During 2014–16, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority, documented the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas. The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are major sources of water for agriculture, industry, and urban and rural communities in south-central Texas. Both the Edwards and Trinity are classified as major aquifers by the State of Texas.
The purpose of this report is to present the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The report includes a detailed 1:24,000-scale hydrostratigraphic map, names, and descriptions of the geology and hydrostratigraphic units (HSUs) in the study area.
The scope of the report is focused on geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the outcrops and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. In addition, parts of the adjacent upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer are included.
The study area, approximately 866 square miles, is within the outcrops of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and overlying confining units (Washita, Eagle Ford, Austin, and Taylor Groups) in northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The rocks within the study area are sedimentary and range in age from Early to Late Cretaceous. The Miocene-age Balcones fault zone is the primary structural feature within the study area. The fault zone is an extensional system of faults that generally trends southwest to northeast in south-central Texas. The faults have normal throw, are en echelon, and are mostly downthrown to the southeast.
The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group rocks were deposited in an open marine to supratidal flats environment during two marine transgressions. The Edwards Group is composed of the Kainer and Person Formations. Following tectonic uplift, subaerial exposure, and erosion near the end of Early Cretaceous time, the area of present-day south-central Texas was again submerged during the Late Cretaceous by a marine transgression resulting in deposition of the Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group.
The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group, which overlies the Trinity Group, is composed of mudstone to boundstone, dolomitic limestone, argillaceous limestone, evaporite, shale, and chert. The Kainer Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the basal nodular, dolomitic, Kirschberg Evaporite, and grainstone members. The Person Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the regional dense, leached and collapsed (undivided), and cyclic and marine (undivided) members.
Hydrostratigraphically the rocks exposed in the study area represent a section of the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer, the Edwards aquifer, the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, and the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The Pecan Gap Formation (Taylor Group), Austin Group, Eagle Ford Group, Buda Limestone, and Del Rio Clay are generally considered to be the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer.
The Edwards aquifer was subdivided into HSUs I to VIII. The Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group contains HSU I. The Person Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs II (cyclic and marine members [Kpcm], undivided), III (leached and collapsed members [Kplc,] undivided), and IV (regional dense member [Kprd]), and the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs V (grainstone member [Kkg]), VI (Kirschberg Evaporite Member [Kkke]), VII (dolomitic member [Kkd]), and VIII (basal nodular member [Kkbn]).
The Trinity aquifer is separated into upper, middle, and lower aquifer units (hereinafter referred to as “zones”). The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is in the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is formed in the lower member of the Glen Rose Limestone, Hensell Sand, and Cow Creek Limestone. The regionally extensive Hammett Shale forms a confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer consists of the Sligo and Hosston Formations, which do not crop out in the study area.
The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is subdivided into five informal HSUs (top to bottom): cavernous, Camp Bullis, upper evaporite, fossiliferous, and lower evaporite. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is composed of the (top to bottom) Bulverde, Little Blanco, Twin Sisters, Doeppenschmidt, Rust, Honey Creek, Hensell, and Cow Creek HSUs. The underlying Hammett HSU is a regional confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer is not exposed in the study area.
Groundwater recharge and flow paths in the study area are influenced not only by the hydrostratigraphic characteristics of the individual HSUs but also by faults and fractures and geologic structure. Faulting associated with the Balcones fault zone (1) might affect groundwater flow paths by forming a barrier to flow that results in water moving parallel to the fault plane, (2) might affect groundwater flow paths by increasing flow across the fault because of fracturing and juxtaposing porous and permeable units, or (3) might have no effect on the groundwater flow paths.
The hydrologic connection between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs is complex. The complexity of the aquifer system is a combination of the original depositional history, bioturbation, primary and secondary porosity, diagenesis, and fracturing of the area from faulting. All of these factors have resulted in development of modified porosity, permeability, and transmissivity within and between the aquifers. Faulting produced highly fractured areas that have allowed for rapid infiltration of water and subsequently formed solutionally enhanced fractures, bedding planes, channels, and caves that are highly permeable and transmissive. The juxtaposition resulting from faulting has resulted in areas of interconnectedness between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs that form the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3366","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., Golab, J.A., and Morris, R.R., 2016, Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3366, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3366.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 20 p.; Sheet: 48.00 x 36.00 inches; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073371","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"805 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366 Pamphlet"},{"id":331192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":331195,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_BexarComalGIS.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3366 Appendix 1"},{"id":331193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366.pdf","text":"Map","size":"10.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal County, Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer, Trinity Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -98.65447998046875,\n 29.75364773335698\n ],\n [\n -98.78494262695312,\n 29.72025928058346\n ],\n [\n -98.80691528320311,\n 29.699982298744377\n ],\n [\n -98.80691528320311,\n 29.489815619374962\n ],\n [\n -98.60916137695312,\n 29.48383858387499\n ],\n [\n -98.316650390625,\n 29.597341920567366\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.685666670118724\n ],\n [\n -97.99942016601562,\n 29.757224408272663\n ],\n [\n -98.0364990234375,\n 29.852555290064018\n ],\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 30.0405664305846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501
This report presents results of the evaluation and interpretation of hydrologic and water-quality data collected as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Streamflow, phosphorus, and solids dissolved and suspended in stream water were the focus of monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey at 10 sites on 9 selected tributaries to Lake Ontario during the period from October 2011 through September 2014. Streamflow yields (flow per unit area) were the highest from the Salmon River Basin due to sustained yields from the Tug Hill aquifer. The Eighteenmile Creek streamflow yields also were high as a result of sustained base flow contributions from a dam just upstream of the U.S. Geological Survey monitoring station at Burt. The lowest streamflow yields were measured in the Honeoye Creek Basin, which reflects a decrease in flow because of withdrawals from Canadice and Hemlock Lakes for the water supply of the City of Rochester. The Eighteenmile Creek and Oak Orchard Creek Basins had relatively high yields due in part to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment and seasonal releases from the New York State Barge Canal.
Annual constituent yields (load per unit area) of suspended solids, phosphorus, orthophosphate, and dissolved solids were computed to assess the relative contributions and allow direct comparison of loads among the monitored basins. High yields of total suspended solids were attributed to agricultural land use in highly erodible soils at all sites. The Genesee River, Irondequoit Creek, and Honeoye Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of total suspended solids (165 short tons per square mile [t/mi2], 184 t/mi2, and 89.7 t/mi2, respectively) of the study sites.
Samples from Eighteenmile Creek, Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville, and Irondequoit Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of phosphorus (0.27 t/mi2, 0.26 t/mi2, and 0.20 t/mi2, respectively) and orthophosphate (0.17 t/mi2, 0.13 t/mi2, and 0.04 t/mi2, respectively) of the study sites. These results were attributed to a combination of sources, including discharges from wastewater treatment plants, diversions from the New York State Barge Canal, and manure and fertilizers applied to agricultural land. Yields of phosphorus also were high in the Genesee River Basin (0.17 t/mi2) and were presumably associated with nutrient and sediment transport from agricultural land and from streambank erosion. The Salmon and Black Rivers, which drain a substantial amount of forested land and are influenced by large groundwater discharges, had the lowest concentrations and yields of phosphorus and orthophosphate of the study sites.
