The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Colorado Springs Utilities, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the El Paso County Water Authority, began a study in 2004 to (1) apply a stream-aquifer model to Monument Creek, (2) use the results of the modeling to develop a transit-loss accounting program for Monument Creek, (3) revise the existing transit-loss accounting program for Fountain Creek to incorporate new water-management strategies and allow for incorporation of future changes in water-management strategies, and (4) integrate the two accounting programs into a single program with a Web-based user interface. The purpose of this report is to present the results of applying a stream-aquifer model to the Monument Creek study reach.
Transit losses were estimated for reusable-water flows in Monument Creek that ranged from 1 to 200 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and for native streamflows that ranged from 0 to 1,000 ft3/s. Transit losses were estimated for bank-storage, channel-storage, and evaporative losses. The same stream-aquifer model used in the previously completed (1988) Fountain Creek study was used in the Monument Creek study.
Sixteen model nodes were established for the Monument Creek study reach, defining 15 subreaches. Channel length, aquifer length, and aquifer width for the subreaches were estimated from available topographic and geologic maps. Thickness of alluvial deposits and saturated thickness were estimated using lithologic and water-level data from about 100 wells and test holes in or near the Monument Creek study reach. Estimated average transmissivities for the subreaches ranged from 2,000 to 12,000 feet squared per day, and a uniform value of 0.20 was used for storage coefficient.
Qualitative comparison of recorded and simulated streamflow at the downstream node for the calibration and verification simulations indicated that the two streamflows compared reasonably well. No adjustments were made to the model parameters. Differences between recorded and simulated streamflow volumes for all calibration and verification simulations ranged from about –8.8 to 7.5 percent; the total error for all simulations was about –0.7 percent.
The model was used to estimate bank-storage losses for 10 to 15 native streamflows for each reusable-water flow of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, and 200 ft3/s. Then the 10 to 15 bank-storage loss values were used in least-squares linear regression to estimate a relation between bank-storage loss and native streamflow for each of the 12 reusable-water flow rates. The 12 regression relations then were used to develop “look-up” tables of bank-storage loss for reusable-water flows ranging from 1 to 200 ft3/s (in 1-ft3/s increments). Additional model simulations indicated that (1) when the ratio of downstream native streamflow to upstream native streamflow was less than 1, bank-storage loss generally increased and (2) when the ratio of downstream native streamflow to upstream native streamflow was larger than 1, bank-storage loss generally decreased. These results were used to develop a bank-storage loss adjustment factor based on the ratio of native streamflow at the downstream node to native streamflow at the upstream node. The model also was used to estimate a recovery period, which is the length of time needed for the bank-storage loss to return to the stream. The recovery period was 1 day for six subreaches; 2 days for four subreaches; between 3 and 12 days for four subreaches; and 28 days for one subreach.
Channel-storage losses are about 10 percent of the reusable-water flow for most of the subreaches, except for two subreaches, where the channel-storage losses are about 20 percent, and one subreach, where the losses are about 30 percent, owing to the greater channel lengths. Evaporative losses were estimated by the use of monthly pan-evaporation data and the incremental increase in stream width resulting from any reusable-water flows. Monthly pan-evaporation data were converted to a daily rate. The daily rate, when multiplied by the stream-width increase (in feet) that results from reusable-water flow and by the subreach length (in miles) gives the daily evaporative loss in cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/sir20065184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Springs Utilities, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the El Paso County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., and Arnold, L., 2006, Application of a stream-aquifer model to Monument Creek for development of a method to estimate transit losses for reusable water, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5184, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065184.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5184.jpg"},{"id":341739,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5184/pdf/SIR06-5184_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":8720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Monument Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.91806030273438,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -104.92218017578125,\n 39.081040177486095\n ],\n [\n -104.89883422851562,\n 38.971154274048345\n ],\n [\n -104.86862182617188,\n 38.85575072276977\n ],\n [\n -104.83291625976561,\n 38.73373238087942\n ],\n [\n -104.78897094726562,\n 38.71766178810086\n ],\n [\n -104.74639892578125,\n 38.72944724289828\n ],\n [\n -104.74639892578125,\n 38.77871080859691\n ],\n [\n -104.77386474609375,\n 38.84291652482239\n ],\n [\n -104.78897094726562,\n 38.89317057287496\n ],\n [\n -104.80545043945312,\n 38.9476613635683\n ],\n [\n -104.80819702148438,\n 39.00424469849724\n ],\n [\n -104.8370361328125,\n 39.07144530820888\n ],\n [\n -104.85214233398438,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -104.88784790039061,\n 39.131125517089906\n ],\n [\n -104.91806030273438,\n 39.13006024213511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. 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Ground water withdrawn by a well initially comes from storage around the well, but with time can eventually increase inflow to the aquifer and (or) decrease natural outflow from the aquifer. This increased inflow and decreased outflow is referred to as “capture.” For a given time, capture can be expressed as a fraction of withdrawal rate that is accounted for as increased rates of inflow and decreased rates of outflow. The time frames over which capture might occur at different locations commonly are not well understood by resource managers. A ground-water model, however, can be used to map potential capture for areas and times of interest. The maps can help managers visualize the possible timing of capture over large regions. The first step in the procedure to map potential capture is to run a ground-water model in steady-state mode without withdrawals to establish baseline total flow rates at all sources and sinks. The next step is to select a time frame and appropriate withdrawal rate for computing capture. For regional aquifers, time frames of decades to centuries may be appropriate. The model is then run repeatedly in transient mode, each run with one well in a different model cell in an area of interest. Differences in inflow and outflow rates from the baseline conditions for each model run are computed and saved. The differences in individual components are summed and divided by the withdrawal rate to obtain a single capture fraction for each cell. Values are contoured to depict capture fractions for the time of interest. Considerations in carrying out the analysis include use of realistic physical boundaries in the model, understanding the degree of linearity of the model, selection of an appropriate time frame and withdrawal rate, and minimizing error in the global mass balance of the model.
