Aquatic systems are critical to food, security, and society. But, water data are collected by hundreds of research groups and organizations, many of which use nonstandard or inconsistent data descriptions and dissemination, and disparities across different types of water observation systems represent a major challenge for freshwater research. To address this issue, the Water Quality Portal (WQP) was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council to be a single point of access for water quality data dating back more than a century. The WQP is the largest standardized water quality data set available at the time of this writing, with more than 290 million records from more than 2.7 million sites in groundwater, inland, and coastal waters. The number of data contributors, data consumers, and third-party application developers making use of the WQP is growing rapidly. Here we introduce the WQP, including an overview of data, the standardized data model, and data access and services; and we describe challenges and opportunities associated with using WQP data. We also demonstrate through an example the value of the WQP data by characterizing seasonal variation in lake water clarity for regions of the continental U.S. The code used to access, download, analyze, and display these WQP data as shown in the figures is included as supporting information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019993","usgsCitation":"Read, E.K., Carr, L., DeCicco, L.A., Dugan, H., Hanson, P.C., Hart, J.A., Kreft, J., Read, J.S., and Winslow, L., 2017, Water quality data for national-scale aquatic research: The Water Quality Portal: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 1735-1745, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019993.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1735","endPage":"1745","ipdsId":"IP-082664","costCenters":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576bae4b057081a24ed19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, Emily K. 0000-0002-9617-9433 eread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9433","contributorId":5815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Emily","email":"eread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Lindsay 0000-0002-5799-6297 lcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-6297","contributorId":181732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Lindsay","email":"lcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":174716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Laura","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dugan, Hilary A.","contributorId":150191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugan","given":"Hilary","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17938,"text":"Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hart, Julia A. 0000-0002-0183-8070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-8070","contributorId":181733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kreft, James 0000-0001-8088-7788 jkreft@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-7788","contributorId":181734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreft","given":"James","email":"jkreft@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winslow, Luke 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":168947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70181778,"text":"70181778 - 2017 - Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T10:41:06","indexId":"70181778","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys","docAbstract":"Fishery independent gill net surveys provide valuable demographic information for population assessment and resource management, but relative to net construction, the effects of ancillary species, and environmental variables on focal species catch rates are poorly understood. In response, we conducted comparative deployments with three unique, inter-agency, survey gill nets used to assess walleye Sander vitreus in Lake Erie. We used an information-theoretic approach with Akaike’s second-order information criterion (AICc) to evaluate linear mixed models of walleye catch as a function of net type (multifilament and two types of monofilament netting), mesh size (categorical), Secchi depth, temperature, water depth, catch of ancillary species, and interactions among selected variables. The model with the greatest weight of evidence showed that walleye catches were positively associated with potential prey and intra-guild predators and negatively associated with water depth and temperature. In addition, the multifilament net had higher average walleye catches than either of the two monofilament nets. Results from this study both help inform decisions about proposed gear changes to stock assessment surveys in Lake Erie, and advance our understanding of how multispecies associations explain variation in gill net catches. Of broader interest to fishery-independent gill net studies, effects of abiotic variables and ancillary species on focal specie’s catch rates were small in comparison with net characteristics of mesh size or twine type.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.004","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R.T., Vandergoot, C., Kocovsky, P.M., Rogers, M.W., Cook, H., and Brenden, T.O., 2017, Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys: Fisheries Research, v. 188, p. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-069874","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75D8Q1G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Gill net catch data in Lake Erie, 2010-2013"},{"id":335324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 42.581399679665054\n ],\n [\n -80.71105957031249,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 42.69051116998238\n ],\n [\n -81.3262939453125,\n 42.67839711889055\n ],\n [\n -81.6558837890625,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 42.17561739661684\n ],\n [\n -82.84790039062499,\n 42.020732852644294\n ],\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -83.4027099609375,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -83.5235595703125,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -83.045654296875,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 41.36444153054222\n ],\n [\n -81.749267578125,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -80.5352783203125,\n 41.97174336327968\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 42.581399679665054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4252be4b0c825128ad3ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, H. Andrew","contributorId":181530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"H. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenden, Travis O.","contributorId":126759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenden","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70181803,"text":"70181803 - 2017 - Book review: Extreme ocean waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T10:35:02","indexId":"70181803","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Extreme ocean waves","docAbstract":"“Extreme Ocean Waves”, edited by E. Pelinovsky and C. Kharif, second edition, Springer International Publishing, 2016; ISBN: 978-3-319-21574-7, ISBN (eBook): 978-3-319-21575-4
The second edition of “Extreme Ocean Waves” published by Springer is an update of a collection of 12 papers edited by Efim Pelinovsky and Christian Kharif following the April 2007 meeting of the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union. In this edition, three new papers have been added and three more have been substantially revised. Color figures are now included, which greatly aids in reading several of the papers, and is especially helpful in visualizing graphs as in the paper on symbolic computation of nonlinear wave resonance (Tobisch et al.). A note on terminology: extreme waves in this volume broadly encompass different types of waves, including deep-water and shallow-water rogue waves (which are alternatively termed freak waves), and internal waves. One new paper on tsunamis (Viroulet et al.) is now included in the second edition of this volume. Throughout the book, the reader will find a combination of laboratory, theoretical, and statistical/empirical treatment necessary for the complete examination of this subject. In the Introduction, the editors underscore the importance of studying extreme waves, documenting a dramatic instance of damaging extreme waves that recently occurred in 2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-017-1486-1","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2017, Book review: Extreme ocean waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 174, no. 3, p. 1519-1519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1486-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1519","endPage":"1519","ipdsId":"IP-082925","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1486-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"174","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42528e4b0c825128ad3e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181789,"text":"70181789 - 2017 - Book review: A chorus of cranes: The cranes of North America and the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T11:02:56","indexId":"70181789","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: A chorus of cranes: The cranes of North America and the world","docAbstract":"Cranes (Gruidae) are widely distributed throughout the world, have lived on Earth for several million years, and currently reside on five continents. Archaeological evidence and historical references suggest that humans have interacted with and been captivated by cranes for many thousands of years (e.g., Leslie 1988, Muellner 1990). A glimpse of our reverence for these birds can be found in A Chorus of Cranes by Paul A. Johnsgard, with photographs by Thomas D. Mangelsen. Many species of cranes are currently identified as threatened or endangered, and their future will likely rest in the hands of humans; this book presents their plight and some of the measures that have been taken to conserve them. Dr. Johnsgard, an emeritus professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, is a prolific writer, having written more than 60 books in ornithology and other topics. This book serves as the latest update of previous efforts concerning crane biology, conservation, and management. A review without making comparisons to his past works is difficult, yet this assessment will primarily focus on the content of the current book, with little reference to past endeavors.
