Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague–Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO3; 0.153 mM) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigmotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO3 to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function.
In the early 1980s, the situation on the northern part of the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso was characterized by expanding cultivation on lands marginal to agriculture, declining rainfall, low and declining cereal yields, disappearing and impoverishing vegetation, falling ground-water levels and strong outmigration. This crisis situation provoked two reactions. Farmers, as well as technicians working for non-governmental organizations, started to experiment in improving soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques. When these experiments proved successful, donor agencies rapidly designed SWC projects based on simple, effective techniques acceptable to farmers. A study looked at the impact of SWC investments in nine villages and identified a number of major impacts, including: significant increases in millet and sorghum yields since the mid-1980s, cultivated fields treated with SWC techniques have more trees than 10-15 years ago, but the vegetation on most of the non-cultivated areas continues to degrade, greater availability of forage for livestock, increased investment in livestock by men and women and a beginning change in livestock management from extensive to semi-intensive methods, improved soil fertility management by farmers, locally rising ground-water tables, a decrease in outmigration and a significant reduction in rural poverty. Finally, data are presented on the evolution of land use in three villages between 1968 and 2002. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.010","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Reij, C., Tappan, G., and Belemvire, A., 2005, Changing land management practices and vegetation on the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso (1968-2002): Journal of Arid Environments, v. 63, no. 3, p. 642-659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.010.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"659","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210766,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.010"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f440e4b0c8380cd4bc2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reij, C.","contributorId":10987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reij","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":26859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belemvire, A.","contributorId":12682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belemvire","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029604,"text":"70029604 - 2005 - Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029604","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries","docAbstract":"We propose an approach to quantify the source of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries. Such an assumption reduces the number of free parameters in a waveform inversion, so we can quantify the source of these signals observed by a small number of seismic stations. We test this method by using the synthesized waveforms radiated by a fluid-filled crack and with seismic data observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. We find that waveform data from 2 to 3 three-component seismic stations surrounding the source enable us to estimate the source mechanism and location in the present approach. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL022666","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Nakano, M., and Kumagai, H., 2005, Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022666.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477790,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210687,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022666"},{"id":237682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa0e4b08c986b32e9ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakano, M.","contributorId":43528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakano","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035419,"text":"70035419 - 2005 - Reconnaissance study of late quaternary faulting along Cerro Goden fault zone, western Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:09:35.440122","indexId":"70035419","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance study of late quaternary faulting along Cerro Goden fault zone, western Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Cerro Goden fault zone is associated with a curvilinear, continuous, and prominent topographic lineament in western Puerto Rico. The fault varies in strike from northwest to west. In its westernmost section, the fault is ∼500 m south of an abrupt, curvilinear mountain front separating the 270- to 361-m-high La Cadena de San Francisco range from the Rio Añasco alluvial valley. The Quaternary fault of the Añasco Valley is in alignment with the bedrock fault mapped by D. McIntyre (1971) in the Central La Plata quadrangle sheet east of Añasco Valley. Previous workers have postulated that the Cerro Goden fault zone continues southeast from the Añasco Valley and merges with the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone of south-central Puerto Rico. West of the Añasco Valley, the fault continues offshore into the Mona Passage (Caribbean Sea) where it is characterized by offsets of seafloor sediments estimated to be of late Quaternary age. Using both 1:18,500 scale air photographs taken in 1936 and 1:40,000 scale photographs taken by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1986, we identified geomorphic features suggestive of Quaternary fault movement in the Añasco Valley, including aligned and deflected drainages, apparently offset terrace risers, and mountain-facing scarps. Many of these features suggest right-lateral displacement.