","conferenceTitle":"2006 GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition","conferenceDate":"October 22-25, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., 2006, Use of models to map potential capture of surface water, 2006 GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition, Philadelphia, PA, October 22-25, 2006.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-004892","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f94154e4b05d6c4e5013c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79246,"text":"sir20065217 - 2006 - A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream in Vermont having intermittent flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T19:42:10.410325","indexId":"sir20065217","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5217","title":"A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream in Vermont having intermittent flow","docAbstract":"A logistic regression equation was developed for estimating the probability of a stream flowing intermittently at unregulated, rural stream sites in Vermont. These determinations can be used for a wide variety of regulatory and planning efforts at the Federal, State, regional, county and town levels, including such applications as assessing fish and wildlife habitats, wetlands classifications, recreational opportunities, water-supply potential, waste-assimilation capacities, and sediment transport. The equation will be used to create a derived product for the Vermont Hydrography Dataset having the streamflow characteristic of 'intermittent' or 'perennial.' The Vermont Hydrography Dataset is Vermont's implementation of the National Hydrography Dataset and was created at a scale of 1:5,000 based on statewide digital orthophotos.\r\n\r\nThe equation was developed by relating field-verified perennial or intermittent status of a stream site during normal summer low-streamflow conditions in the summer of 2005 to selected basin characteristics of naturally flowing streams in Vermont. The database used to develop the equation included 682 stream sites with drainage areas ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 square miles. When the 682 sites were observed, 126 were intermittent (had no flow at the time of the observation) and 556 were perennial (had flowing water at the time of the observation).\r\n\r\nThe results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that the probability of a stream having intermittent flow in Vermont is a function of drainage area, elevation of the site, the ratio of basin relief to basin perimeter, and the areal percentage of well- and moderately well-drained soils in the basin. Using a probability cutpoint (a lower probability indicates the site has perennial flow and a higher probability indicates the site has intermittent flow) of 0.5, the logistic regression equation correctly predicted the perennial or intermittent status of 116 test sites 85 percent of the time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065217","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., and Brouillette, M.C., 2006, A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream in Vermont having intermittent flow: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5217, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065217.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":612,"text":"Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brouillette, Michael C.","contributorId":107806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouillette","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79235,"text":"ofr20061294 - 2006 - U.S. Geological Survey Georgia Water Science Center and Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program— Summary of activities, July 2005 through June 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T20:34:25.949598","indexId":"ofr20061294","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1294","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Georgia Water Science Center and Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program— Summary of activities, July 2005 through June 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been working with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission to monitor ground-water quality and availability since 1977. This report presents the findings for July 2005 through June 2006 and summarizes the ground-water and surface-water conditions for 2005. Water levels in 14 wells were continuously monitored in Dougherty County, Georgia. Water levels in 12 of those wells were above normal, one was normal, and one was below normal. Ground-water samples collected from the Upper Floridan aquifer indicate that nitrate levels have increased in 13 wells and decreased in two wells from a year earlier. A sample also was collected from the Flint River. A trilinear diagram showing the percent composition of selected major cations and anions indicates that the ground-water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Albany wellfield is distinctly different from the water quality of the Flint River. To improve the understanding of the ground-water flow system and nitrate movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer, the USGS is developing a ground-water flow model in the southwest Albany area, Georgia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061294","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., 2006, U.S. Geological Survey Georgia Water Science Center and Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program— Summary of activities, July 2005 through June 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1294, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061294.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390146,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78113.htm"},{"id":8694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Dougherty 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Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657 dwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":2251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie","email":"dwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79234,"text":"sir20065195 - 2006 - Simulation and particle-tracking analysis of ground-water flow near the Savannah River site, Georgia and South Carolina, 2002, and for selected ground-water management scenarios, 2002 and 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T09:20:29","indexId":"sir20065195","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5195","title":"Simulation and particle-tracking analysis of ground-water flow near the Savannah River site, Georgia and South Carolina, 2002, and for selected ground-water management scenarios, 2002 and 2020","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow under 2002 hydrologic conditions was evaluated in an eight-county area in Georgia and South Carolina near the Savannah River Site (SRS), by updating boundary conditions and pumping rates in an existing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ground-water model. The original ground-water model, developed to simulate hydrologic conditions during 1987-92, used the quasi-three-dimensional approach by dividing the Floridan, Dublin, and Midville aquifer systems into seven aquifers. The hydrogeologic system was modeled using six active layers (A2-A7) that were separated by confining units with an overlying source-sink layer to simulate the unconfined Upper Three Runs aquifer (layer A1). Potentiometric- surface maps depicting September 2002 for major aquifers were used to update, evaluate, and modify boundary conditions used by the earlier ground-water flow model.\r\n\r\nThe model was updated using the USGS finite-difference code MODFLOW-2000 for mean-annual conditions during 1987-92 and 2002. The specified heads in the source-sink layer A1 were lowered to reflect observed water-level declines during the 1998-2002 drought. These declines resulted in a decrease of 12.1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in simulated recharge or vertical inflow to the uppermost confined aquifer (Gordon, layer A2). Although ground-water pumpage in the study area has increased by 32 Mgal/d since 1995, most of this increase (17.5 Mgal/d) was from the unconfined Upper Three Runs aquifer (source-sink layer A1) with the remaining 14.5 Mgal/d assigned to the active layers within the model (A2-A7).