A Chorus of Cranes: The Cranes of North America and the World by Paul A. Johnsgard. 2015. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. x + 208 pp., 38 color photographs, 41 figures. ISBN 978-1-60732-436-2. $23.95 (Ebook). ISBN 978-1-60732-436-9.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-159.1","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., 2017, Book review: A chorus of cranes: The cranes of North America and the world: The Condor, v. 119, no. 1, p. 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-159.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-077559","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-159.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4252ae4b0c825128ad3e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181777,"text":"70181777 - 2017 - Asynchrony in the inter-annual recruitment of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T14:49:10","indexId":"70181777","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asynchrony in the inter-annual recruitment of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"Spatially separated fish populations may display synchrony in annual recruitment if the factors that drive recruitment success, particularly abiotic factors such as temperature, are synchronised across broad spatial scales. We examined inter-annual variation in recruitment among lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations in lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior using fishery-dependent and -independent data from 1971 to 2014. Relative year-class strength (RYCS) was calculated from catch-curve residuals for each year class across multiple sampling years. Pairwise comparison of RYCS among datasets revealed no significant associations either within or between lakes, suggesting that recruitment of lake whitefish is spatially asynchronous. There was no consistent correlation between pairwise agreement and the distance between datasets, and models to estimate the spatial scale of recruitment synchrony did not fit well to these data. This suggests that inter-annual recruitment variation of lake whitefish is asynchronous across broad spatial scales in the Great Lakes. While our method primarily evaluated year-to-year recruitment variation, it is plausible that recruitment of lake whitefish varies at coarser temporal scales (e.g. decadal). Nonetheless, our findings differ from research on some other Coregonus species and suggest that local biotic or density-dependent factors may contribute strongly to lake whitefish recruitment rather than inter-annual variability in broad-scale abiotic factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.01.007","usgsCitation":"Zischke, M.T., Bunnell, D., Troy, C.D., Berglund, E.K., Caroffino, D.C., Ebener, M.P., He, J.X., Sitar, S.P., and Hook, T.O., 2017, Asynchrony in the inter-annual recruitment of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the Great Lakes region: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 2, p. 359-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.01.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"369","ipdsId":"IP-070793","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.01.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4252be4b0c825128ad3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zischke, Mitchell T.","contributorId":181525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zischke","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":169859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":668488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troy, Cary D.","contributorId":169861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troy","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berglund, Eric K.","contributorId":115926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berglund","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caroffino, David C.","contributorId":181527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caroffino","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, Ji X.","contributorId":181528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Ji","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sitar, Shawn P.","contributorId":181529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitar","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":150480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70181774,"text":"70181774 - 2017 - Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-04T11:44:51","indexId":"70181774","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils","docAbstract":"Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial surface and provide important ecosystem services. While drylands as a whole are expected to increase in extent and aridity in coming decades, temperature and precipitation forecasts vary by latitude and geographic region suggesting different trajectories for tropical, subtropical, and temperate drylands. Uncertainty in the future of tropical and subtropical drylands is well constrained, whereas soil moisture and ecological droughts, which drive vegetation productivity and composition, remain poorly understood in temperate drylands. Here we show that, over the twenty first century, temperate drylands may contract by a third, primarily converting to subtropical drylands, and that deep soil layers could be increasingly dry during the growing season. These changes imply major shifts in vegetation and ecosystem service delivery. Our results illustrate the importance of appropriate drought measures and, as a global study that focuses on temperate drylands, highlight a distinct fate for these highly populated areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms14196","usgsCitation":"Schlaepfer, D., Bradford, J.B., Lauenroth, W.K., Munson, S.M., Tietjen, B., Hall, S.A., Wilson, S.D., Duniway, M.C., Jia, G., Pyke, D.A., Lkhagva, A., and Jamiyansharav, K., 2017, Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils: Nature Communications, no. 8, Article 14196; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14196.","productDescription":"Article 14196; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074335","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14196","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4252ce4b0c825128ad3ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tietjen, Britta","contributorId":181517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tietjen","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hall, Sonia A.","contributorId":181518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, Scott D.","contributorId":181519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jia, Gensuo","contributorId":181520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Gensuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg","contributorId":181521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lkhagva","given":"Ariuntsetseg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jamiyansharav, Khishigbayar","contributorId":181522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamiyansharav","given":"Khishigbayar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70179693,"text":"cir1426 - 2017 - Restoration handbook for sagebrush steppe ecosystems with emphasis on greater sage-grouse habitat—Part 3. Site level restoration decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T09:38:31","indexId":"cir1426","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1426","title":"Restoration handbook for sagebrush steppe ecosystems with emphasis on greater sage-grouse habitat—Part 3. Site level restoration decisions","docAbstract":"Sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the United States currently (2016) occur on only about one-half of their historical land area because of changes in land use, urban growth, and degradation of land, including invasions of non-native plants. The existence of many animal species depends on the existence of sagebrush steppe habitat. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) depends on large landscapes of intact habitat of sagebrush and perennial grasses for their existence. In addition, other sagebrush-obligate animals have similar requirements and restoration of landscapes for greater sage-grouse also will benefit these animals. Once sagebrush lands are degraded, they may require restoration actions to make those lands viable habitat for supporting sagebrush-obligate animals, livestock, and wild horses, and to provide ecosystem services for humans now and for future generations.
When a decision is made on where restoration treatments should be applied, there are a number of site-specific decisions managers face before selecting the appropriate type of restoration. This site-level decision tool for restoration of sagebrush steppe ecosystems is organized in nine steps.
Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov
This report describes a study of the hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow for the Canadian River alluvial aquifer in western and central Oklahoma conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. The report (1) quantifies the groundwater resources of the Canadian River alluvial aquifer by developing a conceptual model, (2) summarizes the general water quality of the Canadian River alluvial aquifer groundwater by using data collected during August and September 2013, (3) evaluates the effects of estimated equal proportionate share (EPS) on aquifer storage and streamflow for time periods of 20, 40, and 50 years into the future by using numerical groundwater-flow models, and (4) evaluates the effects of present-day groundwater pumping over a 50-year period and sustained hypothetical drought conditions over a 10-year period on stream base flow and groundwater in storage by using numerical flow models. The Canadian River alluvial aquifer is a Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace unit consisting of beds of clay, silt, sand, and fine gravel sediments unconformably overlying Tertiary-, Permian-, and Pennsylvanian-age sedimentary rocks. For groundwater-flow modeling purposes, the Canadian River was divided into Reach I, extending from the Texas border to the Canadian River at the Bridgeport, Okla., streamgage (07228500), and Reach II, extending downstream from the Canadian River at the Bridgeport, Okla., streamgage (07228500), to the confluence of the river with Eufaula Lake. The Canadian River alluvial aquifer spans multiple climate divisions, ranging from semiarid in the west to humid subtropical in the east. The average annual precipitation in the study area from 1896 to 2014 was 34.4 inches per year (in/yr).
A hydrogeologic framework of the Canadian River alluvial aquifer was developed that includes the areal and vertical extent of the aquifer and the distribution, texture variability, and hydraulic properties of aquifer materials. The aquifer areal extent ranged from less than 0.2 to
8.5 miles wide. The maximum aquifer thickness was 120 feet (ft), and the average aquifer thickness was 50 ft. Average horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Canadian River alluvial aquifer was calculated to be 39 feet per day, and the maximum horizontal hydraulic conductivity was calculated to be 100 feet per day.
Recharge rates to the Canadian River alluvial aquifer were estimated by using a soil-water-balance code to estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge and a water-table fluctuation method to estimate localized recharge rates. By using daily precipitation and temperature data from 39 climate stations, recharge was estimated to average 3.4 in/yr, which corresponds to 8.7 percent of precipitation as recharge for the Canadian River alluvial aquifer from 1981 to 2013. The water-table fluctuation method was used at one site where continuous water-level observation data were available to estimate the percentage of precipitation that becomes groundwater recharge. Estimated annual recharge at that site was 9.7 in/yr during 2014.
Groundwater flow in the Canadian River alluvial aquifer was identified and quantified by a conceptual flow model for the period 1981–2013. Inflows to the Canadian River alluvial aquifer include recharge to the water table from precipitation, lateral flow from the surrounding bedrock, and flow from the Canadian River, whereas outflows include flow to the Canadian River (base-flow gain), evapotranspiration, and groundwater use. Total annual recharge inflows estimated by the soil-water-balance code were multiplied by the area of each reach and then averaged over the simulated period to produce an annual average of 28,919 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) for Reach I and 82,006 acre-ft/yr for Reach II. Stream base flow to the Canadian River was estimated to be the largest outflow of groundwater from the aquifer, measured at four streamgages, along with evapotranspiration and groundwater use, which were relatively minor discharge components.
Objectives for the numerical groundwater-flow models included simulating groundwater flow in the Canadian River alluvial aquifer from 1981 to 2013 to address groundwater use and drought scenarios, including calculation of the EPS pumping rates. The EPS for the alluvial and terrace aquifers is defined by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board as the amount of fresh water that each landowner is allowed per year per acre of owned land to maintain a saturated thickness of at least 5 ft in at least 50 percent of the overlying land of the groundwater basin for a minimum of 20 years.
The groundwater-flow models were calibrated to water-table altitude observations, streamgage base flows, and base-flow gain to the Canadian River. The Reach I water-table altitude observation root-mean-square error was 6.1 ft, and 75 percent of residuals were within ±6.7 ft of observed measurements. The average simulated stream base-flow residual at the Bridgeport streamgage (07228500) was 8.8 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), and 75 percent of residuals were within ±30 ft3/s of observed measurements. Simulated base-flow gain in Reach I was 8.8 ft3/s lower than estimated base-flow gain. The Reach II water-table altitude observation root-mean-square error was 4 ft, and 75 percent of residuals were within ±4.3 ft of the observations. The average simulated stream base-flow residual in Reach II was between 35 and 132 ft3/s. The average simulated base-flow gain residual in Reach II was between 11.3 and 61.1 ft3/s.
Several future predictive scenarios were run, including estimating the EPS pumping rate for 20-, 40-, and 50-year life of basin scenarios, determining the effects of current groundwater use over a 50-year period into the future, and evaluating the effects of a sustained drought on water availability for both reaches. The EPS pumping rate was determined to be 1.35 acre-feet per acre per year ([acre-ft/acre]/yr) in Reach I and 3.08 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach II for a 20-year period. For the 40- and 50-year periods, the EPS rate was determined to be
1.34 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach I and 3.08 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach II. Storage changes decreased in tandem with simulated groundwater pumping and were minimal after the first 15 simulated years for Reach I and the first 8 simulated years for Reach II.