Mapping of Paleogene bedrock units in the uplifted La Cadena range adjacent to the Cerro Goden fault zone reveals the main tectonic events that have culminated in late Quaternary normal-oblique displacement across the Cerro Goden fault. Cretaceous to Eocene rocks of the La Cadena range exhibit large folds with wavelengths of several kms. The orientation of folds and analysis of fault striations within the folds indicate that the folds formed by northeast-southwest shortening in present-day geographic coordinates. The age of deformation is well constrained as late Eocene–early Oligocene by an angular unconformity separating folded, deep-marine middle Eocene rocks from transgressive, shallow-marine rocks of middle-upper Oligocene age. Rocks of middle Oligocene–early Pliocene age above unconformity are gently folded about the roughly east-west–trending Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands arch, which is well expressed in the geomorphology of western Puerto Rico. Arching appears ongoing because onshore and offshore late Quaternary oblique-slip faults closely parallel the complexly deformed crest of the arch and appear to be related to extensional strains focused in the crest of the arch. We estimate ∼4 km of vertical throw on the Cerro Goden fault based on the position of the carbonate cap north of the fault in the La Cadena de San Francisco and its position south of the fault inferred from seismic reflection data in Mayaguez Bay. Based on these observations, our interpretation of the kinematics and history of the Cerro Goden fault zone includes two major phases of motion: (1) Eocene northeast-southwest shortening possibly accompanied by left-lateral shearing as determined by previous workers on the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone; and (2) post–early Pliocene regional arching of Puerto Rico accompanied by normal offset and right-lateral shear along faults flanking the crest of the arch. The second phase of deformation accompanied east-west opening of the Mona rift and is inferred to continue to the present day.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2385-X.115","usgsCitation":"Mann, P., Prentice, C., Hippolyte, J., Grindlay, N., Abrams, L., and Lao-Davila, D., 2005, Reconnaissance study of late quaternary faulting along Cerro Goden fault zone, western Puerto Rico: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 385, p. 115-137, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2385-X.115.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Goden fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.3187255859375,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -66.33270263671875,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -66.33270263671875,\n 18.521283325496277\n ],\n [\n -67.3187255859375,\n 18.521283325496277\n ],\n [\n -67.3187255859375,\n 17.926475979176438\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"385","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9913e4b0c8380cd82d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, P.","contributorId":55167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prentice, C.S.","contributorId":56667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hippolyte, J.-C.","contributorId":36377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippolyte","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grindlay, N.R.","contributorId":28445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grindlay","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrams, L.J.","contributorId":98968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lao-Davila, D.","contributorId":44753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lao-Davila","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029349,"text":"70029349 - 2005 - Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence","docAbstract":"Temporal clustering of the larger earthquakes (foreshock-mainshock-aftershock) followed by relative quiescence (stress shadow) are characteristic of seismic cycles along plate boundaries. A global seismic-moment release history, based on a little more than 100 years of instrumental earthquake data in an extended version of the catalog of Pacheco and Sykes (1992), illustrates similar behavior for Earth as a whole. Although the largest earthquakes have occurred in the circum-Pacific region, an analysis of moment release in the hemisphere antipodal to the Pacific plate shows a very similar pattern. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the global temporal clustering of great shallow earthquakes during 1952-1964 at M ??? 9.0 is highly significant (4% random probability) as is the clustering of the events of M ??? 8.6 (0.2% random probability) during 1950-1965. We have extended the Pacheco and Sykes (1992) catalog from 1989 through 2001 using Harvard moment centroid data. Immediately after the 1950-1965 cluster, significant quiescence at and above M 8.4 begins and continues until 2001 (0.5% random probability). In alternative catalogs derived by correcting for possible random errors in magnitude estimates in the extended Pacheco-Sykes catalog, the clustering of M ??? 9 persists at a significant level. These observations indicate that, for great earthquakes, Earth behaves as a coherent seismotectonic system. A very-large-scale mechanism for global earthquake triggering and/or stress transfer is implied. There are several candidates, but so far only viscoelastic relaxation has been modeled on a global scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040110","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., and Perkins, D.M., 2005, Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 3, p. 833-843, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040110.","startPage":"833","endPage":"843","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040110"},{"id":237666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d2ee4b0c8380cd52e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, D. M.","contributorId":83922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029343,"text":"70029343 - 2005 - Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:02:31.25823","indexId":"70029343","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Satellite radio-location data from 57 adult male Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) were used to estimate haul-out fidelity, broadly describe seasonal foraging distributions, and determine the approximate timing of autumn migration from Bristol Bay, Alaska. Data were collected intermittently during 1987–91 and 1995–2000, primarily during the period from May to October. Transmitter longevity ranged from less than 1 day to 560 days (median 75 d). The four tagging sites were the only haul-outs that were commonly used in the bay from spring through autumn. Mean fidelity, defined as the chance that an animal will return to an area where it previously hauled out, was 0.56 (SE = 0.09). However, small sample sizes precluded comparisons of fidelity among years and among haul-outs by season. No tagged animals migrated out of the bay between spring and early autumn. Combined monthly locations suggest that foraging occurred primarily in the southern and eastern areas of the bay in spring and gradually shifted towards northwestern areas in late autumn and winter. Ninety-eight percent of the in-water locations were in waters under 60 m deep, which account for 76% of the study area. Some animals migrated out of the bay in late autumn and winter; others remained within the bay throughout the year. Those making long-range migrations departed the bay during November and December.