{"pageNumber":"98","pageRowStart":"2425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":70039752,"text":"ofr20121188 - 2012 - Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"ofr20121188","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1188","title":"Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"In May and June 2012, the Whitewater-Baldy Fire burned approximately 1,200 square kilometers (300,000 acres) of the Gila National Forest, in southwestern New Mexico. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from 128 basins burned by the Whitewater-Baldy Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed by using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain Western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows along the burned area drainage network and for selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of areal burned extent and severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall intensity to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire. In response to the 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, modeling indicated that four basins have high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence (greater than or equal to 80 percent). For the 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, an additional 14 basins are included, and for the 25-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, an additional eight basins, 20 percent of the total, have high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence. In addition, probability analysis along the stream segments can identify specific reaches of greatest concern for debris flows within a basin. Basins with a high probability of debris-flow occurrence were concentrated in the west and central parts of the burned area, including tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Mineral Creek, and Willow Creek. Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from about 3,000-4,000 cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>) to greater than 500,000 m<sup>3</sup> for all design storms modeled. Drainage basins with estimated volumes greater than 500,000 m<sup>3</sup> included tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Willow Creek, Iron Creek, and West Fork Mogollon Creek. Drainage basins with estimated debris-flow volumes greater than 100,000 m<sup>3</sup> for the 25-year-recurrence event, 24 percent of the basins modeled, also include tributaries to Deep Creek, Mineral Creek, Gilita Creek, West Fork Gila River, Mogollon Creek, and Turkey Creek, among others. Basins with the highest combined probability and volume relative hazard rankings for the 25-year-recurrence rainfall include tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Mineral Creek, Willow Creek, West Fork Gila River, West Fork Mogollon Creek, and Turkey Creek. Debris flows from Whitewater, Mineral, and Willow Creeks could affect the southwestern New Mexico communities of Glenwood, Alma, and Willow Creek. The maps presented herein may be used to prioritize areas where emergency erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year period of vulnerability following the Whitewater-Baldy Fire. This work is preliminary and is subject to revision. It is being provided because of the need for timely \"best science\" information. The assessment herein is provided on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Gila National Forest","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Matherne, A.M., and Verdin, K.L., 2012, Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1188, Report: iv, 11 p.; Plate 1: 32.92 inches x 21.34 inches, Plate 2: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, Plate 3: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121188.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Plate 1: 32.92 inches x 21.34 inches, Plate 2: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, Plate 3: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1188.gif"},{"id":259975,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259973,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259974,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system Zone 12 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Catron;Grant","otherGeospatial":"Gila National Forest;Mogollon Mountains;Whitewater Baldy","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.08333333333333,33.083333333333336 ], [ -109.08333333333333,33.583333333333336 ], [ -108.16666666666667,33.583333333333336 ], [ -108.16666666666667,33.083333333333336 ], [ -109.08333333333333,33.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a9fe4b0c8380cd523f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039748,"text":"ofr20121018 - 2012 - Depth of cinder deposits and water-storage capacity at Cinder Lake, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-29T01:01:53","indexId":"ofr20121018","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1018","title":"Depth of cinder deposits and water-storage capacity at Cinder Lake, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The 2010 Schultz fire northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, burned more than 15,000 acres on the east side of San Francisco Mountain from June 20 to July 3. As a result, several drainages in the burn area are now more susceptible to increased frequency and volume of runoff, and downstream areas are more susceptible to flooding. Resultant flooding in areas downgradient of the burn has resulted in extensive damage to private lands and residences, municipal water lines, and roads. Coconino County, which encompasses Flagstaff, has responded by deepening and expanding a system of roadside ditches to move flood water away from communities and into an area of open U.S. Forest Service lands, known as Cinder Lake, where rapid infiltration can occur. Water that has been recently channeled into the Cinder Lake area has infiltrated into the volcanic cinders and could eventually migrate to the deep regional groundwater-flow system that underlies the area. How much water can potentially be diverted into Cinder Lake is unknown, and Coconino County is interested in determining how much storage is available. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted geophysical surveys and drilled four boreholes to determine the depth of the cinder beds and their potential for water storage capacity. Results from the geophysical surveys and boreholes indicate that interbedded cinders and alluvial deposits are underlain by basalt at about 30 feet below land surface. An average total porosity for the upper 30 feet of deposits was calculated at 43 percent for an area of 300 acres surrounding the boreholes, which yields a total potential subsurface storage for Cinder Lake of about 4,000 acre-feet. Ongoing monitoring of storage change in the Cinder Lake area was initiated using a network of gravity stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Coconino County, Arizona, and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Amoroso, L., Kennedy, J., and Unema, J., 2012, Depth of cinder deposits and water-storage capacity at Cinder Lake, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1018, iv; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121018.","productDescription":"iv; 20 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012-1018.gif"},{"id":259961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259962,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1018/of2012-1018.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection Zone 11 North","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","city":"Flagstaff","otherGeospatial":"Cinder Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.66666666666667,35.25 ], [ -111.66666666666667,35.5 ], [ -111.33333333333333,35.5 ], [ -111.33333333333333,35.25 ], [ -111.66666666666667,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fed0e4b0c8380cd4ef42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amoroso, Lee lamoroso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"Lee","email":"lamoroso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeff","contributorId":76986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unema, Joel","contributorId":45171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unema","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039747,"text":"ofr20121142 - 2012 - Water-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:46:57","indexId":"ofr20121142","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1142","title":"Water-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2009-10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Upper Klamath Lake water-quality monitoring program collected data from multiparameter continuous water-quality monitors, weekly water-quality samples, and meteorological stations during 2009 and 2010 from May through November each year. The results of these measurements and sample analyses, as well as quality-control data for the water-quality samples, are presented in this report for 14 sites on Upper Klamath Lake and 2 sites on Agency Lake. These 2 years of data demonstrate a contrast in the seasonal bloom of the dominant cyanobacterium, <i>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</i>, that can be related to differences in the measured water quality and meteorological variables. Some of the significant findings from 2009 and 2010 are listed below. * Both 2009 and 2010 were characterized by two cyanobacteria blooms, but the blooms differed in timing and intensity. The first bloom in 2009 peaked in late June and at higher chlorophyll a concentrations at most sites than the first bloom in 2010, which peaked in mid-July. A major decline in the first 2009 bloom occurred