{"pageNumber":"980","pageRowStart":"24475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40811,"records":[{"id":79149,"text":"tm6A19 - 2006 - Documentation of the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) Package for modeling Unsaturated Flow Between the Land Surface and the Water Table with MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"tm6A19","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A19","title":"Documentation of the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) Package for modeling Unsaturated Flow Between the Land Surface and the Water Table with MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"Percolation of precipitation through unsaturated zones is important for recharge of ground water. Rain and snowmelt at land surface are partitioned into different pathways including runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, unsaturated-zone storage, and recharge. A new package for MODFLOW-2005 called the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) Package was developed to simulate water flow and storage in the unsaturated zone and to partition flow into evapotranspiration and recharge. The package also accounts for land surface runoff to streams and lakes.\r\n\r\nA kinematic wave approximation to Richards? equation is solved by the method of characteristics to simulate vertical unsaturated flow. The approach assumes that unsaturated flow occurs in response to gravity potential gradients only and ignores negative potential gradients; the approach further assumes uniform hydraulic properties in the unsaturated zone for each vertical column of model cells. The Brooks-Corey function is used to define the relation between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water content. Variables used by the UZF1 Package include initial and saturated water contents, saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, and an exponent in the Brooks-Corey function. Residual water content is calculated internally by the UZF1 Package on the basis of the difference between saturated water content and specific yield.\r\n\r\nThe UZF1 Package is a substitution for the Recharge and Evapotranspiration Packages of MODFLOW-2005. The UZF1 Package differs from the Recharge Package in that an infiltration rate is applied at land surface instead of a specified recharge rate directly to ground water. The applied infiltration rate is further limited by the saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity. The UZF1 Package differs from the Evapotranspiration Package in that evapotranspiration losses are first removed from the unsaturated zone above the evapotranspiration extinction depth, and if the demand is not met, water can be removed directly from ground water whenever the depth to ground water is less than the extinction depth. The UZF1 Package also differs from the Evapotranspiration Package in that water is discharged directly to land surface whenever the altitude of the water table exceeds land surface. Water that is discharged to land surface, as well as applied infiltration in excess of the saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, may be routed directly as inflow to specified streams or lakes if these packages are active; otherwise, this water is removed from the model.\r\n\r\nThe UZF1 Package was tested against the U.S. Geological Survey's Variably-Saturated Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Model for a vertical unsaturated flow problem that includes evapotranspiration losses. This report also includes an example in which MODFLOW-2005 with the UZF1 Package was used to simulate a realistic surface-water/ground-water flow problem that includes time and space variable infiltration, evapotranspiration, runoff, and ground-water discharge to land surface and to streams. Another simpler problem is presented so that the user may use the input files as templates for new problems and to verify proper code installation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6A19","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Prudic, D.E., and Regan, R.S., 2006, Documentation of the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) Package for modeling Unsaturated Flow Between the Land Surface and the Water Table with MODFLOW-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A19, 74 p.; 14 figs.; 8 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A19.","productDescription":"74 p.; 14 figs.; 8 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6a19/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68679c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regan, R. Steven 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":87237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79148,"text":"sir20055272 - 2006 - A tectonic model for the spatial occurrence of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits - applications to Central Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"sir20055272","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5272","title":"A tectonic model for the spatial occurrence of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits - applications to Central Europe","docAbstract":"A structural-tectonic model, which was developed to assess the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits and associated polymetallic vein systems for the Matra Mountains, Hungary, has been expanded here and applied to other parts of central Europe. The model explains how granitoid stocks are emplaced and hydrothermal fluids flow within local strain features (duplexes) within strike-slip fault systems that develop in continental crust above subducting plates. Areas of extension that lack shear at the corners and along the edges of the fault duplexes are structural traps for the granitoid stocks associated with porphyry copper deposits. By contrast, polymetallic vein deposits are emplaced where shear and extension are prevalent in the interior of the duplexes. This model was applied to the Late Cretaceous-age porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Banat-Timok-Srednogorie region of Romania-Serbia-Bulgaria and the middle Miocene-age deposits in Romania and Slovakia. In the first area, porphyry copper deposits are most commonly located at the corners, and occasionally along the edges, of strike-slip fault duplexes, and the few polymetallic vein deposits identified are located at interior sites of the duplexes. In the second area, the model accounts for the preferred sites of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and central Slovakian volcanic field (Slovakia).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055272","isbn":"141130960X","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., 2006, A tectonic model for the spatial occurrence of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits - applications to Central Europe: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5272, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055272.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5272.jpg"},{"id":8712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5bb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79154,"text":"fs20063104 - 2006 - Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"fs20063104","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3104","title":"Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND\r\n\r\nThe palila (Loxioides bailleui) is a member of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family of birds (Drepanidinae), which is renowned for the profusion of species - many with bizarre bills and specialized feeding habits - that radiated from a single ancestral type. Most of the 57 or so honeycreeper species are extinct, and the palila is endangered because of its high degree of dependence on the mamane tree (Sophora chrysophylla) (Figure 1) and its restricted distribution on the upper slopes of Mauna Kea (Figure 2). Three decades of research have revealed many important facts about palila, providing the foundation and impetus for conservation programs in the wild and captivity. Additionally, an ambitious public conservation campaign arose due to the land-use conflicts on Mauna Kea. Here we summarize progress in palila conservation biology and outline steps that might overcome the remaining major challenges to its recovery. We also highlight lessons learned from palila research that may help the recovery of other Hawaiian forest birds.\r\n\r\nPalila and two closely-related species on the tiny islands of Nihoa and Laysan are the last of the seed-eating honeycreeper species in the Hawaiian Islands. About a quarter of the honeycreeper species known from living and fossil specimens had finch-like bills suited mainly for eating seeds and fruits. Because of their dietary specialization, palila are vulnerable to changes in forest size and quality, as was also likely the case for extinct species of seed specialists. Palila and many other forest bird species were once distributed in dry, lowland forests. Fossil records indicate that palila also occurred in the lowlands of O`ahu and Kaua`i until human settlement of those islands. However, because lowland habitats have been highly modified by humans and because mamane occurs today primarily at high elevation, palila are the only native bird species found exclusively in dry, subalpine habitat (2000?2850 m). Similar to other feeding specialists, palila lay few eggs, raise few young each year, and take a relatively long time to complete the nesting cycle. Low rates of reproduction result in low rates of population growth and low potential for recovery from disturbances.\r\n\r\nLong-term studies of palila offer important insights into the conservation biology of all Hawaiian forest bird species, particularly feeding specialists like the palila. Palila face many challenges common to both generalist and specialist Hawaiian honeycreeper species. Habitat loss and degradation, as well as introduced avian diseases, have reduced their numbers and limited their distribution to a very small portion of their historic range. Introduced mammals prey on palila, while alien insects reduce caterpillars that are particularly important in the diet of nestlings. Securing legal protection and funding for palila restoration has been challenging. Understanding how the palila has avoided extinction can help managers plan its recovery, and better design recovery plans for species with different feeding strategies in other habitats.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063104","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3104, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063104.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3104.jpg"},{"id":8607,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biology.usgs.gov/pierc/Fact_Sheets/Palila.pdf","size":"1075","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6897e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79142,"text":"ofr20051193 - 2006 - Report of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Modeling Workshop, Pacific Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, March 22-23, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20051193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1193","title":"Report of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Modeling Workshop, Pacific Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, March 22-23, 2005","docAbstract":"A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Modeling Workshop was held to discuss the general topic of coastal modeling, defined broadly to include circulation, waves, sediment transport, water quality, ecology, sediment diagenesis, morphology change, and coastal evolution, on scales ranging from seconds and a few centimeters (individual ripples) to centuries (coastal evolution) and thousands of kilometers (tsunami propagation). The workshop was convened at the suggestion of CMG Program Management to improve communication among modelers and model users, assess modeling-related activities being conducted at the three centers (Florida Integrated Science Center, FISC; Pacific Marine Science Center; PMSC; and Woods Hole Science Center; WHSC), and develop goals, strategies, and plans for future modeling activities. The workshop represents a step toward developing a five-year strategic plan, and was timed to provide input for the FY06 prospectus. The workshop was held at the USGS Pacific Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz on March 22-23, 2005.