Mean annual yields of dissolved solids were the highest in Irondequoit Creek due to a high percentage of urbanized area in the basin and in Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville and in Eighteenmile Creek due to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment. High yields of dissolved solids of 840 t/mi2, 829 t/mi2, and 715 t/mi2, respectively, from these basins can be attributed to seasonal chloride yields associated with use of road deicing salts. The Niagara Escarpment can produce large amounts of dissolved solids from the dissolution of minerals (a continual process reflected in base flow samples). Groundwater inflows in the Salmon River have very low concentrations of dissolved solids due to minimal bedrock interaction along the Tug Hill Plateau and discharge from the Tug Hill sand and gravel aquifer, which has minimal mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Hayhurst, B.A., Fisher, B.N., and Reddy, J.E., 2016, Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5084, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165084.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 46 p. Appendixes: 1-2","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065269","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325295,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 - Water-quality data - MS Excel","size":"80.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325296,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix2.csv","text":"Appendix 2 - Water-quality data- CSV","size":"45.4 KB cvs","description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325384,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1 -Streamflow and streamflow yields - CSV","size":"127 KB cvs","description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/sir20165084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - Streamflow and streamflow yields - MS Excel","size":"328 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.88732910156249,\n 42.92827401776912\n ],\n [\n -78.9971923828125,\n 42.976520698105546\n ],\n [\n -78.9862060546875,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 43.072900581493215\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -79.024658203125,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -79.2059326171875,\n 43.432977075795606\n ],\n [\n -78.6785888671875,\n 43.61619382369188\n ],\n [\n -76.783447265625,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -76.058349609375,\n 44.280604121518145\n ],\n [\n -75.9979248046875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 43.846412964702395\n ],\n [\n -76.1846923828125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -76.2066650390625,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -77.1185302734375,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -78.88732910156249,\n 42.92827401776912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
30 Brown Road
Ithaca, NY 14850
Or visit our Web site at: http://ny.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ultraviolet/visible light absorbance decrease systematically as groundwater moves through the unsaturated zones overlying aquifers and along flowpaths within aquifers. These changes occur over distances of tens of meters (m) implying rapid removal kinetics of the chromophoric DOM that imparts color to groundwater. A one-compartment input-output model was used to derive a differential equation describing the removal of DOM from the dissolved phase due to the combined effects of biodegradation and sorption. The general solution to the equation was parameterized using a 2-year record of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration changes in groundwater at a long-term observation well. Estimated rates of DOC loss were rapid and ranged from 0.093 to 0.21 micromoles per liter per day (μM d−1), and rate constants for DOC removal ranged from 0.0021 to 0.011 per day (d−1). Applying these removal rate constants to an advective-dispersion model illustrates substantial depletion of DOC over flow-path distances of 200 m or less and in timeframes of 2 years or less. These results explain the low to moderate DOC concentrations (20–75 μM; 0.26–1 mg L−1) and ultraviolet absorption coefficient values (a254 < 5 m−1) observed in groundwater produced from 59 wells tapping eight different aquifer systems of the United States. The nearly uniform optical clarity of groundwater, therefore, results from similarly rapid DOM-removal kinetics exhibited by geologically and hydrologically dissimilar aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Shen, Y., Strom, E.W., and Benner, R., 2016, The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1413-1422, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1422","ipdsId":"IP-071739","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GB2257","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for journal article entitled Removal Kinetics of Dissolved Organic Matter and the Optical Clarity of Groundwater - Supporting Data"},{"id":349215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Nebraska, South Carolina, Texas, Utah","volume":"24","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Yuan","contributorId":176364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Yuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benner, Ronald","contributorId":57380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187160,"text":"70187160 - 2016 - Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:03:41.486146","indexId":"70187160","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors","docAbstract":"The actively flowing waters of streams and rivers remain in close contact with surrounding off-channel and subsurface environments. These hydrologic linkages between relatively fast flowing channel waters, with more slowly flowing waters off-channel and in the subsurface, are collectively referred to as hydrologic exchange flows (HEFs). HEFs include surface exchange with a channel’s marginal areas and subsurface flow through the streambed (hyporheic flow), as well as storm-driven bank storage and overbank flows onto floodplains. HEFs are important, not only for storing water and attenuating flood peaks, but also for their role in influencing water conservation, water quality improvement, and related outcomes for ecological values and services of aquatic ecosystems. Biogeochemical opportunities for chemical transformations are increased by HEFs as a result of the prolonged contact between flowing waters and geochemically and microbially active surfaces of sediments and vegetation. Chemical processing is intensified and water quality is often improved by removal of excess nutrients, metals, and organic contaminants from flowing waters. HEFs also are important regulators of organic matter decomposition, nutrient recycling, and stream metabolism that helps establish a balanced and resilient aquatic food web. The shallow and protected storage zones associated with HEFs support nursery and feeding areas for aquatic organisms that sustain aquatic biological diversity. Understanding of these varied roles for HEFs has been driven by the related disciplines of stream ecology, fluvial geomorphology, surface-water hydraulics, and groundwater hydrology. A current research emphasis is on the role that HEFs play in altered flow regimes, including restoration to achieve diverse goals, such as expanding aquatic habitats and managing dissolved and suspended river loads to reduce over-fertilization of coastal waters and offset wetland loss. New integrative concepts and models are emerging (eg, hydrologic connectivity) that emphasize HEF functions in river corridors over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stream ecosystems in a changing environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00001-4","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., 2016, Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors, chap. 1 of Stream ecosystems in a changing environment, p. 1-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00001-4.","productDescription":"84 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-069432","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bae4b0c2e071a99b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178429,"text":"70178429 - 2016 - Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T10:44:21","indexId":"70178429","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range","docAbstract":"As part of a long term geologic and hydrologic study of several regional\ngroundwater flow systems in western Utah and eastern Nevada, the U.S. \nGeological Survey was contracted by the Southern Nevada Water Authority \nto provide geophysical data. The primary object of these data was to enable \nconstruction of the geological framework of the flow systems. The main \nnew geophysical data gathered during the study were gravity observations, \nand existing aeromagnetic data were also compiled. These data resulted in \nregional maps of the isostatic gravity and aeromagnetic fields of the area.