\r\n\r\nThe simulated water budget for 2002 shows a decrease from the 1987-92 model from 1,040 Mgal/d to 1,035 Mgal/d. The decreased ground-water inflows and increased ground-water withdrawal rates reduced the simulated ground-water outflow to river cells in the active layers of the model by 43 Mgal/d. The calibration statistics for all layers of the 2002 simulation resulted in a decrease in the root mean square (RMS) of the residuals from 10.6 to 8.0 feet (ft). The residuals indicate 83.3 percent of the values for the 2002 simulation met the calibration error criteria established in the original model, whereas 88.8 percent was within the specified range for the 1987-92 simulation. Simulated ground-water outflow to the Savannah River and its tributaries during water year 2002 was 560 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), or 86 percent of the observed gain in mean-annual streamflow between streamflow gaging stations at the Millhaven, Ga., and Augusta, Ga. At Upper Three Runs Creek, simulated ground-water discharge during 2002 was 110 ft3/s, or 83 percent of the observed streamflow at two streamflow gaging stations near the SRS. These results indicate that the constructed model calibrated to 1987-92 conditions and modified for 2002 dry conditions is still representative of the hydrologic system.\r\n\r\nThe USGS particle-tracking code MODPATH was used to generate advective water-particle pathlines and their associated time-of-travel based on MODFLOW simulations for 1987-92, 2002, and each of four hypothetical ground-water management scenarios. The four hypothetical ground-water management scenarios represent hydrologic conditions for (1) reported pumping for 2002 and boundary conditions for an average year; (2) reported pumping for 2002 with SRS pumping discontinued and boundary conditions for an average year; (3) projected 2020 pumping and boundary conditions for an average year; and (4) projected 2020 pumping and boundary conditions for a dry year. The MODPATH code was used in forward-tracking mode to evaluate flowpaths from areas on the SRS and in backtracking mode to evaluate further areas of previously documented trans-river flow on the Georgia side of the Savannah River. Trans-river flow is a condition in which the local head gradients might allow migration of contaminants from the SRS into the underlying aquifers and beneath the Savannah River into Georgia. More...","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065195","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., 2006, Simulation and particle-tracking analysis of ground-water flow near the Savannah River site, Georgia and South Carolina, 2002, and for selected ground-water management scenarios, 2002 and 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5195, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065195.","productDescription":"156 p.","numberOfPages":"156","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2020-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah 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Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79237,"text":"sir20065215 - 2006 - Environmental Effects of Agricultural Practices - Summary of Workshop Held on June 14-16, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:18","indexId":"sir20065215","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5215","title":"Environmental Effects of Agricultural Practices - Summary of Workshop Held on June 14-16, 2005","docAbstract":"A meeting between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners was held June 14-16, 2005, in Denver, CO, to discuss science issues and needs related to agricultural practices. The goals of the meeting were to learn about the (1) effects of agricultural practices on the environment and (2) tools for identifying and quantifying those effects. Achieving these goals required defining the environmental concerns, developing scientific actions to address assessment of environmental effects, and creating collaborations to identify future research requirements and technical gaps. Five areas of concern were discussed-emerging compounds; water availability; genetically modified organisms; effects of conservation practices on ecosystems; and data, methods, and tools for assessing effects of agricultural practices.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065215","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Environmental Effects of Agricultural Practices - Summary of Workshop Held on June 14-16, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5215, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065215.","productDescription":"200 p.","numberOfPages":"200","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"2005-06-14","temporalEnd":"2005-06-16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8697,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60254d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79210,"text":"sir20065230 - 2006 - Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T14:48:55","indexId":"sir20065230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5230","title":"Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005","docAbstract":"Anadromous fish populations in the Columbia River Basin have plummeted in the last 100 years. This severe decline led to Federal listing of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 1990s. Historically, the upper Salmon River Basin (upstream of the confluence with the Pahsimeroi River) in Idaho provided migration corridors and significant habitat for these ESA-listed species, in addition to the ESA-listed bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Human development has modified the original streamflow conditions in many streams in the upper Salmon River Basin. Summer streamflow modifications resulting from irrigation practices, have directly affected quantity and quality of fish habitat and also have affected migration and (or) access to suitable spawning and rearing habitat for these fish.
\nAs a result of these ESA listings and Action 149 of the Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion of 2000, the Bureau of Reclamation was tasked to conduct streamflow characterization studies in the upper Salmon River Basin to clearly define habitat requirements for effective species management and habitat restoration. These studies include collection of habitat and streamflow information for the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) model, a widely applied method to determine relations between habitat and discharge requirements for various fish species and life stages. Model simulation results can be used by resource managers to guide habitat restoration efforts by evaluating potential fish habitat and passage improvements by increasing or decreasing streamflow.
\nIn 2005, instream flow characterization studies were completed on Big Boulder, Challis, Bear, Mill, and Morgan Creeks. Continuous streamflow data were recorded upstream of all diversions on Big Boulder. Instantaneous measurements of discharge were also made at selected sites. In addition, natural summer streamflows were estimated for each study site using regional regression equations.
\nThis report describes PHABSIM modeling results for bull trout, Chinook salmon, and steelhead trout during summer streamflows. Habitat/discharge relations were summarized for adult and spawning life stages at each study site. In addition, streamflow needs for riffle dwelling invertebrate taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) are presented. Adult fish passage and discharge relations were evaluated at specific transects that were identified as potential low-streamflow passage barriers at each study site.
\nContinuous summer water temperature data for selected study sites were summarized and compared with Idaho Water Quality Standards and various water temperature requirements of targeted fish species.
\nResults of these habitat studies can be used to prioritize and direct cost-effective actions to improve fish habitat for ESA-listed anadromous and native fish species in the basin. These actions may include acquiring water during critical low-flow periods by leasing or modifying irrigation delivery systems to minimize out-of-stream diversions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., Hortness, J., and Ott, D.S., 2006, Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5230, Report: vi, 110 p.; Appendices; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065230.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 110 p.; Appendices; Data files","numberOfPages":"120","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065230.PNG"},{"id":8663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286898,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/pdf/sir20065230.pdf"},{"id":286899,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/pdf/appendixes.zip"},{"id":286900,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/data/"}],"scale":"40000","projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,44.0 ], [ -115.0,44.75 ], [ -114.0,44.75 ], [ -114.0,44.0 ], [ -115.0,44.