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051193","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., 2006, Report of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Modeling Workshop, Pacific Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, March 22-23, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1193, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051193.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-03-22","temporalEnd":"2005-03-23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ae4b07f02db630906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79134,"text":"sir20065188 - 2006 - Annual trace-metal load estimates and flow-weighted concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc, in the Spokane River basin, Idaho and Washington, 1999-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T20:41:45.606501","indexId":"sir20065188","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5188","title":"Annual trace-metal load estimates and flow-weighted concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc, in the Spokane River basin, Idaho and Washington, 1999-2004","docAbstract":"<p class=\"indent\">Streamflow and trace-metal concentration data collected at 10 locations in the Spokane River basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington during 1999-2004 were used as input for the U.S. Geological Survey software, LOADEST, to estimate annual loads and mean flow-weighted concentrations of total and dissolved cadmium, lead, and zinc.</p><p class=\"indent\">Cadmium composed less than 1 percent of the total metal load at all stations; lead constituted from 6 to 42 percent of the total load at stations upstream from Coeur d’Alene Lake and from 2 to 4 percent at stations downstream of the lake. Zinc composed more than 90 percent of the total metal load at 6 of the 10 stations examined in this study.</p><p class=\"indent\">Trace-metal loads were lowest at the station on Pine Creek below Amy Gulch, where the mean annual total cadmium load for 1999–2004 was 39 kilograms per year (kg/yr), the mean estimated total lead load was about 1,700 kg/yr, and the mean annual total zinc load was 14,000 kg/yr. The trace-metal loads at stations on North Fork Coeur d’Alene River at Enaville, Ninemile Creek, and Canyon Creek also were relatively low.</p><p class=\"indent\">Trace-metal loads were highest at the station at Coeur d’Alene River near Harrison. The mean annual total cadmium load was 3,400 kg/yr, the mean total lead load was 240,000 kg/yr, and the mean total zinc load was 510,000 kg/yr for 1999–2004. Trace-metal loads at the station at South Fork Coeur d’Alene River near Pinehurst and the three stations on the Spokane River downstream of Coeur d’Alene Lake also were relatively high. Differences in metal loads, particularly lead, between stations upstream and downstream of Coeur d’Alene Lake likely are due to trapping and retention of metals in lakebed sediments.</p><p class=\"indent\">LOADEST software was used to estimate loads for water years 1999–2001 for many of the same sites discussed in this report. Overall, results from this study and those from a previous study are in good agreement. Observed differences between the two studies are attributable to streamflow differences in the two regression models, 1999–2001 and 1999-2004.</p><p class=\"indent\">Flow-weighted concentrations (FWCs) calculated from the estimated loads for 1999–2004 were examined to aid interpretation of metal load estimates, which were influenced by large spatial and temporal variations in streamflow. FWCs of total cadmium ranged from 0.04 micrograms per liter (µg/L) at Enaville to 14 µg/L at Ninemile Creek. Total lead FWCs were lowest at Long Lake (1.3 µg/L) and highest at Ninemile Creek (120 µg/L). Elevated total lead FWCs at Harrison confirmed that the high total lead loads at this station were not simply due to higher streamflow. Conversely, relatively low total lead loads combined with high total lead FWCs at Ninemile and Canyon Creeks reflected low streamflow but high concentrations of total lead. Very low total lead FWCs (1.3 to 2.7 µg/L) at the stations downstream of Coeur d’Alene Lake are a result both of deposition of lead-laden sediments in the lake and dilution by additional streamflow. Total zinc FWCs also demonstrated the effect of streamflow on load calculations, and highlighted source areas for zinc in the basin. Total zinc FWCs at Canyon and Ninemile Creeks, 1,600 µg/L and 2,200 µg/L, respectively, were by far the highest in the basin but contributed among the lowest total zinc loads due to their relatively low streamflow. Total zinc FWCs ranged from 38 to 67 µg/L at stations downstream of Coeur d’Alene Lake, but total zinc load estimates at these stations were relatively high because of high mean streamflow compared to other stations in the basin.</p><p class=\"indent\">Long-term regression models for 1991 to 2003 or 2004 were developed and annual trace-metal loads and FWCs were estimated for Pinehurst, Enaville, Harrison, and Post Falls to better understand the variability of metal loading with time. Long-term load estimates are similar to the results for 1999‑2004 in terms of spatial distribution of metal loads throughout the basin.</p><p class=\"indent\">LOADEST results for 1991-2004 indicated that statistically significant downward temporal trends for dissolved and total cadmium, dissolved zinc, and total lead were occurring at Pinehurst, Enaville, Harrison, and Post Falls. Additionally, data for Enaville and Post Falls showed significant downward trends for dissolved lead and total zinc loads; Harrison total zinc loads also decreased with time. The Mann-Kendall trend test results agreed with the LOADEST trend results in most cases, but gave contradictory results for total zinc at Pinehurst and at Post Falls.</p><p class=\"indent\">Long- and short-term load and flow-weighted concentration estimates yielded valuable information about metal storage and transport processes, and demonstrated that water quality data are a great aid in understanding these processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065188","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 2006, Annual trace-metal load estimates and flow-weighted concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc, in the Spokane River basin, Idaho and Washington, 1999-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5188, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065188.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"44","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77639.htm"},{"id":8580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Spokane River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118,\n              47.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6667,\n              47.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6667,\n              47.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              47.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              47.3333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184329,"text":"70184329 - 2006 - Investigating the role of gas bubble formation and entrapment in contaminated aquifers: Reactive transport modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T14:13:33","indexId":"70184329","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the role of gas bubble formation and entrapment in contaminated aquifers: Reactive transport modelling","docAbstract":"<p><span>In many natural and contaminated aquifers, geochemical processes result in the production or consumption of dissolved gases. In cases where methanogenesis or denitrification occurs, the production of gases may result in the formation and growth of gas bubbles below the water table. Near the water table, entrapment of atmospheric gases during water table rise may provide a significant source of O</span><sub>2</sub><span> to waters otherwise depleted in O</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Furthermore, the presence of bubbles will affect the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer, resulting in changes to the groundwater flow regime. The interactions between physical transport, biogeochemical processes, and gas bubble formation, entrapment and release is complex and requires suitable analysis tools. The objective of the present work is the development of a numerical model capable of quantitatively assessing these processes. The multicomponent reactive transport code MIN3P has been enhanced to simulate bubble growth and contraction due to in-situ gas production or consumption, bubble entrapment due to water table rise and subsequent re-equilibration of the bubble with ambient groundwater, and permeability changes due to trapped gas phase saturation. The resulting formulation allows for the investigation of complex geochemical systems where microbially mediated redox reactions both produce and consume gases as well as affect solution chemistry, alkalinity, and pH. The enhanced model has been used to simulate processes in a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated aquifer where methanogenesis is an important redox process. The simulations are constrained by data from a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN. Our results suggest that permeability reduction in the methanogenic zone due to in-situ formation of gas bubbles, and dissolution of entrapped atmospheric bubbles near the water table, both work to attenuate the dissolved gas plume emanating from the source zone. Furthermore, the simulations demonstrate that under the given conditions more than 50% of all produced CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> partitions to the gas phase or is aerobically oxidised near the water table, suggesting that these processes should be accounted for when assessing the rate and extent of methanogenic degradation of hydrocarbons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.04.008","usgsCitation":"Amos, R.T., and Mayer, K.U., 2006, Investigating the role of gas bubble formation and entrapment in contaminated aquifers: Reactive transport modelling: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 123-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.04.008.