\nThe isostatic gravity map shows a north-south grain to most of the area, \nwhich was imparted by post-20 Ma basin-range tectonism; whereas the \naeromagnetic map shows an east-west grain to the area, imparted by \nEocene to lower Miocene calc-alkaline calderas and source intrusions. \nTo de-emphasize surface and near-surface features and to gain greater \ninsight into contributions from deeper sources, the isostatic gravity \nanomalies were upward continued by 3 km and the aeromagnetic data \nwere transformed to their magnetic potential (\"pseudogravity\"). \nIdentification of maxima of the horizontal gradients in the gravity and \nmagnetic-potential data helped define deep-seated crustal blocks that are \ncharacterized by major changes in density and magnetization. Maps \nshowing these maxima were useful in defining large faults, especially \nrange-bounding faults, and margins of igneous bodies and calderas. A \ngravity inversion method was used to separate the isostatic residual anomaly \ninto pre-Cenozoic basement and young basin fill. Inasmuch as the primary \naquifer in the area is sedimentary basin fill, this method is especially valuable\nfor hydrogeologic analyses because it estimates the thickness of the fill.\nAs befits its name, the geology of the Confusion Range of Utah has been a \npoint of contention for many years, so we looked at it in greater detail in the \ncourse of our regional study. The northern part of the range is underlain by a \nlarge gravity high, which continues south through the Conger Range, Burbank \nHills, and northern Mountain Home Range. This is the \"structural trough\" \nreported in the literature that was mapped as the axial part of a Sevier \nsynclinorium and contains the maximum thickness (7 km) of high-density \ncarbonates in the area, thus the largest high gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., and McKee, E.H., 2016, Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range, v. 45, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-073281","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mapstore.utah.gov/uga45.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e5e4b0b7ea5451eec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195566,"text":"70195566 - 2016 - Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:42:36","indexId":"70195566","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","docAbstract":"Existing studies on the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge are either global or basin/location-specific. The global studies lack the specificity to inform decision making, while the local studies do little to clarify potential changes over large regions (major river basins, states, or groups of states), a scale often important in the development of water policy. An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge across the western United States (west of 100° longitude) is presented synthesizing existing studies and applying current knowledge of recharge processes and amounts. Eight representative aquifers located across the region were evaluated. For each aquifer published recharge budget components were converted into four standard recharge mechanisms: diffuse, focused, irrigation, and mountain-systems recharge. Future changes in individual recharge mechanisms and total recharge were then estimated for each aquifer. Model-based studies of projected climate-change effects on recharge were available and utilized for half of the aquifers. For the remainder, forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation were logically propagated through each recharge mechanism producing qualitative estimates of direction of changes in recharge only (not magnitude). Several key patterns emerge from the analysis. First, the available estimates indicate average declines of 10–20% in total recharge across the southern aquifers, but with a wide range of uncertainty that includes no change. Second, the northern set of aquifers will likely incur little change to slight increases in total recharge. Third, mountain system recharge is expected to decline across much of the region due to decreased snowpack, with that impact lessening with higher elevation and latitude. Factors contributing the greatest uncertainty in the estimates include: (1) limited studies quantitatively coupling climate projections to recharge estimation methods using detailed, process-based numerical models; (2) a generally poor understanding of hydrologic flowpaths and processes in mountain systems; (3) difficulty predicting the response of focused recharge to potential changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events; and (4) unconstrained feedbacks between climate, irrigation practices, and recharge in highly developed aquifer systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","usgsCitation":"Meixner, T., Manning, A.H., Stonestrom, D.A., Allen, D.M., Ajami, H., Blasch, K.W., Brookfield, A.E., Castro, C.L., Clark, J., Gochis, D., Flint, A.L., Neff, K.L., Niraula, R., Rodell, M., Scanlon, B., Singha, K., and Walvoord, M.A., 2016, Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 534, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-061996","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"534","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee916e4b0da30c1bfc51a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Diana M.","contributorId":83010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ajami, Hoori","contributorId":74506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ajami","given":"Hoori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brookfield, Andrea E.","contributorId":202677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brookfield","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Castro, Christopher L.","contributorId":202676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Jordan F.","contributorId":106177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jordan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neff, Kirstin L.","contributorId":202678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Kirstin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rodell, Matthew","contributorId":147282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodell","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70193969,"text":"70193969 - 2016 - Streamflow ratings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T13:18:51","indexId":"70193969","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Streamflow ratings","docAbstract":"Autonomous direct determination of a continuous time series of streamflow\r\nis not economically feasible at present (2014). As such, surrogates are used to\r\nderive a continuous time series of streamflow. The derivation process entails\r\ndeveloping a streamflow rating, which can range from a simple, single-valued\r\nrelation between stage and streamflow to a fully dynamic one-dimensional\r\nmodel based on hydraulics of the flow.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of Applied Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"McGraw-Hill","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., 2016, Streamflow ratings, chap. of Handbook of Applied Hydrology, p. 6-1-6-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6-1","endPage":"6-14","ipdsId":"IP-060480","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348999,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mhprofessional.com/9780071835091-usa-handbook-of-applied-hydrology-second-edition-group"}],"edition":"Second edition","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23dab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179702,"text":"70179702 - 2016 - Investigating dynamic sources of pharmaceuticals: Demographic and seasonal use are more important than down-the-drain disposal in wastewater effluent in a University City setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:08:44","indexId":"70179702","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating dynamic sources of pharmaceuticals: Demographic and seasonal use are more important than down-the-drain disposal in wastewater effluent in a University City setting","docAbstract":"Pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters poses risks to human and ecosystem health. Wastewater treatment facilities are primary sources of pharmaceutical pollutants, but little is known about the factors that affect drugs entering the wastewater stream. This paper investigates the effects of student pharmaceutical use and disposal behaviors and an annual demographic shift on pharmaceutical pollution in a university town. We sampled wastewater effluent during a ten-day annual spring student move-out period at the University of Vermont. We then interpreted these data in light of survey results that investigated pharmaceutical purchasing, use, and disposal practices among the university student population. Surveys indicated that the majority of student respondents purchased pharmaceuticals in the previous year. Many students reported having leftover drugs, though only a small portion disposed of them, mainly in the trash.