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ott, Douglas S. dott@usgs.gov","contributorId":3552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ott","given":"Douglas","email":"dott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79227,"text":"ofr20051278 - 2006 - Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20051278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1278","title":"Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California","docAbstract":"The San Bernardino area of southern California has complex water-management issues. As an aid to local water managers, this report provides an integrated analysis of the surface-water and ground-water systems, documents ground-water flow and constrained optimization models, and provides seven examples using the models to better understand and manage water resources of the area. As an aid to investigators and water managers in other areas, this report provides an expanded description of constrained optimization techniques and how to use them to better understand the local hydrogeology and to evaluate inter-related water-management problems.\r\n\r\nIn this report, the hydrology of the San Bernardino area, defined as the Bunker Hill and Lytle Creek basins, is described and quantified for calendar years 1945-98. The major components of the surface-water system are identified, and a routing diagram of flow through these components is provided. Annual surface-water inflow and outflow for the area are tabulated using gaged measurements and estimated values derived from linear-regression equations. Average inflow for the 54-year period (1945-98) was 146,452 acre-feet per year; average outflow was 67,931 acre-feet per year. The probability of exceedance for annual surface-water inflow is calculated using a Log Pearson Type III analysis. Cumulative surface-water inflow and outflow and ground-water-level measurements indicate that the relation between the surface-water system and the ground-water system changed in about 1951, in about 1979, and again in about 1992. Higher ground-water levels prior to 1951 and between 1979 and 1992 induced ground-water discharge to Warm Creek. This discharge was quantified using streamflow measurements and can be estimated for other time periods using ground-water levels from a monitoring well (1S/4W-3Q1) and a logarithmic-regression equation. Annual wastewater discharge from the area is tabulated for the major sewage and power-plant facilities. \r\n\r\nMore...","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051278","collaboration":"released Oct 2006 as OFR pending release as PP 1734","usgsCitation":"Danskin, W.R., McPherson, K.R., and Woolfenden, L.R., 2006, Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1278, 194 p.; 2 plates, each 38 x 32 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051278.","productDescription":"194 p.; 2 plates, each 38 x 32 in.","numberOfPages":"194","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79206,"text":"sir20065177 - 2006 - Numerical Simulation of the Hydrologic Effects of Redistributed and Additional Ground-Water Withdrawal, Island of Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20065177","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5177","title":"Numerical Simulation of the Hydrologic Effects of Redistributed and Additional Ground-Water Withdrawal, Island of Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Because of increased demand for water associated with a growing population, projected increases in demand over the next few decades, and rising salinity of the water pumped from some existing wells, the County of Maui Department of Water Supply (DWS) is currently (2006) considering drilling additional wells to replace or supplement existing wells on the Island of Molokai, Hawaii. Redistributed and additional ground-water withdrawals will affect ground-water levels, discharge of ground water to the nearshore environment, and, possibly, salinity of the water pumped from existing wells.\r\n\r\nFor this study, an existing numerical ground-water-flow model was used to estimate water-level and coastal-discharge changes, relative to 2005 base-case conditions, caused by withdrawals in the area between Kualapuu and Ualapue on Molokai. For most of the scenarios tested, total withdrawals were either equal to or 0.28 million gallons per day greater than those in the 2005 base case. Model results indicate that a redistribution of withdrawals causes a corresponding redistribution of water levels and coastal discharge. Water levels rise and coastal discharge increases near sites of reduced withdrawal, whereas water levels decline and coastal discharge decreases near sites of increased withdrawal. The magnitude and areal extent of hydrologic changes caused by a redistribution of withdrawals increase with larger changes in withdrawal rates. Simulated water-level changes are greatest at withdrawal sites and decrease outward with distance elsewhere. Simulated water-level declines at proposed withdrawal sites generally were less than 0.5 feet. The low-permeability dike complex of East Molokai Volcano impedes the spread of water-level changes to perennial streams in the northeastern part of the island, and discharge to these streams in the dike complex therefore is unaffected by the proposed withdrawals.\r\n\r\nSimulated coastal-discharge changes generally are greatest immediately downgradient from sites of withdrawal change. Simulated coastal-discharge reductions generally are less than 30,000 gallons per day (and everywhere less than 75,000 gallons per day) within model elements for scenarios that exclude the Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands reservation (2.905 million gallons per day). (Model elements cover discrete 1,640-feet by 1,640-feet square areas.) Simulated coastal-discharge reductions generally represent less than 5 percent change relative to 2005 base-case conditions. Simulated discharge to some fishponds and springs increased in response to decreased withdrawal at upgradient sites, and simulated discharge to other fishponds and springs decreased in response to increased withdrawal. Simulated water-level declines associated with the Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands reservation were as much as 4 feet at three arbitrarily selected withdrawal sites, and simulated reductions in coastal discharge between Umipaa and Kamiloloa along the south coast exceeded 200,000 gallons per day from several model elements.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065177","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., 2006, Numerical Simulation of the Hydrologic Effects of Redistributed and Additional Ground-Water Withdrawal, Island of Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5177, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065177.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.33333333333334,21 ], [ -157.33333333333334,21.25 ], [ -156.66666666666666,21.25 ], [ -156.66666666666666,21 ], [ -157.33333333333334,21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79218,"text":"sir20065248 - 2006 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T21:00:34.320534","indexId":"sir20065248","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5248","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Emmons Lake volcanic center is a large stratovolcano complex on the Alaska Peninsula near Cold Bay, Alaska. The volcanic center includes several ice- and snow-clad volcanoes within a nested caldera structure that hosts Emmons Lake and truncates a shield-like ancestral Mount Emmons edifice. From northeast to southwest, the main stratovolcanoes of the center are: Pavlof Sister, Pavlof, Little Pavlof, Double Crater, Mount Hague, and Mount Emmons. Several small cinder cones and vents are located on the floor of the caldera and on the south flank of Pavlof Volcano. Pavlof Volcano, in the northeastern part of the center, is the most historically active volcano in Alaska (Miller and others, 1998) and eruptions of Pavlof pose the greatest hazards to the region.
Historical eruptions of Pavlof Volcano have been small to moderate Strombolian eruptions that produced moderate amounts of near vent lapilli tephra fallout, and diffuse ash plumes that drifted several hundreds of kilometers from the vent. Cold Bay, King Cove, Nelson Lagoon, and Sand Point have reported ash fallout from Pavlof eruptions. Drifting clouds of volcanic ash produced by eruptions of Pavlof would be a major hazard to local aircraft and could interfere with trans-Pacific air travel if the ash plume achieved flight levels. During most historical eruptions of Pavlof, pyroclastic material erupted from the volcano has interacted with the snow and ice on the volcano producing volcanic mudflows or lahars. Lahars have inundated most of the drainages heading on the volcano and filled stream valleys with variable amounts of coarse sand, gravel, and boulders. The lahars are often hot and would alter or destroy stream habitat for many years following the eruption.