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fbe4b014cc3a3ba50f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, K. Ulrich","contributorId":151069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ulrich","affiliations":[{"id":18176,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70258652,"text":"70258652 - 2006 - Stability of Landsat-4 thematic mapper outgassing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T16:45:13.759759","indexId":"70258652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-08T11:41:12","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stability of Landsat-4 thematic mapper outgassing models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oscillations in radiometric gains of the short wave infrared (SWIR) bands in Landsat-4 (L4) and Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TMs) are observed through an analysis of detector responses to the Internal Calibrator (IC) pulses. The oscillations are believed to be caused by an interference effect due to a contaminant film buildup on the window of the cryogenically cooled dewar that houses these detectors. This process of contamination, referred to as outgassing effects, has been well characterized using an optical thin-film model that relates detector responses to the accumulated film thickness and its growth rate. The current models for L4 TM are based on average detector responses to the second brightest IC lamp and have been derived from three data sets acquired during different times throughout the instrument's lifetime. Unlike in L5 TM outgassing characterization, it was found that the L4 TM responses to all three IC lamps can be used to provide accurate characterization and correction for outgassing effects. The analysis of single detector responses revealed an up to five percent difference in the estimated oscillating periods and also indicated a gradual variation of contaminant growth rate over the focal plane.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"SPIE Optics + Photonics, 2006: Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"August 13-17, 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.683264","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., and Chander, G., 2006, Stability of Landsat-4 thematic mapper outgassing models, SPIE Optics + Photonics, 2006: Earth Observing Systems XI, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, August 13-17, 2006, 62960E, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683264.","productDescription":"62960E, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79119,"text":"ofr20061059 - 2006 - Geologic interpretation and multibeam bathymetry of the sea floor in southeastern Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:29:35","indexId":"ofr20061059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1059","title":"Geologic interpretation and multibeam bathymetry of the sea floor in southeastern Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Digital terrain models (DTMs) produced from multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetric data provide valuable base maps for marine geological interpretations (e.g. Todd and others, 1999; Mosher and Thomson, 2002; ten Brink and others, 2004; Poppe and others, 2006a,b). These maps help define the geological variability of the sea floor (one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity); improve our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments, the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and provide a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities.\r\n\r\nThe bathymetric survey interpreted herein (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) survey H11255) covers roughly 95 km? of sea floor in southeastern Long Island Sound (fig. 1). This bathymetry has been examined in relation to seismic reflection data collected concurrently, as well as archived seismic profiles acquired as part of a long-standing geologic mapping partnership between the State of Connecticut and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The objective of this work was to use these geophysical data sets to interpret geomorphological attributes of the sea floor in terms of the Quaternary geologic history and modern sedimentary processes within Long Island Sound. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061059","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Doran, E.F., Moser, M.S., Stewart, H.F., Forfinski, N.A., Gardner, U.L., and Keene, J., 2006, Geologic interpretation and multibeam bathymetry of the sea floor in southeastern Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1059, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061059.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8560,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.74393444399993, 41.09364291900016], 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\"3091878\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":41539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, Marc S.","contributorId":67180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, Helen F.","contributorId":6960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forfinski, Nicholas A.","contributorId":105816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forfinski","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gardner, Uther L.","contributorId":49886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Uther","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keene, Jennifer A.","contributorId":24456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keene","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":79112,"text":"ofr20061256 - 2006 - Science for maintaining riverine ecosystems: Actions for the USGS identified in the workshop \"Analysis of Flow and Habitat for Aquatic Communities\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-21T11:58:25","indexId":"ofr20061256","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1256","displayTitle":"Science for Managing Riverine Ecosystems: Actions for the USGS Identified in the Workshop \"Analysis of Flow and Habitat for Instream Aquatic Communities\"","title":"Science for maintaining riverine ecosystems: Actions for the USGS identified in the workshop \"Analysis of Flow and Habitat for Aquatic Communities\"","docAbstract":"<p>Federal and state agencies need improved scientific analysis to support riverine ecosystem management. The ability of the USGS to integrate geologic, hydrologic, chemical, geographic, and biological data into new tools and models provides unparalleled opportunities to translate the best riverine science into useful approaches and usable information to address issues faced by river managers. In addition to this capability to provide integrated science, the USGS has a long history of providing long-term and nationwide information about natural resources. The USGS is now in a position to advance its ability to provide the scientific support for the management of riverine ecosystems. To address this need, the USGS held a listening session in Fort Collins, Colorado in April 2006. Goals of the workshop were to: 1) learn about the key resource issues facing DOI, other Federal, and state resource management agencies; 2) discuss new approaches and information needs for addressing these issues; and 3) outline a strategy for the USGS role in supporting riverine ecosystem management. Workshop discussions focused on key components of a USGS strategy: Communications, Synthesis, and Research. The workshop identified 3 priority actions the USGS can initiate now to advance its capabilities to support integrated science for resource managers in partner government agencies and non-governmental organizations: 1) Synthesize the existing science of riverine ecosystem processes to produce broadly applicable conceptual models, 2) Enhance selected ongoing instream flow projects with complementary interdisciplinary studies, and 3) Design a long-term, watershed-scale research program that will substantively reinvent riverine ecosystem science. In addition, topical discussion groups on hydrology, geomorphology, aquatic habitat and populations, and socio-economic analysis and negotiation identified eleven important complementary actions required to advance the state of the science and to develop the tools for supporting decisions on riverine ecosystem management. These eleven actions lie within the continuum of Communications, Synthesis, and Research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061256","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Hamilton, D.B., and Petersen, J.H., 2006, Science for maintaining riverine ecosystems: Actions for the USGS identified in the workshop \"Analysis of Flow and Habitat for Aquatic Communities\": U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1256, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061256.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8549,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":320137,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1256/pdf/OFR-2006-1256.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f791f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79111,"text":"ofr20061234 - 2006 - Seaside, Oregon tsunami pilot study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T14:09:04.579682","indexId":"ofr20061234","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1234","title":"Seaside, Oregon tsunami pilot study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps","docAbstract":"FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) guidelines do not currently exist for conducting and incorporating tsunami hazard assessments that reflect the substantial advances in tsunami research achieved in the last two decades; this conclusion is the result of two FEMA-sponsored workshops and the associated Tsunami Focused Study. Therefore, as part of FEMA's Map Modernization Program, a Tsunami Pilot Study was carried out in the Seaside/Gearhart, Oregon, area to develop an improved Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) methodology and to provide recommendations for improved tsunami hazard assessment guidelines. The Seaside area was chosen because it is typical of many coastal communities in the section of the Pacific Coast from Cape Mendocino to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and because State Agencies and local stakeholders expressed considerable interest in mapping the tsunami threat to this area. The study was an interagency effort by FEMA, U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in collaboration with the University of Southern California, Middle East Technical University. Portland State University, Horning Geosciences, Northwest Hydraulics Consultants, and the Oregon Department of Geological and Mineral Industries. Draft copies and a briefing on the contents, results and recommendations of this document were provided to FEMA officials before final publication.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061234","usgsCitation":"Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group, 2006, Seaside, Oregon tsunami pilot study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1234, Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 58.00 × 28.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061234.","productDescription":"Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 58.00 × 28.00 inches","numberOfPages":"161","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8548,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1234/of2006-1234_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8547,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110671,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77641.