We detected 51 pharmaceuticals in 80% or more of the wastewater effluent samples collected over the ten-day sampling period. Several increased in concentration after students left the area. Concentrations of caffeine and nicotine decreased weakly. Drug disposal among this university student population does not appear to be a major source of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Increases in pharmaceutical concentration after the students left campus can be tied to an increase in the seasonal use of allergy medications directly related to pollen, as well as a demographic shift to a year-round older population, which supports national data that older people use larger volumes and different types of pharmaceuticals than the younger student population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.199","usgsCitation":"Vatovec, C., Phillips, P.J., Van Wagoner, E., Scott, T., and Furlong, E.T., 2016, Investigating dynamic sources of pharmaceuticals: Demographic and seasonal use are more important than down-the-drain disposal in wastewater effluent in a University City setting: Science of the Total Environment, v. 572, p. 906-914, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.199.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"914","ipdsId":"IP-074658","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Burlington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.25958251953125,\n 44.42765069807356\n ],\n [\n -73.25958251953125,\n 44.5058104003897\n ],\n [\n -73.16070556640625,\n 44.5058104003897\n ],\n [\n -73.16070556640625,\n 44.42765069807356\n ],\n [\n -73.25958251953125,\n 44.42765069807356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"572","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a48ae4b04df303d95800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vatovec, Christine","contributorId":178267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vatovec","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. 0000-0001-5915-2015 pjphilli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2015","contributorId":172757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Wagoner, Emily","contributorId":178268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Wagoner","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179582,"text":"70179582 - 2016 - Implementation and evaluation of a monthly water balance model over the US on an 800 m grid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:42:38","indexId":"70179582","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation and evaluation of a monthly water balance model over the US on an 800 m grid","docAbstract":"We simulate the 1950–2010 water balance for the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) with a monthly water balance model (MWBM) using the 800 m Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data set as model input. We employed observed snow and streamflow data sets to guide modification of the snow and potential evapotranspiration components in the default model and to evaluate model performance. Based on various metrics and sensitivity tests, the modified model yields reasonably good simulations of seasonal snowpack in the West (range of bias of ±50 mm at 68% of 713 SNOTEL sites), the gradients and magnitudes of actual evapotranspiration, and runoff (median correlation of 0.83 and median Nash-Sutcliff efficiency of 0.6 between simulated and observed annual time series at 1427 USGS gage sites). The model generally performs well along the Pacific Coast, the high elevations of the Basin and Range and over the Midwest and East, but not as well over the dry areas of the Southwest and upper Plains regions due, in part, to the apportioning of direct versus delayed runoff. Sensitivity testing and application of the MWBM to simulate the future water balance at four National Parks when driven by 30 climate models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) demonstrate that the model is useful for evaluating first-order, climate driven hydrologic change on monthly and annual time scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016WR018665","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Alder, J.R., 2016, Implementation and evaluation of a monthly water balance model over the US on an 800 m grid: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 12, p. 9600-9620, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018665.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"9600","endPage":"9620","ipdsId":"IP-072570","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586f69a3e4b01a71ba0bc8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191447,"text":"70191447 - 2016 - Pan-arctic trends in terrestrial dissolved organic matter from optical measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T11:51:33.765001","indexId":"70191447","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pan-arctic trends in terrestrial dissolved organic matter from optical measurements","docAbstract":"Climate change is causing extensive warming across Arctic regions resulting in permafrost degradation, alterations to regional hydrology and shifting amounts and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by streams and rivers. Here, we characterize the DOM composition and optical properties of the six largest Arctic rivers draining into the Arctic Ocean to examine the ability of optical measurements to provide meaningful insights into terrigenous carbon export patterns and biogeochemical cycling. The chemical composition of aquatic DOM varied with season, spring months were typified by highest lignin phenol and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with greater hydrophobic acid content, and lower proportions of hydrophilic compounds, relative to summer and winter months. Chromophoric DOM (CDOM) spectral slope (S275–295) tracked seasonal shifts in DOM composition across river basins. Fluorescence and parallel factor analysis identified seven components across the six Arctic rivers. The ratios of “terrestrial humic-like” vs. “marine humic-like” fluorescent components co-varied with lignin monomer ratios over summer and winter months, suggesting fluorescence may provide information on the age and degradation state of riverine DOM. CDOM absorbance (a350) proved a sensitive proxy for lignin phenol concentrations across all six river basins and over the hydrograph, enabling for the first time the development of a single pan-arctic relationship between a350 and terrigenous DOC (R2 = 0.93). Combining this lignin proxy with high-resolution monitoring of a350, pan-arctic estimates of annual lignin flux were calculated to range from 156 to 185 Gg, resulting in shorter and more constrained estimates of terrigenous DOM residence times in the Arctic Ocean (spanning 7 months to 2½ years). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models incorporating both absorbance and fluorescence variables proved capable of explaining much of the variability in lignin composition across rivers and seasons. Our findings suggest that synoptic, high-resolution optical measurements can provide improved understanding of northern high-latitude organic matter cycling and flux, and prove an important technique for capturing future climate-driven changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2016.00025","usgsCitation":"Mann, P.J., Spencer, R., Hernes, P.J., Six, J., Aiken, G.R., Tank, S.E., McClelland, J.W., Butler, K.D., Dyda, R.Y., and Holmes, R.M., 2016, Pan-arctic trends in terrestrial dissolved organic matter from optical measurements: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 4, 25, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00025.","productDescription":"25, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037336","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e07f30e4b05fe04ccfcd1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Paul J.","contributorId":178897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Six, Johan","contributorId":41693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Six","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tank, Suzanne E.","contributorId":150795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18102,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McClelland, James W.","contributorId":94905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dyda, Rachael Y.","contributorId":33966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"Rachael","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Holmes, Robert M.","contributorId":178901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70180390,"text":"70180390 - 2016 - Dissolved organic matter composition of Arctic rivers: Linking permafrost and parent material to riverine carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:36:37","indexId":"70180390","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic matter composition of Arctic rivers: Linking permafrost and parent material to riverine carbon","docAbstract":"Recent climate change in the Arctic is driving permafrost thaw, which has important implications for regional hydrology and global carbon dynamics. Permafrost is an important control on groundwater dynamics and the amount and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by high-latitude rivers. The consequences of permafrost thaw for riverine DOM dynamics will likely vary across space and time, due in part to spatial variation in ecosystem properties in Arctic watersheds. Here we examined watershed controls on DOM composition in 69 streams and rivers draining heterogeneous landscapes across a broad region of Arctic Alaska. We characterized DOM using bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, optical properties, and chemical fractionation and classified watersheds based on permafrost characteristics (mapping of parent material and ground ice content, modeling of thermal state) and ecotypes. Parent material and ground ice content significantly affected the amount and composition of DOM. DOC concentrations were higher in watersheds underlain by fine-grained loess compared to watersheds underlain by coarse-grained sand or shallow bedrock. DOC concentration was also higher in rivers draining ice-rich landscapes compared to rivers draining ice-poor landscapes. Similarly, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254, an index of DOM aromaticity) values were highest in watersheds underlain by fine-grained deposits or ice-rich permafrost. We also observed differences in hydrophobic organic acids, hydrophilic compounds, and DOM fluorescence across watersheds. Both DOC concentration and SUVA254 were negatively correlated with watershed active layer thickness, as determined by high-resolution permafrost modeling. Together, these findings highlight how spatial variations in permafrost physical and thermal properties can influence riverine DOM.