents, geological activity, erosion processes on land, and even anthropogenic impact. A growing toolbox of age-dating methods and element and isotopic signatures are being used to exploit these archives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gselements.13.3.177","usgsCitation":"Koschinsky, A., and Hein, J.R., 2017, Marine ferromanganese encrustations: Archives of changing oceans: Elements, v. 13, no. 3, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.13.3.177.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-081254","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6e0e4b0764e6c602143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koschinsky, Andrea","contributorId":83813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschinsky","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188400,"text":"70188400 - 2017 - An updated geospatial liquefaction model for global application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T10:30:00","indexId":"70188400","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated geospatial liquefaction model for global application","docAbstract":"We present an updated geospatial approach to estimation of earthquake-induced liquefaction from globally available geospatial proxies. Our previous iteration of the geospatial liquefaction model was based on mapped liquefaction surface effects from four earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Kobe, Japan, paired with geospatial explanatory variables including slope-derived VS30, compound topographic index, and magnitude-adjusted peak ground acceleration from ShakeMap. The updated geospatial liquefaction model presented herein improves the performance and the generality of the model. The updates include (1) expanding the liquefaction database to 27 earthquake events across 6 countries, (2) addressing the sampling of nonliquefaction for incomplete liquefaction inventories, (3) testing interaction effects between explanatory variables, and (4) overall improving model performance. While we test 14 geospatial proxies for soil density and soil saturation, the most promising geospatial parameters are slope-derived VS30, modeled water table depth, distance to coast, distance to river, distance to closest water body, and precipitation. We found that peak ground velocity (PGV) performs better than peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the shaking intensity parameter. We present two models which offer improved performance over prior models. We evaluate model performance using the area under the curve under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and the Brier score. The best-performing model in a coastal setting uses distance to coast but is problematic for regions away from the coast. The second best model, using PGV, VS30, water table depth, distance to closest water body, and precipitation, performs better in noncoastal regions and thus is the model we recommend for global implementation.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160198","usgsCitation":"Zhu, J., Baise, L.G., and Thompson, E.M., 2017, An updated geospatial liquefaction model for global application: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 3, p. 1365-1385, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160198.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"1365","endPage":"1385","ipdsId":"IP-081714","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, New Zealand","city":"Christchurch, Kobe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 172.8053283691406,\n -43.57939602461447\n ],\n [\n 172.73529052734375,\n -43.39007990915452\n ],\n [\n 172.65289306640625,\n -43.40205426790564\n ],\n [\n 172.5457763671875,\n -43.4509250075837\n ],\n [\n 172.51007080078122,\n -43.500752435690394\n ],\n [\n 172.4798583984375,\n -43.5515340832395\n ],\n [\n 172.48809814453125,\n -43.593322162687436\n ],\n [\n 172.52105712890625,\n -43.62712937016884\n ],\n [\n 172.58834838867188,\n -43.65098183989868\n ],\n [\n 172.628173828125,\n -43.659924074789096\n ],\n [\n 172.8053283691406,\n -43.57939602461447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 135.10025024414062,\n 34.64394177616416\n ],\n [\n 135.1318359375,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n 135.1819610595703,\n 34.61456158160819\n ],\n [\n 135.24032592773438,\n 34.61456158160819\n ],\n [\n 135.30555725097653,\n 34.62699293367839\n ],\n [\n 135.3206634521484,\n 34.64733112904415\n ],\n [\n 135.3289031982422,\n 34.68573411017608\n ],\n [\n 135.31997680664062,\n 34.722426197808446\n ],\n [\n 135.31173706054688,\n 34.74894726028228\n ],\n [\n 135.2849578857422,\n 34.75853788866992\n ],\n [\n 135.24238586425778,\n 34.75458894128615\n ],\n [\n 135.1922607421875,\n 34.742740966060076\n ],\n [\n 135.14076232910156,\n 34.72355492704221\n ],\n [\n 135.10025024414062,\n 34.64394177616416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6e1e4b0764e6c602149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Jing","contributorId":152048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Jing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baise, Laurie G.","contributorId":127395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baise","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":146592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188407,"text":"70188407 - 2017 - Collecting a better water-quality sample: Reducing vertical stratification bias in open and closed channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T15:03:15","indexId":"70188407","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Collecting a better water-quality sample: Reducing vertical stratification bias in open and closed channels","docAbstract":"Collection of water-quality samples that accurately characterize average particle concentrations and distributions in channels can be complicated by large sources of variability. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a fully automated Depth-Integrated Sample Arm (DISA) as a way to reduce bias and improve accuracy in water-quality concentration data. The DISA was designed to integrate with existing autosampler configurations commonly used for the collection of water-quality samples in vertical profile thereby providing a better representation of average suspended sediment and sediment-associated pollutant concentrations and distributions than traditional fixed-point samplers. In controlled laboratory experiments, known concentrations of suspended sediment ranging from 596 to 1,189 mg/L were injected into a 3 foot diameter closed channel (circular pipe) with regulated flows ranging from 1.4 to 27.8 ft3 /s. Median suspended sediment concentrations in water-quality samples collected using the DISA were within 7 percent of the known, injected value compared to 96 percent for traditional fixed-point samplers. Field evaluation of this technology in open channel fluvial systems showed median differences between paired DISA and fixed-point samples to be within 3 percent. The range of particle size measured in the open channel was generally that of clay and silt. Differences between the concentration and distribution measured between the two sampler configurations could potentially be much larger in open channels that transport larger particles, such as sand.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Interior","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., 2017, Collecting a better water-quality sample: Reducing vertical stratification bias in open and closed channels, in Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060694","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6e1e4b0764e6c602147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187278,"text":"fs20173032 - 2017 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Heath Formation, central Montana and western North Dakota, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T09:30:39","indexId":"fs20173032","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3032","title":" Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Heath Formation, central Montana and western North Dakota, 2016","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 884 million barrels of oil and 106 billion cubic feet of gas in the North-Central Montana and Williston Basin Provinces of central Montana and western North Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173032","usgsCitation":"Drake, R.M., II, Schenk, C.J., Klett, T.R., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Brownfield, M.E., Finn, T.M., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., and Tennyson, M.E., 2017, Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Heath Formation, central Montana and western North Dakota, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3032, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173032.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-082665","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438302,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75D8QRW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - North-Central Montana and Williston Basin Provinces, Heath Formation Assessment Unit Boundaries"},{"id":342017,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3013","text":"Fact Sheet 2013–3013 : Assessment of undiscovered oil resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations, Williston Basin Province, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 2013"},{"id":342015,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3032/fs20173032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"468 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3032"},{"id":342016,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1167","text":"Open-File Report 2011–1167: USGS methodology for assessing continuous petroleum resources"},{"id":342014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -104.13940429687499,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -104.87548828125,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -105.44677734375,\n 47.58393661978134\n ],\n [\n -106.44653320312499,\n 47.53203824675999\n ],\n [\n -111.785888671875,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 47.42065432071318\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 47.204642388766935\n ],\n [\n -112.554931640625,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -106.534423828125,\n 46.03510927947334\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -103.546142578125,\n 46.42271253466717\n ],\n [\n -103.348388671875,\n 46.912750956378915\n ],\n [\n -103.348388671875,\n 47.331377157798244\n ],\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 47.65058757118734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The Piney Point aquifer in Virginia is newly described and delineated as being composed of six geologic units, in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ). The eastward-dipping geologic units include, in stratigraphically ascending order, the
Identification of geologic units is based on typical sediment lithologies of geologic formations. Fine-grained sediments that compose confining units positioned immediately above and below the Piney Point aquifer are also described.