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic410","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., and Hills, S., 2005, Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska: Arctic, v. 58, no. 2, p. 192-202, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic410.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -156.9287109375,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -156.9287109375,\n 60.8663124746226\n ],\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 60.8663124746226\n ],\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 53.30462107510271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f71e4b0c8380cd70f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hills, Susan","contributorId":103995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hills","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029597,"text":"70029597 - 2005 - Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismic and geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029597","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismic and geodetic data","docAbstract":"We solve for the slip rate distribution on the Hayward fault by performing a least squares inversion,of geodetic and seismic data sets. Our analysis focuses on the northern 60 km of the fault. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 13 independent ERS interferograms are stacked to obtain range change rates from 1992 to 2000. Horizontal surface displacement rates at 141 bench marks are measured using GPS from 1994 to 2003. Surface creep observations and estimates of deep slip rates determined from characteristic repeating earthquake sequences are also incorporated in the inversion. The fault is discretized into 283 triangular dislocation elements that approximate the nonplanar attributes of the fault surface. South of the city of Hayward, a steeply, east dipping fault geometry accommodates the divergence of the surface trace and the microseismicity at depth. The inferred slip rate distribution is consistent with a fault that creeps aseismically at a rate of ???5 mm/yr to a depth of 4-6 km. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data require an aseismic slip rate that approaches the geologic slip rate on the northernmost fault segment beneath Point Pinole, although the InSAR data might be complicated by a small dip-slip component at this location. A low slip rate patch of <1 mm/yr is inferred beneath San Leandro consistent with the source location of the 1868 earthquake. We calculate that the entire fault is accumulating a slip rate deficit equivalent to a Mw = 6.77 ?? 0.05 per century. However, this estimate of potential coseismic moment represents an upper bound because we do not know how much of the accumulated strain will be released through aseismic processes such as afterslip. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003397","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, D., Burgmann, R., Nadeau, R., and d'Alessio, M., 2005, Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismic and geodetic data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 8, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003397.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477907,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003397"},{"id":237573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02bfe4b0c8380cd501b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, D.A.","contributorId":75749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nadeau, R.M.","contributorId":93268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"d'Alessio, M.","contributorId":68530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d'Alessio","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029383,"text":"70029383 - 2005 - Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029383","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited","docAbstract":"The tectonic sequence in the anti-jovian area covered by regional mapping images from Galileo's orbit E15 is determined from a study of cross-cutting relationships among lineament features. The sequence is used to test earlier results from orbit G1, based on lower resolution images, which appeared to display a progressive change in azimuthal orientation over about 90?? in a clockwise sense. Such a progression is consistent with expected stress variations that would accompany plausible non-synchronous rotation. The more recent data provide a more complete record than the G1 data did. We find that to fit the sequence into a continual clockwise change of orientation would require at least 1000?? (> 5 cycles) of azimuthal rotation. If due to non-synchronous rotation of Europa, this result implies that we are seeing back further into the tectonic record than the G1 results had suggested. The three sets of orientations found by Geissler et al. now appear to have been spaced out over several cycles, not during a fraction of one cycle. While our more complete sequence of lineament formation is consistent with non-synchronous rotation, a statistical test shows that it cannot be construed as independent evidence. Other lines of evidence do support non-synchronous rotation, but azimuths of crack sequences do not show it, probably because only a couple of cracks form in a given region in any given non-synchronous rotation period. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Sarid, A., Greenberg, R., Hoppa, G., Brown, D., and Geissler, P., 2005, Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited: Icarus, v. 173, no. 2, p. 469-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011.","startPage":"469","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.011"},{"id":237630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc94e4b0c8380cd4e320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarid, A.R.","contributorId":72582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarid","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppa, G.V.","contributorId":68098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppa","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, D.M. Jr.","contributorId":18963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029360,"text":"70029360 - 2005 - Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T21:44:28.697402","indexId":"70029360","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers","docAbstract":"Movement ecology and demographic parameters for the Common Merganser (Mergus merganser americanus) in North America are poorly known. We used band-recovery data from five locations across North America spanning the years 1938–1998 to examine migratory patterns and estimate survival rates. We examined competing time-invariant, age-graduated models with program MARK to study sources of variation in survival and reporting probability. We considered age, sex, geographic location, and the use of nasal saddles on hatching year birds at one location as possible sources of variation. Year-of-banding was included as a covariate in a post-hoc analysis. We found that migratory tendency, defined as the average distance between banding and recovery locations, varied geographically. Similarly, all models accounting for the majority of variation in recovery and survival probabilities included location of banding. Models that included age and sex received less support, but we lacked sufficient data to adequately assess these parameters. Model-averaged estimates of annual survival ranged from 0.21 in Michigan to 0.82 in Oklahoma. Heterogeneity in migration tendency and survival suggests that demographic patterns may vary across geographic scales, with implications for the population dynamics of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-76.2.109","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Reed, J.A., and Flint, P.L., 2005, Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-76.2.109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a178be4b0c8380cd55539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029192,"text":"70029192 - 2005 - Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029192","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"To identify and constrain the target zone for the planned SAFOD Main Hole through the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, a 32-level three-component (3C) geophone string was installed in the Pilot Hole (PH) to monitor and improve the locations of nearby earthquakes. The orientation of the 3C geophones is essential for this purpose, because ray directions from sources may be determined directly from the 3D particle motion for both P and S waves. Due to the complex local velocity structure, rays traced from explosions and earthquakes to the PH show strong ray bending. Observed azimuths are obtained from P-wave polarization analysis, and ray tracing provides theoretical estimates of the incoming wave field. The differences between the theoretical and the observed angles define the calibration azimuths. To investigate the process of orientation with respect to the assumed velocity model, we compare calibration azimuths derived from both a homogeneous and 3D velocity model. Uncertainties in the relative orientation between the geophone levels were also estimated for a cluster of 36 earthquakes that was not used in the orientation process. The comparison between the homogeneous and the 3D velocity model shows that there are only minor changes in these relative orientations. In contrast, the absolute orientations, with respect to global North, were significantly improved by application of the 3D model. The average data residual decreased from 13?? to 7??, supporting the importance of an accurate velocity model. We explain the remaining residuals by methodological uncertainties and noise and with errors in the velocity model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040130","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Oye, V., and Ellsworth, W., 2005, Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 751-758, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040130.","startPage":"751","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040130"},{"id":237469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7093e4b0c8380cd760e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oye, V.","contributorId":90100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oye","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029194,"text":"70029194 - 2005 - Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029194","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia","docAbstract":"Hydrostatic (closed-system) pingos are small, elongate to circular, ice-cored mounds that are perennial features of some periglacial landscapes. The growth and development of hydrostatic pingos is contingent upon the presence of surface water, freezing processes and of deep, continuous, ice-cemented permafrost. Other cold-climate landforms such as small-sized, polygonal patterned ground also may occur in the areas where pingos are found. On Mars, landscapes comprising small, elongate to circular mounds and other possible periglacial features have been identified in various areas, including Utopia Planitia, where water is thought to have played an important role in landscape evolution. Despite the importance of the martian mounds as possible markers of water, most accounts of them in the planetary science literature have been brief and/or based upon Viking imagery. We use a high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera image (EO300299) and superposed Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data tracks to describe and characterise a crater-floor landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia (64.8?? N/292.7?? W). The landscape comprises an assemblage of landforms that is consistent with the past presence of water and of periglacial processes. This geomorphological assemblage may have formed as recently as the last episode of high obliquity. A similar assemblage of landforms is found in the Tuktoyaktuk peninsula of northern Canada and other terrestrial cold-climate landscapes. We point to the similarity of the two assemblages and suggest that the small, roughly circular mounds on the floor of the impact crater in northwest Utopia Planitia are hydrostatic pingos. Like the hydrostatic pingos of the Tuktoyaktuk peninsula, the origin of the crater-floor mounds could be tied to the loss of ponded, local water, permafrost aggradation and the evolution of a sub-surface ice core. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Soare, R., Burr, D., and Wan, B.T., 2005, Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia: Icarus, v. 174, no. 2 SPEC. ISS., p. 373-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.013.","startPage":"373","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.013"},{"id":237508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"174","issue":"2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e34e4b0c8380cd7a3cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soare, R.J.","contributorId":88141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soare","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burr, D.M.","contributorId":60420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wan, Bun Tseung J.-M.","contributorId":78143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Bun","email":"","middleInitial":"Tseung J.-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194224,"text":"70194224 - 2005 - Modeling of site occupancy dynamics for northern spotted owls, with emphasis on the effects of barred owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:10:27","indexId":"70194224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of site occupancy dynamics for northern spotted owls, with emphasis on the effects of barred owls","docAbstract":"Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) have been studied intensively since their listing as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1990. Studies of spotted owl site occupancy have used various binary response measures, but most of these studies have made the assumption that detectability is perfect, or at least high and not variable. Further, previous studies did not consider temporal variation in site occupancy. We used relatively new methods for open population modeling of site occupancy that incorporated imperfect and variable detectability of spotted owls and allowed modeling of temporal variation in site occupancy, extinction, and colonization probabilities. We also examined the effects of barred owl (S. varia) presence on these parameters. We used spotted owl survey data from 1990 to 2002 for 3 study areas in Oregon, USA, and we used program MARK to develop and analyze site occupancy models. We found per visit detection probabilities averaged <0.70 and were highly variable among study years and study areas. Site occupancy probabilities for owl pairs declined greatly on 1 study area and slightly on the other 2 areas. For all owls, including singles and pairs, site occupancy was mostly stable through time. Barred owl presence had a negative effect on spotted owl detection probabilities, and it had either a positive effect on local-extinction probabilities or a negative effect on colonization probabilities. We conclude that further analyses of spotted owls must account for imperfect and variable detectability and barred owl presence to properly interpret results. Further, because barred owl presence is increasing within the range of northern spotted owls, we expect to see further declines in the proportion of sites occupied by spotted owls.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0918:MOSODF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Olson, G.S., Anthony, R., Forsman, E.D., Ackers, S.H., Loschl, P.J., Reid, J.A., Dugger, K.M., Glenn, E., and Ripple, W.J., 2005, Modeling of site occupancy dynamics for northern spotted owls, with emphasis on the effects of barred owls: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 3, p. 918-932, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0918:MOSODF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"918","endPage":"932","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611696e4b06e28e9c258eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ackers, Steven H.","contributorId":36065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackers","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loschl, Peter J.","contributorId":7195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reid, Janice A.","contributorId":98034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Glenn, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":96568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Elizabeth M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ripple, William J.","contributorId":24271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70194225,"text":"70194225 - 2005 - The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:17:40","indexId":"70194225","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","docAbstract":"We used data from Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) territories to model the effects of habitat (particularly intermediate-aged forest stand types), climate, and nonhabitat covariates (i.e., age, sex) on owl reproductive rate and apparent survival in southwestern Oregon. Our best model for reproductive rate included an interaction between a cyclic, annual time trend and male breeding experience, with higher reproductive rates in even years compared to odd, particularly for males with previous breeding experience. Reproductive rate was also negatively related to the amount of winter precipitation and positively related to the proportion of old-growth forest near the owl territory center. Apparent survival was not associated with age, sex, climate or any of the intermediate-aged forest types, but was positively associated with the proportion of older forest near the territory center in a pseudothreshold pattern. The quadratic structure of the proportion of nonhabitat farther from the nest or primary roost site was also part of our best survival model. Survival decreased dramatically when the amount of nonhabitat exceeded ∼50%. Habitat fitness potential estimates (λ̂h) for 97 owl territories ranged from 0.29–1.09, with a mean of 0.86 ± 0.02. Owl territories with habitat fitness potentials <1.0 were generally characterized by <40%–50% old forest habitat near the territory center. Our results indicate that both apparent survival and reproductive rate are positively associated with older forest types close to the nest or primary roost site. We found no support for either a positive or negative direct effect of intermediate-aged forests on either survival or reproductive rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7824.1","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K.M., Wagner, F., Anthony, R., and