in late July and was followed by a second bloom that peaked at most sites in mid-August and persisted through September. The decline of the weaker first bloom in 2010 occurred in early August and was followed by a more substantial second bloom that peaked between late August and early September at most sites. * Dissolved oxygen minima associated with bloom declines occurred approximately 2 weeks earlier in 2009 (mid-July) than in 2010 (early August). pH maxima associated with rapid bloom growth occurred in late June and again in mid-August in 2009 and in mid-July and late August in 2010. * In both years, the maxima for total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations coincided with the chlorophyll a maximum. The maxima for dissolved nutrient concentrations (orthophosphate, ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate) coincided with the declines of the first blooms. * Total particulate carbon, total particulate nitrogen, and total particulate phosphorus concentrations were measured in 2009 only. The ratios of carbon to phosphorus and nitrogen to phosphorus in particulates were the highest of the entire season during the rapid growth phase of the first bloom and were the lowest of the season during the decline of the first bloom. These ratios increased with the onset of the second bloom in that year, but to a lesser degree. * Meteorological data show that 2009 was warmer (particularly in June and July), less windy, and more humid early in the season than 2010. The difference in water temperatures reflected the difference in air temperatures in that the lakes were warmer in 2009 than in 2010 starting in early May, when the sensors were deployed, through most of June. Water temperature peaked at a higher value in 2009, and there were more clear days in June 2009 than in June 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Eldridge, D.B., Caldwell Eldridge, S.L., Schenk, L.N., Tanner, D.Q., and Wood, T.M., 2012, Water-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1142, Report: vi; 32 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121142.","productDescription":"Report: vi; 32 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"42","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012-1142.jpg"},{"id":350590,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1142/data/ofr20121142_appendixes.zip","text":"Appendixes","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":259959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1142/pdf/ofr20121142.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Agency Lake, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,42.083333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.083333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce15e4b08c986b32e1fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eldridge, D. Blake","contributorId":40466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldridge","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blake","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell Eldridge, Sara L. 0000-0001-8838-8940 seldridge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-8940","contributorId":64502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell Eldridge","given":"Sara","email":"seldridge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Liam N. 0000-0002-2491-0813 lschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-0813","contributorId":4273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Liam","email":"lschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039658,"text":"ofr20121134 - 2012 - Hydrologic data for an investigation of the Smith River Watershed through water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-22T01:01:58","indexId":"ofr20121134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1134","title":"Hydrologic data for an investigation of the Smith River Watershed through water year 2010","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data collected through water year 2010 and compiled as part of a U.S. Geological Survey study of the water resources of the Smith River watershed in west-central Montana are presented in this report. Tabulated data presented in this report were collected at 173 wells and 65 surface-water sites. Figures include location maps of data-collection sites and hydrographs of streamflow. Digital data files used to construct the figures, hydrographs, and data tables are included in the report. Data collected by the USGS are also stored in the USGS National Water Information System database and are available through the USGS National Water Information System Water Data for Montana Web page at <i>http://waterdata.usgs.gov/mt/nwis/</i>.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Meagher County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Nilges, H.L., and Caldwell, R.R., 2012, Hydrologic data for an investigation of the Smith River Watershed through water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1134, vii; 44 p.; README.TXT; Appendix 1-10 XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121134.","productDescription":"vii; 44 p.; README.TXT; Appendix 1-10 XLS","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1134.gif"},{"id":259746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259747,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1134/OF12-1134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Cascade;Meagher","city":"Fort Logan","otherGeospatial":"Smith River;Eagle Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,46 ], [ -112,47.5 ], [ -110.5,47.5 ], [ -110.5,46 ], [ -112,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35bfe4b0c8380cd60180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilges, Hannah L. hnilges@usgs.gov","contributorId":4678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilges","given":"Hannah","email":"hnilges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":466685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039659,"text":"ofr20121149 - 2012 - Water-quality and geophysical data for three study sites within the Williston Basin and Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-22T01:01:58","indexId":"ofr20121149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1149","title":"Water-quality and geophysical data for three study sites within the Williston Basin and Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"This report is a data release for water geochemical sample analyses and geophysical surveys for three sites within the Williston Basin and Prairie Pothole Region of Montana and North Dakota. The data collection sites and procedures are described.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121149","usgsCitation":"Preston, T.M., Smith, B.D., Thamke, J., and Chesley-Preston, T.L., 2012, Water-quality and geophysical data for three study sites within the Williston Basin and Prairie Pothole Region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1149, iv; 17 p.; Table 1-1 XLS; Table 1-2 XLS; Table 1-3 XLS; Table 1-4 XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121149.","productDescription":"iv; 17 p.; Table 1-1 XLS; Table 1-2 XLS; Table 1-3 XLS; Table 1-4 XLS","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1149.gif"},{"id":259749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1149/OF12-1149.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259748,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alberta;Iowa;Manitoba;Minnesota;Montana;North Dakota;Saskatchewan;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin;Bakken Formation;Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,40 ], [ -116,55 ], [ -89,55 ], [ -89,40 ], [ -116,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcd92e4b08c986b32e066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233 tmpreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":1664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"tmpreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chesley-Preston, Tara L. tchesley-preston@usgs.gov","contributorId":5557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley-Preston","given":"Tara","email":"tchesley-preston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039666,"text":"ofr20121167 - 2012 - Superposed epoch analysis and storm statistics from 25 years of the global geomagnetic disturbance index, USGS-Dst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-22T01:01:58","indexId":"ofr20121167","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1167","title":"Superposed epoch analysis and storm statistics from 25 years of the global geomagnetic disturbance index, USGS-Dst","docAbstract":"Statistics on geomagnetic storms with minima below -50 nanoTesla are compiled using a 25-year span of the 1-minute resolution disturbance index, U.S. Geological Survey Dst. A sudden commencement, main phase minimum, and time between the two has a magnitude of 35 nanoTesla, -100 nanoTesla, and 12 hours, respectively, at the 50th percentile level. The cumulative distribution functions for each of these features are presented. Correlation between sudden commencement magnitude and main phase magnitude is shown to be low. Small, medium, and large storm templates at the 33rd, 50th, and 90th percentile are presented and compared to real examples. In addition, the relative occurrence of rates of change in Dst are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121167","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., 2012, Superposed epoch analysis and storm statistics from 25 years of the global geomagnetic disturbance index, USGS-Dst: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1167, iv; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121167.","productDescription":"iv; 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1167.gif"},{"id":259757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259758,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1167/OF12-1167.