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"77641"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Seaside","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1510009765625,\n              45.90147732739488\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.804931640625,\n              45.90147732739488\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.804931640625,\n              46.25869538678214\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1510009765625,\n              46.25869538678214\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1510009765625,\n              45.90147732739488\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group","contributorId":128092,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group","id":534809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179523,"text":"70179523 - 2006 - Survival estimates of migrant juvenile Salmonids through Bonneville Dam using radio telemetry, 2004 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:37:55","indexId":"70179523","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Survival estimates of migrant juvenile Salmonids through Bonneville Dam using radio telemetry, 2004 ","docAbstract":"<p>During 2004, the USGS evaluated the survival of radio-tagged yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead trout through the ice and trash sluiceway and the minimum gap runner (MGR) turbine unit at Bonneville Dam’s powerhouse 1. Survival was estimated using paired release-recapture models with paired releases made directly into these passage routes and in the tailrace of Bonneville Dam. For the evaluations of survival through the MGR two separate control release locations were used; one location was directly downstream of the front roll below the turbine unit and the other release location was further downstream of the powerhouse 2 juvenile bypass outfall. During spring and summer releases of radio-tagged fish into the MGR and the ice and trash sluiceway, powerhouse 1 was not continuously operated due to a policy that prioritized the passage of water through powerhouse 2. Because of this policy, powerhouse 1 was only operated sporadically for short time intervals before and after the releases of radiotagged fish associated with this study. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T.D., Hardiman, J., Walker, C., Puls, A., and Holmberg , G., 2006, Survival estimates of migrant juvenile Salmonids through Bonneville Dam using radio telemetry, 2004 , xxix., 175 p. .","productDescription":"xxix., 175 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.salmonrecovery.gov/Files/Comprehensive%20Evaluation/Counihan-%20etal_2006_BON-2004-Spr-Sum-Survival.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, The Dalles Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.32315063476562,\n              45.57271635803083\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35198974609375,\n              45.57560020947802\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35336303710938,\n              45.545793269880924\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34100341796875,\n              45.53040285599187\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09518432617186,\n              45.55156358906749\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83563232421875,\n              45.655328041141374\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76010131835938,\n              45.678360745353004\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40304565429688,\n              45.68123916702059\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24099731445311,\n              45.636126881422804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16134643554686,\n              45.58521197809398\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.625563438215984\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0308837890625,\n              45.63900747494936\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06796264648436,\n              45.6716438522655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16409301757814,\n              45.63228585970125\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.21490478515625,\n              45.691792112909965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31790161132811,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47445678710936,\n              45.73781803408217\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7120361328125,\n              45.7387765043515\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9317626953125,\n              45.69562905418698\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              45.6178796835697\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29843139648436,\n              45.56887099240433\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32315063476562,\n              45.57271635803083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1833e4b0f5ce109fcb31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardiman, Jill","contributorId":177936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Chris","contributorId":177932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puls, Amy","contributorId":177933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puls","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmberg , Glen","contributorId":177934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmberg ","given":"Glen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70242027,"text":"70242027 - 2006 - Geodetic observations of post-seismic transients in the context of the earthquake deformation cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T16:44:28.700014","indexId":"70242027","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T11:33:37","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1304,"text":"Comptes Rendus - Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic observations of post-seismic transients in the context of the earthquake deformation cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite geodetic techniques that can measure displacements with millimeter-level accuracy reveal transient signals in the deformation fields produced by both moderate and large earthquakes. These post-seismic signals exhibit characteristic time scales ranging from weeks to decades and distance scales from hundreds of meters to hundreds of kilometers. By considering them in the context of the earthquake deformation cycle, we can test hypotheses about the processes driving them and constrain the rheology of the lithosphere. We discuss three broad categories of mechanism: afterslip in the plane of the co-seismic rupture (analogous to a rubber eraser), fluid flow in the fault zone (analogous to a water-laden sponge), and ductile flow in a weak substrate (analogous to a pot of honey).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.crte.2006.06.006","usgsCitation":"Feigl, K.L., and Thatcher, W.R., 2006, Geodetic observations of post-seismic transients in the context of the earthquake deformation cycle: Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, v. 338, no. 14-15, p. 1012-1028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2006.06.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1012","endPage":"1028","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/geoscience/articles/10.1016/j.crte.2006.06.006/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":415178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"338","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feigl, Kurt L.","contributorId":147758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feigl","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179537,"text":"70179537 - 2006 - Range expansion of an exotic Siberian prawn to the Lower Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:13:58","indexId":"70179537","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion of an exotic Siberian prawn to the Lower Snake River","docAbstract":"<p><span>The introduction of non-native plant and animal species in aquatic systems is of increasing concern because of their potentially negative ecological and economic impacts (Sytsma et al. 2004). There are many examples of food web repercussions resulting from non-native invertebrate introductions. For example, in Flathead Lake, Montana, the kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population crashed after the introduction of a planktivorous mysid, My-sis relicta caused restructuring of the zooplankton community (Spencer et al. 1991) and the introduc-tion of the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes spp.) to the Great Lakes also restructured zooplankton communities (Barbiero and Tuchman 2004). The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has nearly extirpated some native unionid clams through competition for food and shell fouling (Strayer 1999). In San Francisco Bay, California, one of the most highly invaded estuaries in the world (Cohen and Carlton 1998), the benthic fauna has been highly modified by the introduction of hundreds of exotic invertebrates including the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis. Non-native invertebrate species, including the New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) and an-other Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, have also been introduced to the Columbia River (Sytsma et al. 2004), but the ecological effects to Columbia River species are largely unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Science ","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., Baxter, R.D., and Tiffan, K.F., 2006, Range expansion of an exotic Siberian prawn to the Lower Snake River: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 4, p. 311-316.","productDescription":"6 p. 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,{"id":70161549,"text":"70161549 - 2006 - Comment on \"Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T13:04:15","indexId":"70161549","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance\"","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bascompte&nbsp;</span><i>et al</i><span>. (Reports, 21 April 2006, p. 431) used network asymmetries to explain mathematical conditions necessary for stability in historic models of mutualism. The Lotka-Volterra equations they used artificially created conditions in which some factor, such as asymmetric interaction strengths, is necessary for community coexistence. We show that a more realistic model incorporating nonlinear functional responses requires no such condition and is consistent with their data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1129547","usgsCitation":"Holland, J.N., Okuyama, T., and DeAngelis, D., 2006, Comment on \"Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance\": Science, v. 313, no. 5795, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129547.