The Piney Point aquifer is one of several confined aquifers within the Virginia Coastal Plain and includes a highly porous and solution-channeled indurated limestone within the Piney Point Formation from which withdrawals are made. The limestone is relatively continuous laterally across central parts of the Northern Neck, Middle Peninsula, and York-James Peninsula. Other geologic units are of variable extent. The configurations of most of the geologic units are further affected by newly identified faults that are aligned radially from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater and create constrictions or barriers to groundwater flow. Some geologic units are also truncated beneath the lower Rappahannock River by a resurge channel associated with the impact crater.
Groundwater withdrawals from the Piney Point aquifer increased from approximately 1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) during 1900 to 7.35 Mgal/d during 2004. As a result, a water-level cone of depression in James City and northern York Counties was estimated to be as low as 70 feet (ft) below the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) by 2005. Withdrawals decreased to 5.01 Mgal/d by 2009 as withdrawals were shifted toward other sources, and by 2015 water levels had recovered to approximately 50 ft below NGVD 29.
The mean estimated transmissivity of the Piney Point aquifer in York and James City Counties is 16,300 feet squared per day (ft2/d), but farther north it is only 925 ft2/d. The mean well specific capacity in York and James City Counties is 11.4 gallons per minute per foot (gal/min/ft). Farther north in Virginia, mean specific capacity is only 2.26 gal/min/ft, and in Maryland it is 0.99 gal/min/ft. The northward decrease in specific capacity probably reflects the northward decrease in transmissivity, which results from poor development of the solution-channeled limestone.
An aquifer test in northern York County induced vertical leakage to the solution-channeled limestone from overlying silty sand and a change in response of the aquifer to pumping from a single layer to two layers. Transmissivity of the limestone of approximately 19,800 ft2/d was distinguished from the silty sand of approximately 2,500 ft2/d.
Most of the water in the Piney Point aquifer is slightly alkaline with moderate concentrations primarily of sodium and bicarbonate that are slightly undersaturated with respect to calcite. Iron concentrations are generally less than 0.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Mixing of freshwater with seawater has elevated chloride concentrations to the southeast to as much as 7,120 mg/L.
Information on the Piney Point aquifer can benefit water-resource management in siting production wells, predicting likely well yield, and anticipating water-level response to withdrawals. Models that vertically discretize individual geologic units can potentially be used to evaluate groundwater flow in greater detail by representing lateral flow and vertical leakage among the geologic units.
Because groundwater withdrawals are made primarily from the limestone and sand of the Piney Point Formation, the VA DEQ has considered regarding the limestone and sand singly as a regulated aquifer apart from the other geologic units. Under current policy in Virginia, if only the limestone and sand were regarded as a regulated aquifer, a greater amount of drawdown would be allowed than is allowed for the Piney Point aquifer consisting of six geologic units. Some production wells intercept multiple geologic units, and the units can undergo water-level decline and vertical leakage induced by pumping from the limestone and sand. Whether the other geologic units are to be regarded as regulated aquifers is an additional consideration for the VA DEQ.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, E.R., 2017, Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic conditions of the Piney Point aquifer in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5041, 63 p., 2 pl., and CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175041.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 62 p.; 2 Plates: 24 x 36 inches and 36 x 24 inches; Appendixes 1-2; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075864","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342072,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/readme.txt","size":"1.27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":342068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Borehole Geologic-Unit Top-Surface Altitudes, Piney Point Aquifer, Virginia"},{"id":342066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 ","size":"23.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Aquifer-Component Test data, Piney Point Aquifer, Virginia"},{"id":342071,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 ","size":"397 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Hydrogeologic Sections A–A’, B–B’, and C–C’ of the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"},{"id":342076,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BV7DV5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic Framework and Hydrologic Conditions of the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"},{"id":342067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5041"},{"id":342070,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 ","size":"444 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Locations of Boreholes and Extent of Productive Limestone in the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.291667,\n 38.291667\n ],\n [\n -76.208333,\n 38.291667\n ],\n [\n -76.208333,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -77.291667,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -77.291667,\n 38.291667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The southern portion of New Zealand's South Island is a productive area for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) despite a notable lack of permanent or semi-permanent wetlands. Most broods are reared in pastures that may or may not be flooded with ephemeral water. In recent years, there has been an increased conversion from continuous to sporadic grazing that has resulted in a functional change in the emergent and upland vegetation available for broods. In 2014, we investigated mallard duckling survival on different pastures relative to a suite of characteristics pertaining to the adult female, clutch, brood, weather, and habitat. We monitored 438 ducklings from 50 radio-marked females to 30 days post-hatch. Duckling survival was unaffected by pasture type but increased with duckling age, the presence of ephemeral water, and with greater distance from the nearest anthropogenic structure. Survival was lower for broods of second year (SY) females than for broods of after-second year (ASY) females, in areas with more dense cover, and when ducklings moved, on average, greater daily distances. Cumulative 30-day duckling survival ranged from 0.11 for ducklings of SY females without ephemeral water present to 0.46 for ducklings of ASY females with ephemeral water present. Therefore, increasing available seasonal water sources may increase duckling survival. Further, narrow, linear patches of dense cover present in our study could support a greater abundance of predators or increase their foraging efficiency. As such, managers could consider increasing patch sizes of dense cover to reduce predator efficiency, and employing predator removal in these areas to improve duckling survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21256","usgsCitation":"Garrick, E., Amundson, C.L., and Seddon, P.J., 2017, Duckling survival of mallards in Southland, New Zealand: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 81, no. 5, p. 858-867, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21256.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"858","endPage":"867","ipdsId":"IP-079621","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Southland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 167.552490234375,\n -46.86019101567025\n ],\n [\n 169.87060546875,\n -46.86019101567025\n ],\n [\n 169.87060546875,\n -46.30140615437331\n ],\n [\n 167.552490234375,\n -46.30140615437331\n ],\n [\n 167.552490234375,\n -46.86019101567025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910aae4b0764e6c5e884a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrick, Erin","contributorId":192685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrick","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seddon, Phillip J.","contributorId":147258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seddon","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188379,"text":"70188379 - 2017 - Performance and application of a fluidized bed limestone reactor designed for control of alkalinity, hardness and pH at the Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:59:57","indexId":"70188379","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance and application of a fluidized bed limestone reactor designed for control of alkalinity, hardness and pH at the Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center","docAbstract":"Springs serving the Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center, Warm Springs, Georgia, have pH, alkalinity, and hardness levels thatlie under the range required for successful fish propagation while free CO2 is well above allowable targets. We evaluate a pretreatment process that exploits limestone’s (CaCO3) ability to react away hydrogen ions (H+) and carbon dioxide (CO2) while increasing alkalinity (HCO3−) and calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, i.e.