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f5ae4b08c986b31e505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, J.L.","contributorId":78275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039651,"text":"ofr20111286 - 2012 - Simulated flow of groundwater and brine from a flooded salt mine in Livingston County, New York, and effects of remedial pumping on an overlying aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-21T01:02:01","indexId":"ofr20111286","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1286","title":"Simulated flow of groundwater and brine from a flooded salt mine in Livingston County, New York, and effects of remedial pumping on an overlying aquifer","docAbstract":"Two ceiling collapses in the Retsof salt mine near Geneseo in upstate New York in spring 1994 resulted in the upward propagation of two columns of rubble through 600 feet of overlying shale and carbonate bedrock. This upward propagation formed a hydraulic connection between the lower confined aquifer (LCA) and the mine and allowed water from the aquifer and bedrock fracture zones that intersected the rubble columns to flow into the mine at a rate of 18,000 gallons per minute (gal/min) . All salt mining ceased in September 1995, and the mine was completely flooded by January 1996. The flow of water from the lower confined aquifer into the mine caused widespread drawdowns, and water levels in the aquifer declined by as much as 400 feet near the collapse area and by more than 50 feet at wells 7 miles to the north and south. Within 3 to 4 weeks of the collapses, water levels in about a dozen domestic and industrial wells had declined severely, and some wells went dry. Water levels in at least 58 wells in the lower and middle confined aquifers were affected by mine flooding. Groundwater in the upper unconfined aquifer and surface water in streams were unaffected by water-level drawdown, but channels of the Genesee River and Beards Creek were altered by land subsidence related to the mine collapse. Water levels recovered from 1996 through 2006, but the mine is now filled with about 15 billion gallons of saturated halite brine. The weight of the overlying rock and sediment is expected to cause the salt beds to deform and fill the mine cavity during the next several hundred years; this in turn could displace as much as 80 percent of the brine and cause it to move upward through the rubble chimneys, rendering the LCA unusable as a source of water supply. Saline water was detected in the LCA in 2002 but was found to be derived primarily from fractures in the limestone and shale units between the mine and the LCA, rather than from the mine. In September 2006, the mine company began a brine-mitigation project that entailed pumping five wells finished in limestone and shale units within the collapse areas to alter the flow gradient and thereby prevent further movement of brine and saline water into the LCA. The pumped brine was routed to an onsite desalination plant. At the same time, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study in cooperation with the New York State Office of the Attorney General to construct numerical models to analyze the groundwater chemistry and delineate the directions of flow. Specific objectives of the study were to: * Assess the sources of salinity within the collapse area and identify the factors that control the movement and mixing of freshwater, saline waters from fracture zones, and brine; * Evaluate the likelihood that the pumping will induce anhydrite dissolution and lead to continued land subsidence; * Construct variable-density groundwater flow models to predict the effect of remedial pumping on salinity within the LCA; * Evaluate the effectiveness of remedial pumping in preventing the movement of saline water into the LCA; and * Predict the extent of brine migration 8 years after a hypothetical shutdown of all pumping in 2008. This report (1) summarizes the hydrogeologic setting and effects of mine flooding, (2) describes the geochemical and variable-density model simulations and their principal results, (3) discusses the implications of (a) continued pumping and desalination to protect the LCA and (b) a full shutdown of pumping after 2008, and (4) suggests further research that could lead to refinement of model predictions. Additional information may be found in Yager and others (2001 and 2009). These reports can be accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1611/ and http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1767/, respectively. A summary of simulation results can be accessed at http://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/Coram/seawat/seawat.html.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Office of the Attorney General","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Miller, T.S., Kappel, W.M., Misut, P.E., Langevin, C.D., Parkhurst, D.L., and deVries, M.P., 2012, Simulated flow of groundwater and brine from a flooded salt mine in Livingston County, New York, and effects of remedial pumping on an overlying aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1286, 15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111286.","productDescription":"15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1286.gif"},{"id":259738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259739,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1286/pdf/ofr2011-1286_yager_retsof_508_081712.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Livingston County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fabe4b08c986b319081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Misut, Paul E. 0000-0002-6502-5255 pemisut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5255","contributorId":1073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","email":"pemisut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"deVries, M. Peter pdevries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deVries","given":"M.","email":"pdevries@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":466677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039647,"text":"ofr20121180 - 2012 - Preliminary juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker investigations in Clear Lake, California--2011 pilot study summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-21T01:02:01","indexId":"ofr20121180","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1180","title":"Preliminary juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker investigations in Clear Lake, California--2011 pilot study summary","docAbstract":"Poor recruitment appears to limit the recovery of Lost River and shortnose sucker populations in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, but the cause is unknown. Adult suckers migrate up Willow Creek and its tributaries to spawn in some years, but low flow in Willow Creek may inhibit spawning migrations in other years. It is unclear whether spawning is successful, larvae survive, or juveniles persist to adulthood. Environmental variables associated with successful spawning or young-of-year survival have not been identified and early life history for these populations is poorly understood. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Ruby Pipeline L.L.C. Corporation (El Paso, Tex.) initiated a study in 2011 to better understand juvenile sucker life history in Clear Lake Reservoir, and to identify constraints in the early life history that may limit recruitment to the adult spawning populations. This is a report on the 2011 pilot study for this project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Rasmussen, J., 2012, Preliminary juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker investigations in Clear Lake, California--2011 pilot study summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1180, iv, 18 p.; ill.; map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121180.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.; ill.; map","startPage":"i","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1180.jpg"},{"id":259732,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1180/pdf/ofr20121180.