Other stratocones and vents within the Emmons Lake volcanic center are not known to have erupted in the past 300 years. However, young appearing deposits and lava flows suggest there may have been small explosions and minor effusive eruptive activity within the caldera during this time interval. Mount Hague may have experienced minor steam eruptions. The greatest hazards in order of importance are described below and summarized on plate 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065248","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C., Miller, T.P., and Mangan, M.T., 2006, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5248, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065248.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065248.PNG"},{"id":8672,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77827.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Emmons Lake volcanic center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.586669921875,\n 55.20081842243303\n ],\n [\n -161.5924072265625,\n 55.20081842243303\n ],\n [\n -161.5924072265625,\n 55.68377855290114\n ],\n [\n -162.586669921875,\n 55.68377855290114\n ],\n [\n -162.586669921875,\n 55.20081842243303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db6569c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher","contributorId":37839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79209,"text":"sir20065181 - 2006 - Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T11:24:00","indexId":"sir20065181","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5181","title":"Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data","docAbstract":"A time-series model was developed to simulate daily pesticide concentrations for streams in the coterminous United States. The model was based on readily available information on pesticide use, climatic variability, and watershed charac-teristics and was used to simulate concentrations for four herbicides [atrazine, ethyldipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, and trifluralin] and three insecticides (carbofuran, ethoprop, and fonofos) that represent a range of physical and chemical properties, application methods, national application amounts, and areas of use in the United States. The time-series model approximates the probability distributions, seasonal variability, and serial correlation characteristics in daily pesticide concentration data from a national network of monitoring stations.\r\n\r\nThe probability distribution of concentrations for a particular pesticide and station was estimated using the Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) model. The WARP model, which was developed in previous studies to estimate the probability distribution, was based on selected nationally available watershed-characteristics data, such as pesticide use and soil characteristics. Normality transformations were used to ensure that the annual percentiles for the simulated concentrations agree closely with the percentiles estimated from the WARP model.\r\n\r\nSeasonal variability in the transformed concentrations was maintained by relating the transformed concentration to precipitation and temperature data from the United States Historical Climatology Network. The monthly precipitation and temperature values were estimated for the centroids of each watershed. Highly significant relations existed between the transformed concentrations, concurrent monthly precipitation, and concurrent and lagged monthly temperature. The relations were consistent among the different pesticides and indicated the transformed concentrations generally increased as precipitation increased but the rate of increase depended on a temperature-dependent growing-season effect.\r\n\r\nResidual variability of the transformed concentrations, after removal of the effects of precipitation and temperature, was partitioned into a signal (systematic variability that is related from one day to the next) and noise (random variability that is not related from one day to the next). Variograms were used to evaluate measurement error, seasonal variability, and serial correlation of the historical data. The variogram analysis indicated substantial noise resulted, at least in part, from measurement errors (the differences between the actual concen-trations and the laboratory concentrations). The variogram analysis also indicated the presence of a strongly correlated signal, with an exponentially decaying serial correlation function and a correlation time scale (the time required for the correlation to decay to e-1 equals 0.37) that ranged from about 18 to 66 days, depending on the pesticide type.\r\n\r\nSimulated daily pesticide concentrations from the time-series model indicated the simulated concentrations for the stations located in the northeastern quadrant of the United States where most of the monitoring stations are located generally were in good agreement with the data. The model neither consistently overestimated or underestimated concentrations for streams that are located in this quadrant and the magnitude and timing of high or low concentrations generally coincided reasonably well with the data. However, further data collection and model development may be necessary to determine whether the model should be used for areas for which few historical data are available.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065181","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., and Crawford, C.G., 2006, Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5181, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065181.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5181.jpg"},{"id":8662,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,24 ], [ -125,48 ], [ -65,48 ], [ -65,24 ], [ -125,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdf9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156425,"text":"70156425 - 2006 - Optimal interpolation analysis of leaf area index using MODIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T10:10:06","indexId":"70156425","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal interpolation analysis of leaf area index using MODIS data","docAbstract":"A simple data analysis technique for vegetation leaf area index (LAI) using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is presented. The objective is to generate LAI data that is appropriate for numerical weather prediction. A series of techniques and procedures which includes data quality control, time-series data smoothing, and simple data analysis is applied. The LAI analysis is an optimal combination of the MODIS observations and derived climatology, depending on their associated errors σo and σc. The “best estimate” LAI is derived from a simple three-point smoothing technique combined with a selection of maximum LAI (after data quality control) values to ensure a higher quality. The LAI climatology is a time smoothed mean value of the “best estimate” LAI during the years of 2002–2004. The observation error is obtained by comparing the MODIS observed LAI with the “best estimate” of the LAI, and the climatological error is obtained by comparing the “best estimate” of LAI with the climatological LAI value. The LAI analysis is the result of a weighting between these two errors. Demonstration of the method described in this paper is presented for the 15-km grid of Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC)'s regional version of the numerical weather prediction model. The final LAI analyses have a relatively smooth temporal evolution, which makes them more appropriate for environmental prediction than the original MODIS LAI observation data. They are also more realistic than the LAI data currently used operationally at the MSC which is based on land-cover databases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.021","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Belair, S., Mahfouf, J., and Deblonde, G., 2006, Optimal interpolation analysis of leaf area index using MODIS data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 104, no. 3, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bbae4b0518e3546f02c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belair, Stephane","contributorId":146844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belair","given":"Stephane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahfouf, Jean-Francois","contributorId":107566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahfouf","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deblonde, Godelieve","contributorId":146845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deblonde","given":"Godelieve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201470,"text":"70201470 - 2006 - Topomapping of Mars with HRSC Images, ISIS, and a commercial stereo workstation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T16:29:33","indexId":"70201470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-30T16:29:08","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Topomapping of Mars with HRSC Images, ISIS, and a commercial stereo workstation","docAbstract":"We demonstrate that the freely available USGS planetary cartography software package ISIS and the commercial photogrammetric software SOCET SET jointly provide a complete environment for the processing of Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images. Capabilities include bundle adjustment, automated production and interactive editing of stereo digital terrain models (DTMs), orthomosaic production, photometric modeling and normalization, and DTM refinement by photoclinometry/shapefrom-shading. The generation of DTMs and other products for two test areas on Mars is described; a companion paper by Heipke et al. (2006) compares DTMs produced from these test datasets by multiple investigators using alternate approaches. SOCET SET capabilities relevant to multi-line scanners (including HRSC) are evolving, and improved performance in several areas can be expected in the near future. ISIS by itself provides useful capabilities for orthomosaic production with pre-existing DTMs, photometry, and photoclinometry, and the value of these free tools will be increased once an HRSC bundle-adjustment capability is implemented.