CaCO3 + H+ ↔ HCO3− + Ca2+
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O ↔ Ca2+ + 2HCO3−
Limestone sand was tested in both pilot and full scale fluidized bed reactors (CycloBio®). We first established the bed expansion characteristics of three commercial limestone products then evaluated the effect of hydraulic flux and bed height on dissolution rate of a single selected product (Type A16 × 120). Pilot scale testing at 18C showed limestone dissolution rates were relatively insensitive to flux over the range 1.51–3.03 m3/min/m2 but were sensitive (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.881) to changes in bed height (BH, cm) over the range 83–165 cm following the relation: (Alkalinity, mg/L) = 123.51 − (3788.76 (BH)). Differences between filtered and non-filtered alkalinity were small(P > 0.05) demonstrating that limestone was present in the reactor effluent primarily in the form of dissolved Ca(HCO3)2. Effluent alkalinity exceeded our target level of 50 mg/L under most operating conditions evaluated with typical pilot scale values falling within the range of 90–100 mg/L despite influent concentrations of about 4 mg/L. Concurrently, CO2 fell from an average of 50.6 mg/L to 8.3 mg/L (90%), providing for an increase in pH from 5.27 to a mean of 7.71. The ability of the test reactor to provide changes in water chemistry variables that exceeded required changes allowed for a dilution ratio of 0.6. Here, alkalinity still exceeded 50 mg/L, the CO2 concentration remained well below our limit of 20 mg/L (15.4 mg/L) and the pH was near neutral (7.17). Applying the dilution ratio of 0.6 in a full scale treatment plant at the site reduced by 40% the volume of spring water that is directed through each of three parallel reactors that combined react away 49,000 kg of limestone/yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Aquacultural Engineering Society","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.03.003","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., Mudrak, V.A., Echevarria, C., Sibrell, P., Summerfelt, S.T., and Boyd, C.E., 2017, Performance and application of a fluidized bed limestone reactor designed for control of alkalinity, hardness and pH at the Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 77, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-081684","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a8e4b0764e6c5e8840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mudrak, Vincent A.","contributorId":192707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mudrak","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echevarria, Carlos","contributorId":192708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Echevarria","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sibrell, Philip 0000-0001-5666-1228 psibrell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-1228","contributorId":168582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Summerfelt, Steven T.","contributorId":192709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182226,"text":"70182226 - 2017 - Climate change-induced vegetation shifts lead to more ecological droughts despite projected rainfall increases in many global temperate drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-04T11:45:53","indexId":"70182226","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change-induced vegetation shifts lead to more ecological droughts despite projected rainfall increases in many global temperate drylands","docAbstract":"Drylands occur world-wide and are particularly vulnerable to climate change since dryland ecosystems depend directly on soil water availability that may become increasingly limited as temperatures rise. Climate change will both directly impact soil water availability, and also change plant biomass, with resulting indirect feedbacks on soil moisture. Thus, the net impact of direct and indirect climate change effects on soil moisture requires better understanding.
We used the ecohydrological simulation model SOILWAT at sites from temperate dryland ecosystems around the globe to disentangle the contributions of direct climate change effects and of additional indirect, climate change-induced changes in vegetation on soil water availability. We simulated current and future climate conditions projected by 16 GCMs under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the end of the century. We determined shifts in water availability due to climate change alone and due to combined changes of climate and the growth form and biomass of vegetation.
Vegetation change will mostly exacerbate low soil water availability in regions already expected to suffer from negative direct impacts of climate change (with the two RCP scenarios giving us qualitatively similar effects). By contrast, in regions that will likely experience increased water availability due to climate change alone, vegetation changes will counteract these increases due to increased water losses by interception. In only a small minority of locations, climate change induced vegetation changes may lead to a net increase in water availability. These results suggest that changes in vegetation in response to climate change may exacerbate drought conditions and may dampen the effects of increased precipitation, i.e. leading to more ecological droughts despite higher precipitation in some regions. Our results underscore the value of considering indirect effects of climate change on vegetation when assessing future soil moisture conditions in water-limited ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13598","usgsCitation":"Tietjen, B., Schlaepfer, D., Bradford, J.B., Laurenroth, W.K., Hall, S.A., Duniway, M.C., Hochstrasser, T., Jia, G., Munson, S.M., Pyke, D.A., and Wilson, S.D., 2017, Climate change-induced vegetation shifts lead to more ecological droughts despite projected rainfall increases in many global temperate drylands: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 7, p. 2743-2754, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13598.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2743","endPage":"2754","ipdsId":"IP-079913","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc2e4b01ccd54f8b521","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gcb.13598","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13598","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Tietjen Britta, Schlaepfer Daniel R., Bradford John B., Lauenroth William K., Hall Sonia A., Duniway Michael C., Hochstrasser Tamara, Jia Gensuo, Munson Seth M., Pyke David A., Wilson Scott D.","journalName":"Global Change Biology","publicationDate":"3/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"3/6/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tietjen, Britta","contributorId":181517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tietjen","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laurenroth, William K.","contributorId":175203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laurenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Sonia A.","contributorId":181518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hochstrasser, Tamara","contributorId":181931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hochstrasser","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jia, Gensuo","contributorId":181520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Gensuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wilson, Scott D.","contributorId":181519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70188391,"text":"70188391 - 2017 - The 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake sequence: Source constraints using calibrated multiple event relocation and InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:55:35","indexId":"70188391","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake sequence: Source constraints using calibrated multiple event relocation and InSAR","docAbstract":"The 2008 Wells, NV earthquake represents the largest domestic event in the conterminous U.S. outside of California since the October 1983 Borah Peak earthquake in southern Idaho. We present an improved catalog, magnitude complete to 1.6, of the foreshock-aftershock sequence, supplementing the current U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) catalog with 1,928 well-located events. In order to create this catalog, both subspace and kurtosis detectors are used to obtain an initial set of earthquakes and associated locations. The latter are then calibrated through the implementation of the hypocentroidal decomposition method and relocated using the BayesLoc relocation technique. We additionally perform a finite fault slip analysis of the mainshock using InSAR observations. By combining the relocated sequence with the finite fault analysis, we show that the aftershocks occur primarily updip and along the southwestern edge of the zone of maximum slip. The aftershock locations illuminate areas of post-mainshock strain increase; aftershock depths, ranging from 5 to 16 km, are consistent with InSAR imaging, which shows that the Wells earthquake was a buried source with no observable near-surface offset.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160298","usgsCitation":"Nealy, J., Benz, H.M., Hayes, G.P., Berman, E., and Barnhart, W., 2017, The 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake sequence: Source constraints using calibrated multiple event relocation and InSAR: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 3, p. 1107-1117, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160298.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1117","ipdsId":"IP-082805","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WS8RFK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Earthquake Relocations for the 2008 Wells, Nevada Earthquake Sequence"},{"id":342256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Wells","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a6e4b0764e6c5e883a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nealy, Jennifer 0000-0002-6743-2487 jnealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-2487","contributorId":147559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jnealy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":147556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berman, Eric","contributorId":192729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berman","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. 