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8866e4b0c8380cd7d8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Josh","contributorId":47634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039648,"text":"ofr20121115 - 2012 - Measurements of seepage losses and gains, East Maui Irrigation diversion system, Maui, Hawai&#699;i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-21T01:02:01","indexId":"ofr20121115","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-19T13:45:35","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1115","title":"Measurements of seepage losses and gains, East Maui Irrigation diversion system, Maui, Hawai&#699;i","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a field study from March to October 2011 to identify ditch characteristics and quantify seepage losses and gains in the East Maui Irrigation (EMI) diversion system, east Maui, Hawai&#699;i. The EMI diversion system begins at Makapipi Stream in the east and ends at M&#257;liko Gulch in the west. It consists of four primary ditches known as the Wailoa, New H&#257;m&#257;kua, Lowrie, and Ha&#699;ik&#363; Ditches. Additional ditches that connect to the four primary ditches include the Ko&#699;olau, Spreckels, Kauhikoa, Spreckels at P&#257;pa&#699;a&#699;ea, Manuel Luis, and Center Ditches. Ditch characteristics for about 63 miles of the EMI diversion system, excluding abandoned ditches and stream conveyances, were identified. About 46 miles (73 percent) of the surveyed diversion system are tunnels and 17 miles are open ditches&mdash;in which 11 miles are unlined, 3.5 miles are lined, and 2.5 miles are partially lined. The Wailoa, Kauhikoa, and Ha&#699;ik&#363; Ditches have greater than 96 percent of their total lengths as tunnels, whereas more than half of the Lowrie Ditch and Spreckels Ditch at P&#257;pa&#699;a&#699;ea are open ditches. About 70 percent of the total length of lined open ditches in the EMI diversion system is located along the Ko&#699;olau Ditch, whereas about 67 percent of the total length of unlined open ditches in the diversion system is located along the Lowrie Ditch. Less than 4 percent of the EMI diversion system is partially lined open ditches, and about half of the total partially lined open-ditch length is in the Spreckels Ditch. EMI regularly maintains and repairs the diversion system; therefore, ditch characteristics documented in this report are representative of conditions existing during the period of this study. Discharge measurements were made along 26 seepage-run measurement reaches that are a total of about 15 miles in length. The seepage-run measurement reaches represent 23 percent of the total length of ditches in the EMI diversion system. Discharge measurements were made along the measurement reaches during periods of stable ditch flow in the months of June, August, and September 2011. The discharge measurements indicate that Ko&#699;olau Ditch and Spreckels Ditch at P&#257;pa&#699;a&#699;ea generally had seepage losses, whereas Wailoa, Kauhikoa, and New H&#257;m&#257;kua Ditches had seepage gains within the measured reaches. The Manuel Luis, Center, Lowrie, and Ha&#699;ik&#363; Ditches had variable seepage losses and gains within the seepage-run measurement reaches. Open-ditch measurement reaches generally had seepage losses that ranged from 0.1 cubic feet per second per mile of ditch at the Lowrie Ditch to 3.0 cubic feet per second per mile at the Ko&#699;olau Ditch. Tunnel measurement reaches generally had seepage gains that ranged from 0.1 cubic feet per second per mile at the Manuel Luis Ditch to 5.2 cubic feet per second per mile at the Wailoa Ditch.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai&#699;i Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Cheng, C.L., 2012, Measurements of seepage losses and gains, East Maui Irrigation diversion system, Maui, Hawai&#699;i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1115, iv, 23 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259734,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1115/of2012-1115.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1115.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Maui","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5331e4b0c8380cd6c927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Chui Ling 0000-0003-2396-2571 ccheng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-2571","contributorId":3926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Chui","email":"ccheng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ling","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039629,"text":"ofr20121165 - 2012 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-18T01:01:45","indexId":"ofr20121165","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1165","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2011","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2011 to December 2011. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto's Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994. Following significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2011, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Hg, Ni, Se, and Zn, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In 2011, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site. Analyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 38-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2011), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2011 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although egg layers were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2011 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community's response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2012, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1165, vii, 108 p.; col. ill.; Appendices; XLSX Download of Appendices 1-11, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121165.","productDescription":"vii, 108 p.; col. ill.; Appendices; XLSX Download of Appendices 1-11","startPage":"i","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1165.gif"},{"id":259691,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1165/of2012-1165_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63f5e4b0c8380cd727b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039558,"text":"ofr20121153 - 2012 - Benthic community structure and composition in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-16T01:02:05","indexId":"ofr20121153","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1153","title":"Benthic community structure and composition in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida","docAbstract":"From April 20 through July 15, 2010, approximately 4.93 million barrels of crude oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico from the British Petroleum Macondo-1 well, representing the largest spill in U.S. waters. Baseline benthic community conditions were assessed from shoreline sediment samples collected from 56 stations within the swash zone (for example, sample depth ranged from 0 to 1.5 feet) along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline. These sites were selected because they had a high probability of being impacted by the oil. Cores collected at 24 stations contained no sediment infauna. Benthic community metrics varied greatly among the remaining stations. Mississippi stations had the highest mean abundances (38.9 &plusmn; 23.9 individuals per 32 square centimeters (cm<sup>2</sup>); range: 0 to 186), while Texas had the lowest abundances, 4.9 &plusmn; 3 individuals per 32 cm<sup>2</sup> (range: 0 to 25). Dominant phyla included Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, but proportional contributions of each group varied by State. Diversity indices Margalef's richness (d) and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H<i>'</i>) were highest at Louisiana and Mississippi stations (0.4 and 0.4, for both, respectively) and lowest at Texas (values for both indices were 0.1 &plusmn; 0.1). Evenness (J<i>'</i>) was low for all the States, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3, indicating a high degree of patchiness at these sites. Across stations within a State, average similarity ranged from 11.1 percent (Mississippi) to 41.1 percent (Louisiana). Low within-state similarity may be a consequence of differing habitat and physical environment conditions. Results provide necessary baseline information that will facilitate future comparisons with post-spill community metrics.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121153","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., and Strom, D.G., 2012, Benthic community structure and composition in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1153, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121153.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1153.JPG"},{"id":259611,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1153/ofr2012-1153.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Florida;Louisiana;Mississippi;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,24 ], [ -95.5,30.5 ], [ -81,30.5 ], [ -81,24 ], [ -95.5,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b5e4b0c8380cd4a882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":28938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, Douglas G.","contributorId":31490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039497,"text":"ofr20121146 - 2012 - Analytical resource assessment method for continuous (unconventional) oil and gas accumulations - The \"ACCESS\" Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-09T01:02:15","indexId":"ofr20121146","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1146","title":"Analytical resource assessment method for continuous (unconventional) oil and gas accumulations - The \"ACCESS\" Method","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) periodically assesses petroleum resources of areas within the United States and the world. The purpose of this report is to explain the development of an analytic probabilistic method and spreadsheet software system called Analytic Cell-Based Continuous Energy Spreadsheet System (ACCESS). The ACCESS method is based upon mathematical equations derived from probability theory. The ACCESS spreadsheet can be used to calculate estimates of the undeveloped oil, gas, and NGL (natural gas liquids) resources in a continuous-type assessment unit. An assessment unit is a mappable volume of rock in a total petroleum system. In this report, the geologic assessment model is defined first, the analytic probabilistic method is described second, and the spreadsheet ACCESS is described third. In this revised version of Open-File Report 00-044 , the text has been updated to reflect modifications that were made to the ACCESS program. Two versions of the program are added as appendixes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121146","collaboration":"Revised version of Open-File Report 00?044","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and revised by Charpentier, R.R., 2012, Analytical resource assessment method for continuous (unconventional) oil and gas accumulations - The \"ACCESS\" Method (Revised 2012 by Ronald R. Charpentier): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1146, iii, 32 p.; ACCESS Version 1 XLS; ACCESS Version 3 XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121146.