Groundwater pumping at year 2013 rates for a period of 50 years resulted in a 0.2-percent decrease in groundwater-storage volumes in Reach I and a 0.6-percent decrease in the groundwater-storage volumes in Reach II. The small changes in storage are due to groundwater use by pumping, which composes a small percentage of the total groundwater-flow model budgets for Reaches I and II.
A sustained drought scenario was used to evaluate the effects of a hypothetical 10-year drought on water availability. A 10-year period was chosen where the effects of drought conditions would be simulated by decreasing recharge by 75 percent. In Reach I, average simulated stream base flow at the Bridgeport streamgage (07228500) decreased by 58 percent during the hypothetical 10-year drought compared to average simulated stream base flow during the nondrought period. In Reach II, average simulated stream base flows at the Purcell streamgage (07229200) and Calvin streamgage (07231500) decreased by 64 percent and 54 percent, respectively. In Reach I, the groundwater-storage drought scenario resulted in a storage decline of 30 thousand acre-feet, or an average decline in the water table of
1.2 ft. In Reach II, the groundwater-storage drought scenario resulted in a storage decline of 71 thousand acre-feet, or an average decline in the water table of 2.0 ft.
Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
202 NW 66th, Bldg 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Shawnee Reservoir (locally known as Shawnee Twin Lakes) is a man-made reservoir on South Deer Creek with a drainage area of 32.7 square miles in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma. The reservoir consists of two lakes connected by an equilibrium channel. The southern lake (Shawnee City Lake Number 1) was impounded in 1935, and the northern lake (Shawnee City Lake Number 2) was impounded in 1960. Shawnee Reservoir serves as a municipal water supply, and water is transferred about 9 miles by gravity to a water treatment plant in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Secondary uses of the reservoir are for recreation, fish and wildlife habitat, and flood control. Shawnee Reservoir has a normal-pool elevation of 1,069.0 feet (ft) above North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). The auxiliary spillway, which defines the flood-pool elevation, is at an elevation of 1,075.0 ft.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Shawnee, has operated a real-time stage (water-surface elevation) gage (USGS station 07241600) at Shawnee Reservoir since 2006. For the period of record ending in 2016, this gage recorded a maximum stage of 1,078.1 ft on May 24, 2015, and a minimum stage of 1,059.1 ft on April 10–11, 2007. This gage did not report reservoir storage prior to this report (2016) because a sufficiently detailed and thoroughly documented bathymetric (reservoir-bottom elevation) survey and corresponding stage-storage relation had not been published. A 2011 bathymetric survey with contours delineated at 5-foot intervals was published in Oklahoma Water Resources Board (2016), but that publication did not include a stage-storage relation table. The USGS, in cooperation with the City of Shawnee, performed a bathymetric survey of Shawnee Reservoir in 2016 and released the bathymetric-survey data in 2017. The purposes of the bathymetric survey were to (1) develop a detailed bathymetric map of the reservoir and (2) determine the relations between stage and reservoir storage capacity and between stage and reservoir surface area. The bathymetric map may serve as a baseline to which temporal changes in storage capacity, due to sedimentation and other factors, can be compared. The stage-storage relation may be used in the reporting of real-time Shawnee Reservoir storage capacity at USGS station 07241600 to support water-resource management decisions by the City of Shawnee.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Shawnee","usgsCitation":"Ashworth, C.E., Smith, S.J., and Smith, K.A., 2017, Bathymetry and capacity of Shawnee Reservoir, Oklahoma, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3374, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3374.","productDescription":"Sheet: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080842","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3374/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335150,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72805SC","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry and Capacity of Shawnee Reservoir, Oklahoma, 2016"},{"id":335149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3374/sim3374.pdf","text":"Map","size":"4.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3374"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Shawnee reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.125,\n 35.372222\n ],\n [\n -97.125,\n 35.302778\n ],\n [\n -97.052778,\n 35.302778\n ],\n [\n -97.052778,\n 35.372222\n ],\n [\n -97.125,\n 35.372222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
202 NW 66th, Bldg 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
While disturbances such as fire, cutting, and grazing can be an important part of the conservation of natural lands, some adjustments to management designed to mimic natural disturbance may be necessary with ongoing and projected climate change. Stressed vegetation that is incapable of regeneration will be difficult to maintain if adults are experiencing mortality, and/or if their early life-history stages depend on disturbance. A variety of active management strategies employing disturbance are suggested, including resisting, accommodating, or directing vegetation change by manipulating management intensity and frequency. Particularly if land-use change is the main cause of vegetation stress, amelioration of these problems using management may help vegetation resist change (e.g. strategic timing of water release if a water control structure is available). Managers could direct succession by using management to push vegetation toward a new state. Despite the historical effects of management, some vegetation change will not be controllable as climates shift, and managers may have to accept some of these changes. Nevertheless, proactive measures may help managers achieve important conservation goals in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, MA","doi":"10.1111/rec.12507","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., Boudell, J., and Fisichelli, N., 2017, Using management to address vegetation stress related to land-use and climate change: Restoration Ecology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 326-329, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12507.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"329","ipdsId":"IP-076897","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3b0e4b0c825128699ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudell, Jere","contributorId":181496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudell","given":"Jere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisichelli, Nicholas","contributorId":168824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisichelli","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":25366,"text":"National Park Service, Climate Change Response Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70181752,"text":"70181752 - 2017 - Ecosystem implications of conserving endemic versus eradicating introduced large herbivores in the Galapagos Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T12:56:48","indexId":"70181752","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem implications of conserving endemic versus eradicating introduced large herbivores in the Galapagos Archipelago","docAbstract":"Restoration of damaged ecosystems through invasive species removal and native species conservation is an increasingly common practice in biodiversity conservation. Estimating the degree of ecosystem response attributable specifically to eradication of exotic herbivores versus restoration of native herbivores is often difficult and is complicated by concurrent temporal changes in other factors, especially climate. We investigated the interactive impacts of native mega-herbivores (giant tortoises) and the eradication of large alien herbivores (goats) on vegetation productivity across the Galapagos Archipelago. We examined archipelago-wide patterns of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy for vegetation productivity between 2001 and 2015 and evaluated how goat and historical and current tortoise occurrence influenced productivity. We used a breakpoint analysis to detect change in trends in productivity from five targeted areas following goat eradication. We found a positive association between tortoise occurrence and vegetation productivity and a negative association with goat occurrence. We also documented an increase in plant productivity following goat removal with recovery higher in moister regions than in arid region, potentially indicating an alternate stable state has been created in the latter. Climate variation also contributed to the detected improvement in productivity following goat eradication, sometimes obscuring the effect of eradication but more usually magnifying it by up to 300%. Our work offers perspectives regarding the effectiveness and outcomes of eradicating introduced herbivores and re-introducing native herbivores, and the merits of staging them simultaneously in order to restore critical ecosystem processes such as vegetation productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.015","usgsCitation":"Bastille-Rousseau, G., Gibbs, J.P., Campbell, K., Yackulic, C.B., and Blake, S., 2017, Ecosystem implications of conserving endemic versus eradicating introduced large herbivores in the Galapagos Archipelago: Biological Conservation, v. 209, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-080210","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","state":"Galapagos Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.78140258789062, 0.6426867176331666 ], [ -90.76148986816406, 0.6406269102852002 ], [ -90.75256347656249, 0.6248350266391894 ], [ -90.74569702148436, 0.6165957640780058 ], [ -90.74020385742188, 0.608356488765673 ], [ -90.72990417480467, 0.598057376953491 ], [ -90.72303771972656, 0.5808921478202913 ], [ -90.71891784667969, 0.5644134787804073 ], [ -90.72097778320312, 0.546561534676349 ], [ -90.72303771972656, 0.5396953881051948 ], [ -90.73127746582031, 0.5396953881051948 ], [ -90.74295043945312, 0.5417552328948546 ], [ -90.77041625976562, 0.5486213771215711 ], [ -90.77934265136719, 0.5506812188576821 ], [ -90.78620910644531, 0.5637268665477498 ], [ -90.78620910644531, 0.5781457062804182 ], [ -90.78620910644531, 0.5856984172995 ], [ -90.78689575195312, 0.5946243353719501 ], [ -90.7917022705078, 0.6062966679651943 ], [ -90.78758239746094, 0.6097297021959899 ], [ -90.78826904296875, 0.6262082358143821 ], [ -90.78620910644531, 0.6344474832839102 ], [ -90.78140258789062, 0.6426867176331666 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.52047729492188, 0.3742191411178581 ], [ -90.50811767578125, 0.38108544703611225 ], [ -90.49026489257812, 0.3865784878348708 ], [ -90.47035217285156, 0.3865784878348708 ], [ -90.46142578125, 0.38451859794901677 ], [ -90.44563293457031, 0.36803946119346553 ], [ -90.43258666992188, 0.36185977698765204 ], [ -90.42366027832031, 0.3501870287272967 ], [ -90.40443420410156, 0.3254682203214611 ], [ -90.39962768554688, 0.31654196882417385 ], [ -90.41473388671875, 0.2980028067984002 ], [ -90.43258666992188, 0.28907653235343633 ], [ -90.45387268066406, 0.28152352541109416 ], [ -90.47309875488281, 0.2760304263727027 ], [ -90.4888916015625, 0.2794636135722375 ], [ -90.50674438476562, 0.2897631691010714 ], [ -90.5108642578125, 0.2980028067984002 ], [ -90.54313659667969, 0.31516869867571234 ], [ -90.54039001464844, 0.3186018737056562 ], [ -90.54244995117186, 0.33714099878793863 ], [ -90.5438232421875, 0.35362019151083274 ], [ -90.538330078125, 0.3604865132566084 ], [ -90.52047729492188, 0.3742191411178581 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.96498107910156, 0.3398875328820167 ], [ -89.95536804199219, 0.3460672317284577 ], [ -89.94163513183594, 0.34332069940055443 ], [ -89.9347686767578, 0.32821475766448843 ], [ -89.93751525878906, 0.31036225173543236 ], [ -89.945068359375, 0.29868944299732597 ], [ -89.95880126953125, 0.3000627152664032 ], [ -89.97596740722656, 0.3083023452333048 ], [ -89.97871398925781, 0.32134841290658545 ], [ -89.97596740722656, 0.33233456226293207 ], [ -89.96498107910156, 0.3398875328820167 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.4781494140625, -0.8129610018708315 ], [ -89.46853637695312, -0.7896173377761679 ], [ -89.46304321289062, -0.77725887405972 ], [ -89.46304321289062, -0.7607808662819371 ], [ -89.44244384765625, -0.7470491450051796 ], [ -89.42596435546875, -0.729197843309696 ], [ -89.39987182617188, -0.7168392082560548 ], [ -89.37240600585938, -0.7086000996551037 ], [ -89.36416625976562, -0.7031073524364783 ], [ -89.36416625976562, -0.6921218386632358 ], [ -89.35317993164062, -0.6866290722095443 ], [ -89.32708740234375, -0.6880022644165669 ], [ -89.30511474609375, -0.6893754562283864 ], [ -89.28176879882812, -0.7044805398489291 ], [ -89.2694091796875, -0.6948682195077698 ], [ -89.25018310546875, -0.6934950292846882 ], [ -89.24880981445311, -0.7044805398489291 ], [ -89.23507690429688, -0.7140928403610857 ], [ -89.24468994140625, -0.7237051207737014 ], [ -89.25567626953125, -0.7443027955751369 ], [ -89.27352905273438, -0.7525418387094969 ], [ -89.28451538085938, -0.7882441769447576 ], [ -89.30374145507812, -0.7923636580774823 ], [ -89.31884765624999, -0.8157073064961587 ], [ -89.35317993164062, -0.8211999101179438 ], [ -89.36141967773438, -0.8335582405953712 ], [ -89.36279296875, -0.8514090937772903 ], [ -89.3682861328125, -0.8720061292530121 ], [ -89.38339233398438, -0.8898568022677551 ], [ -89.39712524414062, -0.9145729757782163 ], [ -89.43695068359375, -0.9337965488500171 ], [ -89.46029663085938, -0.9392889790847924 ], [ -89.49050903320311, -0.9392889790847924 ], [ -89.5220947265625, -0.9598855151728071 ], [ -89.57015991210938, -0.9516469154747268 ], [ -89.60311889648438, -0.9365427650432783 ], [ -89.63058471679686, -0.9159460915806948 ], [ -89.62509155273438, -0.8953492997435784 ], [ -89.59487915039062, -0.8788717828324148 ], [ -89.56878662109375, -0.8610210575212998 ], [ -89.53857421875, -0.8431702486277521 ], [ -89.5440673828125, -0.8143341544173804 ], [ -89.5220947265625, -0.8225730598460887 ], [ -89.50286865234375, -0.8157073064961587 ], [ -89.4781494140625, -0.8129610018708315 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.08651733398438, -0.7978562932120886 ], [ -90.0494384765625, -0.7978562932120886 ], [ -90.02883911132812, -0.8088415414325004 ], [ -90.03021240234375, -0.8363045310104508 ], [ -90.06454467773438, -0.8363045310104508 ], [ -90.1043701171875, -0.8225730598460887 ], [ -90.08377075195312, -0.8102146953776028 ], [ -90.08651733398438, -0.7978562932120886 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.74319458007812, -1.3731595449619909 ], [ -89.72259521484375, -1.3566847287158743 ], [ -89.68414306640625, -1.3470743673411019 ], [ -89.64431762695312, -1.3553118222790563 ], [ -89.61959838867188, -1.3882613601346867 ], [ -89.62783813476562, -1.4116003389233212 ], [ -89.68276977539062, -1.4006173190275208 ], [ -89.7198486328125, -1.3868884718166363 ], [ -89.74319458007812, -1.3731595449619909 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.4559326171875, -1.2386120110295855 ], [ -90.42160034179688, -1.218017379393734 ], [ -90.41473388671875, -1.2331201247997963 ], [ -90.3955078125, -1.2427309182355561 ], [ -90.3680419921875, -1.2537146393238967 ], [ -90.35018920898438, -1.2729360401038594 ], [ -90.36941528320312, -1.3113784096477825 ], [ -90.39825439453125, -1.3415827152334823 ], [ -90.428466796875, -1.3621763466641585 ], [ -90.46279907226562, -1.3608034433485081 ], [ -90.4998779296875, -1.3402098002785028 ], [ -90.50949096679688, -1.3154972002419345 ], [ -90.49575805664061, -1.2852925793638545 ], [ -90.49713134765625, -1.259206482612979 ], [ -90.4833984375, -1.2468498190181676 ], [ -90.47515869140625, -1.2248822742251135 ], [ -90.4669189453125, -1.2248822742251135 ], [ -90.4559326171875, -1.2386120110295855 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5655517578125, -0.3007493513363384 ], [ -91.54083251953124, -0.2828967997683455 ], [ -91.50650024414062, -0.28152352541109416 ], [ -91.48452758789062, -0.26092439108663834 ], [ -91.44882202148438, -0.25955111423639193 ], [ -91.43646240234375, -0.2719106004261089 ], [ -91.4007568359375, -0.2938829887094558 ], [ -91.38290405273438, -0.35018702872728397 ], [ -91.37191772460938, -0.39550467153200675 ], [ -91.39389038085938, -0.43395581191069055 ], [ -91.39114379882812, -0.4586743000357256 ], [ -91.41311645507812, -0.4833927027896987 ], [ -91.42822265625, -0.4957518707149342 ], [ -91.46804809570312, -0.5012448268669448 ], [ -91.51199340820312, -0.5081110155722937 ], [ -91.54495239257812, -0.4957518707149342 ], [ -91.60812377929688, -0.48613918651493526 ], [ -91.63284301757812, -0.44219531715407406 ], [ -91.65206909179688, -0.39413141312106426 ], [ -91.65481567382812, -0.34332069940055443 ], [ -91.66580200195312, -0.3117355225141399 ], [ -91.66030883789062, -0.3034958951832057 ], [ -91.63284301757812, -0.3007493513363384 ], [ -91.5655517578125, -0.3007493513363384 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.29182434082031, -0.3893250069049245 ], [ -90.27809143066406, -0.38795174748133154 ], [ -90.27740478515624, -0.4009977028958279 ], [ -90.27191162109375, -0.41953665624233016 ], [ -90.25955200195312, -0.44288194218057636 ], [ -90.24787902832031, -0.4648539089074553 ], [ -90.24856567382812, -0.48888566912309733 ], [ -90.23757934570312, -0.5170370499652237 ], [ -90.22453308105469, -0.5369489273009945 ], [ -90.19775390625, -0.5493079911125155 ], [ -90.18470764160156, -0.556860739784772 ], [ -90.16342163085938, -0.5740260414817162 ], [ -90.17303466796875, -0.5898180735739592 ], [ -90.18264770507812, -0.6076698819194122 ], [ -90.17715454101562, -0.6227752122036241 ], [ -90.17921447753906, -0.6385671021092082 ], [ -90.18608093261719, -0.6577919459651944 ], [ -90.1764678955078, -0.6667177412833734 ], [ -90.19088745117188, -0.6811362994451107 ], [ -90.19363403320312, -0.6941816244460747 ], [ -90.20050048828125, -0.7058537268567243 ], [ -90.21766662597656, -0.6996743821400733 ], [ -90.22590637207031, -0.7127196557979029 ], [ -90.23208618164062, -0.7367503258434163 ], [ -90.23963928222656, -0.7463625578083474 ], [ -90.252685546875, -0.7484223190769084 ], [ -90.28839111328125, -0.7470491450051796 ], [ -90.31036376953125, -0.7463625578083474 ], [ -90.31036376953125, -0.7518552523736662 ], [ -90.30281066894531, -0.7621540360190787 ], [ -90.31448364257812, -0.7676467105818383 ], [ -90.33576965332031, -0.765586958444866 ], [ -90.34675598144531, -0.7697064617266555 ], [ -90.36529541015625, -0.7745125438579877 ], [ -90.37628173828125, -0.7669601266462959 ], [ -90.39756774902344, -0.7745125438579877 ], [ -90.41473388671875, -0.7669601266462959 ], [ -90.4181671142578, -0.7600942812494341 ], [ -90.43052673339844, -0.755288182971151 ], [ -90.45249938964844, -0.7484223190769084 ], [ -90.45799255371094, -0.7353771481492902 ], [ -90.46829223632812, -0.7230185299879949 ], [ -90.48408508300781, -0.7237051207737014 ], [ -90.494384765625, -0.7140928403610857 ], [ -90.4998779296875, -0.7086000996551037 ], [ -90.51773071289062, -0.7099732854441232 ], [ -90.52940368652344, -0.7031073524364783 ], [ -90.53970336914062, -0.6880022644165669 ], [ -90.54176330566406, -0.6818228963840582 ], [ -90.53695678710938, -0.6756435204204166 ], [ -90.54107666015625, -0.659851746309643 ], [ -90.54725646972656, -0.6481795331595092 ], [ -90.54862976074219, -0.628954653084842 ], [ -90.53764343261719, -0.6062966679651817 ], [ -90.53901672363281, -0.5966841605778406 ], [ -90.53352355957031, -0.5843251978673747 ], [ -90.53421020507812, -0.5712795966325395 ], [ -90.53558349609375, -0.5657867030024353 ], [ -90.52391052246094, -0.5589205786578622 ], [ -90.52047729492188, -0.5589205786578622 ], [ -90.51361083984375, -0.5431284623657774 ], [ -90.516357421875, -0.5314560019975019 ], [ -90.49575805664061, -0.5300827699064127 ], [ -90.48683166503906, -0.5225299879835053 ], [ -90.47721862792969, -0.5156638147161363 ], [ -90.46829223632812, -0.5163504323777461 ], [ -90.45387268066406, -0.5122307252991675 ], [ -90.439453125, -0.5108574890167433 ], [ -90.42984008789062, -0.5122307252991675 ], [ -90.41061401367188, -0.5039913032184342 ], [ -90.39619445800781, -0.5046779221256001 ], [ -90.38864135742188, -0.5053645409602877 ], [ -90.37490844726562, -0.5094842524408558 ], [ -90.37010192871094, -0.5136039612873394 ], [ -90.362548828125, -0.5129173433300779 ], [ -90.36186218261719, -0.5019314460630323 ], [ -90.3632354736328, -0.4964384904841577 ], [ -90.34194946289062, -0.4909455303423576 ], [ -90.32958984375, -0.4950652508745044 ], [ -90.31585693359375, -0.4909455303423576 ], [ -90.30693054199219, -0.4909455303423576 ], [ -90.30075073242186, -0.4936920109804714 ], [ -90.29045104980469, -0.4936920109804714 ], [ -90.28770446777344, -0.48819904857612645 ], [ -90.29457092285156, -0.4833927027896987 ], [ -90.29869079589844, -0.47789973201326874 ], [ -90.29800415039062, -0.4717201346418268 ], [ -90.30006408691406, -0.4607341702560447 ], [ -90.29182434082031, -0.45180806170124327 ], [ -90.28427124023438, -0.44494181687807316 ], [ -90.28427124023438, -0.436015689069555 ], [ -90.29251098632812, -0.43738894019586955 ], [ -90.29319763183592, -0.4305226820674341 ], [ -90.28564453124999, -0.4284628034187343 ], [ -90.28976440429688, -0.41610351998974715 ], [ -90.2911376953125, -0.4009977028958279 ], [ -90.29182434082031, -0.3893250069049245 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.10137939453125, -0.5863850268894218 ], [ -91.12472534179688, -0.5602938041720732 ], [ -91.16592407226561, -0.5314560019975019 ], [ -91.18927001953124, -0.5067377784118455 ], [ -91.22772216796875, -0.47789973201326874 ], [ -91.23321533203125, -0.4490615645450968 ], [ -91.22634887695312, -0.40374421719872633 ], [ -91.2579345703125, -0.38314533774883414 ], [ -91.285400390625, -0.35430682391556034 ], [ -91.33895874023438, -0.3364543651431128 ], [ -91.35955810546875, -0.28152352541109416 ], [ -91.38427734374999, -0.2636709443366629 ], [ -91.39389038085938, -0.21148633617335558 ], [ -91.38565063476562, -0.2018733616186114 ], [ -91.40625, -0.16616797994936602 ], [ -91.40762329101561, -0.1112365023867488 ], [ -91.40762329101561, -0.05905150321753712 ], [ -91.42135620117188, -0.03021240094364597 ], [ -91.45431518554686, -0.01510620099685623 ], [ -91.47354125976562, -0.019226073857941946 ], [ -91.50650024414062, -0.03158569175954262 ], [ -91.53121948242188, -0.04669188936317956 ], [ -91.56143188476562, -0.05493163220967156 ], [ -91.57928466796874, -0.03295898255728466 ], [ -91.59027099609375, -0.01510620099685623 ], [ -91.59027099609375, 0.0013732910154955367 ], [ -91.56692504882812, 0.015106200996868952 ], [ -91.54220581054688, 0.02883911011040894 ], [ -91.50924682617186, 0.05493163220967156 ], [ -91.49551391601562, 0.0782775635396999 ], [ -91.48727416992188, 0.1016234818735747 ], [ -91.4556884765625, 0.11260979078219244 ], [ -91.42959594726562, 0.11810294370912898 ], [ -91.39801025390625, 0.12634267104830502 ], [ -91.38153076171875, 0.14144883092742105 ], [ -91.35955810546875, 0.16204812380266767 ], [ -91.33209228515625, 0.160674838233185 ], [ -91.32522583007812, 0.13732897007314554 ], [ -91.30874633789062, 0.13458239577451545 ], [ -91.29776000976562, 0.09063716922855582 ], [ -91.28128051757812, 0.05767821291446039 ], [ -91.25244140624999, 0.023345946619616247 ], [ -91.22085571289061, -0.002746582030202296 ], [ -91.19888305664062, -0.019226073857941946 ], [ -91.18377685546875, -0.08926387990533165 ], [ -91.18377685546875, -0.11398307911293089 ], [ -91.18515014648438, -0.17852754314942096 ], [ -91.16729736328125, -0.23071226715249907 ], [ -91.12472534179688, -0.26641749698077904 ], [ -91.10824584960938, -0.28152352541109416 ], [ -91.09588623046874, -0.31997514339802613 ], [ -91.04232788085938, -0.3446939656635104 ], [ -91.00112915039062, -0.37490577195314734 ], [ -90.97503662109375, -0.42022328331247877 ], [ -90.94757080078124, -0.42296979098860243 ], [ -90.94757080078124, -0.4490615645450968 ], [ -90.94345092773438, -0.48888566912309733 ], [ -90.94894409179688, -0.5396953881051821 ], [ -90.95581054687499, -0.5808921478202913 ], [ -90.95306396484375, -0.6097297021959899 ], [ -90.93109130859375, -0.6220886072127588 ], [ -90.90911865234374, -0.6193421863569359 ], [ -90.89813232421875, -0.6069832749858769 ], [ -90.87615966796875, -0.6275814446298669 ], [ -90.87066650390625, -0.6468063298344506 ], [ -90.85006713867188, -0.6550455441838959 ], [ -90.84182739257812, -0.6811362994451107 ], [ -90.84182739257812, -0.7017341646201478 ], [ -90.82534790039062, -0.7044805398489291 ], [ -90.79788208007812, -0.729197843309696 ], [ -90.780029296875, -0.7497954927187279 ], [ -90.78414916992186, -0.7731393780893896 ], [ -90.80474853515625, -0.7909904981540058 ], [ -90.82534790039062, -0.7909904981540058 ], [ -90.82672119140625, -0.828065654025901 ], [ -90.83633422851562, -0.840423963028274 ], [ -90.83770751953125, -0.8678867310885294 ], [ -90.84320068359375, -0.9200654358283382 ], [ -90.88165283203125, -0.9173192068570714 ], [ -90.89263916015625, -0.9475276082358396 ], [ -90.91873168945312, -0.964004807589419 ], [ -90.94345092773438, -0.9694971897227194 ], [ -90.9832763671875, -0.9571393174703876 ], [ -91.00662231445312, -0.9804819272097239 ], [ -91.03134155273438, -0.9955858823213757 ], [ -91.065673828125, -1.0134359218013427 ], [ -91.09725952148438, -1.0106897682409002 ], [ -91.1260986328125, -1.0271666545523161 ], [ -91.16180419921875, -1.0381511983133127 ], [ -91.16317749023438, -1.0546279422758742 ], [ -91.18927001953124, -1.05050876440942 ], [ -91.21261596679686, -1.0477626428136284 ], [ -91.23184204101562, -1.0326589311777759 ], [ -91.28952026367188, -1.0203012955021493 ], [ -91.34857177734375, -1.018928221930885 ], [ -91.38153076171875, -1.0244205126966328 ], [ -91.44744873046874, -0.9983320485749159 ], [ -91.45294189453125, -0.9530200167955291 ], [ -91.483154296875, -0.942035190968262 ], [ -91.50787353515625, -0.9200654358283382 ], [ -91.51336669921875, -0.8953492997435784 ], [ -91.505126953125, -0.8678867310885294 ], [ -91.461181640625, -0.8239462091017558 ], [ -91.43234252929688, -0.7882441769447576 ], [ -91.40487670898438, -0.7662735426006045 ], [ -91.3677978515625, -0.7415564444349226 ], [ -91.32247924804686, -0.7140928403610857 ], [ -91.33071899414062, -0.6976145987557035 ], [ -91.318359375, -0.6934950292846882 ], [ -91.25518798828125, -0.6907486476442014 ], [ -91.24969482421875, -0.6825094932250956 ], [ -91.219482421875, -0.6660311422152353 ], [ -91.17965698242188, -0.6825094932250956 ], [ -91.15219116210938, -0.6770167157607309 ], [ -91.1480712890625, -0.6550455441838959 ], [ -91.12060546875, -0.6522991408974571 ], [ -91.12060546875, -0.6371938961998727 ], [ -91.10687255859375, -0.6371938961998727 ], [ -91.09588623046874, -0.6358206899245061 ], [ -91.087646484375, -0.6179689753949585 ], [ -91.08078002929686, -0.6111029152760514 ], [ -91.087646484375, -0.5877582458165641 ], [ -91.10137939453125, -0.5863850268894218 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.83358764648438, -0.20461992636879653 ], [ -90.83770751953125, -0.17715425874913565 ], [ -90.83221435546875, -0.16754126514172393 ], [ -90.791015625, -0.14556869105034712 ], [ -90.76492309570312, -0.1510618367064593 ], [ -90.736083984375, -0.1606748382331723 ], [ -90.69488525390625, -0.17440768964404602 ], [ -90.6646728515625, -0.1963802307328552 ], [ -90.60287475585938, -0.21972602392080884 ], [ -90.582275390625, -0.24444505921619442 ], [ -90.56991577148438, -0.2774037013721207 ], [ -90.5438232421875, -0.280150250892118 ], [ -90.55206298828125, -0.2938829887094558 ], [ -90.54107666015625, -0.31997514339802613 ], [ -90.56304931640625, -0.32821475766448843 ], [ -90.57952880859375, -0.3611731451480454 ], [ -90.5877685546875, -0.37490577195314734 ], [ -90.61248779296874, -0.3776522947549458 ], [ -90.65231323242188, -0.37078598613713865 ], [ -90.67703247070312, -0.35568008857229805 ], [ -90.70175170898438, -0.35842661727198993 ], [ -90.74432373046875, -0.36254640877525024 ], [ -90.77316284179688, -0.3392008994314591 ], [ -90.79376220703125, -0.3337078300816245 ], [ -90.81298828125, -0.3392008994314591 ], [ -90.82122802734375, -0.3337078300816245 ], [ -90.8294677734375, -0.3337078300816245 ], [ -90.83770751953125, -0.3048691668455094 ], [ -90.84732055664062, -0.2842700739630832 ], [ -90.86929321289062, -0.2719106004261089 ], [ -90.867919921875, -0.24307178062874174 ], [ -90.86242675781249, -0.24032522303569523 ], [ -90.83358764648438, -0.20461992636879653 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.70587158203124, -0.3996244453984425 ], [ -90.69351196289062, -0.4140436375202978 ], [ -90.70449829101562, -0.4277761770793117 ], [ -90.71754455566406, -0.42502967110820705 ], [ -90.72372436523438, -0.4147302650697052 ], [ -90.71273803710938, -0.40374421719872633 ], [ -90.70587158203124, -0.3996244453984425 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.67840576171875, -0.5898180735739592 ], [ -90.68939208984375, -0.5973707688085588 ], [ -90.68527221679688, -0.6138493403822785 ], [ -90.68389892578125, -0.6220886072127588 ], [ -90.67153930664062, -0.6248350266391767 ], [ -90.65849304199219, -0.6330742762788482 ], [ -90.65093994140625, -0.6296412571769079 ], [ -90.64201354980469, -0.615222552406841 ], [ -90.648193359375, -0.6028636315576017 ], [ -90.6536865234375, -0.5980573769534784 ], [ -90.6598663330078, -0.5898180735739592 ], [ -90.66673278808594, -0.5877582458165641 ], [ -90.67840576171875, -0.5898180735739592 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"209","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3b0e4b0c825128699f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume","contributorId":169986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastille-Rousseau","given":"Guillaume","affiliations":[{"id":25645,"text":"State Uni. of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, James P.","contributorId":102418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Karl","contributorId":181495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blake, Stephen","contributorId":65339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70181760,"text":"70181760 - 2017 - Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:58:32","indexId":"70181760","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA?","docAbstract":"Wildfire area is predicted to increase with global warming. Empirical statistical models and process-based simulations agree almost universally. The key relationship for this unanimity, observed at multiple spatial and temporal scales, is between drought and fire. Predictive models often focus on ecosystems in which this relationship appears to be particularly strong, such as mesic and arid forests and shrublands with substantial biomass such as chaparral. We examine the drought–fire relationship, specifically the correlations between water-balance deficit and annual area burned, across the full gradient of deficit in the western USA, from temperate rainforest to desert. In the middle of this gradient, conditional on vegetation (fuels), correlations are strong, but outside this range the equivalence hotter and drier equals more fire either breaks down or is contingent on other factors such as previous-year climate. This suggests that the regional drought–fire dynamic will not be stationary in future climate, nor will other more complex contingencies associated with the variation in fire extent. Predictions of future wildfire area therefore need to consider not only vegetation changes, as some dynamic vegetation models now do, but also potential changes in the drought–fire dynamic that will ensue in a warming climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/eap.1420","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., and Littell, J.S., 2017, Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA?: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 1, p. 26-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1420.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-073768","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.089714,41.531778],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.002565,36.526588],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.720259,34.406295],[-99.40296,34.373481],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.192104,34.216694],[-98.504182,34.072371],[-98.138979,34.141805],[-97.905467,33.863531],[-97.688023,33.986607],[-97.372941,33.819454],[-97.226522,33.914642],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-96.922114,33.959579],[-96.36959,33.716809],[-95.230491,33.960764],[-94.043009,33.493039],[-94.0427,32.056012],[-93.523248,31.037842],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.922744,29.818808],[-93.852868,29.675885],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.767246,29.525523],[-94.692434,29.70361],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.894234,29.338],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-94.73132,29.338066],[-95.353451,28.898145],[-96.341617,28.417334],[-95.983106,28.641942],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.473694,28.57324],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.481836,28.407844],[-96.790235,28.383926],[-96.898123,28.152881],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.040618,28.028708],[-97.183455,27.833231],[-97.354614,27.849572],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.399398,27.344735],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.485149,27.250841],[-97.552325,26.867633],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.711145,26.033043],[-98.20496,26.066419],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.556812,27.614336],[-99.841708,27.766464],[-100.280518,28.267969],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-102.341033,29.869305],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-103.107811,29.013812],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-104.46652,29.609296],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.158218,31.438885],[-106.381039,31.73211],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.145243,48.174046],[-96.854812,47.606328],[-96.774763,46.607461],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.82616,45.654164],[-96.452315,45.208986],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.591213,43.500514],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.630311,42.770885],[-96.443408,42.489495]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.383531,26.875521],[-97.366771,27.333276],[-96.946988,28.026522],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.929053,27.99044],[-97.276091,27.472145],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.161471,26.088705],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3abe4b0c825128699e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Donald","contributorId":181509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280 jlittell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":4428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"jlittell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181754,"text":"70181754 - 2017 - Improved accuracy in quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using sub-models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T13:10:20","indexId":"70181754","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3464,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved accuracy in quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using sub-models","docAbstract":"Accurate quantitative analysis of diverse geologic materials is one of the primary challenges faced by the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)-based ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover. The SuperCam instrument on the Mars 2020 rover, as well as other LIBS instruments developed for geochemical analysis on Earth or other planets, will face the same challenge. Consequently, part of the ChemCam science team has focused on the development of improved multivariate analysis calibrations methods. Developing a single regression model capable of accurately determining the composition of very different target materials is difficult because the response of an element’s emission lines in LIBS spectra can vary with the concentration of other elements. We demonstrate a conceptually simple “sub-model” method for improving the accuracy of quantitative LIBS analysis of diverse target materials. The method is based on training several regression models on sets of targets with limited composition ranges and then “blending” these “sub-models” into a single final result. Tests of the sub-model method show improvement in test set root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for almost all cases. The sub-model method, using partial least squares regression (PLS), is being used as part of the current ChemCam quantitative calibration, but the sub-model method is applicable to any multivariate regression method and may yield similar improvements.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.sab.2016.12.002","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.B., Clegg, S.M., Frydenvang, J., Wiens, R.C., McLennan, S.M., Morris, R., Ehlmann, B.L., and Dyar, M., 2017, Improved accuracy in quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using sub-models: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 129, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2016.12.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-070366","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1693629","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3afe4b0c825128699ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clegg, Samuel M.","contributorId":23460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frydenvang, Jens","contributorId":173225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frydenvang","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27196,"text":"LANL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiens, Roger C.","contributorId":140330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLennan, Scott M.","contributorId":95388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morris, Richard V.","contributorId":167513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Richard V.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dyar, M. Darby","contributorId":14314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyar","given":"M. Darby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70181009,"text":"70181009 - 2017 - Complete genome sequence of the acetylene-fermenting Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T17:48:12","indexId":"70181009","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5099,"text":"Genome Announcements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complete genome sequence of the acetylene-fermenting Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93","docAbstract":"Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolism that was previously reported as being unique to Pelobacter acetylenicus. Here, we report the genome sequence of Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93, an acetylene-fermenting bacterium isolated from sediments collected in San Francisco Bay, CA.