0000-0003-0498-1697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1697","contributorId":192730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188385,"text":"70188385 - 2017 - Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and phosphorus filter pairing to minimize pollution swapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:26:26","indexId":"70188385","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and phosphorus filter pairing to minimize pollution swapping","docAbstract":"Pairing denitrifying woodchip bioreactors and phosphorus-sorbing filters provides a unique, engineered approach for dual nutrient removal from waters impaired with both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This column study aimed to test placement of two P-filter media (acid mine drainage treatment residuals and steel slag) relative to a denitrifying system to maximize N and P removal and minimize pollution swapping under varying flow conditions (i.e., woodchip column hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 7.2, 18, and 51 h; P-filter HRTs of 7.6–59 min). Woodchip denitrification columns were placed either upstream or downstream of P-filters filled with either medium. The configuration with woodchip denitrifying systems placed upstream of the P-filters generally provided optimized dissolved P removal efficiencies and removal rates. The P-filters placed upstream of the woodchip columns exhibited better P removal than downstream-placed P-filters only under overly long (i.e., N-limited) retention times when highly reduced effluent exited the woodchip bioreactors. The paired configurations using mine drainage residuals provided significantly greater P removal than the steel slag P-filters (e.g., 25–133 versus 8.8–48 g P removed m−3 filter media d−1, respectively), but there were no significant differences in N removal between treatments (removal rates: 8.0–18 g N removed m−3 woodchips d−1; N removal efficiencies: 18–95% across all HRTs). The range of HRTs tested here resulted in various undesirable pollution swapping by-products from the denitrifying bioreactors: nitrite production when nitrate removal was not complete and sulfate reduction, chemical oxygen demand production and decreased pH during overly long retention times. The downstream P-filter placement provided a polishing step for removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.026","usgsCitation":"Christianson, L.E., Lepine, C., Sibrell, P., Penn, C.J., and Summerfelt, S.T., 2017, Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and phosphorus filter pairing to minimize pollution swapping: Water Research, v. 121, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-084848","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a7e4b0764e6c5e883c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christianson, Laura E.","contributorId":192714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christianson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lepine, Christine","contributorId":192715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepine","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibrell, Philip 0000-0001-5666-1228 psibrell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-1228","contributorId":168582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penn, Chad J.","contributorId":116060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penn","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Summerfelt, Steven T.","contributorId":192709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188355,"text":"70188355 - 2017 - Perturbational and nonperturbational inversion of Rayleigh-wave velocities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T08:33:59","indexId":"70188355","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perturbational and nonperturbational inversion of Rayleigh-wave velocities","docAbstract":"The inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves is a classic geophysical inverse problem. We have developed a set of MATLAB codes that performs forward modeling and inversion of Rayleigh-wave phase or group velocity measurements. We describe two different methods of inversion: a perturbational method based on finite elements and a nonperturbational method based on the recently developed Dix-type relation for Rayleigh waves. In practice, the nonperturbational method can be used to provide a good starting model that can be iteratively improved with the perturbational method. Although the perturbational method is well-known, we solve the forward problem using an eigenvalue/eigenvector solver instead of the conventional approach of root finding. Features of the codes include the ability to handle any mix of phase or group velocity measurements, combinations of modes of any order, the presence of a surface water layer, computation of partial derivatives due to changes in material properties and layer boundaries, and the implementation of an automatic grid of layers that is optimally suited for the depth sensitivity of Rayleigh waves.
Demand for the opportunity to participate in a synthesis-center activity has increased in the years since the US National Science Foundation (NSF)–funded National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) opened its doors in 1995 and as more scientists across a diversity of scientific disciplines have become aware of what synthesis centers provide. The NSF has funded four synthesis centers, and more than a dozen new synthesis centers have been established around the world, some following the NSF model and others following different models suited to their national funding environment (http://synthesis-consortium.org).
Scientific synthesis integrates diverse data and knowledge to increase the scope and applicability of results and yield novel insights or explanations within and across disciplines (Pickett et al. 2007, Carpenter et al. 2009). The demand for synthesis comes from the pressing societal need to address grand challenges related to global change and other issues that cut across multiple societal sectors and disciplines and from recognition that substantial added scientific value can be achieved through the synthesis-based analysis of existing data. Demand also comes from groups of scientists who see exciting opportunities to generate new knowledge from interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration, often capitalizing on the increasingly large volume and variety of available data (Kelling et al. 2009, Bishop et al. 2014, Specht et al. 2015b). The ever-changing nature of societal challenges and the availability of data with which to address them suggest there will be an expanding need for synthesis.
However, we are now entering a phase in which government support for some existing synthesis centers has ended or will be ending soon, forcing those centers to close or develop new operational models, approaches, and funding streams. We argue here that synthesis centers play such a unique role in science that continued long-term public investment to maximize benefits to science and society is justified. In particular, we argue that synthesis centers represent community infrastructure more akin to research vessels than to term-funded centers of science and technology (e.g., NSF Science and Technology Centers). Through our experience running synthesis centers and, in some cases, developing postfederal funding models, we offer our perspective on the purpose and value of synthesis centers. We present case studies of different outcomes of transition plans and argue for a fundamental shift in the conception of synthesis science and the strategic funding of these centers by government funding agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/biosci/bix053","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Specht, A., Garnier, E., Bishop, P., Campbell, C.A., Davis, F., Fady, B., Field, D., Gross, L.J., Guru, S.M., Halpern, B., Hampton, S.E., Leavitt, P.R., Meagher, T.R., Ometto, J., Parker, J.N., Price, R., Rawson, C.H., Rodrigo, A., Sheble, L.A., and Winter, M., 2017, Synthesis centers as critical research infrastructure: BioScience, v. 67, no. 8, p. 750-759, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix053.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"750","endPage":"759","ipdsId":"IP-084553","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595ca913e4b0d1f9f054ca12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Specht, Alison","contributorId":178726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Specht","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garnier, Eric","contributorId":194148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garnier","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Pamela","contributorId":178724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, C. Andrew","contributorId":194149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Frank W.","contributorId":70273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fady, Bruno","contributorId":194150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fady","given":"Bruno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Dawn","contributorId":194151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gross, Louis J.","contributorId":56705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Guru, Siddeswara M.","contributorId":194152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guru","given":"Siddeswara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Halpern, Benjamin S","contributorId":178719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halpern","given":"Benjamin S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hampton, Stephanie E.","contributorId":178718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hampton","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavitt, Peter R.","contributorId":173070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Meagher, Thomas R.","contributorId":178725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meagher","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ometto, Jean","contributorId":194154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ometto","given":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Parker, John N.","contributorId":178722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Price, Richard","contributorId":194155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Rawson, Casey