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.; ACCESS Version 1 XLS; ACCESS Version 3 XLS","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1146.bmp"},{"id":259496,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1146/OF12-1146.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2012 by Ronald R. Charpentier","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb6de4b0c8380cd48dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"revised by Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":45948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"revised by Charpentier","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039485,"text":"ofr20121087 - 2012 - Seismic hazard of American Samoa and neighboring South Pacific Islands--methods, data, parameters, and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"ofr20121087","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1087","title":"Seismic hazard of American Samoa and neighboring South Pacific Islands--methods, data, parameters, and results","docAbstract":"American Samoa and the neighboring islands of the South Pacific lie near active tectonic-plate boundaries that host many large earthquakes which can result in strong earthquake shaking and tsunamis. To mitigate earthquake risks from future ground shaking, the Federal Emergency Management Agency requested that the U.S. Geological Survey prepare seismic hazard maps that can be applied in building-design criteria. This Open-File Report describes the data, methods, and parameters used to calculate the seismic shaking hazard as well as the output hazard maps, curves, and deaggregation (disaggregation) information needed for building design. Spectral acceleration hazard for 1 Hertz having a 2-percent probability of exceedance on a firm rock site condition (Vs30=760 meters per second) is 0.12 acceleration of gravity (1 second, 1 Hertz) and 0.32 acceleration of gravity (0.2 seconds, 5 Hertz) on American Samoa, 0.72 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 2.54 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on Tonga, 0.15 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 0.55 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on Fiji, and 0.89 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 2.77 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on the Vanuatu Islands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121087","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Harmsen, S., Rukstales, K.S., Mueller, C.S., McNamara, D.E., Luco, N., and Walling, M., 2012, Seismic hazard of American Samoa and neighboring South Pacific Islands--methods, data, parameters, and results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1087, v, 98 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121087.","productDescription":"v, 98 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1087.gif"},{"id":259474,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259475,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1087/OF12-1087.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"American Samoa","otherGeospatial":"South Pacific Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b1de4b08c986b3175e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walling, Melanie","contributorId":69831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039463,"text":"ofr20121161 - 2012 - Modeling of depth to base of Last Glacial Maximum and seafloor sediment thickness for the California State Waters Map Series, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-09T01:02:14","indexId":"ofr20121161","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1161","title":"Modeling of depth to base of Last Glacial Maximum and seafloor sediment thickness for the California State Waters Map Series, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California","docAbstract":"Models of the depth to the base of Last Glacial Maximum and sediment thickness over the base of Last Glacial Maximum for the eastern Santa Barbara Channel are a key part of the maps of shallow subsurface geology and structure for offshore Refugio to Hueneme Canyon, California, in the California State Waters Map Series. A satisfactory interpolation of the two datasets that accounted for regional geologic structure was developed using geographic information systems modeling and graphics software tools. Regional sediment volumes were determined from the model. Source data files suitable for geographic information systems mapping applications are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121161","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Phillips, E., Johnson, S.Y., and Sliter, R.W., 2012, Modeling of depth to base of Last Glacial Maximum and seafloor sediment thickness for the California State Waters Map Series, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1161, v, 16 p.; col. ill.; maps col.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121161.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.; col. ill.; maps col.; GIS Data","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1161.gif"},{"id":259476,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1161/of2012-1161.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.206232,34.027787 ], [ -120.206232,34.492447 ], [ -119.123028,34.492447 ], [ -119.123028,34.027787 ], [ -120.206232,34.027787 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c12e4b0c8380cd6f9eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":104289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039479,"text":"ofr20121005 - 2012 - Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes of Block Island Sound, offshore Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:38:57","indexId":"ofr20121005","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1005","title":"Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes of Block Island Sound, offshore Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Gridded multibeam bathymetry covers approximately 634 square kilometers of sea floor in Block Island Sound. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic surveys H12009, H12010, H12011, H12015, H12033, H12137, and H12139, these combined acoustic data and the sea-floor sediment sampling and photography stations subsequently occupied to verify them during U.S. Geological Survey cruise 2011-006-FA (1) show the composition and terrain of the seabed, (2) provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and (3) are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (for example, wind farms and fisheries) along the Rhode Island inner continental shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121005","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., McMullen, K., Blankenship, M., Glomb, K., Wright, D., and Smith, S.M., 2012, Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes of Block Island Sound, offshore Rhode Island (Originally posted August 7, 2012; Revised August 14, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1005, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121005.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1005.png"},{"id":259460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1005/title_page.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.85707056164075, 41.29306579994488], [-71.63818033053487, 41.319875770682074], [-71.47897925250379, 41.317252636854555], [-71.43304869352426, 41.32915960707146], [-71.42472924457134, 41.326253586262624], [-71.41208371430912, 41.29472936827318], [-71.43589202914978, 41.28004255127024], [-71.41951753413281, 41.257258898080906], [-71.39468455764082, 41.26437125542578], [-71.36822417734959, 41.21472539384666], [-71.54109062535701, 41.163411945658346], [-71.56347409018628, 41.18090313687912], [-71.56422469848413, 41.190866442723454], [-71.55257059186687, 41.21517396004508], [-71.57428359283057, 41.2320743824403], [-71.57531754525735, 41.240609189745484], [-71.58129567019802, 41.20579319166345], [-71.59016886193388, 41.19864952035066], [-71.58674741935778, 41.19500248815421], [-71.59364670191502, 41.19928869094178], [-71.61165627327718, 41.17360907248608], [-71.61663804406106, 41.15909614024025], [-71.61131788884654, 41.15029814504459], [-71.61960830739628, 41.1475534713296], [-71.63075619447125, 41.15569349679912], [-71.66733931124645, 41.15539271063851], [-71.66325989894415, 41.15437755734678], [-71.66824166972805, 41.154001574646124], [-71.6699711901511, 41.133303726974276], [-71.70856581437488, 41.11565133917781], [-71.73317388213377, 41.13841709170325], [-71.76297051116194, 41.145071985505176], [-71.85865810848247, 41.14576755350141], [-71.85794374135122, 41.23342792016257], [-71.86843365869987, 41.23378510372832], [-71.85784974567599, 41.23553342328643], [-71.85707056164075, 41.29306579994488]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.86843365869987, 41.11565133917781, -71.36822417734959, 41.330098277509755], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091972\"}","edition":"Originally posted August 7, 2012; Revised August 14, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8804e4b08c986b316782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. 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Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, M.A.","contributorId":59671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glomb, K.A.","contributorId":67996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glomb","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, D.B.","contributorId":88754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, S. 