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV","conferenceDate":"September 25-30,2006","conferenceLocation":"Goa, India","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Howington-Kraus, E., Galuszka, D.M., Redding, B.L., and Hare, T.M., 2006, Topomapping of Mars with HRSC Images, ISIS, and a commercial stereo workstation, in Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV, Goa, India, September 25-30,2006, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part4/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd7e4b006c4f85148c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79186,"text":"sir20065206 - 2006 - Quantification of the contribution of nitrogen from septic tanks to ground water in Spanish Springs Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20065206","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5206","title":"Quantification of the contribution of nitrogen from septic tanks to ground water in Spanish Springs Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analysis of total dissolved nitrogen concentrations from soil water samples collected within the soil zone under septic tank leach fields in Spanish Springs Valley, Nevada, shows a median concentration of approximately 44 milligrams per liter (mg/L) from more than 300 measurements taken from four septic tank systems. Using two simple mass balance calculations, the concentration of total dissolved nitrogen potentially reaching the ground-water table ranges from 25 to 29 mg/L. This indicates that approximately 29 to 32 metric tons of nitrogen enters the aquifer every year from natural recharge and from the 2,070 houses that use septic tanks in the densely populated portion of Spanish Springs Valley. Natural recharge contributes only 0.25 metric tons because the total dissolved nitrogen concentration of natural recharge was estimated to be low (0.8 mg/L). Although there are many uncertainties in this estimate, the sensitivity of these uncertainties to the calculated load is relatively small, indicating that these values likely are accurate to within an order of magnitude. The nitrogen load calculation will be used as an input function for a ground-water flow and transport model that will be used to test management options for controlling nitrogen contamination in the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065206","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., Kropf, C., and Thomas, K.A., 2006, Quantification of the contribution of nitrogen from septic tanks to ground water in Spanish Springs Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5206, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065206.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.75083333333333,39.58416666666667 ], [ -119.75083333333333,39.68416666666666 ], [ -119.63416666666667,39.68416666666666 ], [ -119.63416666666667,39.58416666666667 ], [ -119.75083333333333,39.58416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kropf, Christian","contributorId":48652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kropf","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79182,"text":"sir20065145 - 2006 - Annual ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from areas of spring-fed riparian vegetation along the eastern margin of Death Valley, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5145","title":"Annual ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from areas of spring-fed riparian vegetation along the eastern margin of Death Valley, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Flow from major springs and seeps along the eastern margin of Death Valley serves as the primary local water supply and sustains much of the unique habitat in Death Valley National Park. Together, these major spring complexes constitute the terminus of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System--one of the larger flow systems in the Southwestern United States. The Grapevine Springs complex is the least exploited for water supply and consequently contains the largest area of undisturbed riparian habitat in the park. Because few estimates exist that quantify ground-water discharge from these spring complexes, a study was initiated to better estimate the amount of ground water being discharged annually from these sensitive, spring-fed riparian areas. Results of this study can be used to establish a basis for estimating water rights and as a baseline from which to assess any future changes in ground-water discharge in the park.\r\n\r\nEvapotranspiration (ET) is estimated volumetrically as the product of ET-unit (general vegetation type) acreage and a representative ET rate. ET-unit acreage is determined from high-resolution multi-spectral imagery; and a representative ET rate is computed from data collected in the Grapevine Springs area using the Bowen-ratio solution to the energy budget, or from rates given in other ET studies in the Death Valley area. The ground-water component of ET is computed by removing the local precipitation component from the ET rate.\r\n\r\nTwo different procedures, a modified soil-adjusted vegetation index using the percent reflectance of the red and near-infrared wavelengths and land-cover classification using multi-spectral imagery were used to delineate the ET units within each major spring-discharge area. On the basis of the more accurate procedure that uses the vegetation index, ET-unit acreage for the Grapevine Springs discharge area totaled about 192 acres--of which 80 acres were moderate-density vegetation and 112 acres were high-density vegetation. ET-unit acreage for two other discharge areas delineated in the Grapevine Springs area (Surprise Springs and Staininger Spring) totaled about 6 and 43 acres, respectively; and for the discharge areas delineated in the Furnace Creek area (Nevares Springs, Cow Creek-Salt Springs, Texas Spring, and Travertine Springs) totaled about 29, 13, 11, and 21 acres, respectively. In discharge areas other than Grapevine Springs, watering and spring diversions have altered the natural distribution of the vegetation. More...","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065145","usgsCitation":"Laczniak, R.J., Smith, J.L., and DeMeo, G.A., 2006, Annual ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from areas of spring-fed riparian vegetation along the eastern margin of Death Valley, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5145, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065145.","productDescription":"46 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8638,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67baac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79175,"text":"sir20065137 - 2006 - A graphical modeling tool for evaluating nitrogen loading to and nitrate transport in ground water in the mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5137","title":"A graphical modeling tool for evaluating nitrogen loading to and nitrate transport in ground water in the mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"A flow and transport model was created with a graphical user interface to simplify the evaluation of nitrogen loading and nitrate transport in the mid-Snake region in south-central Idaho. This model and interface package, the Snake River Nitrate Scenario Simulator, uses the U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW 2000 and MOC3D models. The interface, which is enabled for use with geographic information systems (GIS), was created using ESRI's royalty-free MapObjects LT software. The interface lets users view initial nitrogen-loading conditions (representing conditions as of 1998), alter the nitrogen loading within selected zones by specifying a multiplication factor and applying it to the initial condition, run the flow and transport model, and view a graphical representation of the modeling results.\r\n\r\nThe flow and transport model of the Snake River Nitrate Scenario Simulator was created by rediscretizing and recalibrating a clipped portion of an existing regional flow model. The new subregional model was recalibrated with newly available water-level data and spring and ground-water nitrate concentration data for the study area. An updated nitrogen input GIS layer controls the application of nitrogen to the flow and transport model. Users can alter the nitrogen application to the flow and transport model by altering the nitrogen load in predefined spatial zones contained within similar political, hydrologic, and size-constrained boundaries.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065137","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., Skinner, K.D., and Pollock, D.W., 2006, A graphical modeling tool for evaluating nitrogen loading to and nitrate transport in ground water in the mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5137, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065137.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5137/Software.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79176,"text":"sir20065167 - 2006 - Simulation of ground-water flow and areas contributing recharge to extraction wells at the Drake Chemical Superfund Site, City of Lock Haven and Castanea Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T17:41:48","indexId":"sir20065167","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5167","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and areas contributing recharge to extraction wells at the Drake Chemical Superfund Site, City of Lock Haven and Castanea Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Extensive remediation of the Drake Chemical Superfund Site has been ongoing since 1983. Contaminated soils were excavated and incinerated on site between 1996 and 1999. After 1999, remedial efforts focused on contaminated ground water. A ground-water remediation system was started in November 2000. The source area of the contaminated ground water was assumed to be the zone 1 area on the Drake Chemical site. The remedial system was designed to capture ground water migrating from zone 1. Also, the remediation system was designed to pump and treat the water in an anoxic environment and re-infiltrate the treated water underground through an infiltration gallery that is hydrologically downgradient of the extraction wells. A numerical ground-water flow model of the surrounding region was constructed to simulate the areas contributing recharge to remedial extraction wells installed on the Drake Chemical site. The three-dimensional numerical flow model was calibrated using the parameter-estimation process in MODFLOW-2000. The model included three layers that represented three poorly sorted alluvial sediment units that were characterized from geologic well and boring logs.