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1887","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"313","issue":"5795","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73ee4b0e7a44bc0f141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, J. Nathaniel","contributorId":49912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okuyama, Toshinori","contributorId":151776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okuyama","given":"Toshinori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":586800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161470,"text":"70161470 - 2006 - A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T12:58:57","indexId":"70161470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simulation models that describe autonomous individual organisms (individual based models, IBM) or agents (agent-based models, ABM) have become a widely used tool, not only in ecology, but also in many other disciplines dealing with complex systems made up of autonomous entities. However, there is no standard protocol for describing such simulation models, which can make them difficult to understand and to duplicate. This paper presents a proposed standard protocol, ODD, for describing IBMs and ABMs, developed and tested by 28 modellers who cover a wide range of fields within ecology. This protocol consists of three blocks (Overview, Design concepts, and Details), which are subdivided into seven elements: Purpose, State variables and scales, Process overview and scheduling, Design concepts, Initialization, Input, and Submodels. We explain which aspects of a model should be described in each element, and we present an example to illustrate the protocol in use. In addition, 19 examples are available in an Online Appendix. We consider ODD as a first step for establishing a more detailed common format of the description of IBMs and ABMs. Once initiated, the protocol will hopefully evolve as it becomes used by a sufficiently large proportion of modellers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023","usgsCitation":"Grimm, V., Berger, U., Bastiansen, F., Eliassen, S., Ginot, V., Giske, J., Goss-Custard, J., Grand, T., Heinz, S.K., Huse, G., Huth, A., Jepsen, J.U., Jorgensen, C., Mooij, W.M., Muller, B., Pe’er, G., Piou, C., Railsback, S.F., Robbins, A.M., Robbins, M.M., Rossmanith, E., Ruger, N., Strand, E., Souissi, S., Stillman, R.A., Vabo, R., Visser, U., and DeAngelis, D., 2006, A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models: Ecological Modelling, v. 198, no. 1-2, p. 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73be4b0e7a44bc0f12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimm, Volker","contributorId":89656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"Volker","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Uta","contributorId":59552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Uta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bastiansen, Finn","contributorId":151645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastiansen","given":"Finn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eliassen, Sigrunn","contributorId":151646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eliassen","given":"Sigrunn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ginot, Vincent","contributorId":151647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ginot","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giske, Jarl","contributorId":18498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giske","given":"Jarl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goss-Custard, John","contributorId":151648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goss-Custard","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grand, Tamara","contributorId":151649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grand","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heinz, Simone K.","contributorId":151650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinz","given":"Simone","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huse, Geir","contributorId":151651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huse","given":"Geir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Huth, Andreas","contributorId":151652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huth","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jepsen, Jane U.","contributorId":151653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jepsen","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jorgensen, Christian","contributorId":151654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Muller, Birgit","contributorId":100161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Birgit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pe’er, Guy","contributorId":151655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pe’er","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Piou, Cyril","contributorId":151656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piou","given":"Cyril","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Railsback, Steven F.","contributorId":147528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16859,"text":"Lang, Railsback, and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":586444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Robbins, Andrew M.","contributorId":151657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Robbins, Martha M.","contributorId":76599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Rossmanith, Eva","contributorId":151658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossmanith","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Ruger, Nadja","contributorId":151659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruger","given":"Nadja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Strand, Espen","contributorId":91280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"Espen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Souissi, Sami","contributorId":151660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souissi","given":"Sami","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Stillman, Richard A.","contributorId":151661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stillman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Vabo, Rune","contributorId":151662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vabo","given":"Rune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Visser, Ute","contributorId":151663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Visser","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":586453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":586454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":79098,"text":"sir20065074 - 2006 - Methodology to evaluate the effect of sorption in the unsaturated zone on the storage of nitrate and other ions and their transport across the water table, southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:30:39","indexId":"sir20065074","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5074","title":"Methodology to evaluate the effect of sorption in the unsaturated zone on the storage of nitrate and other ions and their transport across the water table, southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"A new field-based approach for determining sorption in the unsaturated zone and its effect on the storage of ions and their transport in recharge to ground water has been demonstrated for a small agricultural watershed in the Coastal Plain of southern New Jersey. Moisture-content and chemical-concentration data obtained from unsaturated-zone-core and shallow-ground-water samples were used to estimate the mass flux of chemical constituents across the water table, as well as sorption coefficients (Kd). The selectivity order of the Kd values for cations is consistent with the expected selectivity order: for example, Na+ > Mg++ > Ca++ for sands. Although calculated sorption coefficients, as expected, were greater for cations than for anions, sorption had a substantial effect on the transport of anions through the unsaturated zone; in particular, average Kd values for NO3- were 0.22 liters per milligram for sands and 0.62 liters per milligram for finer grained sediments. The unsaturated zone in the study area is a large reservoir for nitrogen. Models that do not account for sorption are likely to result in unrealistic predictions of contaminant transport rate and provide overly optimistic expectations for natural cleansing in this watershed and those in other similar hydrogeologic settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065074","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., and Baehr, A.L., 2006, Methodology to evaluate the effect of sorption in the unsaturated zone on the storage of nitrate and other ions and their transport across the water table, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5074, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065074.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.981689453125,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.322265625,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.552978515625,\n              39.46164364205549\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.12451171875,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.915771484375,\n              39.172658670429946\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03662109375,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.90478515625,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.46533203125,\n              39.342794408952365\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.091796875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.981689453125,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79100,"text":"sir20055049 - 2006 - Hydraulic and solute-transport properties and simulated advective transport of contaminated ground water in a fractured-rock aquifer at the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-23T22:07:50.229414","indexId":"sir20055049","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5049","title":"Hydraulic and solute-transport properties and simulated advective transport of contaminated ground water in a fractured-rock aquifer at the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2003","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compounds, predominantly trichloroethylene and its degradation products, have been detected in ground water at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, New Jersey. An air-stripping pump-and-treat system has been in operation at the NAWC since 1998. An existing ground-water-flow model was used to evaluate the effect of a change in the configuration of the network of recovery wells in the pump-and-treat system on flow paths of contaminated ground water.\r\n\r\nThe NAWC is underlain by a fractured-rock aquifer composed of dipping layers of sedimentary rocks of the Lockatong and Stockton Formations. Hydraulic and solute-transport properties of the part of the aquifer composed of the Lockatong Formation were measured using aquifer tests and tracer tests. The heterogeneity of the rocks causes a wide range of values of each parameter measured. Transmissivity ranges from 95 to 1,300 feet squared per day; the storage coefficient ranges from 9 x 10-5 to 5 x 10-3; and the effective porosity ranges from 0.0003 to 0.002.\r\n\r\nThe average linear velocity of contaminated ground water was determined for ambient conditions (when no wells at the site are pumped) using an existing ground-water-flow model, particle-tracking techniques, and the porosity values determined in this study. The average linear velocity of flow paths beginning at each contaminated well and ending at the streams where the flow paths terminate ranges from 0.08 to 130 feet per day. As a result of a change in the pump-and-treat system (adding a 165-foot-deep well pumped at 5 gallons per minute and reducing the pumping rate at a nearby 41-foot-deep well by the same amount), water in the vicinity of three 100- to 165-foot-deep wells flows to the deep well rather than the shallower well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055049","usgsCitation":"Lewis-Brown, J.C., Carleton, G.B., and Imbrigiotta, T., 2006, Hydraulic and solute-transport properties and simulated advective transport of contaminated ground water in a fractured-rock aquifer at the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5049, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055049.