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,{"id":70039462,"text":"ofr20121091 - 2012 - Global prediction of continuous hydrocarbon accumulations in self-sourced reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"ofr20121091","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1091","title":"Global prediction of continuous hydrocarbon accumulations in self-sourced reservoirs","docAbstract":"This report was first presented as an abstract in poster format at the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) 2012 Annual Convention and Exhibition, April 22-25, Long Beach, Calif., as Search and Discovery Article no. 90142. Shale resource plays occur in predictable tectonic settings within similar orders of magnitude of eustatic events. A conceptual model for predicting the presence of resource-quality shales is essential for evaluating components of continuous petroleum systems. Basin geometry often distinguishes self-sourced resource plays from conventional plays. Intracratonic or intrashelf foreland basins at active margins are the predominant depositional settings among those explored for the development of self-sourced continuous accumulations, whereas source rocks associated with conventional accumulations typically were deposited in rifted passive margin settings (or other cratonic environments). Generally, the former are associated with the assembly of supercontinents, and the latter often resulted during or subsequent to the breakup of landmasses. Spreading rates, climate, and eustasy are influenced by these global tectonic events, such that deposition of self-sourced reservoirs occurred during periods characterized by rapid plate reconfiguration, predominantly greenhouse climate conditions, and in areas adjacent to extensive carbonate sedimentation. Combined tectonic histories, eustatic curves, and paleogeographic reconstructions may be useful in global predictions of organic-rich shale accumulations suitable for continuous resource development. Accumulation of marine organic material is attributed to upwellings that enhance productivity and oxygen-minimum bottom waters that prevent destruction of organic matter. The accumulation of potential self-sourced resources can be attributed to slow sedimentation rates in rapidly subsiding (incipient, flexural) foreland basins, while flooding of adjacent carbonate platforms and other cratonic highs occurred. In contrast, deposition of this resource type on rifted passive margins was likely the result of reactivation of long-lived cratonic features or salt tectonic regimes that created semi-confined basins. Commonly, loading by thick sections of clastic material, following thermal relaxation after plate collision or rift phases, advances kerogen maturation. With few exceptions, North American self-sourced reservoirs appear to be associated with calcitic seas and predominantly greenhouse or transitional (\"warm\" to \"cool\") global climatic conditions. Significant changes to the global carbon budget may also be a contributing factor in the stratigraphic distribution of continuous resource plays, requiring additional evaluation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121091","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J.D., 2012, Global prediction of continuous hydrocarbon accumulations in self-sourced reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1091, 4 Sheets: 61 x 37 inches; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121091.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 61 x 37 inches; maps (col.)","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1091.png"},{"id":259454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a295ae4b0c8380cd5a8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D. jeoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":3418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer","email":"jeoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039464,"text":"ofr20121164 - 2012 - The Cedars ultramafic mass, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T15:53:39","indexId":"ofr20121164","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1164","title":"The Cedars ultramafic mass, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Cedars ultramafic mass is a mantle fragment that consists of partially serpentinized spinel harzburgite and dunite. Compositional layering and a chromite lineation define a penetrative metamorphic foliation that almost certainly formed in the upper mantle. Although detailed petrofabric and mineral chemistry are presently lacking, it seems reasonable that the Cedars peridotite represents a slice of mantle tectonite that once formed the base of the Coast Range ophiolite, and not an abyssal peridotite tectonically emplaced within the Franciscan accretionary prism.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121164","usgsCitation":"Blake, M.C., Bailey, E., and Wentworth, C.M., 2012, The Cedars ultramafic mass, Sonoma County, California (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1164, iii, 13 p.; maps col.; Plate: 1 Sheet: 15 x 15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121164.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.; maps col.; Plate: 1 Sheet: 15 x 15 inches","startPage":"i","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121164.JPG"},{"id":259479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1164/of2012-1164_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","edition":"Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6c0e4b08c986b321271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Edgar H.","contributorId":55835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Edgar H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039473,"text":"ofr20121065 - 2012 - A multiple-point geostatistical method for characterizing uncertainty of subsurface alluvial units and its effects on flow and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"ofr20121065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1065","title":"A multiple-point geostatistical method for characterizing uncertainty of subsurface alluvial units and its effects on flow and transport","docAbstract":"This report provides a proof-of-concept to demonstrate the potential application of multiple-point geostatistics for characterizing geologic heterogeneity and its effect on flow and transport simulation. The study presented in this report is the result of collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Stanford University. This collaboration focused on improving the characterization of alluvial deposits by incorporating prior knowledge of geologic structure and estimating the uncertainty of the modeled geologic units. In this study, geologic heterogeneity of alluvial units is characterized as a set of stochastic realizations, and uncertainty is indicated by variability in the results of flow and transport simulations for this set of realizations. This approach is tested on a hypothetical geologic scenario developed using data from the alluvial deposits in Yucca Flat, Nevada. Yucca Flat was chosen as a data source for this test case because it includes both complex geologic and hydrologic characteristics and also contains a substantial amount of both surface and subsurface geologic data. Multiple-point geostatistics is used to model geologic heterogeneity in the subsurface. A three-dimensional (3D) model of spatial variability is developed by integrating alluvial units mapped at the surface with vertical drill-hole data. The SNESIM (Single Normal Equation Simulation) algorithm is used to represent geologic heterogeneity stochastically by generating 20 realizations, each of which represents an equally probable geologic scenario. A 3D numerical model is used to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport for each realization, producing a distribution of flow and transport responses to the geologic heterogeneity. From this distribution of flow and transport responses, the frequency of exceeding a given contaminant concentration threshold can be used as an indicator of uncertainty about the location of the contaminant plume boundary.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement Department of Energy Agreement DOE DE-AI52-07NA28100","usgsCitation":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., Phelps, G.A., and Boucher, A., 2012, A multiple-point geostatistical method for characterizing uncertainty of subsurface alluvial units and its effects on flow and transport: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1065, iii, 24 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121065.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1065.gif"},{"id":259458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1065/of2012-1065.