In order to reap the potential of airborne lidar surveys to provide geological information useful in understanding coastal sedimentary processes acting on various time scales, a new set of analysis methods are needed. This paper presents a multi-temporal lidar analysis of north Assateague Island, Maryland, and demonstrates the calculation of lidar metrics that condense barrier island morphology and morphological change into attributed linear features that may be used to analyze trends in coastal evolution. The new methods proposed in this paper are also of significant practical value, because lidar metric analysis reduces large volumes of point elevations into linear features attributed with essential morphological variables that are ideally suited for inclusion in Geographic Information Systems.
A morphodynamic classification of north Assategue Island for a recent 10 month time period that is based on the recognition of simple patterns described by lidar change metrics is presented. Such morphodynamic classification reveals the relative magnitude and the fine scale alongshore variation in the importance of coastal changes over the study area during a defined time period. More generally, through the presentation of this morphodynamic classification of north Assateague Island, the value of lidar metrics in both examining large lidar data sets for coherent trends and in building hypotheses regarding processes driving barrier evolution is demonstrated
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jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabill, William","contributorId":69013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72471,"text":"sir20045134 - 2004 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the Pepacton Reservoir Watershed in Southeastern New York. Part 2. Hydrogeology, stream base flow, and ground-water recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:25:34","indexId":"sir20045134","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5134","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the Pepacton Reservoir Watershed in Southeastern New York. Part 2. Hydrogeology, stream base flow, and ground-water recharge","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the 372-square-mile Pepacton Reservoir watershed (herein called the East Branch Delaware River Basin) in the southwestern Catskill Mountain region of Southeastern New York is described and depicted in a detailed surficial geologic map and two geologic sections. An analysis of stream discharge records and estimates of mean annual ground-water recharge and stream base flow for eight subbasins in the basin are included.
Analysis of surficial geologic data indicates that the most widespread geologic unit within the basin is till, which occurs as masses of ablation till in major stream valleys and as thick deposits of lodgment till that fill upland basins. Till covers about 91.5 percent of the Pepacton Reservoir watershed, whereas stratified drift (alluvium, outwash, and ice-contact deposits) accounts for 6.3 percent. The Pepacton Reservoir occupies about 2.3 percent of the basin area. Large outwash and ice-contact deposits occupy the valleys of the upper East Branch Delaware River, the Tremper Kill, the Platte Kill, the Bush Kill, and Dry Brook. These deposits form stratified-drift aquifers that range in thickness from 90 feet in parts of the upper East Branch Delaware River Valley to less than 30 feet in the Dry Brook valley, and average about 50 feet in the main East Branch Delaware River Valley near Margaretville.
An analysis of daily mean stream discharge for the six eastern subbasins for 1998–2001, and for two western subbasins for 1945–52, was performed using three computer programs to obtain estimates of mean annual base flow and mean annual ground-water recharge for the eight subbasins. Mean annual base flow ranged from 15.3 inches per year for the Tremper Kill subbasin to 22.3 inches per year for the Mill Brook subbasin; the latter reflects the highest mean annual precipitation of all the subbasins studied. Estimated mean annual ground-water recharge ranged from 24.3 inches per year for Mill Brook to 15.8 inches per year for the Tremper Kill. The base flow index, which is the mean annual base flow expressed as a percentage of mean annual streamflow, ranged from 69.1 percent for Coles Clove Kill to 75.6 percent for the upper East Branch Delaware River; most subbasin indices were greater than 70 percent. These high base flow indices indicate that because stratified drift covers only a small percentage of subbasin areas (generally 5 to 7 percent), most of the base flow is derived from the fractured sandstone bedrock that underlies the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., 2004, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Pepacton Reservoir Watershed in Southeastern New York. Part 2. Hydrogeology, stream base flow, and ground-water recharge: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5134, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045134.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323591,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045018","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5018","description":"SIR 2004-5134"},{"id":323590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045008","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5008","description":"SIR 2004-5134"},{"id":191018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5134/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323589,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5134/sir20045134.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004-5134"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