H.","contributorId":194156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rawson","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Rodrigo, Allen","contributorId":194157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigo","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sheble, Laura A.","contributorId":194158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheble","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Winter, Marten","contributorId":178720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Marten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70188372,"text":"70188372 - 2017 - Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T13:52:08","indexId":"70188372","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate","docAbstract":"Despite changes in shrub cover and weather patterns associated with climate change in the Arctic, little is known about the breeding requirements of most passerines tied to northern regions. We investigated the nesting biology and nest habitat characteristics of Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius pictus) in 2 study areas in the Brooks Range of Alaska, USA. First, we examined variation in nesting phenology in relation to local temperatures. We then characterized nesting habitat and analyzed nest-site selection for a subset of nests (n = 86) in comparison with paired random points. Finally, we estimated the daily survival rate of 257 nests found in 2007–2013 with respect to both habitat characteristics and weather variables. Nest initiation was delayed in years with snow events, heavy rain, and freezing temperatures early in the breeding season. Nests were typically found in open, low-shrub tundra, and never among tall shrubs (mean shrub height at nests = 26.8 ± 6.7 cm). We observed weak nest-site selection patterns. Considering the similarity between nest sites and paired random points, coupled with the unique social mating system of Smith's Longspurs, we suggest that habitat selection may occur at the neighborhood scale and not at the nest-site scale. The best approximating model explaining nest survival suggested a positive relationship with the numbers of days above 21°C that an individual nest experienced; there was little support for models containing habitat variables. The daily nest survival rate was high (0.972–0.982) compared with that of most passerines in forested or grassland habitats, but similar to that of passerines nesting on tundra. Considering their high nesting success and ability to delay nest initiation during inclement weather, Smith's Longspurs may be resilient to predicted changes in weather regimes on the breeding grounds. Thus, the greatest threat to breeding Smith's Longspurs associated with climate change may be the loss of low-shrub habitat types, which could significantly change the characteristics of breeding areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-87.1","usgsCitation":"McFarland, H.R., Kendall, S.J., and Powell, A., 2017, Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate: The Condor, v. 119, no. 1, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-87.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-066082","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-87.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Atigun Gorge, Slope Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.42779541015625,\n 68.38754917350626\n ],\n [\n -149.32411193847656,\n 68.38754917350626\n ],\n [\n -149.32411193847656,\n 68.42621140720802\n ],\n [\n -149.42779541015625,\n 68.42621140720802\n ],\n [\n -149.42779541015625,\n 68.38754917350626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.26025390624997,\n 68.24954858146121\n ],\n [\n -149.15725708007812,\n 68.24954858146121\n ],\n [\n -149.15725708007812,\n 68.28895380229444\n ],\n [\n -149.26025390624997,\n 68.28895380229444\n ],\n [\n -149.26025390624997,\n 68.24954858146121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a9e4b0764e6c5e8846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, Heather R.","contributorId":192723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFarland","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Steve J. 0000-0002-9290-5629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-5629","contributorId":169663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188373,"text":"70188373 - 2017 - Efficacy of SpayVac® as a contraceptive in feral horses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:28:54","indexId":"70188373","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of SpayVac® as a contraceptive in feral horses","docAbstract":"ABSTRACT We tested the efficacy of 2 formulations of the immunocontraceptive SpayVac1, which packages the immunogen porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and an adjuvant in multilamellar liposomes, as a contraceptive in captive feral horses (Equus caballus) for 3 consecutive breeding seasons (Pauls Valley, OK, USA; 2012–2014) following a single inoculation. Annual fertility rates in control adult female horses (n ¼ 30 each yr) were 100%, 96.7%, and 100%. In the nonaqueous treatment group, fertility was 16.7% in the first year (n ¼ 30) and 75.9% in the second year (n ¼ 29), at which point we dropped the group from the study. Fertility rates in the aqueous group were 13.3%, 46.7%, and 43.3% (n ¼ 30 each yr). Fifteen of the females in the aqueous group were infertile in all 3 years. Across 11 sampling dates postvaccination, mean PZP antibody titers in serum were 33.7–91.9% greater in nonpregnant females than pregnant females for the aqueous treatment group and 7.8–82.8% greater for the nonaqueous group. However, the 15 consistently infertile females did not necessarily have the greatest antibody titers. Reactions at the injection site occurred in 29.8% of the 84 females that received an injection other than saline solution, but there was no evidence that the reactions were painful or affected mobility. The nonaqueous formulation produced more local reactions than did the aqueous, but presence of PZP did not increase the frequency of reactions above that seen with liposomes þ adjuvant. Uterine edema was not found at frequencies greater than would be expected in untreated females. Additional research to explore relationships between vaccine dose, adjuvant, and efficacy is warranted. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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\"}}]}\n","volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a9e4b0764e6c5e8844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germaine, Stephen S. 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":192417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephen","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kane, Albert J.","contributorId":192705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188378,"text":"70188378 - 2017 - Repeatability of testing a small broadband sensor in the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Underground Vault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:48:22","indexId":"70188378","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatability of testing a small broadband sensor in the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Underground Vault","docAbstract":"Variability in seismic instrumentation performance plays a fundamental role in our ability to carry out experiments in observational seismology. Many such experiments rely on the assumed performance of various seismic sensors as well as on methods to isolate the sensors from nonseismic noise sources. We look at the repeatability of estimating the self‐noise, midband sensitivity, and the relative orientation by comparing three collocated Nanometrics Trillium Compact sensors. To estimate the repeatability, we conduct a total of 15 trials in which one sensor is repeatedly reinstalled, alongside two undisturbed sensors. We find that we are able to estimate the midband sensitivity with an error of no greater than 0.04% with a 99th percentile confidence, assuming a standard normal distribution. We also find that we are able to estimate mean sensor self‐noise to within ±5.6 dB with a 99th percentile confidence in the 30–100‐s‐period band. Finally, we find our relative orientation errors have a mean difference in orientation of 0.0171° from the reference, but our trials have a standard deviation of 0.78°.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170006","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Holland, A., and Wilson, D.C., 2017, Repeatability of testing a small broadband sensor in the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Underground Vault: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 3, p. 1557-1563, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1557","endPage":"1563","ipdsId":"IP-081437","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a8e4b0764e6c5e8842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, Austin 0000-0002-7843-1981 aaholland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-1981","contributorId":173969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Austin","email":"aaholland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193216,"text":"70193216 - 2017 - Paleozoic and mesozoic GIS data from the Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region: Volume 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T10:14:29","indexId":"70193216","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Paleozoic and mesozoic GIS data from the Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region: Volume 1","docAbstract":"The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is, once again, publishing portions of the 1972 Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region (Mallory, ed., 1972) as a geospatial map and data package. Georeferenced tiff (Geo TIFF) images of map figures from this atlas has served as the basis for these data products. Shapefiles and file geodatabase features have been generated and cartographically represented for select pages from the following chapters:
• Phanerozoic Rocks (page 56)
• Cambrian System (page 63)
• Ordovician System (pages 78 and 79)
• Silurian System (pages 87 - 89)
• Devonian System (pages 93, 94, and 96 - 98)
• Mississippian System (pages 102 and 103)
• Pennsylvanian System (pages 114 and 115)
• Permian System (pages 146 and 149 - 154)
• Triassic System (pages 168 and 169)
• Jurassic System (pages 179 and 180)
• Cretaceous System (pages 197 - 201, 207 - 210, 215, - 218, 221, 222, 224, 225, and 227).