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48fe4b0c8380cd46711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, C.","contributorId":87408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boucher, A.","contributorId":107974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039477,"text":"ofr20121004 - 2012 - Sea-floor geology in central Rhode Island Sound south of Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"ofr20121004","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1004","title":"Sea-floor geology in central Rhode Island Sound south of Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are working together to study the sea floor along the northeastern coast of the United States. NOAA collected multibeam-echosounder data during hydrographic survey H11995 in a 63-square-kilometer area in central Rhode Island Sound, south of Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island. The USGS collected sediment samples, bottom video, and still photographs from 27 stations in this study area to verify an interpretation of the bathymetric data. Collected data are used to map areas of scour depressions and erosional outliers, megaripples, boulders, and relatively undisturbed modern marine sediments. In general, much of the eastern part of the study area, a submerged segment of the Harbor Hill-Roanoke Point-Charlestown-Buzzards Bay moraine, is bouldery. Bottom photography shows boulders are generally encrusted with hydrozoans, algae, and anemone. Scour depressions, presumably formed by long-period storm waves, and erosional outliers of Holocene sediments dominate the western part of the study area and several large areas in the east. The scour depressions tend to have coarser grained sediment than intervening erosional outliers. The coarseness likely creates turbulence in the water over these areas, which prevents fine-grained sediment deposition. Several small areas of megaripples are visible in the bathymetry data in the west. Other sandy areas are typically rippled, with burrows, worm tubes, and starfish present.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121004","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S., Worley, C., Nadeau, M., and Van Hoy, M.V., 2012, Sea-floor geology in central Rhode Island Sound south of Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1004, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121004.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1004.png"},{"id":259459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Rhode Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.26580619466932, 41.297435949285784], [-71.19556111567424, 41.31782968189743], [-71.11867998082937, 41.335957444218685], [-71.11867998082937, 41.332558488783526], [-71.12709644190716, 41.31572556662802], [-71.12062224107808, 41.31410701642072], [-71.09553471286557, 41.29792151434809], [-71.24152794156043, 41.25389694871062], [-71.26580619466932, 41.297435949285784]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.26580619466932, 41.25389694871062, -71.09553471286557, 41.335957444218685], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091970\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8808e4b08c986b31679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K. Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S. D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nadeau, M.A.","contributorId":47901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Hoy, M. V.","contributorId":69406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hoy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039407,"text":"ofr20121163 - 2012 - Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-30T14:21:28.860509","indexId":"ofr20121163","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1163","title":"Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas","docAbstract":"The \"Stuart R. Stidolph Diatom Atlas\" is a comprehensive volume of diatom taxa identified and micrographed by Stuart R. Stidoph during the 1980s and 1990s. The samples were collected from marine coasts of various geographic regions within tropical and subtropical climates. The plates included within this report have never been published and are being published by the USGS as an online reference so that others may have access to this incredible collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121163","usgsCitation":"Stidolph, S., Sterrenburg, F., Smith, K., and Kraberg, A., 2012, Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1163, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121163.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259461,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1163.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c80e4b08c986b31d419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stidolph, S.R.","contributorId":41710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stidolph","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sterrenburg, F.A.S.","contributorId":63691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterrenburg","given":"F.A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, K. E. L. 0000-0002-7521-7875","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7521-7875","contributorId":87222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraberg, A.","contributorId":42103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraberg","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039421,"text":"ofr20121135 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-06T17:16:49","indexId":"ofr20121135","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1135","title":"Groundwater quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2010","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from eight production wells and eight private residential wells in the Genesee River Basin from September through December 2010 were analyzed to characterize the groundwater quality in the basin. Eight of the wells were completed in sand and gravel aquifers, and eight were finished in bedrock aquifers. Three of the 16 wells were sampled in the first Genesee River Basin study during 2005-2006. Water samples from the 2010 study were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents that included major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indicator bacteria. Results of the water-quality analyses are presented in tabular form for individual wells, and summary statistics for specific constituents are presented by aquifer type. The results are compared with Federal and New York State drinking-water standards, which typically are identical. The results indicate that groundwater generally is of acceptable quality, although concentrations of the following constituents exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards at each of the 16 wells sampled: color (one sample), sodium (three samples), sulfate (three samples), total dissolved solids (four samples), aluminum (one sample), arsenic (two samples), copper (one sample), iron (nine samples), manganese (eight samples), radon-222 (nine samples), and total coliform bacteria (six samples). Existing drinking-water standards for pH, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, gross alpha radioactivity, uranium, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and heterotrophic bacteria were not exceeded in any of the samples collected. None of the pesticides and VOCs analyzed exceeded existing drinking-water standards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reddy, J.E., 2012, Groundwater quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1135, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121135.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1135.gif"},{"id":259427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259428,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1135/pdf/ofr2012-1135_reddy_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Allegany;Cattaraugus;Genesee;Livingston;Monroe;Ontario;Orleans;Steuben;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Genesee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.25,42 ], [ -78.25,43.25 ], [ -77,43.25 ], [ -77,42 ], [ -78.25,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2db2e4b0c8380cd5bfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039412,"text":"ofr20121145 - 2012 - Waterbird nest monitoring program in San Francisco Bay (2005-10)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T14:47:24","indexId":"ofr20121145","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1145","title":"Waterbird nest monitoring program in San Francisco Bay (2005-10)","docAbstract":"<p>Historically, Forster’s Terns (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>), American Avocets (<i>Recurvirostra americana</i>), and Black-necked Stilts (<i>Himantopus mexicanus</i>) were uncommon residents of San Francisco Bay, California (Grinnell and others, 1918; Grinnell and Wythe, 1927; Sibley, 1952). Presently, however, avocets and stilts are the two most abundant breeding shorebirds in San Francisco Bay (Stenzel and others, 2002; Rintoul and others, 2003). More than 4,000 avocets and 1,000 stilts, roughly 20 percent of their San Francisco Bay wintering populations, breed within the estuary, making San Francisco Bay the largest breeding area for these species on the Pacific Coast (Stenzel and others, 2002; Rintoul and others, 2003). Forster’s Terns were first observed breeding in the San Francisco Bay in 1948 (110 nests); they had increased to over 4000 individuals by the 1980s (Sibley, 1952; Gill, 1977; Harvey and others, 1992; Carter and others, 1990) and were estimated at 2000–3000 for 1998–2002; (Strong and others, 2004).</p><p>It is hypothesized that the relatively large size of the current waterbird breeding populations is a result of the creation of artificial salt evaporation ponds from the 1930s through the 1950s (Gill, 1977; Goals Project, 1999). Until recently, these salt ponds and associated islands used by waterbirds for nesting have been managed relatively similarly and have supported large breeding waterbird populations. Recently, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project has implemented plans to convert 50–90 percent of the 15,000 acres of salt ponds in the South San Francisco Bay back to tidal marsh habitat. Therefore, there is concern that the Restoration Project, while benefiting other native species, could negatively influence local breeding populations of waterbirds that are reliant on salt pond habitats for both breeding and foraging. A primary goal of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is to maintain current breeding waterbird populations (South Bay Salt Pond Long-Term Restoration Project, 2004); thus, specific efforts are planned to ensure that the Restoration Project enhances the habitats of the remaining salt ponds for breeding waterbirds.