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462158,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77630.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.915771484375,\n              40.1095880747414\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.61090087890625,\n              40.1095880747414\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.61090087890625,\n              40.271143686084194\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.915771484375,\n              40.271143686084194\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.915771484375,\n              40.1095880747414\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis-Brown, Jean C.","contributorId":46991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis-Brown","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79099,"text":"sir20065122 - 2006 - A conceptual model of ground-water flow in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity with implications for contaminant transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20065122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5122","title":"A conceptual model of ground-water flow in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity with implications for contaminant transport","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow in the west-central part of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer is described in a conceptual model that will be used in numerical simulations to evaluate contaminant transport at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and vicinity. The model encompasses an area of 1,940 square miles (mi2) and includes most of the 890 mi2 of the INL. A 50-year history of waste disposal associated with research activities at the INL has resulted in measurable concentrations of waste contaminants in the aquifer. A thorough understanding of the fate and movement of these contaminants in the subsurface is needed by the U.S. Department of Energy to minimize the effect that contaminated ground water may have on the region and to plan effectively for remediation.\r\n\r\nThree hydrogeologic units were used to represent the complex stratigraphy of the aquifer in the model area. Collectively, these hydrogeologic units include at least 65 basalt-flow groups, 5 andesite-flow groups, and 61 sedimentary interbeds. Three rhyolite domes in the model area extend deep enough to penetrate the aquifer. The rhyolite domes are represented in the conceptual model as low permeability, vertical pluglike masses, and are not included as part of the three primary hydrogeologic units. Broad differences in lithology and large variations in hydraulic properties allowed the heterogeneous, anisotropic basalt-flow groups, andesite-flow groups, and sedimentary interbeds to be grouped into three hydrogeologic units that are conceptually homogeneous and anisotropic. Younger rocks, primarily thin, densely fractured basalt, compose hydrogeologic unit 1; younger rocks, primarily of massive, less densely fractured basalt, compose hydrogeologic unit 2; and intermediate-age rocks, primarily of slightly-to-moderately altered, fractured basalt, compose hydrogeologic unit 3. Differences in hydraulic properties among adjacent hydrogeologic units result in much of the large-scale heterogeneity and anisotropy of the aquifer in the model area, and differences in horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity in individual hydrogeologic units result in much of the small-scale heterogeneity and anisotropy of the aquifer in the model area.\r\n\r\nThe inferred three-dimensional geometry of the aquifer in the model area is very irregular. Its thickness generally increases from north to south and from west to east and is greatest south of the INL. The interpreted distribution of older rocks that underlie the aquifer indicates large changes in saturated thickness across the model area.\r\n\r\nThe boundaries of the model include physical and artificial boundaries, and ground-water flows across the boundaries may be temporally constant or variable and spatially uniform or nonuniform. Physical boundaries include the water-table boundary, base of the aquifer, and northwest mountain-front boundary. Artificial boundaries include the northeast boundary, southeast-flowline boundary, and southwest boundary. Water flows into the model area as (1) underflow (1,225 cubic feet per second (ft3/s)) from the regional aquifer (northeast boundary-constant and nonuniform), (2) underflow (695 ft3/s) from the tributary valleys and mountain fronts (northwest boundary-constant and nonuniform), (3) precipitation recharge (70 ft3/s) (constant and uniform), streamflow-infiltration recharge (95 ft3/s) (variable and nonuniform), wastewater return flows (6 ft3/s) (variable and nonuniform), and irrigation-infiltration recharge (24 ft3/s) (variable and nonuniform) across the water table (water-table boundary-variable and nonuniform), and (4) upward flow across the base of the aquifer (44 ft3/s) (uniform and constant). The southeast-flowline boundary is represented as a no-flow boundary. Water flows out of the model area as underflow (2,037 ft3/s) to the regional aquifer (southwest boundary-variable and nonuniform) and as ground-water withdrawals (45 ft3/s) (water table boundary-variable and nonuniform).\r\n\r\nGround-water flow i","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065122","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., Rattray, G.W., Rousseau, J.P., Davis, L.C., and Orr, B.R., 2006, A conceptual model of ground-water flow in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity with implications for contaminant transport: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5122, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065122.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,44.5 ], [ -112,44.5 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Daniel J.","contributorId":9286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orr, Brennon R.","contributorId":18747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Brennon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79095,"text":"sir20065089 - 2006 - Estimated flood-inundation mapping for the Lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:24:32.411936","indexId":"sir20065089","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5089","title":"Estimated flood-inundation mapping for the Lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Kansas City, Missouri, began a study in 2003 of the lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, from Gregory Boulevard to the mouth at the Missouri River to determine the estimated extent of flood inundation in the Blue River valley from flooding on the lower Blue River and from Missouri River backwater. Much of the lower Blue River flood plain is covered by industrial development. Rapid development in the upper end of the watershed has increased the volume of runoff, and thus the discharge of flood events for the Blue River. Modifications to the channel of the Blue River began in late 1983 in response to the need for flood control. By 2004, the channel had been widened and straightened from the mouth to immediately downstream from Blue Parkway to convey a 30-year flood.\r\n\r\nA two-dimensional depth-averaged flow model was used to simulate flooding within a 2-mile study reach of the Blue River between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway. Hydraulic simulation of the study reach provided information for the design and performance of proposed hydraulic structures and channel improvements and for the production of estimated flood-inundation maps and maps representing an areal distribution of water velocity, both magnitude and direction.\r\n\r\nFlood profiles of the Blue River were developed between Gregory Boulevard and 63rd Street from stage elevations calculated from high water marks from the flood of May 19, 2004; between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway from two-dimensional hydraulic modeling conducted for this study; and between Blue Parkway and the mouth from an existing one-dimensional hydraulic model by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Twelve inundation maps were produced at 2-foot intervals for Blue Parkway stage elevations from 750 to 772 feet. Each map is associated with National Weather Service flood-peak forecast locations at 63rd Street, Blue Parkway, Stadium Drive, U.S. Highway 40, 12th Street, and the Missouri River at the Hannibal railroad bridge in Kansas City. The National Weather Service issues peak-stage forecasts for these locations during times of flooding. Missouri River backwater inundation profiles were developed using interpolated Missouri River stage elevations at the mouth of the Blue River. Twelve backwater-inundation maps were produced at 2-foot intervals for the mouth of the Blue River from 730.9 to 752.9.\r\n\r\nTo provide public access to the information presented in this report, a World Wide Web site (http://mo.water.usgs.gov/indep/kelly/blueriver/index.htm) was created that displays the results of two-dimensional modeling between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway, estimated flood-inundation maps, estimated backwater-inundation maps, and the latest gage heights and National Weather Service stage forecast for each forecast location within the study area. In addition, the full text of this report, all tables, and all plates are available for download at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2006-5089.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20065089","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., and Rydlund, P.H., 2006, Estimated flood-inundation mapping for the Lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5089, Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065089.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414390,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77609.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5089/appendix-index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Kansas City","otherGeospatial":"Lower Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.5375,\n              39.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5375,\n              38.9917\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4567,\n              38.9917\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4567,\n              39.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5375,\n              39.1333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db6809d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":78918,"text":"ofr20061165 - 2006 - Preliminary surficial geologic map database of the Amboy 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20061165","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1165","title":"Preliminary surficial geologic map database of the Amboy 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map database of the Amboy 30x60 minute quadrangle presents characteristics of surficial materials for an area approximately 5,000 km2 in the eastern Mojave Desert of California. This map consists of new surficial mapping conducted between 2000 and 2005, as well as compilations of previous surficial mapping. Surficial geology units are mapped and described based on depositional process and age categories that reflect the mode of deposition, pedogenic effects occurring post-deposition, and, where appropriate, the lithologic nature of the material.