Olson, G.S., 2005, The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon: The Condor, v. 107, no. 4, p. 863-878, https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611696e4b06e28e9c258e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Frank","contributorId":68663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029253,"text":"70029253 - 2005 - Nitrogen controls on ecosystem carbon sequestration: a model implementation and application to Saskatchewan, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:47:02","indexId":"70029253","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen controls on ecosystem carbon sequestration: a model implementation and application to Saskatchewan, Canada","docAbstract":"A plant–soil nitrogen (N) cycling model was developed and incorporated into the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) of Foley et al. [Foley, J.A., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Levis, S., Pollard, D., Sitch, S., Haxeltine, A., 1996. An integrated biosphere model of land surface process, terrestrial carbon balance and vegetation dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 603–628]. In the N-model, soil mineral N regulates ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes and ecosystem C:N ratios. Net primary productivity (NPP) is controlled by feedbacks from both leaf C:N and soil mineral N. Leaf C:N determines the foliar and canopy photosynthesis rates, while soil mineral N determines the N availability for plant growth and the efficiency of biomass construction. Nitrogen controls on the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) are implemented through N immobilization and mineralization separately. The model allows greater SOM mineralization at lower mineral N, and conversely, allows greater N immobilization at higher mineral N. The model's seasonal and inter-annual behaviours are demonstrated. A regional simulation for Saskatchewan, Canada, was performed for the period 1851–2000 at a 10 km × 10 km resolution. Simulated NPP was compared with high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) NPP estimated from remote sensing data using the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) [Liu, J., Chen, J.M., Cihlar, J., Park, W.M., 1997. A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs. Remote Sens. Environ. 44, 81–87]. The agreement between IBIS and BEPS, particularly in NPP spatial variation, was considerably improved when the N controls were introduced into IBIS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.036","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Price, D., and Chen, J., 2005, Nitrogen controls on ecosystem carbon sequestration: a model implementation and application to Saskatchewan, Canada: Ecological Modelling, v. 186, no. 2, p. 178-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.036.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.036"},{"id":237838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66cbe4b0c8380cd72fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, D.T.","contributorId":6651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, J.M.","contributorId":70178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029262,"text":"70029262 - 2005 - An empirical model for estimating annual consumption by freshwater fish populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029262","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model for estimating annual consumption by freshwater fish populations","docAbstract":"Population consumption is an important process linking predator populations to their prey resources. Simple tools are needed to enable fisheries managers to estimate population consumption. We assembled 74 individual estimates of annual consumption by freshwater fish populations and their mean annual population size, 41 of which also included estimates of mean annual biomass. The data set included 14 freshwater fish species from 10 different bodies of water. From this data set we developed two simple linear regression models predicting annual population consumption. Log-transformed population size explained 94% of the variation in log-transformed annual population consumption. Log-transformed biomass explained 98% of the variation in log-transformed annual population consumption. We quantified the accuracy of our regressions and three alternative consumption models as the mean percent difference from observed (bioenergetics-derived) estimates in a test data set. Predictions from our population-size regression matched observed consumption estimates poorly (mean percent difference = 222%). Predictions from our biomass regression matched observed consumption reasonably well (mean percent difference = 24%). The biomass regression was superior to an alternative model, similar in complexity, and comparable to two alternative models that were more complex and difficult to apply. Our biomass regression model, log10(consumption) = 0.5442 + 0.9962??log10(biomass), will be a useful tool for fishery managers, enabling them to make reasonably accurate annual population consumption predictions from mean annual biomass estimates. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-213.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Liao, H., Pierce, C., and Larscheid, J.G., 2005, An empirical model for estimating annual consumption by freshwater fish populations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 2, p. 525-532, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-213.1.","startPage":"525","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477840,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-213.1"},{"id":237439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea37e4b0c8380cd486f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029269,"text":"70029269 - 2005 - Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:16:07","indexId":"70029269","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment","docAbstract":"Sediment storage in alluvial valleys can strongly modulate the downstream migration of sediment and associated contaminants through landscapes. Traditional methods for routing contaminated sediment through valleys focus on in‐channel sediment transport but ignore the influence of sediment exchanges with temporary sediment storage reservoirs outside the channel, such as floodplains. In theory, probabilistic analysis of particle trajectories through valleys offers a useful strategy for quantifying the influence