In the fall of 2002, the Onondaga Lake Partnership (OLP) formed a Geographic Information System (GIS) Planning Committee to begin the process of developing a comprehensive watershed geographic information system for Onondaga Lake. The goal of the Onondaga Lake Partnership geographic information system is to integrate the various types of spatial data used for scientific investigations, resource management, and planning and design of improvement projects in the Onondaga Lake Watershed. A needs-assessment survey was conducted and a spatial data framework developed to support the Onondaga Lake Partnership use of geographic information system technology. The design focused on the collection, management, and distribution of spatial data, maps, and internet mapping applications. A geographic information system library of over 100 spatial datasets and metadata links was assembled on the basis of the results of the needs assessment survey. Implementation options were presented, and the Geographic Information System Planning Committee offered recommendations for the management and distribution of spatial data belonging to Onondaga Lake Partnership members. The Onondaga Lake Partnership now has a strong foundation for building a comprehensive geographic information system for the Onondaga Lake watershed. The successful implementation of a geographic information system depends on the Onondaga Lake Partnership’s determination of: (1) the design and plan for a geographic information system, including the applications and spatial data that will be provided and to whom, (2) the level of geographic information system technology to be utilized and funded, and (3) the institutional issues of operation and maintenance of the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Freehafer, D.A., and Pierson, O., 2004, Onondaga Lake Watershed – A Geographic Information System Project Phase I – Needs assessment and spatial data framework: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1259, iv, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041259.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323378,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1259/ofr20041259.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1259"},{"id":191790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1259/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
We present pollen evidence documenting the response of sawgrass ridge and slough systems of the Florida Everglades to hydrologic changes during the last 3,500 years. Sediment cores and surface samples were collected in three transects across sawgrass ridges and sloughs in Water Conservation Area 3A to determine the age of the features, long-term variability in plant community composition, stability of sawgrass ridge and slough size, and their response to 20th century changes in hydrology. Statistically significant differences in abundance of Cladium pollen in surface samples collected throughout the system allow differentiation of these communities in the sedimentary pollen record. Analysis of pollen in cores from the three transects indicates that the general distribution of ridges and sloughs has remained distinct through time. There is evidence the vegetation has responded to past global-scale climate events, such as the Medieval Warm Period, as well as the 20th century anthropogenic alterations to the natural hydrology. The ridge community is more responsive and susceptible to perturbations in hydrology than the slough community. In contrast, the slough plant community is more stable and less likely to demonstrate long-term changes after perturbations to hydrology. Regardless, these data indicate that the ridge and slough landscape is resilient to changes in hydrology and posses the potential to return to a natural state with the return of natural hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041448","usgsCitation":"Anthropogenic and natural variation in ridge and slough pollen assemblages; 2004; OFR; 2004-1448; Bernhardt, C. E.; Willard, D. A.; Marot, M.; Holmes, C. W.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1448/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":7101,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1448/ofr2004-1448.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1448"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"EVerglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.80673570366878,\n 26.675326020536033\n ],\n [\n -81.80673570366878,\n 25.146366253936478\n ],\n [\n -80.04112884281307,\n 25.146366253936478\n ],\n [\n -80.04112884281307,\n 26.675326020536033\n ],\n [\n -81.80673570366878,\n 26.675326020536033\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Advanced borehole-geophysical techniques were used to assess the geohydrology of crystalline bedrock in 20 boreholes on the southern part of Manhattan Island, N.Y., in preparation for construction of a third water tunnel for New York City. The borehole-logging techniques included natural gamma, single-point resistance, short-normal resistivity, mechanical and acoustic caliper, magnetic susceptibility, borehole-fluid temperature and resistivity, borehole-fluid specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, redox, heatpulse flowmeter (at selected boreholes), borehole deviation, acoustic and optical televiewer, and borehole radar (at selected boreholes). Hydraulic head and specific-capacity test data were collected from 29 boreholes. The boreholes penetrated gneiss, schist, and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest to northwest-dipping foliation. Most of the fractures penetrated are nearly horizontal or have moderate- to high-angle northwest or eastward dip azimuths. Foliation dip within the potential tunnel-construction zone is northwestward and southeastward in the proposed North Water-Tunnel, northwestward to southwestward in the proposed Midtown Water-Tunnel, and northwestward to westward dipping in the proposed South Water-Tunnel. Fracture population dip azimuths are variable. Heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under pumping and nonpumping (ambient) conditions, together with other geophysical logs, indicate transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. The 60-megahertz directional borehole-radar logs delineated the location and orientation of several radar reflectors that did not intersect the projection of the borehole.