Steady-state ground-water flow was simulated to estimate the areas contributing recharge to three extraction wells for three different pumping scenarios--all wells pumping at 2 gallons per minute, at approximately 5 gallons per minute, and at 8 gallons per minute. Simulation results showed the contributing areas to the three extraction wells encompassed 92 percent of zone 1 at a pumping rate of approximately 5 gallons per minute. The contributing areas did not include a very small area in the southwestern part of zone 1 when the three extraction wells were pumped at approximately 5 gallons per minute. Pumping from a fourth extraction well in that area was discontinued early in the operation of the remediation system because the ground water in that area met performance standards. The areas contributing recharge to the three extraction wells did encompass zone 1 at a pumping rate of 8 gallons per minute. At pumping rates of 2 gallons per minute, the contributing areas for the three extraction wells did not encompass zone 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., 2006, Simulation of ground-water flow and areas contributing recharge to extraction wells at the Drake Chemical Superfund Site, City of Lock Haven and Castanea Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5167, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065167.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8635,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Castanea Township, Lock Haven","otherGeospatial":"Drake Chemical Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.51266479492188,\n 41.09849932105247\n ],\n [\n -77.35404968261719,\n 41.09849932105247\n ],\n [\n -77.35404968261719,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -77.51266479492188,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -77.51266479492188,\n 41.09849932105247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5bf1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79161,"text":"ofr20061280 - 2006 - Metallogeny of the Great Basin: Crustal evolution, fluid flow, and ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T21:20:51.537","indexId":"ofr20061280","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1280","title":"Metallogeny of the Great Basin: Crustal evolution, fluid flow, and ore deposits","docAbstract":"The Great Basin physiographic province in the Western United States contains a diverse assortment of world-class ore deposits. It currently (2006) is the world’s second leading producer of gold, contains large silver and base metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, W) deposits, a variety of other important metallic (Fe, Ni, Be, REE’s, Hg, PGE) and industrial mineral (diatomite, barite, perlite, kaolinite, gallium) resources, as well as petroleum and geothermal energy resources. Ore deposits are most numerous and largest in size in linear mineral belts with complex geology.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are in the final year of a research project initiated in the fall of 2001 to increase understanding of relations between crustal evolution, fluid flow, and ore deposits in the Great Basin. Because of its substantial past and current mineral production, this region has been the focus of numerous investigations over the past century and is the site of ongoing research by industry, academia, and state agencies. A variety of geoinformatic tools was used to organize, reinterpret, and display, in space and time, the large amounts of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic information deemed pertinent to this problem. This information, in combination with concentrated research on (1) critical aspects of the geologic history, (2) an area in northern Nevada that encompasses the major mineral belts, and (3) important mining districts and deposits, is producing new insights about the interplay between key tectonic events, hydrothermal fluid flow, and ore genesis in mineral belts.
The results suggest that the Archean to Holocene history of the Great Basin was punctuated by several tectonic events that caused fluids of different origins (sea water, basinal brine, meteoric water, metamorphic water, magmatic water) to move through the crust. Basement faults reactivated during these events localized deformation, sedimentation, magmatism, and hydrothermal fluid flow in overlying rocks to form mineral belts that contain ore deposits of different types and ages that are locally superimposed (demonstrating inheritance). Fluid flow in these systems also was influenced by the distribution of permeable lithologies and paleotopographic highs and lows. Hydrothermal fluids evolved from their initial chemistries towards compositions that reflect the ƒO2 and ƒS2 buffering capacity of, and the ligands and metals present in, the rocks (±older mineralization) through which they moved. In northern Nevada, where gold deposits are relatively common, carbonaceous, pyritic strata buffered fluids of diverse origins to H2S-rich compositions so they could transport gold repeatedly over Paleozoic-Cenozoic time (convergent evolution). Ore formed where metal-laden fluids encountered effective physicochemical traps. Maps of Neogene basin fill and erosion surfaces identify areas where preexisting ore deposits have been progressively exposed or concealed. Comparisons with analogous terrains and deposit types in other parts of the world provide global context.
The initial findings and some of the databases, geologic maps, sections, reconstructions, hydrogeologic models, topical syntheses, regional overviews, short courses, field guides, and deposit comparisons produced by project staff and associated managers, contractors, and collaborators have been presented in numerous abstracts, symposia, USGS publications, and professional journals over the last 5 years (see the extensive bibliography). Notable among these was the 2005 Geological Society of Nevada symposium in Reno, Nevada, and the 2005 Geological Society of America annual meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah, where project results were presented to audiences from around the nation and world. The final results of the project will be submitted for publication in 2007 to appropriate USGS and professional journals. A special issue of GEOSPHERE, scheduled for publication in 2007, will be devoted to the results of this project and related work. This special issue will reach an international audience and be available worldwide on the internet.