of sediment storage on the downstream movement of contaminated sediment. This paper describes a field application and test of this theory, using 137Cs as a sediment tracer over 45 years (1952–1997), downstream of a historical effluent outfall at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico. The theory is parameterized using a sediment budget based on field data and an estimate of the 137Cs release history at the upstream boundary. The uncalibrated model reasonably replicates the approximate magnitude and spatial distribution of channel‐ and floodplain‐stored 137Cs measured in an independent field study. Model runs quantify the role of sediment storage in the long‐term migration of a pulse of contaminated sediment, quantify the downstream impact of upstream mitigation, and mathematically decompose the future 137Cs flux near the LANL property boundary to evaluate the relative contributions of various upstream contaminant sources. The fate of many sediment‐bound contaminants is determined by the relative timescales of contaminant degradation and particle residence time in different types of sedimentary environments. The theory provides a viable approach for quantifying the long‐term movement of contaminated sediment through valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003288","usgsCitation":"Malmon, D.V., Reneau, S.L., Dunne, T., Katzman, D., and Drakos, P., 2005, Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, Article W05008; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003288.","productDescription":"Article W05008; 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003288","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7ae4b0c8380cd6257a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malmon, Daniel V.","contributorId":89998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reneau, Steven L.","contributorId":99639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reneau","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzman, Danny","contributorId":102268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katzman","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drakos, Paul G.","contributorId":8667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakos","given":"Paul G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029270,"text":"70029270 - 2005 - Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029270","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"Published estimates for the equilibrium relative humidity (RH) at 25 deg;C for the reaction: bieberite (CoSO4??7H2O) = moorhouseite (CoSO4??6H2O) + H2O, range from 69.8 to 74.5%. To evaluate these data, the humidity-buffer technique was used to determine equilibrium constants for this reaction between 14 and 43 ??C at 0.1 MPa. Reversals along five humidity-buffer curves yield In K = 18.03-6509.43/T, where K is the equilibrium constant, and T is temperature in K. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 9.43 kJ/mol, which agrees well with several previously reported values based on vapor-pressure measurements. It also agrees well with values calculated from the data derived mostly from calorimetric measurements. Previous studies indicated that the temperature of the invariant point for the assemblage bieberite-moorhouseite-aqueous solution-vapor is near 44.7 ??C, and our extrapolated data predict 91.1% RH at this temperature; the predicted position for the invariant point is in excellent agreement with those reported previously.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1695","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R., 2005, Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 5-6, p. 912-917, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1695.","startPage":"912","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1695"},{"id":237589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a3e4b0c8380cd47554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029277,"text":"70029277 - 2005 - Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T14:27:28.750937","indexId":"70029277","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis","docAbstract":"Mapping invasive plant species in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems helps to understand the causes of their progression, manage some of their negative consequences, and control them. In recent years, a variety of new remote-sensing techniques, like Derivative Spectral Analysis (DSA) of hyperspectral data, have been developed to facilitate this mapping. A number of questions related to these techniques remain to be addressed. This article attempts to answer one of these questions: Is the application of DSA optimal at certain times of the year? Field radiometric data gathered weekly during the summer of 1999 at selected field sites in upstate New York, populated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.)) and cattail (Typha L.) are analyzed using DSA to differentiate among plant community types. First, second and higher-order derivatives of the reflectance spectra of nine field plots, varying in plant composition, are calculated and analyzed in detail to identify spectral ranges in which one or more community types have distinguishing features. On the basis of the occurrence and extent of these spectral ranges, experimental observations suggest that a satisfactory differentiation among community types was feasible on 30 August, when plants experienced characteristic phenological changes (transition from flowers to seed heads). Generally, dates in August appear optimal from the point of view of species differentiability and could be selected for image acquisitions. This observation, as well as the methodology adopted in this article, should provide a firm basis for the acquisition of hyperspectral imagery and for mapping the targeted species over a broad range of spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.71.5.603","usgsCitation":"Laba, M., Tsai, F., Ogurcak, D., Smith, S., and Richmond, M.E., 2005, Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 5, p. 603-611, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.71.5.603.