Fracture indexes range from 0.12 to 0.93 fractures per foot of borehole. Analysis of specific-capacity tests from each borehole indicated that transmissivity ranges from 2 to 459 feet squared per day; the highest transmissivity is at the Midtown Water-Tunnel borehole (E35ST-D).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., and Monti, J., 2004, Delineation of faults, fractures, foliation, and ground-water-flow zones in fractured-rock, on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through use of advanced borehole-geophysical techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1232, viii, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041232.","productDescription":"viii, 212 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1232/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323372,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1232/ofr20041232.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1232"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Ground water is the primary source of water for domestic, public-supply, and industrial use within the Tri-County region that includes Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties in Michigan. Because of the importance of this ground-water resource, numerous communities, including the city of Mason in Ingham County, have begun local Wellhead Protection Programs. In these programs, communities protect their groundwater resource by identifying the areas that contribute water to production wells and potential sources of contamination, and by developing methods to manage and minimize threats to the water supply. In addition, some communities in Michigan are concerned about water availability, particularly in areas experiencing water-level declines in the vicinity of quarry dewatering operations. In areas where Wellhead Protection Programs are implemented and there are potential threats to the water supply, residents and communities need adequate information to protect the water supply.
In 1996, a regional ground-water-flow model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to simulate ground-water flow in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties. This model was developed primarily to simulate the bedrock ground-waterflow system; ground-water flow in the unconsolidated glacial sediments was simulated to support analysis of flow in the underlying bedrock Saginaw aquifer. Since its development in 1996, regional model simulations have been conducted to address protection concerns and water availability questions of local water-resources managers. As a result of these continuing model simulations, additional hydrogeologic data have been acquired in the Tri-County region that has improved the characterization of the simulated ground-water-flow system and improved the model calibration. A major benefit of these updates and refinements is that the regional Tri-County model continues to be a useful tool that improves the understanding of the ground-water-flow system in the Tri-County region, provides local water-resources managers with a means to answer ground-water protection and availability questions, and serves as an example that can be applied in other areas of the state.
A refined version of the 1996 Tri-County regional ground-water-flow model, developed in 1997, was modified with local hydrogeologic information in the Vevay Township area in Michigan. This model, updated in 2003 for this study, was used to simulate ground-water flow to address groundwater protection and availability questions in Vevay Township. The 2003 model included refinement of glacial and bedrock hydraulic characteristics, better representation of the degree of connection between the glacial deposits and the underlying Saginaw aquifer, and refinement of the model cell size.
The 2003 model was used to simulate regional groundwater flow, to delineate areas contributing recharge and zones of contribution to production wells in the city of Mason, and to simulate the effects of present and possible future withdrawals. The areal extent of the 10- and 40-year areas contributing recharge and the zones of contribution for the city of Mason's production wells encompass about 2.3 and 6.2 square miles, respectively. Simulation results, where withdrawals for quarry operations were represented by one well pumping at 1.6 million gallons per day, indicate that water levels would decline slightly over 1 foot approximately 2 miles from the quarry in the glacial deposits and in the Saginaw aquifer. With a reduction of the local riverbed conductance or removal of local river model cells representing Mud Creek, water-level declines would extend further west of Mud Creek and further to the north, east, and south of the simulated quarry. Simulation results indicate that water withdrawn for quarry dewatering operations would decrease ground-water recharge to nearby Mud Creek, would increase ground-water discharge from Mud Creek, and that local water levels would be lowered as a result.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041270","usgsCitation":"Luukkonen, C.L., and Simard, A., 2004, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Vevay Township area, Ingham County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1270, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041270.