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GB005482","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Swanson, D.K., Santosh, P., Butler, K.D., and Baltensperger, A.P., 2016, Dissolved organic matter composition of Arctic rivers: Linking permafrost and parent material to riverine carbon: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1811-1826, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005482.","productDescription":"16 p","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1826","ipdsId":"IP-081691","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gb005482","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef1e4b072a7ac0cad35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":178151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, David K.","contributorId":178902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santosh, Panda","contributorId":178903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santosh","given":"Panda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baltensperger, Andrew P.","contributorId":178904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baltensperger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179604,"text":"70179604 - 2016 - A novel, non-removal method for closing drainage tile for ecological restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-06T09:58:38","indexId":"70179604","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel, non-removal method for closing drainage tile for ecological restorations","docAbstract":"This article discussing the use of a new method and approach for closing tile for hydrological restorations without removal of the tile pipe and allows for more flexibility in restoration design.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Restorations","doi":"10.3368/er.34.4.273","usgsCitation":"Finocchiaro, R., Azure, D.A., and Vargo, M.A., 2016, A novel, non-removal method for closing drainage tile for ecological restorations: Ecological Restoration, v. 34, no. 4, p. 273-276, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.34.4.273.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"276","ipdsId":"IP-076436","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58772079e4b0315b4c11fe30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond 0000-0002-5514-8729 rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-8729","contributorId":167278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Azure, Dave A.","contributorId":178047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Azure","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vargo, Michael A.","contributorId":178048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190674,"text":"70190674 - 2016 - Effects of flow regime on metal concentrations and the attainment of water quality standards in a remediated stream reach, Butte, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:11:51","indexId":"70190674","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of flow regime on metal concentrations and the attainment of water quality standards in a remediated stream reach, Butte, Montana","docAbstract":"Low-flow synoptic sampling campaigns are often used as the primary tool to characterize watersheds affected by mining. Although such campaigns are an invaluable part of site characterization, investigations which focus solely on low-flow conditions may yield misleading results. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate this point and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the release of metals during rainfall runoff. This objective is addressed using data from diel and synoptic sampling campaigns conducted over a two-day period. Low-flow synoptic sampling results indicate that concentrations of most constituents meet aquatic standards. This finding is in contrast to findings from a diel sampling campaign that captured dramatic increases in concentrations during rainfall runoff. Concentrations during the rising limb of the hydrograph were 2–23 times concentrations observed during synoptic sampling (most increases were >10-fold), remaining elevated during the receding limb of the hydrograph to produce a clockwise hysteresis loop. Hydrologic mechanisms responsible for the release of metals include increased transport due to resuspension of streambed solids, erosion of alluvial tailings, and overland flow. Rainfall also elevated the alluvial groundwater table and increased infiltration through the vadose zone, likely resulting in dissolution from alluvial tailings that were dry prior to the event.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b03190","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Nimick, D.A., and Walton-Day, K., 2016, Effects of flow regime on metal concentrations and the attainment of water quality standards in a remediated stream reach, Butte, Montana: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 23, p. 12641-12649, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03190.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12641","endPage":"12649","ipdsId":"IP-077544","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Butte","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5838565826416,\n 45.986526035337306\n ],\n [\n -112.5182819366455,\n 45.986526035337306\n ],\n [\n -112.5182819366455,\n 46.005606753418796\n ],\n [\n -112.5838565826416,\n 46.005606753418796\n ],\n [\n -112.5838565826416,\n 45.986526035337306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b8f220e4b08b1644e0aef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178796,"text":"70178796 - 2016 - Streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T13:19:45","indexId":"70178796","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Streamflow data","docAbstract":"The importance of streamflow data to the world’s economy, environmental health, and public safety continues to grow as the population increases. The collection of streamflow data is often an involved and complicated process. The quality of streamflow data hinges on such things as site selection, instrumentation selection, streamgage maintenance and quality assurance, proper discharge measurement techniques, and the development and continued verification of the streamflow rating. This chapter serves only as an overview of the streamflow data collection process as proper treatment of considerations, techniques, and quality assurance cannot be addressed adequately in the space limitations of this chapter. Readers with the need for the detailed information on the streamflow data collection process are referred to the many references noted in this chapter.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of Applied Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"McGraw-Hill","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., 2016, Streamflow data, chap. of Handbook of Applied Hydrology, p. 5-1-5-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5-1","endPage":"5-7","ipdsId":"IP-062503","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mhprofessional.com/9780071835091-usa-handbook-of-applied-hydrology-second-edition-group"}],"edition":"Second edition","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a48de4b04df303d95818","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187206,"text":"70187206 - 2016 - Establishing links between streamflow and ecological integrity in the Sudbury River (Northeastern U.S.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T09:59:13","indexId":"70187206","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"122-2016","title":"Establishing links between streamflow and ecological integrity in the Sudbury River (Northeastern U.S.)","docAbstract":"With increased pressure from a growing human population, managers are challenged to understand how novel disturbances (e.g., climate change, increased water withdrawals, urbanization) may affect natural resources. The Sudbury River is a National Wild and Scenic River located in suburban Boston, Massachusetts (Northeastern US) with myriad impairments (e.g., mainstem impoundments, withdrawals, and urbanization) that is under increasing pressure from hydrologic alteration. We sampled fish, mussel, and macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Sudbury River and used species traits to investigate potential effects of past and future flow alteration on biota. Analysis of 33 years of stream gage data indicates continued hydrologic alteration of the Sudbury River, likely related to increased urbanization and water withdrawals over that time. These changes include a roughly 200% increase in rise rates of flows, an approximate 65% decrease in 1-day minimum flows, and a trend towards increasing high flow pulse counts. Biotic sampling in summer of 2014 demonstrated that the Sudbury River is now dominated by generalist species. Of five mussel species sampled, all are generalists in their habitat requirements. Though one mussel species of special concern was sampled, the most abundant species collected were the widespread Eastern elliptio (58%) and Eastern lampmussel (40%). We used the target fish community (TFC) model to assess the degree to which the fish assemblage deviated from that expected for a river with similar zoogeographic and physical features. Overall, the current community has a 22.7% similarity to the TFC. Of the four fluvial specialist species present in the TFC, only fallfish was sampled in our study. While the TFC showed that the historical assemblage was likely dominated by fluvial specialist and fluvial dependent species, the current assemblage is overwhelmingly dominated by macrohabitat generalists (90.6% of fishes sampled). These results are consistent with other studies that show shifts in assemblages from fluvial specialists to habitat generalists with hydrologic alteration. If the current trends continue, it is likely that biotic assemblages will experience increasing pressure from hydrologic alteration. While hydrologic alteration is likely impacting biotic assemblages in the Sudbury River, other factors such as high temperatures, low dissolved oxygen, high nutrients, low availability of high-quality habitat, and poor habitat connectivity may also be negatively impacting biotic assemblages. Comparisons to other rivers and a complete longitudinal habitat survey could help to identify availability of unique habitats and representativeness of this study. While this study suggests impacts of flow on biota, future studies with quantitative, habitat-specific sampling during different flow levels could help to directly identify links between hydrologic alteration and biotic impairment in the Sudbury River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Roy, A.H., Jane, S.F., Hazelton, P.D., Richards, T.A., Finn, J.T., and Randhir, T.O., 2016, Establishing links between streamflow and ecological integrity in the Sudbury River (Northeastern U.S.): Cooperator Science Series 122-2016, vi, 78 p.