The primary purpose of this publication is to provide regional-scale, as well as local-scale, geospatial data of the Rocky Mountain Region for use in geoscience studies. An important aspect of this interactive map product is that it does not require extensive GIS experience or highly specialized software.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"2017, Paleozoic and mesozoic GIS data from the Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region: Volume 1, e-book.","productDescription":"e-book","ipdsId":"IP-079177","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347815,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.rmag.org/paleozoic---mesozoic-gis-data"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425b7e4b0dc0b45b45359","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Graeber, Aimee 0000-0001-5671-3403 agraeber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-3403","contributorId":169548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graeber","given":"Aimee","email":"agraeber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720863,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunther, Gregory L. 0000-0002-1761-1604 ggunther@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-1604","contributorId":1581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Gregory","email":"ggunther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720864,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188156,"text":"sir20175029 - 2017 - Flood of July 2016 in northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T09:34:07","indexId":"sir20175029","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-06T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5029","title":"Flood of July 2016 in northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation","docAbstract":"Heavy rain fell across northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation on July 11, 2016, as a result of several rounds of thunderstorms. The storms caused major flooding in the Bad River Basin and nearby tributaries along the south shore of Lake Superior. Rainfall totals were 8–10 inches or more and most of the rain fell in an 8-hour period. A streamgage on the Bad River near Odanah, Wisconsin, rose from 300 cubic feet per second to a record peak streamflow of 40,000 cubic feet per second in only 15 hours. Following the storms and through September 2016, personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey and Bad River Tribe Natural Resources Department recovered and documented 108 high-water marks near the Bad River Reservation. Many of these high-water marks were used to create three flood-inundation maps for the Bad River, Beartrap Creek, and Denomie Creek for the Bad River Reservation in the vicinity of the community of Odanah.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Tribe","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Dantoin, E.D., Tillison, Naomi, Watson, K.M., Waschbusch, R.J., and Blount, J.D., 2017, Flood of July 2016 in northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5029, 21 p., 1 app., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175029.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-080637","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/get/592eda03e4b092b266f13e44","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood Inundation, Flood Depth, and High-Water Marks Associated with the Flood of July 2016 in Northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation "},{"id":438305,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78C9THZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood Inundation, Flood Depth, and High-Water Marks Associated with the Flood of July 2016 in Northern Wisconsin and the Bad River Reservation"},{"id":342095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5029/sir20175029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5029"},{"id":342094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5029/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.3333,\n 45.955\n ],\n [\n -90.25,\n 45.955\n ],\n [\n -90.25,\n 47.166667\n ],\n [\n -92.3333,\n 47.166667\n ],\n [\n -92.3333,\n 45.955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
During two seasonal sampling events in spring (June) and fall (August) of 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey collected benthos (benthic invertebrates) and plankton (zooplankton and phytoplankton) at three sites each in the Waukegan Harbor Area of Concern (AOC) in Illinois and in Burns Harbor-Port of Indiana, a non-AOC comparison site in Indiana. The study was done in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Samples were collected concurrently for physical and chemical parameters (specific conductance, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, total and volatile suspended solids in water samples; particle size and volatile-on-ignition solids of sediment in dredge samples). The purpose of the study was to assess whether or not aquatic communities at the AOC were degraded in comparison to communities at the non-AOC, which was presumed to be less impaired than the AOC. Benthos were collected by using Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers and a Ponar® dredge sampler to collect composited grabs of bottom sediment; zooplankton were collected by using tows from depth to the surface with a 63-micrometer mesh plankton net; phytoplankton were collected by using whole water samples composited from set depth intervals. Aquatic communities at the AOC and the non-AOC were compared by use of univariate statistical analyses with metrics such as taxa richness (number of unique taxa), diversity, and a multimetric Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI, for artificial-substrate samples only) as well as by use of multivariate statistical analyses of taxa relative abundances.
Although benthos communities at Waukegan Harbor AOC were not rated as degraded in comparison to the non-AOC, metrics for zooplankton and phytoplankton communities did show some impairment for the 2015 sampling. Across seasons, benthos richness and diversity were significantly higher and rated as less degraded at the AOC compared to the non-AOC; however, benthos IBIs were not significantly different. Multivariate comparisons revealed that the benthos communities in the AOC and non-AOC were significantly different, but these comparisons do not address current degradation in either harbor. The dominant taxa in dredge samples were oligochaete worms in both harbors, but there were differences in the relative abundances of Dreissena as well as oligochaete and midge taxa. Although zooplankton richness and diversity in the AOC were lower and rated as more degraded in spring, these metrics were rated as less degraded in fall compared to the non-AOC, effectively balancing out so that there was no difference across seasons. Multivariate comparisons also indicated that zooplankton communities in the AOC were significantly different from those in the non-AOC for spring only but not across seasons, possibly because of lower water temperatures in spring at Waukegan Harbor than at the non-AOC site. The spring zooplankton community in Waukegan Harbor was dominated in density and biomass by the rotifer Synchaeta. Across seasons, diatom richness was significantly higher and rated as less degraded in the AOC than the non-AOC because of spring values, whereas soft algae richness was significantly lower and rated as more degraded in the AOC because of fall values. Spring richness of combined phytoplankton (soft algae and diatoms) was significantly higher in the AOC than in the non-AOC. Neither diatom diversity nor soft algae diversity differed significantly between the harbors, but combined phytoplankton diversity across seasons, if replicates were included, was significantly lower and rated as more degraded in the AOC than in the non-AOC. Multivariate tests indicated that the combined phytoplankton communities in the harbors were not significantly different across seasons. Significant differences were not found between harbors for chlorophyll-a, suspended solids, algal densities, or biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes National Program Office","usgsCitation":"Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Templar, H.A., Burns, D.J., Dobrowolski, E.G., and Schmude, K.L., 2017, Comparison of benthos and plankton for Waukegan Harbor Area of Concern, Illinois, and Burns Harbor-Port of Indiana non-Area of Concern, Indiana, in 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5039, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175039.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077261","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342062,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CN7259","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Benthos and Plankton data for Waukegan Harbor Area of Concern, Illinois, and Burns Harbor-Port of Indiana Non-Area of Concern, Indiana, in 2015"},{"id":342020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5039/sir20175039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5039"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Burns Harbor-Port of Indiana non-Area of Concern, Waukegon Harbor Area of Concern","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.827083,\n 42.374\n ],\n [\n -87.827083,\n 42.355\n ],\n [\n -87.808333,\n 42.355\n ],\n [\n -87.808333,\n 42.374\n ],\n [\n -87.827083,\n 42.374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.163889,\n 41.649\n ],\n [\n -87.144444,\n 41.649\n ],\n [\n -87.144444,\n 41.627778\n ],\n [\n -87.163889,\n 41.627778\n ],\n [\n -87.163889,\n 41.649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
A previously developed regional groundwater flow model was used to simulate the effects of changes in pumping rates on groundwater-flow paths and extent of recharge discharging to wells for a contaminated fractured bedrock aquifer in southeastern Pennsylvania. Groundwater in the vicinity of the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, was found to be contaminated with organic compounds, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), in 1979. At the time contamination was discovered, groundwater from the underlying fractured bedrock (shale) aquifer was the main source of supply for public drinking water and industrial use. As part of technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the Remedial Investigation of the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site from 2000 to 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a model of regional groundwater flow to describe changes in groundwater flow and contaminant directions as a result of changes in pumping. Subsequently, large decreases in TCE concentrations (as much as 400 micrograms per liter) were measured in groundwater samples collected by the EPA from selected wells in 2010 compared to 2005‒06 concentrations.