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Ingham County","otherGeospatial":"Vevay Township Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.1593,42.7779],[-84.1519,42.685],[-84.146,42.5999],[-84.1402,42.4239],[-84.2539,42.4236],[-84.2607,42.4242],[-84.3676,42.4242],[-84.3677,42.4224],[-84.4864,42.4215],[-84.6026,42.4215],[-84.6039,42.5092],[-84.6034,42.5965],[-84.6062,42.7693],[-84.4856,42.7702],[-84.3657,42.7701],[-84.3649,42.7746],[-84.1593,42.7779]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ingham\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f276e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simard, Andreanne","contributorId":34180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simard","given":"Andreanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70863,"text":"sir20045291 - 2004 - Effects of Abandoned Coal-Mine Drainage on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Mahanoy Creek Basin, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T10:31:22","indexId":"sir20045291","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5291","title":"Effects of Abandoned Coal-Mine Drainage on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Mahanoy Creek Basin, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, 2001","docAbstract":"This report assesses the contaminant loading, effects to receiving streams, and possible remedial alternatives for abandoned mine drainage (AMD) within the Mahanoy Creek Basin in east-central Pennsylvania. The Mahanoy Creek Basin encompasses an area of 157 square miles (407 square kilometers) including approximately 42 square miles (109 square kilometers) underlain by the Western Middle Anthracite Field. As a result of more than 150 years of anthracite mining in the basin, ground water, surface water, and streambed sediments have been adversely affected. Leakage from streams to underground mines and elevated concentrations (above background levels) of acidity, metals, and sulfate in the AMD from flooded underground mines and (or) unreclaimed culm (waste rock) degrade the aquatic ecosystem and impair uses of the main stem of Mahanoy Creek from its headwaters to its mouth on the Susquehanna River. Various tributaries also are affected, including North Mahanoy Creek, Waste House Run, Shenandoah Creek, Zerbe Run, and two unnamed tributaries locally called Big Mine Run and Big Run. The Little Mahanoy Creek and Schwaben Creek are the only major tributaries not affected by mining. To assess the current hydrological and chemical characteristics of the AMD and its effect on receiving streams, and to identify possible remedial alternatives, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study in 2001, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the Schuylkill Conservation District.\r\n\r\nAquatic ecological surveys were conducted by the USGS at five stream sites during low base-flow conditions in October 2001. Twenty species of fish were identified in Schwaben Creek near Red Cross, which drains an unmined area of 22.7 square miles (58.8 square kilometers) in the lower part of the Mahanoy Creek Basin. In contrast, 14 species of fish were identified in Mahanoy Creek near its mouth at Kneass, below Schwaben Creek. The diversity and abundance of fish species in Mahanoy Creek decreased progressively upstream from 13 species at Gowen City to only 2 species each at Ashland and Girardville. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni), a pollution-tolerant species, was present at each of the surveyed reaches. The presence of fish at Girardville was unexpected because of the poor water quality and iron-encrusted streambed at this location. Generally, macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance at these sites were diminished compared to Schwaben Creek and other tributaries draining unmined basins, consistent with the observed quality of streamwater and streambed sediment.\r\n\r\nData on the flow rate and chemistry for 35 AMD sources and 31 stream sites throughout the Mahanoy Creek Basin were collected by the USGS during high base-flow conditions in March 2001 and low base-flow conditions in August 2001. A majority of the base-flow streamwater samples met water-quality standards for pH (6.0 to 9.0); however, few samples downstream from AMD sources met criteria for acidity less than alkalinity (net alkalinity = 20 milligrams per liter as CaCO3) and concentrations of dissolved iron (0.3 milligram per liter) and total manganese (1.0 milligram per liter). Iron, aluminum, and various trace elements including cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, were present in many streamwater samples at concentrations at which continuous exposure can not be tolerated by aquatic organisms without an unacceptable effect. Furthermore, concentrations of sulfate, iron, manganese, aluminum, and (or) beryllium in some samples exceeded drinking-water standards. Other trace elements, including antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, selenium, silver, and thallium, did not exceed water-quality criteria for protection of aquatic organisms or human health. Nevertheless, when considered together, concentrations of iron, manganese, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in a majority of the streambed sediment samples from Mahanoy Creek and ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Schuylkill Conservation District and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., 2004, Effects of Abandoned Coal-Mine Drainage on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Mahanoy Creek Basin, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5291, Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045291.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10549,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.91666666666667,40.5 ], [ -76.91666666666667,41 ], [ -76,41 ], [ -76,40.5 ], [ -76.91666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62526f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70851,"text":"fs20043048 - 2004 - Michigan lakes: An assessment of water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:55:15","indexId":"fs20043048","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3048","title":"Michigan lakes: An assessment of water quality","docAbstract":"Michigan has more than 11,000 inland lakes, that provide countless recreational opportunities and are an important resource that makes tourism and recreation a $15-billion-dollar per-year industry in the State (Stynes, 2002). Knowledge of the water-quality characteristics of inland lakes is essential for the current and future management of these resources.