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p.","ipdsId":"IP-065793","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/document/id/2152/rec/19"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Sudbury River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.63497924804688,\n 42.13998671872691\n ],\n [\n -71.17767333984375,\n 42.13998671872691\n ],\n [\n -71.17767333984375,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -71.63497924804688,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -71.63497924804688,\n 42.13998671872691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bae4b0c2e071a99b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jane, Stephen F.","contributorId":191442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jane","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hazelton, Peter D.","contributorId":171765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hazelton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Todd A.","contributorId":52266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":43398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16720,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9485, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randhir, Timothy O.","contributorId":191443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randhir","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179488,"text":"70179488 - 2016 - Applying downscaled Global Climate Model data to a groundwater model of the Suwannee River Basin, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:32:46","indexId":"70179488","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":725,"text":"American Journal of Climate Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying downscaled Global Climate Model data to a groundwater model of the Suwannee River Basin, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The application of Global Climate Model (GCM) output to a hydrologic model allows for comparisons between simulated recent and future conditions and provides insight into the dynamics of hydrology as it may be affected by climate change. A previously developed numerical model of the Suwannee River Basin, Florida, USA, was modified and calibrated to represent transient conditions. A simulation of recent conditions was developed for the 372-month period 1970-2000 and was compared with a simulation of future conditions for a similar-length period 2039-2069, which uses downscaled GCM data. The MODFLOW groundwater-simulation code was used in both of these simulations, and two different MODFLOW boundary condition “packages” (River and Streamflow-Routing Packages) were used to represent interactions between surface-water and groundwater features.\nThe hydrologic fluxes between the atmosphere and landscape for the simulation of future conditions were developed from dynamically downscaled precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) data generated by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The downscaled precipitation data were interpolated for the Suwannee River model grid, and the downscaled ET data were used to develop potential ET and were interpolated to the grid. The fu¬ture period has higher simulated rainfall (10.8 percent) and ET (4.5 percent) than the recent period.\nThe higher future rainfall causes simulated groundwater levels to rise in areas where they are deep and have little ET in either the recent or future case. However, in areas where groundwater levels were originally near the surface, the greater future ET causes groundwater levels to become lower despite the higher projected rainfall. The general implication is that unsaturated zone depth could be more spatially uniform in the future and vegetation that requires a range of conditions (substantially wetter or drier than aver¬age) could be detrimentally affected. This vegetation would include wetland species, especially in areas inland from the coast.","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing","doi":"10.4236/ajcc.2016.54037","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Davis, J., 2016, Applying downscaled Global Climate Model data to a groundwater model of the Suwannee River Basin, Florida, USA: American Journal of Climate Change, v. 5, p. 526-557, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2016.54037.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"557","ipdsId":"IP-060930","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2016.54037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7CV4FVR","text":"MODFLOW datasets for simulations of groundwater flow with downscaled global climate model data for the Suwannee River Basin, Florida"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 29.046565622728846\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 30.642638258763263\n ],\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 30.642638258763263\n ],\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 29.046565622728846\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 29.046565622728846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1820e4b0f5ce109fcad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J. Hal","contributorId":53832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179473,"text":"70179473 - 2016 - Hydrologic connectivity: Quantitative assessments of hydrologic-enforced drainage structures in an elevation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T19:02:29","indexId":"70179473","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connectivity: Quantitative assessments of hydrologic-enforced drainage structures in an elevation model","docAbstract":"Elevation data derived from light detection and ranging present challenges for hydrologic modeling as the elevation surface includes bridge decks and elevated road features overlaying culvert drainage structures. In reality, water is carried through these structures; however, in the elevation surface these features impede modeled overland surface flow. Thus, a hydrologically-enforced elevation surface is needed for hydrodynamic modeling. In the Delaware River Basin, hydrologic-enforcement techniques were used to modify elevations to simulate how constructed drainage structures allow overland surface flow. By calculating residuals between unfilled and filled elevation surfaces, artificially pooled depressions that formed upstream of constructed drainage structure features were defined, and elevation values were adjusted by generating transects at the location of the drainage structures. An assessment of each hydrologically-enforced drainage structure was conducted using field-surveyed culvert and bridge coordinates obtained from numerous public agencies, but it was discovered the disparate drainage structure datasets were not comprehensive enough to assess all remotely located depressions in need of hydrologic-enforcement. Alternatively, orthoimagery was interpreted to define drainage structures near each depression, and these locations were used as reference points for a quantitative hydrologic-enforcement assessment. The orthoimagery-interpreted reference points resulted in a larger corresponding sample size than the assessment between hydrologic-enforced transects and field-surveyed data. This assessment demonstrates the viability of rules-based hydrologic-enforcement that is needed to achieve hydrologic connectivity, which is valuable for hydrodynamic models in sensitive coastal regions. Hydrologic-enforced elevation data are also essential for merging with topographic/bathymetric elevation data that extend over vulnerable urbanized areas and dynamic coastal regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI76-009","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., and Worstell, B.B., 2016, Hydrologic connectivity: Quantitative assessments of hydrologic-enforced drainage structures in an elevation model: Journal of Coastal Research, v. Special Issue 76, p. 90-106, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI76-009.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-059049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.2112/SI76-009","text":"External Repository"},{"id":332787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"Special Issue 76","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc690e4b0f5ce109fa943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179030,"text":"fs20163087 - 2016 - Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2016-17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:42:30","indexId":"fs20163087","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-19T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3087","title":"Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2016-17","docAbstract":"Ohio’s water resources support a complex web of human activities and nature—clean and abundant water is needed for drinking, recreation, farming, and industry, as well as for fish and wildlife needs. Although rainfall in normal years can support these activities and needs, occasional floods and droughts can disrupt streamflow, groundwater, water availability, water quality, recreation, and aquatic habitats. Ohio is bordered by the Ohio River and Lake Erie; it has over 44,000 miles of streams and more than 60,000 lakes and ponds (State of Ohio, 1994). Nearly all of the rural population obtains drinking water from groundwater sources.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works in cooperation with local, State, and other Federal agencies, as well as universities, to furnish decisionmakers, policy makers, USGS scientists, and the general public with reliable scientific information and tools to assist them in management, stewardship, and use of Ohio’s natural resources. The diversity of scientific expertise among USGS personnel enables them to carry out large- and small-scale multidisciplinary studies. The USGS is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority—its sole product is impartial, credible, relevant, and timely scientific information, equally accessible and available to everyone. The USGS Ohio Water Science Center provides reliable hydrologic and water-related ecological information to aid in the understanding of the use and management of the Nation’s water resources, in general, and Ohio’s water resources, in particular. This fact sheet provides an overview of current (2016) or recently completed USGS studies and data activities pertaining to water resources in Ohio. More information regarding projects of the USGS Ohio Water Science Center is available at http://oh.water.usgs.gov/.