To provide insight on the fate of potentially contaminated groundwater during the period of generally decreasing pumping rates from 1990 to 2010, steady-state simulations were run using the previously developed groundwater-flow model for two conditions prior to extensive remediation, 1990 and 2000, two conditions subsequent to some remediation 2005 and 2010, and a No Pumping case, representing pre-development or cessation of pumping conditions. The model was used to (1) quantify the amount of recharge, including potentially contaminated recharge from sources near the land surface, that discharged to wells or streams and (2) delineate the areas contributing recharge that discharged to wells or streams for the five conditions.
In all simulations, groundwater divides differed from surface-water divides, partly because of differences in stream elevations and because of geologic structure and pumping. In the 1990 and 2000 simulations, all recharge in and near the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 discharged to wells, but in the 2005 and 2010 simulations some recharge in this area discharged to streams, indicating possible discharge of contaminated groundwater from North Penn Area 7 sources to streams. As the amount of groundwater withdrawals by wells has declined since 1990, the area contributing recharge to wells in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 has decreased.
To determine the effect of changes in pumping on flow paths and possible flow-path-related contributions to the observed changes in spatial distribution of contaminants in groundwater from 2005 to 2010, the USGS conducted simulations using the previously developed regional groundwater-flow model using reported pumping and estimated recharge rates for 2005 and 2010. Flow paths from recharge at known contaminant source areas to discharge locations at wells or streams were simulated under steady-state conditions for the two periods. Simulated groundwater-flow paths shifted only slightly from 2005 to 2010 as a result of changes in pumping rates. These slight changes in groundwater-flow paths from known sources of contamination are not coincident with the spatial distribution of observed changes in TCE concentrations from 2005 to 2010, indicating that the decreases of TCE concentrations may be a result of other processes, such as source removal or degradation. Results of the simulations and the absence of increases in TCE-degradation-product concentrations indicate that the decreases of TCE concentrations observed in 2010 may be at least partly related to contaminant-source removal by soil excavation completed in 2005, although additional data would be needed to confirm this preliminary explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Goode, D.J., 2017, Effects of changes in pumping on regional groundwater-flow paths, 2005 and 2010, and areas contributing recharge to discharging wells, 1990–2010, in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5014, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175014.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077142","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7FN14BQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release"},{"id":341337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5014/sir20175014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":341336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5014/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"North Penn Area 7 Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.304167,\n 40.244444\n ],\n [\n -75.263333,\n 40.244444\n ],\n [\n -75.263333,\n 40.205556\n ],\n [\n -75.304167,\n 40.205556\n ],\n [\n -75.304167,\n 40.244444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Beacon Rock 7.5′ quadrangle is located approximately 50 km east of Portland, Oregon, on the north side of the Columbia River Gorge, a scenic canyon carved through the axis of the Cascade Range by the Columbia River. Although approximately 75,000 people live within the gorge, much of the region remains little developed and is encompassed by the 292,500-acre Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, managed by a consortium of government agencies “to protect and provide for the enhancement of the scenic, cultural, recreational and natural resources of the Gorge and to protect and support the economy of the Columbia River Gorge area.” As the only low-elevation corridor through the Cascade Range, the gorge is a critical regional transportation and utilities corridor (Wang and Chaker, 2004). Major state and national highways and rail lines run along both shores of the Columbia River, which also provides important water access to ports in the agricultural interior of the Pacific Northwest. Transmission lines carry power from hydroelectric facilities in the gorge and farther east to the growing urban areas of western Oregon and Washington, and natural-gas pipelines transect the corridor (Wang and Chaker, 2004). These lifelines are highly vulnerable to disruption by earthquakes, landslides, and floods. A major purpose of the work described here is to identify and map geologic hazards, such as faults and landslide-prone areas, to provide more accurate assessments of the risks associated with these features.
The steep canyon walls of the map area reveal extensive outcrops of Miocene flood-basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group capped by fluvial deposits of the ancestral Columbia River, Pliocene lavas erupted from the axis of the Cascade arc to the east, and volcanic rocks erupted from numerous local vents. The Columbia River Basalt Group unconformably rests on a sequence of late Oligocene and early Miocene rocks of the ancestral Cascade volcanic arc, which underlies most of the map area. The resistant flood-basalt flows form some of the famous landforms in the map area, such as Hamilton Mountain. Extensive landslide complexes have developed where the basalt flows were emplaced on weak volcaniclastic rocks.
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Intrusive rock sequences in the central and eastern Mojave Desert segment of the Jurassic Cordilleran arc of the western United States record regional and temporal variations in magmas generated during the second prominent pulse of Mesozoic continental arc magmatism. U/Pb zircon ages provide temporal control for describing variations in rock and zircon geochemistry that reflect differences in magma source components. These source signatures are discernible through mixing and fractionation processes associated with magma ascent and emplacement. The oldest well-dated Jurassic rocks defining initiation of the Jurassic pulse are a 183 Ma monzodiorite and a 181 Ma ignimbrite. Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks comprising the main stage of magmatism include two high-K calc-alkalic groups: to the north, the deformed 183–172 Ma Fort Irwin sequence and contemporaneous rocks in the Granite and Clipper Mountains, and to the south, the 167–164 Ma Bullion sequence. A Late Jurassic suite of shoshonitic, alkali-calcic intrusive rocks, the Bristol Mountains sequence, ranges in age from 164 to 161 Ma and was emplaced as the pulse began to wane. Whole-rock and zircon trace-element geochemistry defines a compositionally coherent Jurassic arc with regional and secular variations in melt compositions. The arc evolved through the magma pulse by progressively greater input of old cratonic crust and lithospheric mantle into the arc magma system, synchronous with progressive regional crustal thickening.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31550.1","usgsCitation":"Barth, A., Wooden, J., Miller, D., Howard, K.A., Fox, L., Schermer, E.R., and Jacobson, C., 2017, Regional and temporal variability of melts during a Cordilleran magma pulse: Age and chemical evolution of the jurassic arc, eastern mojave desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 129, no. 3-4, p. 429-448, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31550.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"448","ipdsId":"IP-073981","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/14626","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Transverse Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -119.24560546875001,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -117.61962890624999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 35.94243575255426\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -115.11474609375001,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -118.95996093749999,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 34.288991865037524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf2ce4b0f6c2d0d9c73e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, A.P.","contributorId":192663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J.L.","contributorId":192664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, Lydia","contributorId":192666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schermer, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":184060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schermer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jacobson, C.E.","contributorId":192665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188321,"text":"70188321 - 2017 - Using a gradient in food quality to infer drivers of fatty acid content in two filter-feeding aquatic consumers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:40:04","indexId":"70188321","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a gradient in food quality to infer drivers of fatty acid content in two filter-feeding aquatic consumers","docAbstract":"Inferences about ecological structure and function are often made using elemental or macromolecular tracers of food web structure. For example, inferences about food chain length are often made using stable isotope ratios of top predators and consumer food sources are often inferred from both stable isotopes and fatty acid (FA) content in consumer tissues. The use of FAs as tracers implies some degree of macromolecular conservation across trophic interactions, but many FAs are subject to physiological alteration and animals may produce those FAs from precursors in response to food deficiencies. We measured 41 individual FAs and several aggregate FA metrics in two filter-feeding taxa to (1) assess ecological variation in food availability and (2) identify potential drivers of among-site variation in FA content. These taxa were filter feeding caddisflies (Family Hydropyschidae) and dreissenid mussels (Genus Dreissena), which both consume seston. Stable isotopic composition (C and N) in these taxa co-varied across 13 sites in the Great Lakes region of North America, indicating they fed on very similar food resources. However, co-variation in FA content was very limited, with only one common FA co-varying across this gradient (α-linolenic acid; ALA), suggesting these taxa accumulate FAs very differently even when exposed to the same foods. Based on these results, among-site variation in ALA content in both consumers does appear to be driven by food resources, along with several other FAs in dreissenid mussels. We conclude that single-taxa measurements of FA content cannot be used to infer FA availability in food resources.