Much of the research for this project has concentrated on areas that will receive the focused attention of the mining industry in the future. As such, the data and interpretations generated by this project have direct use for land-use managers in Federal, State, and local agencies. Improved hydrogeologic models developed by this project will considerably enhance ongoing and future water resource investigations in the region. The increased understanding of when, where, and how hydrothermal systems produce significant economic deposits has direct uses for mineral exploration and for future USGS mineral resource assessments in the Great Basin and other parts of the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061280","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., and Wallace, A.R., 2006, Metallogeny of the Great Basin: Crustal evolution, fluid flow, and ore deposits (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1280, xi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061280.","productDescription":"xi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77670.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62873e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":6024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79169,"text":"ofr20061255 - 2006 - Aeromagnetic and gravity data over the Central Transantarctic Mountains (CTAM), Antarctica: a website for the distribution of data and maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20061255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1255","title":"Aeromagnetic and gravity data over the Central Transantarctic Mountains (CTAM), Antarctica: a website for the distribution of data and maps","docAbstract":"Near complete coverage of the East Antarctic Shield by ice hampers geological study of crustal architecture important for understanding global tectonic and climate history. Limited exposures in the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTAM), however, show that Archean and Proterozoic rocks of the shield as well as Neoproterozoic-lower Paleozoic sedimentary successions were involved in oblique convergence associated with Gondwana amalgamation. Subsequently, the area was overprinted by Jurassic magmatism and Cenozoic uplift. To extend the known geology of the region to ice-covered areas, we conducted an aeromagnetic survey flown in draped mode by helicopters over the Central Transantarctic Mountains and by fixed-wing aircraft over the adjacent polar plateau. We flew more than 32,000 line km covering an area of nearly 60,000 km2 at an average altitude of 600 m, with average line spacing 2.5 km over most areas and 1.25 km over basement rocks exposed in the Miller and Geologists ranges. Additional lines flown to the north, south, and west extended preliminary coverage and tied with existing surveys. Gravity data was collected on the ground along a central transect of the helicopter survey area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061255","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Finn, C., Damaske, D., Abraham, J., Goldmann, F., Goodge, J., and Braddock, P., 2006, Aeromagnetic and gravity data over the Central Transantarctic Mountains (CTAM), Antarctica: a website for the distribution of data and maps (Version 1.0, Revised and reprinted 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1255, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061255.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140,-88 ], [ 140,-82 ], [ 160,-82 ], [ 160,-88 ], [ 140,-88 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0, Revised and reprinted 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, E. D. 0000-0002-0138-6166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":104561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldmann, F.","contributorId":41092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldmann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodge, J. W.","contributorId":102146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodge","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Braddock, P.","contributorId":54304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braddock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79165,"text":"sir20065192 - 2006 - Models for predicting recreational water quality at Lake Erie beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20065192","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5192","title":"Models for predicting recreational water quality at Lake Erie beaches","docAbstract":"Data collected from four Lake Erie beaches during the recreational seasons of 2004-05 and from one Lake Erie beach during 2000-2005 were used to develop predictive models for recreational water quality by means of multiple linear regression. The best model for each beach was based on a unique combination of environmental and water-quality explanatory variables including turbidity, rainfall, wave height, water temperature, day of the year, wind direction, and lake level. Two types of outputs were produced from the models: the predicted Escherichia coli concentration and the probability that the bathing-water standard will be exceeded. The model for one of beaches, Huntington Reservation (Huntington), was validated in 2005. For 2005, the Huntington model yielded more correct responses and better predicted exceedance of the standard than did current methods for assessing recreational water quality, which are based on the previous day's E. coli concentration. Predictions based on the Huntington model have been available to the public through an Internet-based 'nowcasting' system since May 30, 2006. The other beach models are being validated for the first time in 2006. The methods used in this study to develop and test predictive models can be applied at other similar coastal beaches.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065192","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Darner, R.A., and Bertke, E.E., 2006, Models for predicting recreational water quality at Lake Erie beaches: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5192, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065192.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8620,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,41.25 ], [ -82,41.5 ], [ -81,41.5 ], [ -81,41.25 ], [ -82,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertke, Erin E. eebertke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertke","given":"Erin","email":"eebertke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79166,"text":"ofr20061261 - 2006 - Deep resistivity structure of Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20061261","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1261","title":"Deep resistivity structure of Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office are addressing groundwater contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area project. One issue of concern is the nature of the somewhat poorly constrained pre Tertiary geology and its effects on ground-water flow in the area adjacent to a nuclear test. Ground water modelers would like to know more about the hydrostratigraphy and geologic structure to support a hydrostratigraphic framework model that is under development for the Yucca Flat Corrective Action Unit (CAU).\r\n\r\nDuring 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, supported by the DOE and NNSA-NSO, collected and processed data from 51 magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) stations at the Nevada Test Site in and near Yucca Flat to assist in characterizing the pre-Tertiary geology in that area. The primary purpose was to refine the character, thickness, and lateral extent of pre Tertiary confining units. In particular, a major goal has been to define the upper clastic confining unit (late Devonian - Mississippian-age siliciclastic rocks assigned to the Eleana Formation and Chainman Shale) in the Yucca Flat area. The MT and AMT data have been released in separate USGS Open File Reports.\r\n\r\nThe Nevada Test Site magnetotelluric data interpretation presented in this report includes the results of detailed two-dimensional (2 D) resistivity modeling for each profile (including alternative interpretations) and gross inferences on the three dimensional (3 D) character of the geology beneath each station. The character, thickness, and lateral extent of the Chainman Shale and Eleana Formation that comprise the Upper Clastic Confining Unit are generally well determined in the upper 5 km. Inferences can be made regarding the presence of the Lower Clastic Confining Unit at depths below 5 km. Large fault structures such as the CP Thrust fault, the Carpetbag fault, and the Yucca fault that cross Yucca Flat are also discernable as are other smaller faults. The subsurface electrical resistivity distribution and inferred geologic structures determined by this investigation should help constrain the hydrostratigraphic framework model that is under development.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061261","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Rodriguez, B.D., Sampson, J.A., Wallin, E.L., and Williams, J.M., 2006, Deep resistivity structure of Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1261, iv, 33 p. plus 55 unnumbered; plate, 22 x 34 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061261.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. plus 55 unnumbered; plate, 22 x 34 in.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8621,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.2175,36.83416666666667 ], [ -116.2175,37.25 ], [ -115.9175,37.25 ], [ -115.9175,36.83416666666667 ], [ -116.2175,36.83416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67254d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallin, Erin L.","contributorId":70066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79171,"text":"sir20065158 - 2006 - Sediment coring and sedimentation analysis on Rasmussen Lake in Ethel's Woods Forest Preserve near Old Mill Creek, Illinois in 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"sir20065158","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5158","title":"Sediment coring and sedimentation analysis on Rasmussen Lake in Ethel's Woods Forest Preserve near Old Mill Creek, Illinois in 2005","docAbstract":"The Lake County Forest Preserve District (LCFPD) is investigating the possibility of modifying the dam on Rasmussen Lake in Ethel's Woods Forest Preserve. The lake is of low water quality with an eroding shoreline. Sediments have been deposited in the impoundment over the last 50 years. Twenty-eight sediment sampling locations were identified along seven transects over a 51.4 acre area in Rasmussen Lake to determine sediment thickness and obtain sediment material for physical and chemical analyses. The maximum sediment thickness was consistently 3.0-4.5 feet (ft) from the dam to the upper end of the lake. The sediment thickness was less than 2.5 ft near the shore and in transect 5, near the northern part of the lake. Sediment thickness did not increase either in the upstream or downstream direction. The average-transect sediment thicknesses ranged from 1.8 to 2.7 ft. The approximate total sediment volume that has accumulated in the 51.4 acres of the lake over the past 50 years is 115.1 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065158","usgsCitation":"Straub, T., Roseboom, D., and Dennis, P.G., 2006, Sediment coring and sedimentation analysis on Rasmussen Lake in Ethel's Woods Forest Preserve near Old Mill Creek, Illinois in 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5158, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065158.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8626,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,42.45 ], [ -88,42.45 ], [ -88,42.45 ], [ -88,42.45 ], [ -88,42.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseboom, Donald P.","contributorId":94747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"Donald P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennis, Phillip G.","contributorId":38657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}