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6460 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Phone (614) 430-7700
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/
Invasive species are a global issue, and the southeastern United States is not immune to the problems they present. Therefore, various analyses using modeling and exploratory statistics were performed on the U.S. Geological Survey Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database with the primary objective of determining the most appropriate use of presence-only data as related to invasive species in the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative (SALCC) region. A hierarchical model approach showed that a relatively small amount of high-quality data from planned surveys can be used to leverage the information in presence-only observations, having a broad spatial coverage and high biases of observer detection and in site selection. Because a variety of sampling protocols can be used in planned surveys, this approach to the analysis of presence-only data is widely applicable. An important part of the management of natural landscapes is the preservation of designated protected areas. When the hydrologic connection was considered in this analysis, the number of potential invaders that could spread to each protected area within the SALCC region was greatly increased, with a mean exceeding 30 species and the maximum reaching 57 species. Nearly all protected areas are hydrologically connected to at least 20 nonindigenous aquatic species. To examine possible factors which may contribute to nonindigenous aquatic species richness in the SALCC region, a set of exploratory statistics was employed. The best statistical model that included a combination of three anthropogenic variables (densities of housing, roads, and reservoirs) and two environmental variables (elevation range and longitude) explained approximately 62 percent of the variation in introduced species richness. Highest nonindigenous aquatic species richness occurred in the more upland, mountainous regions, where elevation range favored reservoirs and attracted urban centers. Lastly, patterns seen in a diffusion model may reflect less about the diffusion process of the organism and more about the opportunistic nature of the data collection process. These results of the model are considered exploratory in nature.
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7920 NW 71st Street
Gainesville, FL 32653
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is rapidly evolving as a tool for monitoring the distributions of aquatic species. Detection of species’ populations in streams may be challenging because the persistence time for intact DNA fragments is unknown and because eDNA is diluted and dispersed by dynamic hydrological processes. During 2015, the DNA of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis was analyzed from water samples collected at 40 streams across the Adirondack region of upstate New York, where Brook Trout populations were recently quantified. Study objectives were to evaluate different sampling methods and the ability of eDNA to accurately predict the presence and abundance of resident Brook Trout populations. Results from three-pass electrofishing surveys indicated that Brook Trout were absent from 10 sites and were present in low (<100 fish/0.1 ha), moderate (100–300 fish/0.1 ha), and high (>300 fish/0.1 ha) densities at 9, 11, and 10 sites, respectively. The eDNA results correctly predicted the presence and confirmed the absence of Brook Trout at 85.0–92.5% of the study sites; eDNA also explained 44% of the variability in Brook Trout population density and 24% of the variability in biomass. These findings indicate that eDNA surveys will enable researchers to effectively characterize the presence and abundance of Brook Trout and other species’ populations in headwater streams across the Adirondack region and elsewhere.
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A requirement for assessing streamflow modification in a given stream is a reliable estimate of flows expected in the absence of human influences. Although there are many techniques to predict streamflows in specific river basins, there is a lack of approaches for making predictions of natural conditions across large regions and over many decades. In this study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and Trout Unlimited, the primary objective was to develop empirical models that predict natural (that is, unaffected by land use or water management) monthly streamflows from 1950 to 2012 for all stream segments in California. Models were developed using measured streamflow data from the existing network of streams where daily flow monitoring occurs, but where the drainage basins have minimal human influences. Widely available data on monthly weather conditions and the physical attributes of river basins were used as predictor variables. Performance of regional-scale models was comparable to that of published mechanistic models for specific river basins, indicating the models can be reliably used to estimate natural monthly flows in most California streams. A second objective was to develop a model that predicts the likelihood that streams experience modified hydrology. New models were developed to predict modified streamflows at 558 streamflow monitoring sites in California where human activities affect the hydrology, using basin-scale geospatial indicators of land use and water management. Performance of these models was less reliable than that for the natural-flow models, but results indicate the models could be used to provide a simple screening tool for identifying, across the State of California, which streams may be experiencing anthropogenic flow modification.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Chief, National Water-Quality Assessment Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) performed tests to evaluate the hydrologic connection between the open interval of the well and the surrounding Calumet aquifer in response to fouling of extraction well pumps onsite. Two rounds of air slug testing were performed on seven monitoring wells and step drawdown and subsequent recovery tests on three extraction wells on a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in East Chicago, Indiana. The wells were tested in 2014 and again in 2015. The extraction and monitoring wells are part of the gradient control system that establishes an inward gradient around the perimeter of the facility. The testing established a set of protocols that site personnel can use to evaluate onsite well integrity and develop a maintenance procedure to evaluate future well performance.
The results of the slug test analysis data indicate that the hydraulic connection of the well screen to the surrounding aquifer material in monitoring wells on the CDF and the reliability of hydraulic conductivity estimates of the surrounding geologic media could be increased by implementing well development maintenance. Repeated air slug tests showed increasing hydraulic conductivity until, in the case of the monitoring wells located outside of the groundwater cutoff wall (MW–4B, MW–11B, MW–14B), the difference in hydraulic conductivity from test to test decreased, indicating the results were approaching the optimal hydraulic connection between the aquifer and the well screen. Hydraulic conductivity values derived from successive tests in monitoring well D40, approximately 0.25 mile south of the CDF, were substantially higher than those derived from wells on the CDF property. Also, values did not vary from test to test like those measured in monitoring wells located on the CDF property, which indicated that a process may be affecting the connectivity of the wells on the CDF property to the Calumet aquifer. Derived hydraulic conductivity values from the initial air slug test during the 2015 testing period for MW–11A and MW–14A are an order of magnitude less than those derived from the final test during the 2014 testing period indicating the development of a low conductivity skin between the final test of the 2014 testing period and the beginning of the 2015 testing period that created a decrease in the connection of the monitoring well screen to the surrounding aquifer material.
Repeated step drawdown and recovery testing of the extraction wells tested during this study provided results that indicate a slight increase in the development of a skin and a decrease in the connectivity of the extraction wells with the Calumet aquifer. Hydraulic conductivity values obtained from the test results were relatively similar in EW–4B and EW–14A but were substantially lower for EW–11C. This difference may be due to the presence of finer grained silt deposits in the area surrounding well nest 11. Skin factors calculated during the step drawdown and recovery analysis were lowest in EW–11C and relatively similar in EW–4B and EW–14A. Calculated skin factors increased slightly in the analysis of data collected in 2015 from that collected in 2014.
Comparisons of the specific-capacity values calculated from well development data collected following extraction well installation to those calculated during the single well aquifer tests at EW–4B, EW–14A and EW–11C indicate that the productivity of extraction wells on the CDF property has diminished since 2008. Values calculated for monitoring wells MW–4A, MW–11A, and MW–14A were used to evaluate the decrease in air slug derived hydraulic conductivity for monitoring wells within the groundwater cutoff wall between testing in 2014 and 2015.