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/genomeA.01573-16","usgsCitation":"Sutton, J.M., Baesman, S., Fierst, J.L., Poret-Peterson, A.T., Oremland, R.S., Dunlap, D., and Akob, D.M., 2017, Complete genome sequence of the acetylene-fermenting Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93: Genome Announcements, v. 5, no. 6, e01573-16; 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01573-16.","productDescription":"e01573-16; 2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-081654","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.01573-16","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589ffec9e4b099f50d3e0424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, John M.","contributorId":179294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baesman, Shaun 0000-0003-0741-8269 sbaesman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8269","contributorId":3478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"Shaun","email":"sbaesman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fierst, Janna L.","contributorId":179295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fierst","given":"Janna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poret-Peterson, Amisha T.","contributorId":179296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poret-Peterson","given":"Amisha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunlap, Darren S.","contributorId":179297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunlap","given":"Darren S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025 dakob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":4980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise","email":"dakob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178724,"text":"ofr20161199 - 2017 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources—Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and State Waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T10:46:43","indexId":"ofr20161199","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-10T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1199","title":" Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources—Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and State Waters","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups and their equivalent units for technically recoverable, undiscovered hydrocarbon resources underlying onshore lands and State Waters of the Gulf Coast region of the United States. This assessment was based on a geologic model that incorporates the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) of the Gulf of Mexico basin; the TPS was defined previously by the USGS assessment team in the assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in Tertiary strata of the Gulf Coast region in 2007. One conventional assessment unit (AU), which extends from south Texas to the Florida panhandle, was defined: the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil AU. The assessed stratigraphic interval includes the Edwards Limestone of the Fredericksburg Group and the Georgetown and Buda Limestones of the Washita Group. The following factors were evaluated to define the AU and estimate oil and gas resources: potential source rocks, hydrocarbon migration, reservoir porosity and permeability, traps and seals, structural features, paleoenvironments (back-reef lagoon, reef, and fore-reef environments), and the potential for water washing of hydrocarbons near outcrop areas.
In Texas and Louisiana, the downdip boundary of the AU was defined as a line that extends 10 miles downdip of the Lower Cretaceous shelf margin to include potential reef-talus hydrocarbon reservoirs. In Mississippi, Alabama, and the panhandle area of Florida, where the Lower Cretaceous shelf margin extends offshore, the downdip boundary was defined by the offshore boundary of State Waters. Updip boundaries of the AU were drawn based on the updip extent of carbonate rocks within the assessed interval, the presence of basin-margin fault zones, and the presence of producing wells. Other factors evaluated were the middle Cenomanian sea-level fall and erosion that removed large portions of platform and platform-margin carbonate sediments in the Washita Group of central Louisiana. The production history of discovered reservoirs and well data within the AU were examined to estimate the number and size of undiscovered oil and gas reservoirs within the AU. Using the USGS National Oil and Gas Assessment resource assessment methodology, mean volumes of 40 million barrels of oil, 622 billion cubic feet of gas, and 14 million barrels of natural gas liquids are the estimated technically recoverable undiscovered resources for the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil AU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161199","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Enomoto, C.B., Dennen, K.O., Valentine, B.J., and Cahan, S.M., 2017, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources—Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and State Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1199, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161199.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 68 p.; Appendix 1: 2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064618","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/ofr20161199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1199"},{"id":335074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/ofr20161199_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"446 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Input data form for the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil Assessment Unit (50490127)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -98.9208984375,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -101.42578124999999,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -100.5908203125,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -99.404296875,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 26.31311263768267\n ],\n [\n -98.7451171875,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 956
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The characteristics of bed material at selected sites within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, during 2010–13 are described in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation. During 2010‒13, six complete sets of samples were collected. Samples were initially collected at 30 sites; however, starting in 2012, samples were collected at 7 additional sites. These sites are generally collocated with an active streamgage. At all but one site, a separate bed-material sample was collected at three locations within the channel (left, right, and center). Bed-material samples were collected using either a US BMH–60 or a US BM–54 (for sites with higher stream velocity) cable-suspended, scoop sampler. Samples from each location were oven-dried and sieved. Bed material finer than 2 millimeters was subsampled using a sieving riffler and processed using a Beckman Coulter LS 13–320 laser diffraction particle-size analyzer. To determine the organic content of the bed material, the loss on ignition method was used for one subsample from each location. Particle-size distributions are presented as cumulative percent finer than a given size. Median and 90th-percentile particle size, and the percentage of subsample mass lost using the loss on ignition method for each sample are also presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1026","issn":"2327-638X (online)","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., and Wright, S.A., 2017, Bed-material characteristics of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, 2010–13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1026, 55 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ds1026.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078870","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1026/ds1026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1026"},{"id":334906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1026/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.66667\n ],\n [\n -121.1667,\n 37.66667\n ],\n [\n -121.1667,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director
U.S. Geological Survey
California Water Science Center
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
The motivation for earthquake early warning (EEW) is the fact that in many applications a few extra seconds of notice ahead of the about-imminent strong shaking can provide significant benefit. Reducing data latencies, accelerating processing times, and tuning seismic station distributions increase time available for warning. We assess the feasibility of EEW for Hawai‘i and examine how additional stations or upgrades to existing stations can improve warning times. We designed an objective method to identify the most efficient sites for improving an existing seismic network’s coverage, taking both seismic station distribution and seismic hazard into account. The choice of locations for new seismic station sites is informed by improvements in warning time, considering the distribution of seismic hazard and exposure. New sites that improve warning time from earthquakes that are most likely to generate significant ground motions are given preference. This technique may be applied to any seismically active region and target infrastructure in which seismic hazard is spatially defined. We demonstrate this method’s use on the Island of Hawai‘i, with focus on warnings to astronomical observatories on Mauna Kea and island population centers Hilo and Kailua-Kona. We identified 13 candidate sites for new sensors, telemetry upgrades, or new station installations that should provide an additional 1–4 s of warning for the most probable damaging earthquakes in southern Ka‘ū and northern offshore regions in which 2–14 s and <4 s of warning are currently estimated, respectively.
The Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD) uses the framework of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Modular Modeling System to simulate fluxes of water and solutes through watersheds. WEBMOD divides watersheds into model response units (MRU) where fluxes and reactions are simulated for the following eight hillslope reservoir types: canopy; snowpack; ponding on impervious surfaces; O-horizon; two reservoirs in the unsaturated zone, which represent preferential flow and matrix flow; and two reservoirs in the saturated zone, which also represent preferential flow and matrix flow. The reservoir representing ponding on impervious surfaces, currently not functional (2016), will be implemented once the model is applied to urban areas. MRUs discharge to one or more stream reservoirs that flow to the outlet of the watershed. Hydrologic fluxes in the watershed are simulated by modules derived from the USGS Precipitation Runoff Modeling System; the National Weather Service Hydro-17 snow model; and a topography-driven hydrologic model (TOPMODEL). Modifications to the standard TOPMODEL include the addition of heterogeneous vertical infiltration rates; irrigation; lateral and vertical preferential flows through the unsaturated zone; pipe flow draining the saturated zone; gains and losses to regional aquifer systems; and the option to simulate baseflow discharge by using an exponential, parabolic, or linear decrease in transmissivity. PHREEQC, an aqueous geochemical model, is incorporated to simulate chemical reactions as waters evaporate, mix, and react within the various reservoirs of the model. The reactions that can be specified for a reservoir include equilibrium reactions among water; minerals; surfaces; exchangers; and kinetic reactions such as kinetic mineral dissolution or precipitation, biologically mediated reactions, and radioactive decay. WEBMOD also simulates variations in the concentrations of the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18 as a result of varying inputs, mixing, and evaporation. This manual describes the WEBMOD input and output files, along with the algorithms and procedures used to simulate the hydrology and water quality in a watershed. Examples are presented that demonstrate hydrologic processes, weathering reactions, and isotopic evolution in an alpine watershed and the effect of irrigation on water flows and salinity in an intensively farmed agricultural area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Surface Water in Book 6: Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6B35","issn":"2328-7055","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M.T., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2017, Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD), user’s manual, version 1: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. B35, 171 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6B35.","productDescription":"xiv, 171 p.","numberOfPages":"190","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":144,"text":"Branch of Regional Research","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P26W9K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model"},{"id":334918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b35/tm6b35.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 6-B35"},{"id":334917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b35/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P26W9K","text":"Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD)"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 35 of Section B: Surface Water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","contact":"Chief, National Research Program, Central Branch
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25585, Mail Stop 418
Denver, CO 80225-0585
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, developed the Forested Floristic Quality Index (FFQI) for the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). The FFQI will help evaluate forested wetland sites on a continuum from severely degraded to healthy and will assist in defining areas where forested wetland restoration can be successful by projecting the trajectories of change. At each CRMS forested wetland site there are stations for quantifying the overstory, understory, and herbaceous vegetation layers. Rapidly responding overstory canopy cover and herbaceous layer composition are measured annually, while gradually changing overstory basal area and species composition are collected on a 3-year cycle.
A CRMS analytical team has tailored these data into an index much like the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) currently used for herbaceous marsh and for the herbaceous layer of the swamp vegetation. The core of the FFQI uses basal area by species to assess the quality and quantity of the overstory at each of three stations within each CRMS forested wetland site. Trees that are considered by experts to be higher quality swamp species like Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) are scored higher than tree species like Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow) and Salix nigra (black willow) that are indicators of recent disturbance. This base FFQI is further enhanced by the percent canopy cover in the overstory and the presence of indicator species at the forest floor. This systemic approach attempts to differentiate between locations with similar basal areas that are on different ecosystem trajectories. Because of these varying states of habitat degradation, paired use of the FQI and the FFQI is useful to interpret the vegetative data in transitional locations. There is often an inverse relation between the health of the overstory and health of the herbaceous community beneath it because of resource competition (for example, light) and differing environmental preferences between the two communities. The herbaceous layer vegetation responds rapidly to basic environmental factors such as flooding, salinity, and nutrients and can offer insight into the sustainability of swamps on a temporal scale shorter than tha of the slowly growing woody vegetation.
The FFQI will be available via the CRMS spatial viewer (http://lacoast.gov/crms2/home.aspx), and a new score will be calculated annually for each CRMS forested wetland site as data are collected to establish trends, to compare among sites, and to evaluate specific restoration projects when applicable. The FFQI will identify forested wetland areas in need of restoration and conservation and will help define targets and trajectories for restoration planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act","usgsCitation":"Wood, W.B., Shaffer, G.P., Visser, J.M., Krauss, K.W., Piazza, S.C., Sharp, L.A., and Cretini, K.F., 2017, Forested Floristic Quality Index—An assessment tool for forested wetland habitats using the quality and quantity of woody vegetation at Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) vegetation monitoring stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1002, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171002.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059586","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1002/ofr20171002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1002"},{"id":334900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 28.603814407841327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
https://ca.water.usgs.gov
Demographic characteristics of bats are often insufficiently described for modeling populations. In data poor situations, experts are often relied upon for characterizing ecological systems. In concert with the development of a matrix model describing Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) demography, we elicited estimates for parameterizing this model from 12 experts. We conducted this elicitation in two stages, requesting expert values for 12 demographic rates. These rates were adult and juvenile seasonal (winter, summer, fall) survival rates, pup survival in fall, and propensity and success at breeding. Experts were most in agreement about adult fall survival (3% Coefficient of Variation) and least in agreement about propensity of juveniles to breed (37% CV). The experts showed greater concordance for adult ( mean CV, adult = 6.2%) than for juvenile parameters ( mean CV, juvenile = 16.4%), and slightly more agreement for survival (mean CV, survival = 9.8%) compared to reproductive rates ( mean CV, reproduction = 15.1%). However, survival and reproduction were negatively and positively biased, respectively, relative to a stationary dynamic. Despite the species exhibiting near stationary dynamics for two decades prior to the onset of a potential extinction-causing agent, white-nose syndrome, expert estimates indicated a population decline of -11% per year (95% CI = -2%, -20%); quasi-extinction was predicted within a century ( mean = 61 years to QE, range = 32, 97) by 10 of the 12 experts. Were we to use these expert estimates in our modeling efforts, we would have errantly trained our models to a rapidly declining demography asymptomatic of recent demographic behavior. While experts are sometimes the only source of information, a clear understanding of the temporal and spatial context of the information being elicited is necessary to guard against wayward predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7287/peerj.preprints.2790v1","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Sanders-Reed, C., Szymanski, J., Pruitt, L., and Runge, M.C., 2017, Experts correctly describe demography associated with historical decline of the endangered Indiana bat, but not recent period of stationarity: PeerJ, v. 5, e2790v1, https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2790v1.","productDescription":"e2790v1","ipdsId":"IP-029961","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2790v1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194de4b02ff32c699c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders-Reed, Carol A.","contributorId":86441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders-Reed","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szymanski, Jennifer","contributorId":15123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":6969,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruitt, Lori","contributorId":17468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188647,"text":"70188647 - 2017 - Processing protocol for soil samples potentially contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores [HS7.52.02 - 514]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T14:06:26","indexId":"70188647","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Processing protocol for soil samples potentially contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores [HS7.52.02 - 514]","docAbstract":"This protocol describes the processing steps for 45 g and 9 g soil samples potentially contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. The protocol is designed to separate and concentrate the spores from bulk soil down to a pellet that can be used for further analysis. Soil extraction solution and mechanical shaking are used to disrupt soil particle aggregates and to aid in the separation of spores from soil particles. Soil samples are washed twice with soil extraction solution to maximize recovery. Differential centrifugation is used to separate spores from the majority of the soil material. The 45 g protocol has been demonstrated by two laboratories using both loamy and sandy soil types. There were no significant differences overall between the two laboratories for either soil type, suggesting that the processing protocol would be robust enough to use at multiple laboratories while achieving comparable recoveries. The 45 g protocol has demonstrated a matrix limit of detection at 14 spores/gram of soil for loamy and sandy soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Cincinnati, OH","usgsCitation":"Silvestri, E.E., and Griffin, D.W., 2017, Processing protocol for soil samples potentially contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores [HS7.52.02 - 514], vi, 18 p.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071772","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342662,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335822"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3429e4b062508e36af53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvestri, Erin E.","contributorId":127343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvestri","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}