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Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. 0000-0003-2367-4887 jvallazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-4887","contributorId":149362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn A. 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":149360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn A.","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle R. 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":149359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188115,"text":"ofr20171060 - 2017 - Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the National Park of American Samoa, February–July 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T16:29:13","indexId":"ofr20171060","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1060","title":"Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the National Park of American Samoa, February–July 2015","docAbstract":"There is little information on the oceanography in the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA). The transport pathways for potentially harmful constituents of land-derived runoff, as well as larvae and other planktonic organisms, are driven by nearshore circulation patterns. To evaluate the processes affecting coral reef ecosystem health, it is first necessary to understand the oceanographic processes driving nearshore circulation, residence times, exposure rates, and transport pathways. Information on how the NPSA’s natural resources may be affected by anthropogenic sources of pollution, sediment runoff, larval transport, or modifications to the marine protected areas is critical to NPSA resource managers for understanding and ultimately managing coastal and marine resources. To address this need, U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. National Park Service researchers conducted a collaborative study in 2015 to determine coastal circulation patterns and water-column properties along north-central Tutuila, American Samoa, in an area focused on NPSA’s Tutuila Unit and its coral reef ecosystem. The continuous measurements of waves, currents, tides, and water-column properties from these instrument deployments over 150 days, coupled with available meteorological measurements of wind and rainfall, provide information on nearshore circulation and the variability in these hydrodynamic properties for NPSA’s Tutuila Unit. In general, circulation was strongly driven by regional winds at longer (greater than day) timescales and by tides at shorter (less than day) timescales. Flows were primarily directed along shore, with current speeds faster offshore to the north and slower closer to shore, especially in embayments. Water-column properties exhibit strong seasonality coupled to the shift from non-trade wind season to trade wind season. During the non-trade wind season that was characterized by variable winds and larger waves in the NPSA, waters were warmer, slightly more saline, relatively less optically clear, and more stratified. When winds shifted to a more consistent trade wind pattern in the austral fall, the waters cooled and became less stratified because of decreased insolation. There are consistent spatial patterns in water column characteristics—Waters were warmer and less saline near the surface and closer to shore, especially in embayments, which tended to be more turbid, less clear, and characterized by higher chlorophyll than waters offshore. Water residence times were shorter farther offshore and longer closer to shore and in embayments, but varied spatially because of different forcing. Warmer, lower salinity, higher chlorophyll, and more turbid waters in embayments tend to reside in those locations for much greater durations, resulting in greater exposure of embayment ecosystems to those waters. This is in contrast with waters farther offshore, where the combination of shorter residence times and cooler, higher salinity water results in less exposure to land runoff. Understanding coastal circulation patterns and water-column properties in NPSA’s waters along north-central Tutuila may help to better understand how meteorological and oceanographic processes, at the regional and local scale, affect coral reef health and sustainability in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171060","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Cheriton, O.M., Rosenberger, K.J., Logan, J.B., and Clark, T.B., 2017, Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the National Park of American Samoa, February–July 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1060, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171060.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 104 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083344","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1060/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RN362H","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from coastal circulation and water-column properties in the National Park of American Samoa, February–July 2015"},{"id":341994,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1060/ofr20171060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1060"}],"otherGeospatial":"National Park of American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.73646545410156,\n -14.295658268883681\n ],\n [\n -170.62454223632812,\n -14.295658268883681\n ],\n [\n -170.62454223632812,\n -14.219791816003891\n ],\n [\n -170.73646545410156,\n -14.219791816003891\n ],\n [\n -170.73646545410156,\n -14.295658268883681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Here, I describe how time‐dependent quasi‐static stress transfer can be implemented in an earthquake simulator code that is used to generate long synthetic seismicity catalogs. Most existing seismicity simulators use precomputed static stress interaction coefficients to rapidly implement static stress transfer in fault networks with typically tens of thousands of fault patches. The extension to quasi‐static deformation, which accounts for viscoelasticity of Earth’s ductile lower crust and mantle, involves the precomputation of additional interaction coefficients that represent time‐dependent stress transfer among the model fault patches, combined with defining and evolving additional state variables that track this stress transfer. The new approach is illustrated with application to a California‐wide synthetic fault network.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160192","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2017, A note on adding viscoelasticity to earthquake simulators: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 1, p. 468-474, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160192.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"474","ipdsId":"IP-076554","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf2ce4b0f6c2d0d9c73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188846,"text":"70188846 - 2017 - Bioenergetics models to estimate numbers of larval lampreys consumed by smallmouth bass in Elk Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:52:31","indexId":"70188846","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetics models to estimate numbers of larval lampreys consumed by smallmouth bass in Elk Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"Nonnative fishes have been increasingly implicated in the decline of native fishes in the Pacific Northwest. Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced into the Umpqua River in southwest Oregon in the early 1960s. The spread of Smallmouth Bass throughout the basin coincided with a decline in counts of upstream-migrating Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus. This suggested the potential for ecological interactions between Smallmouth Bass and Pacific Lampreys, as well as freshwater-resident Western Brook Lampreys Lampetra richardsoni. To evaluate the potential effects of Smallmouth Bass on lampreys, we sampled diets of Smallmouth Bass and used bioenergetics models to estimate consumption of larval lampreys in a segment of Elk Creek, a tributary to the lower Umpqua River. We captured 303 unique Smallmouth Bass (mean: 197 mm and 136 g) via angling in July and September. We combined information on Smallmouth Bass diet and energy density with other variables (temperature, body size, growth, prey energy density) in a bioenergetics model to estimate consumption of larval lampreys. Larval lampreys were found in 6.2% of diet samples, and model estimates indicated that the Smallmouth Bass we captured consumed 925 larval lampreys in this 2-month study period. When extrapolated to a population estimate of Smallmouth Bass in this segment, we estimated 1,911 larval lampreys were consumed between July and September. Although the precision of these estimates was low, this magnitude of consumption suggests that Smallmouth Bass may negatively affect larval lamprey populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2017.1317677","usgsCitation":"Schultz, L., Heck, M., Kowalski, B., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Coates, K.C., and Dunham, J.B., 2017, Bioenergetics models to estimate numbers of larval lampreys consumed by smallmouth bass in Elk Creek, Oregon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 37, no. 4, p. 714-723, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2017.1317677.","productDescription":"11 p. 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