Results from testing by this study indicate that implementation of an air slug testing regimen of the monitoring wells that control the gradient control system at the CDF throughout the course of a year may help sustain the connectivity between the monitoring wells and the surrounding aquifer and provide data to evaluate the need for different types of well development approaches to address chemical or biological fouling issues. Repeated step drawdown and recovery testing of the extraction wells tested during this study provided results that indicate a slight increase in the development of a skin and a decrease in the connectivity of the extraction wells with the Calumet aquifer. Implementation of a specific capacity testing regimen can provide data to record and track well condition through time for individual extraction wells. Results from aquifer testing by this study indicate that specific capacity test results, when paired with recovery testing, provide useful data to measure the development of any low conductivity wellbore skin through the skin factors derived for the individual extraction wells. An initial annual schedule of specific capacity and recovery tests would provide sufficient data to identify substantial short-term changes in the operating condition of the extraction wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lampe, D.C., and Unthank, M.D., 2016, Performance evaluation testing of wells in the gradient control system at a federally operated Confined Disposal Facility using single well aquifer tests, East Chicago, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5125, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165125.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 50 p.; Appendixes 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067101","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":331514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5125/sir20165125_appendix2-aq-test.zip","text":"Appendix 2","size":"8.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Aquifer Test Field Log Sheets and Graphs of Aquifer-Test Data with Fitted Analytical-Solution Lines"},{"id":331512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5125/sir20165125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5125"},{"id":331513,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5125/sir20165125_appendix1-slug-tests.zip","text":"Appendix 1 ","size":"8.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Air Slug Test Field Log Sheets and Graphs of Air Slug Test Data with Fitted Analytical-Solution Lines"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"East Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.533333,\n 41.716667\n ],\n [\n -87.533333,\n 41.583333\n ],\n [\n -87.366667,\n 41.583333\n ],\n [\n -87.366667,\n 41.716667\n ],\n [\n -87.533333,\n 41.716667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
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http://in.water.usgs.gov
Detection of slow or limited landslide movement within broad areas of forested terrain has long been problematic, particularly for the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) located along the Columbia River Gorge. Although parts of the landslide complex have been found reactivated in recent years, the timing and magnitude of motion have not been systematically monitored or interpreted. Here we apply novel time-series strategies to study the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the landslide movement between 2007 and 2011 using InSAR images from two overlapping L-band ALOS PALSAR-1 satellite tracks. Our results show that the reactivated part has moved approximately 700 mm downslope during the 4-year observation period, while other parts of the landslide complex have generally remained stable. However, we also detect about 300 mm of seasonal downslope creep in a terrain block upslope of the Cascade landslide complex—terrain previously thought to be stable. The temporal oscillation of the seasonal movement can be correlated with precipitation, implying that seasonal movement here is hydrology-driven. The seasonal movement also has a frequency similar to GPS-derived regional ground oscillations due to mass loading by stored rainfall and subsequent rebound but with much smaller magnitude, suggesting different hydrological loading effects. From the time-series amplitude information on terrain upslope of the headscarp, we also re-evaluate the incipient motion related to the 2008 Greenleaf Basin rock avalanche, not previously recognized by traditional SAR/InSAR methods. The approach used in this study can be used to identify active landslides in forested terrain, to track the seasonal movement of landslides, and to identify previously unknown landslide hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006","usgsCitation":"Hu, X., Wang, T., Pierson, T.C., Lu, Z., Kim, J., and Cecere, T., 2016, Detecting seasonal landslide movement within the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) using time-series SAR imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 187, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","ipdsId":"IP-076124","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Landslide Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 45.733333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.633333\n ],\n [\n -121.85,\n 45.633333\n ],\n [\n -121.85,\n 45.733333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.733333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"187","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f79e4b07e29c706dd2b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hu Xie, Wang Teng, Pierson Thomas C., Lu Zhong, Kim Jinwoo, Cecere Thomas H.","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"12/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Xie","contributorId":177306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Xie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Teng","contributorId":156235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Teng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":655268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, Jin-Woo","contributorId":69486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Jin-Woo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cecere, Thomas H.","contributorId":177312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cecere","given":"Thomas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178792,"text":"70178792 - 2016 - Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:22:14","indexId":"70178792","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","docAbstract":"Endogenous progestogens and pharmaceutical progestins enter the environment through wastewater treatment plant effluent and agricultural field runoff. Lab studies demonstrate strong, negative exposure effects of these chemicals on aquatic vertebrate reproduction. Behavior can be a sensitive, early indicator of exposure to environmental contaminants associated with altered reproduction yet is rarely examined in ecotoxicology studies. Gestodene is a human contraceptive progestin and a potent activator of fish androgen receptors. Our objective was to test the effects of gestodene on reproductive behavior and associated egg deposition in the fathead minnow. After only 1 day, males exposed to ng/L of gestodene were more aggressive and less interested in courtship and mating, and exposed females displayed less female courtship behavior. Interestingly, 25% of the gestodene tanks contained a female that drove the male out of the breeding tile and displayed male-typical courtship behaviors toward the other female. Gestodene decreased or arrested egg deposition with no observed gonadal histopathology. Together, these results suggest that effects on egg deposition are primarily due to altered reproductive behavior. The mechanisms by which gestodene disrupts behavior are unknown. Nonetheless, the rapid and profound alterations of the reproductive biology of gestodene-exposed fish suggest that wild populations could be similarly affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","usgsCitation":"Frankel, T.E., Meyer, M.T., Kolpin, D.W., Gillis, A.B., Alvarez, D., and Orlando, E.F., 2016, Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 11, p. 5991-5999, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00799.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5991","endPage":"5999","ipdsId":"IP-070808","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f7de4b07e29c706dd37","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Frankel Tyler E., Meyer Michael T., Kolpin Dana W., Gillis Amanda B., Alvarez David A., Orlando Edward F.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"6/7/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Tyler E.","contributorId":177293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frankel","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillis, Amanda B.","contributorId":177294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillis","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. dalvarez@usgs.gov","contributorId":139231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orlando, Edward F.","contributorId":177295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orlando","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178513,"text":"sir20165161 - 2016 - Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T13:54:06","indexId":"sir20165161","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-07T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5161","title":"Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2012–14","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collects groundwater data and conducts studies to monitor hydrologic conditions, better define groundwater resources, and address problems related to water supply, water use, and water quality. In Georgia, water levels were monitored continuously at 181 wells during calendar year 2012, 185 wells during calendar year 2013, and at 171 wells during calendar year 2014. Because of missing data or short periods of record (less than 3 years) for several of these wells, a total of 164 wells are discussed in this report. These wells include 17 in the surficial aquifer system, 18 in the Brunswick aquifer system and equivalent sediments, 68 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 15 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 11 in the Clayton aquifer, 16 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 6 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the well network indicate that water levels generally rose during the 2012 through 2014 calendar-year period, with water levels rising in 151 wells, declining in 12, and remained about the same in 1. Water levels declined over the long-term period of record at 94 wells, increased at 60 wells, and remained relatively constant at 10 wells.
In addition to continuous water-level data, periodic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in the following areas in Georgia: the Brunswick-Glynn County area during August 2012 and October 2014 and in the Albany-Dougherty County area during November 2012 and November 2014. Periodic water-level measurements were also collected and used to construct potentiometric surface maps for the Cretaceous aquifer system in the Augusta-Richmond County area during August 2012 and July 2014. In general, water levels in these areas were higher during 2014 than during 2012; however, the configuration of the potetiometric surface in each of the areas showed little change.
In the Brunswick area, maps showing chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer (constructed using data collected from 25 wells during August 2012 and from 32 wells during October 2014) indicate that chloride concentrations remained above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water standard in an approximately 2-square-mile area. During calendar years 2012 through 2014, chloride concentrations generally increased in over 90 percent of the wells sampled with a maximum increase of 410 milligrams per liter in a well located in the north-central part of the Brunswick area.
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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/