\r\n\r\nThe physical properties recorded in the database focus on those that drive hydrologic, biologic, and physical processes such as particle size distribution (PSD) and bulk density. This version of the database is distributed with point data representing locations of samples for both laboratory determined physical properties and semi-quantitative field-based information. Future publications will include the field and laboratory data as well as maps of distributed physical properties across the landscape tied to physical process models where appropriate.\r\n\r\nThe database is distributed in three parts: documentation, spatial map-based data, and printable map graphics of the database. Documentation includes this file, which provides a discussion of the surficial geology and describes the format and content of the map data, a database 'readme' file, which describes the database contents, and FGDC metadata for the spatial map information. Spatial data are distributed as Arc/Info coverage in ESRI interchange (e00) format, or as tabular data in the form of DBF3-file (.DBF) file formats. Map graphics files are distributed as Postscript and Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and are appropriate for representing a view of the spatial database at the mapped scale. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061165","usgsCitation":"Bedford, D., Miller, D., and Phelps, G., 2006, Preliminary surficial geologic map database of the Amboy 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1165, v, 28 p.; 1 map sheet, 60 x 29 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061165.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; 1 map sheet, 60 x 29 in.","numberOfPages":"33","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110669,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77605.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"77605"},{"id":192876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1165/of06-1165_1a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1165/of06-1165_3.zip"},{"id":8514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1165/of06-1165_1d.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"UTM Zone 11 NAD 27","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,34.5 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -115,34.5 ], [ -116,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":78917,"text":"ofr20061238 - 2006 - Geologic map of the Kings Mountain and Grover quadrangles, Cleveland and Gaston Counties, North Carolina, and Cherokee and York Counties, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20061238","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1238","title":"Geologic map of the Kings Mountain and Grover quadrangles, Cleveland and Gaston Counties, North Carolina, and Cherokee and York Counties, South Carolina","docAbstract":"This geologic map of the Kings Mountain and Grover 7.5-minute quadrangles, N.C.-S.C., straddles a regional geological boundary between the Inner Piedmont and Carolina terranes. The Kings Mountain sequence (informal name) on the western flank of the Carolina terrane in this area includes the Neoproterozoic Battleground and Blacksburg Formations. The Battleground Formation has a lower part consisting of metavolcanic rocks and interlayered schist, and an upper part consisting of quartz-sericite phyllite and schist interlayered with quartz-pebble metaconglomerate, aluminous quartzite, micaceous quartzite, manganiferous rock, and metavolcanic rocks. The Blacksburg Formation consists of phyllitic metasiltstone interlayered with thinner units of marble, laminated micaceous quartzite, hornblende gneiss, and amphibolite. Layered metamorphic rocks of the Inner Piedmont terrane include muscovite-biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, and amphibolite. The Kings Mountain sequence has been intruded by metatonalite and metatrondhjemite (Neoproterozoic), metadiorite and metagabbro (Paleozoic), and High Shoals Granite (Pennsylvanian). Layered metamorphic rocks of the Inner Piedmont in this area have been intruded by Toluca Granite (Ordovician?), Cherryville Granite and associated pegmatite (Mississippian), and spodumene pegmatite (Mississippian). Diabase dikes (early Jurassic) are locally present throughout the area. Ductile fault zones of regional scale include the Kings Mountain and Kings Creek shear zones. In this area, the Kings Mountain shear zone forms the boundary between the Inner Piedmont and Carolina terranes, and the Kings Creek shear zone separates the Battleground Formation from the Blacksburg Formation. Structural styles change across the Kings Mountain shear zone from steeply-dipping layers, foliations, and folds on the southeast to gently- and moderately-dipping layers, foliations, and recumbent folds on the northwest. Mineral assemblages in the Kings Mountain sequence show a westward decrease from upper amphibolite facies (sillimanite zone) near the High Shoals Granite on the east side of the map to greenschist (epidote-amphibolite) facies in the south-central part of the area near the Kings Mountain shear zone. Amphibolite-facies mineral assemblages in the Inner Piedmont terrane increase in grade from the kyanite zone near the Kings Mountain shear zone to the sillimanite zone in the northwest part of the map. Surficial deposits include alluvium in the stream valleys and colluvium along ridges and steep slopes. These quadrangles are unusual in their richness and variety of mineral deposits, which include spodumene (lithium), cassiterite (tin), mica, feldspar, silica, clay, marble, kyanite and sillimanite, barite, manganese, sand and gravel, gold, pyrite, and iron. (Abstract from pamphlet.)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061238","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., 2006, Geologic map of the Kings Mountain and Grover quadrangles, Cleveland and Gaston Counties, North Carolina, and Cherokee and York Counties, South Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1238, 1 map sheet, 60 x 35.5 in.; pamphlet, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061238.","productDescription":"1 map sheet, 60 x 35.5 in.; pamphlet, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":305,"text":"Geology Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110670,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77607.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"77607"},{"id":8510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1238/metadata.zip"},{"id":8512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1238/shapefiles.zip"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"UTM Zone 17 NAD 27","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5,35.11694444444444 ], [ -81.5,35.25 ], [ -81.25,35.25 ], [ -81.25,35.11694444444444 ], [ -81.5,35.11694444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":78578,"text":"sir20065159 - 2006 - Monitoring and modeling to predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T14:06:27","indexId":"sir20065159","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5159","title":"Monitoring and modeling to predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Lake Erie shoreline in Pennsylvania spans nearly 40 miles and is a valuable recreational resource for Erie County. Nearly 7 miles of the Lake Erie shoreline lies within Presque Isle State Park in Erie, Pa. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria at permitted Presque Isle beaches occasionally exceed the single-sample bathing-water standard, resulting in unsafe swimming conditions and closure of the beaches.\r\n\r\nE. coli concentrations and other water-quality and environmental data collected at Presque Isle Beach 2 during the 2004 and 2005 recreational seasons were used to develop models using tobit regression analyses to predict E. coli concentrations. All variables statistically related to E. coli concentrations were included in the initial regression analyses, and after several iterations, only those explanatory variables that made the models significantly better at predicting E. coli concentrations were included in the final models. Regression models were developed using data from 2004, 2005, and the combined 2-year dataset. Variables in the 2004 model and the combined 2004-2005 model were log10 turbidity, rain weight, wave height (calculated), and wind direction. Variables in the 2005 model were log10 turbidity and wind direction. Explanatory variables not included in the final models were water temperature, streamflow, wind speed, and current speed; model results indicated these variables did not meet significance criteria at the 95-percent confidence level (probabilities were greater than 0.05). The predicted E. coli concentrations produced by the models were used to develop probabilities that concentrations would exceed the single-sample bathing-water standard for E. coli of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters. Analysis of the exceedence probabilities helped determine a threshold probability for each model, chosen such that the correct number of exceedences and nonexceedences was maximized and the number of false positives and false negatives was minimized. Future samples with computed exceedence probabilities higher than the selected threshold probability, as determined by the model, will likely exceed the E. coli standard and a beach advisory or closing may need to be issued; computed exceedence probabilities lower than the threshold probability will likely indicate the standard will not be exceeded. Additional data collected each year can be used to test and possibly improve the model. This study will aid beach managers in more rapidly determining when waters are not safe for recreational use and, subsequently, when to issue beach advisories or closings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20065159","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T.M., 2006, Monitoring and modeling to predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5159, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065159.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8492,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.83333333333333,42 ], [ -80.83333333333333,42.833333333333336 ], [ -80,42.833333333333336 ], [ -80,42 ], [ -80.83333333333333,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":78579,"text":"sir20055250 - 2006 - Sources of water to wells in updip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055250","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5250","title":"Sources of water to wells in updip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Since 1996, when the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) restricted ground-water withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain as a result of excessive drawdown, Coastal Plain communities have been interested in developing alternate sources of water supply for their residents. The use of ground water from areas near the updip parts of the overlying confined aquifers where withdrawals are not restricted is being considered to meet the demand for drinking water. Concerns have arisen, however, regarding the potential effects of increased withdrawals from these areas on ground-water flow to streams and wetlands as well as to the deeper, confined parts of the aquifers. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NJDEP, conducted a study to investigate the sources of water to currently inactive wells in the updip part of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey. Of particular interest is whether the primary source of the increased withdrawals is likely to be the aquifer outcrop or the downdip, confined part of the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer covers nearly 8 mi2 (square miles), or about 46 percent of Deptford Township's 17.56-mi2 area. The Deptford Township Municipal Utilities Authority owns six currently (2005) inactive wells in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer at the southeastern boundary of Deptford Township, 1.25 mi (miles) from the outcrop. For the purposes of this study, an existing ground-water-flow model of the New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers was used to simulate ground-water-flow conditions in Gloucester and Camden Counties in 1998.\r\n\r\nTwo alternative withdrawal scenarios were superimposed on the results of the 1998 simulation. In the first (the 'full-allocation' scenario), full-allocation withdrawal rates established by the NJDEP were applied to 45 existing wells in the Deptford Township area. In the second (the 'additional-withdrawal' scenario), the full-allocation scenario was modified by adding an additional withdrawal of 1.62 million gallons per day from the six inactive Deptford Township withdrawal wells.\r\n\r\nSimulated drawdown for the full-allocation scenario is zero to near zero in Deptford Township. Changes are greatest downdip from Deptford Township, where a broad area of 5- to 10-ft (feet) drawdowns is simulated; maximum drawdown at the center of the cone of depression is 20 ft. Water levels declined as much as 10 ft around individual wells whose current withdrawals are only a small percentage of their allotted allocation.\r\n\r\nSimulated drawdown for the additional-withdrawal scenario exceeds 40 ft and is centered around the six inactive Deptford Township withdrawal wells. The area in which the simulated drawdown is 5 ft extends approximately 3.75 mi downdip from the wells and 2 mi updip, into the outcrop.\r\n\r\nWater budgets based on the simulation results for the full-allocation and additional-withdrawal scenarios were calculated and compared, with particular focus on a 75-mi2 area in and around Deptford Township that includes the outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and part of the area downdip from the outcrop (budget zone 2). The comparison of the two water budgets for zone 2 shows that 46 percent of the withdrawals from the six inactive Deptford Township wells would result from reduced stream base flow in the outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and 35 percent would result from increased downward flow from the overlying Vincentown aquifer. Four percent would result from increased flow from the downdip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, 5 percent would result from decreased flow to the downdip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, and 5 percent would result from decreased flow to the underlying Englishtown aquifer system. The remaining 4 percent was attributed to decreased upward flow to the overlying Vincentown aquifer.\r\n\r","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055250","usgsCitation":"Watt, M.K., and Voronin, L.M., 2006, Sources of water to wells in updip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5250, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055250.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voronin, Lois M. 0000-0002-1064-1675 lvoronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-1675","contributorId":1475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voronin","given":"Lois","email":"lvoronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":78572,"text":"sir20065173 - 2006 - Water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida, from 1954 to 2004, and effects on floodplain habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sir20065173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5173","title":"Water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida, from 1954 to 2004, and effects on floodplain habitats","docAbstract":"From 1954 to 2004, water levels declined in the nontidal reach of the Apalachicola River, Florida, as a result of long-term changes in stage-discharge relations. Channel widening and deepening, which occurred throughout much of the river, apparently caused the declines. The period of most rapid channel enlargement began in 1954 and occurred primarily as a gradual erosional process over two to three decades, probably in response to the combined effect of a dam located at the head of the study reach (106 miles upstream from the mouth of the river), river straightening, dredging, and other activities along the river. Widespread recovery has not occurred, but channel conditions in the last decade (1995-2004) have been relatively stable. Future channel changes, if they occur, are expected to be minor.\r\n\r\nThe magnitude and extent of water-level decline attributable to channel changes was determined by comparing pre-dam stage (prior to 1954) and recent stage (1995-2004) in relation to discharge. Long-term stage data for the pre-dam period and recent period from five streamflow gaging stations were related to discharge data from a single gage just downstream from the dam, by using a procedure involving streamflow lag times. The resulting pre-dam and recent stage-discharge relations at the gaging stations were used in combination with low-flow water-surface profile data from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to estimate magnitude of water-level decline at closely spaced locations (every 0.1 mile) along the river. The largest water-level declines occurred at the lowest discharges and varied with location along the river. The largest water-level decline, 4.8 feet, which occurred when sediments were scoured from the streambed just downstream from the dam, has been generally known and described previously. This large decline progressively decreased downstream to a magnitude of 1 foot about 40 river miles downstream from the dam, which is the location that probably marks the downstream limit of the influence of the dam on bed scour. Downstream from that location, previously unreported water-level declines progressively increased to 3 feet at a location 68 miles downstream from the dam, probably as a result of various channel modifications conducted in that part of the river.\r\n\r\nWater-level declines in the river have substantially changed long-term hydrologic conditions in more than 200 miles of off-channel floodplain sloughs, streams, and lakes and in most of the 82,200 acres of floodplain forests in the nontidal reach of the Apalachicola River. Decreases in duration of floodplain inundation at low discharges were large in the upstream-most 10 miles of the river (20-45 percent) and throughout most of the remaining 75 miles of the nontidal reach (10-25 percent). As a consequence of this decreased inundation, the quantity and quality of floodplain habitats for fish, mussels, and other aquatic organisms have declined, and wetland forests of the floodplain are changing in response to drier conditions. Water-level decline caused by channel change is probably the most serious anthropogenic impact that has occurred so far in the Apalachicola River and floodplain. This decline has been exacerbated by long-term reductions in spring and summer flow, especially during drought periods. Although no trends in total annual flow volumes were detected, long-term decreases in discharge for April, May, July, and August were apparent, and water-level declines during drought conditions resulting from decreased discharge in those 4 months were similar in magnitude to the water-level declines caused by channel changes. The observed changes in seasonal discharge are probably caused by a combination of natural climatic changes and anthropogenic activities in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin. Continued research is needed for geomorphic studies to assist in the design of future floodplain restoration efforts and for hydrologic studies to monitor change","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065173","usgsCitation":"Light, H.M., Vincent, K.R., Darst, M.R., and Price, F.D., 2006, Water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida, from 1954 to 2004, and effects on floodplain habitats: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5173, ix, 52 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065173.","productDescription":"ix, 52 p.; CD-ROM","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1954-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5173/pdf/appendixesI-X.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5173/executable_files/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,29 ], [ -86,35 ], [ -83,35 ], [ -83,29 ], [ -86,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Helen M.","contributorId":18355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vincent, Kirk R.","contributorId":64735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darst, Melanie R.","contributorId":93042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darst","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Franklin D.","contributorId":34597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":78571,"text":"ofr20061236 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Carroll County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20061236","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1236","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Carroll County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Carroll County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018.  FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program nationwide to:\r\n1. \tGather and develop updated data for all flood prone areas in support of flood plain management.\r\n2. \tProvide maps and data in a digital format for the improvement in the efficiency and precision of the mapping program.\r\n3. \tIntegrate FEMA's community and state partners into the mapping process\r\n\r\nOne of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Carroll County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multiyear project that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Carroll County.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA flood plain maps in Carroll County, New Hampshire is 18 years. Most of these studies were computed in the late 1970s to the mid 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20-30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the rivers and streams and their flood plains have changed as a result. In addition, as development has occurred, peak flooding has increased downstream of the development from increased flows across impervious surfaces. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights.\r\n\r\nCarroll County gained 3,773 residents between 2000 and 2005. This represents a growth of 8.6 percent compared to 6.0 percent for the state as a whole. Carroll County ranks second (from highest to lowest) out of New Hampshire's 10 counties in terms of rate of population increase. Since 1990, Carroll County has gained 12,029 residents (University of New Hampshire, 2006).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061236","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Carroll County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1236, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061236.","productDescription":"73 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8487,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcda4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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