Historically the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) jointly have monitored water quality in Michigan's lakes and rivers. During the 1990's, however, funding for surface-water-quality monitoring was reduced greatly. In 1998, the citizens of Michigan passed the Clean Michigan Initiative to clean up, protect, and enhance Michigan's environmental infrastructure. Because of expanding water-quality-data needs, the MDEQ and the USGS jointly redesigned and implemented the Lake Water-Quality Assessment (LWQA) Monitoring Program (Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, 1997).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043048","usgsCitation":"Minnerick, R., 2004, Michigan lakes: An assessment of water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043048.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3048.jpg"},{"id":6484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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hydraulic-conductivity data obtained from slug tests completed in the alluvial aquifer underlying Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas, during October 2002 and August 2003 and summarizes previously available hydraulic-conductivity data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, completed 30 slug tests in October 2002 and August 2003 to obtain estimates of horizontal hydraulic conductivity to use as initial values in a ground-water-flow model for the site. The tests were done by placing a polyvinyl-chloride slug of known volume beneath the water level in selected wells, removing the slug, and measuring the resulting water-level recovery over time. The water levels were measured with a pressure transducer and recorded with a data logger. Hydraulic-conductivity values were estimated from an analytical relation between the instantaneous displacement of water in a well bore and the resulting rate of head change. Although nearly two-thirds of the tested wells recovered 90 percent of their slug-induced head change in less than 2 minutes, 90-percent recovery times ranged from 3 seconds to 35 minutes. The estimates of hydraulic conductivity range from 0.2 to 200 feet per day. Eighty-three percent of the estimates are between 1 and 100 feet per day.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/sir20045225","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Houston, N.A., and Braun, C.L., 2004, Analyses and estimates of hydraulic conductivity from slug tests in alluvial aquifer underlying Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5225, Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 26.00 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045225.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 26.00 x 24.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73752.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045225.JPG"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.444444,\n 32.791667\n ],\n [\n -97.444444,\n 32.752778\n ],\n [\n -97.395833,\n 32.752778\n ],\n [\n -97.395833,\n 32.791667\n ],\n [\n -97.444444,\n 32.791667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70622,"text":"cir1277 - 2004 - Strategic plan for the U.S. Geological Survey status and trends of Biological Resources Program: 2004-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:39:53","indexId":"cir1277","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1277","title":"Strategic plan for the U.S. Geological Survey status and trends of Biological Resources Program: 2004-2009","docAbstract":"The mission of the USGS Status and Trends of Biological Resources Program is to measure, predict, assess, and report the status and trends of the Nation's biological resources to facilitate research, enable resource management and stewardship, and promote public understanding and appreciation of our living resources. Determining the status (abundance, distribution, productivity, and health) and trends (how these variables change over time) of our living natural resources is critical for their Trumpeter swan with numbered wing tags. This tech- protection or restoration. The Progg ran nique allows birds to he monitored remotely without the provides the USGS, other agencies of need for recapture to identify individuals. Photo by the Department of the Interior (DOI), Wayne Miller. other federal and state agencies, and the public with science-based monitoring data and information for local, regional, and national assessment of biological resources and the ecosystems that support them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1277","isbn":"9790607962870","usgsCitation":"Dresler, P.V., James, D.L., Geissler, P.H., Bartish, T.M., and Coyle, J., 2004, Strategic plan for the U.S. Geological Survey status and trends of Biological Resources Program: 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1277, vii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1277.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11532,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b157b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dresler, Paul V.","contributorId":48600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Daniel L.","contributorId":93987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, Paul H.","contributorId":33746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartish, Timothy M.","contributorId":22839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coyle, James","contributorId":75956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyle","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}