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"611","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.71.5.603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fafe4b0c8380cd539a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laba, M.","contributorId":55633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laba","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.","contributorId":107086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogurcak, Danielle","contributorId":21815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogurcak","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029278,"text":"70029278 - 2005 - Leaf fluctuating asymmetry, soil disturbance and plant stress: A multiple year comparison using two herbs, Ipomoea pandurata and Cnidoscolus stimulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T16:48:39","indexId":"70029278","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaf fluctuating asymmetry, soil disturbance and plant stress: A multiple year comparison using two herbs, Ipomoea pandurata and Cnidoscolus stimulosus","docAbstract":"We studied Cnidoscolus stimulosus and Ipomoea pandurata, two common herbs of the Fall Line Sandhills to assess their potential as ecosystem level stress indicators. We focused on plants because they are among the most persistent organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. We used developmental instability as an indicator of plant population stress. Developmental instability is usually measured as deviations from symmetry, in traits that normally develop symmetrically. Thus, symmetry represents an idealized a priori phenotype. Stress presumably causes perturbations during development that may exceed the capacity of the organism to buffer or correct, resulting in developmental instability, and hence deviations from this ideal. Soil disturbance imposed by different land use patterns at Fort Benning, Georgia provided a gradient of soil disturbance. In 2000-2002 we collected plants from nine different sites representing three levels of disturbance. In addition, in 2002 we collected microhabitat data in 1 m quadrats surrounding each plant whose developmental stability we also assessed. The developmental instability of both species was influenced by land use patterns, whether or not the sites had been previously burned, and microhabitat variables. Developmental instability increased with soil disturbance, burning in the prior year, and as the percentage of bare ground increased around the target individual. To some extent, favorable microhabitat conditions reduced developmental instability in sites with medium and high soil disturbance, whereas unfavorable conditions at low soil disturbance sites increased developmental instability. As an indicator of community level stress, developmental instability is best used in conjunction with other indices of environmental quality. ?? Published by Elsevier Ltd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.05.002","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Freeman, D., Brown, M.L., Duda, J., Graraham, J., Emlen, J., Krzysik, A., Balbach, H., Kovacic, D., and Zak, J., 2005, Leaf fluctuating asymmetry, soil disturbance and plant stress: A multiple year comparison using two herbs, Ipomoea pandurata and Cnidoscolus stimulosus: Ecological Indicators, v. 5, no. 2, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.05.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.05.002"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45ebe4b0c8380cd67524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, M. 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The overall concept of the approach utilizes the robustness of the multichannel seismic method. A multichannel-equivalent data set is compiled from multiple time series recorded from multiple hammer impacts at progressively different offsets from a fixed receiver. This multichannel simulation with one receiver (MSOR) replaces the true multichannel recording in a cost-effective and convenient manner. A recorded data set is first processed to evaluate the shear wave velocity through a wave field transformation, normally used in the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method, followed by a Lambwave inversion. Then, the same data set is used to evaluate compression wave velocity from a combined processing of the first-arrival picking and a linear regression. Finally, the amplitude spectra of the time series are used to evaluate the thickness by following the concepts utilized in the Impact Echo (IE) method. 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Seismically, these measurements can be made through the dispersion analysis of the Rayleigh-type surface waves. Successful terrestrial application of this method has been reported by many investigators using spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) and more recently using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The MASW method was originally developed as a land survey method to investigate the near-surface materials for their elastic properties: for example, the shear-wave velocity (VS), by recording and analyzing Rayleigh-type surface waves using a vertical (impulsive) seismic source and receivers. The acquired data are first analyzed for dispersion characteristics and, from these the shear-wave velocity is estimated using an inversion technique.
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To avoid the introduction of spurious low-frequency noise in quantities derived from the filtered accelerations, however, care must be taken to append zero pads of adequate length to the beginning and end of the segment of recorded data. These padded sections of the filtered acceleration need to be retained when deriving velocities, displacements, Fourier spectra, and response spectra. 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Because both sets of maps are generally available and in use by the community, there is a need to document differences between the processes and input data sets used by the two groups to produce their respective set of maps and to identify similarities and differences between the two sets of maps and possible reasons for the differences. These differences do not affect the observed large-scale patterns of seasonal and annual variability. Alaska is divided into interior and coastal zones, with consistent but different variability, separated by a transition region. The transition region has high interannual variability but low long-term mean variability. Both data sets support the four major ecosystems and ecosystem transition zone identified in our earlier work. Differences between the two sets of maps do occur, however, on the regional scale; they reflect differences in physiographic domains and in the treatment of these domains by the two groups (AGDC, SCAS). 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