</p><p>Here, we provide a summary of nesting ecology data for Forster’s Terns, American Avocets, and Black-necked Stilts, collected from 2005 to 2010 in the areas of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, including lands managed by the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and Eden Landing Ecological Reserve. These results provide baseline conditions for breeding waterbirds prior to implementation of most restoration actions and can be used to both guide future restoration actions as well as to determine the effect of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project on breeding waterbirds. It is imperative to continue to collect nesting waterbird data annually to assess the response of birds to the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121145","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., and Herzog, M., 2012, Waterbird nest monitoring program in San Francisco Bay (2005-10): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1145, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121145.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1145.jpg"},{"id":259424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1145/pdf/ofr20121145.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Eden Landing Ecological Reserve;South Bay Salt Pond","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,37.416666666666664 ], [ -122.25,37.666666666666664 ], [ -121.91666666666667,37.666666666666664 ], [ -121.91666666666667,37.416666666666664 ], [ -122.25,37.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf35e4b08c986b32e7a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039275,"text":"ofr20121127 - 2012 - Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:56:52","indexId":"ofr20121127","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1127","title":"Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"Assessments of contaminants in soil gas were conducted in two study areas at Fort Gordon, Georgia, in July and August of 2011 to supplement environmental contaminant data for previous studies at the 17th Street landfill. The two study areas include northern and eastern parts of the 17th Street landfill and the adjacent wooded areas to the north and east of the landfill. These study areas were chosen because of their close proximity to the surface water in Wilkerson Lake and McCoys Creek. A total of 48 soil-gas samplers were deployed for the July 28 to August 3, 2011, assessment in the eastern study area. The assessment mostly identified detections of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and gasoline- and diesel-range compounds, but also identified the presence of chlorinated solvents in six samplers, chloroform in three samplers, 2-methyl naphthalene in one sampler, and trimethylbenzene in one sampler. The TPH masses exceeded 0.02 microgram (&mu;g) in all 48 samplers and exceeded 0.9 &mu;g in 24 samplers. Undecane, one of the three diesel-range compounds used to calculate the combined mass for diesel-range compounds, was detected in 17 samplers and is the second most commonly detected compound in the eastern study area, exceeded only by the number of TPH detections. Six samplers had detections of toluene, but other gasoline compounds were detected with toluene in three of the samplers, including detections of ethylbenzene, meta- and para-xylene, and octane. All detections of chlorinated organic compounds had soil-gas masses equal to or less than 0.08 &mu;g, including three detections of trichloroethene, three detections of perchloroethene, three chloroform detections, one 1,4-dichlorobenzene detection, and one 1,1,2-trichloroethane detection. Three methylated compounds were detected in the eastern study area, but were detected at or below method detection levels. A total of 32 soil-gas samplers were deployed for the August 11&ndash;24, 2011, assessment in the northern study area. All samplers in the survey had detections of TPH, but only eight of the samplers had detections of TPH greater than 0.9 mg. Four samplers had TPH detections greater than 9 mg; the only other fuel-related compounds detected in these four samplers included toluene in three of the samplers and undecane in the fourth sampler. Three samplers deployed along the western margin of the northern landfill had detections of both diesel-and gasoline-related compounds; however, the diesel-related compounds were detected at or below method detection levels. Seven samplers in the northern study area had detections of chlorinated compounds, including three perchloroethene detections, three chloroform detections, and one 1,4-dichloro-benzene detection. One sampler on the western margin of the landfill had detections of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-tr-methylbenene below method detection levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Guimaraes, W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2012, Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1127, v, 41 p.; Tables; col. ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121127.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.; Tables; col. ill.; maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-28","temporalEnd":"2011-08-24","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1127.jpg"},{"id":259296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1127/pdf/USGS_ofr2012-1127_Falls.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee59e4b0c8380cd49cf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir G.","contributorId":10658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039285,"text":"ofr20121156 - 2012 - Model of whooping crane energetics as foundation for development of a method to assess potential take during migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:49:37","indexId":"ofr20121156","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1156","title":"Model of whooping crane energetics as foundation for development of a method to assess potential take during migration","docAbstract":"A whooping crane energetic model was developed as a component of a larger effort to ascertain potential take, as defined by the Endangered Species Act, of whooping cranes from proposed development of wind-energy infrastructure in the Great Plains of North America. The primary objectives of this energetic model were to (1) predict extra flight energy that whooping cranes may require to find suitable migration stopover sites if they are unable to use a primary site; and (2) express energy expended as additional time required to replenish lipid reserves used to fuel flight. The energetic model is based on three elements related to energy: expenditure of energy, intake of energy, and constraints to energy intake. The energetic model estimates each element and recognizes interactions among them. This framework will be most useful when integrated into a migration model that predicts incidence of avoidance of wind towers by whooping cranes and distances they might fly to find alternative stopover habitat. This report details work conducted in accordance with the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Quick Response Program funded in fiscal year 2011 and will serve as a final report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121156","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., and Selbo, S.M., 2012, Model of whooping crane energetics as foundation for development of a method to assess potential take during migration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1156, iv, 13 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121156.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1156/of12-1156.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb1e4b0c8380cd6f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selbo, Sarena M.","contributorId":85027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbo","given":"Sarena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039272,"text":"ofr20121159 - 2012 - Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania&mdash;preliminary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:18:59","indexId":"ofr20121159","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1159","title":"Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania&mdash;preliminary data","docAbstract":"Samples of natural gas were collected as part of a study of formation water chemistry in oil and gas reservoirs in the Appalachian Basin. Nineteen samples (plus two duplicates) were collected from 11 wells producing gas from Upper Devonian sandstones and the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania. The samples were collected from valves located between the wellhead and the gas-water separator. Analyses of the radon content of the gas indicated 222Rn (radon-222) activities ranging from 1 to 79 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) with an overall median of 37 pCi/L. The radon activities of the Upper Devonian sandstone samples overlap to a large degree with the activities of the Marcellus Shale samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121159","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., and Kraemer, T.F., 2012, Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania&mdash;preliminary data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1159, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121159.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1159/ofr2012-1159.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9446e4b0c8380cd812e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}