{"pageNumber":"983","pageRowStart":"24550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46904,"records":[{"id":1015088,"text":"1015088 - 2005 - Software Review: A program for testing capture-recapture data for closure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:38:52","indexId":"1015088","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Software Review: A program for testing capture-recapture data for closure","docAbstract":"

Capture-recapture methods are widely used to estimate population parameters of free-ranging animals. Closed-population capture-recapture models, which assume there are no additions to or losses from the population over the period of study (i.e., the closure assumption), are preferred for population estimation over the open-population models, which do not assume closure, because heterogeneity in detection probabilities can be accounted for and this improves estimates. In this paper we introduce CloseTest, a new Microsoft® Windows-based program that computes the Otis et al. (1978) and Stanley and Burnham (1999) closure tests for capture-recapture data sets. Information on CloseTest features and where to obtain the program are provided.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[782:SRAPFT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Richards, J.D., 2005, Software Review: A program for testing capture-recapture data for closure: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 2, p. 782-785, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[782:SRAPFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[782:srapft]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edcc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Jon D.","contributorId":181580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015091,"text":"1015091 - 2005 - Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:54:24","indexId":"1015091","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape","docAbstract":"

Most current conservation literature focuses on the preservation of hotspots of species diversity and endemism, as if the two were geographically synonymous. At landscape scales this may not be the case. We collected data from 367 1000-m2 plots in the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA, to show that: (1) the vast majority of plant species are locally rare; (2) species-rich areas are generally in rare, mesic, or high-elevation habitats such as aspen stands or riparian zones high in soil N and P; (3) endemic species (to the Colorado Plateau and the Monument) were generally found in relatively species-rich, but low-elevation, xeric vegetation type areas low in soil P; (4) unique species assemblages were found in areas moderately high in endemism and species richness; and (5) nonnative plant species were widely distributed, but more prevalent in species-rich, mesic sites high in soil fertility or disturbed sites, and significantly less prevalent in plots with endemic species. We show that primary hotspots of species richness, high endemism, and unique species assemblages are not co-located on the landscape. Hence, conservation strategies may have to consider a much broader concept of “hotspots” to adequately preserve native plant species and the processes that foster persistence.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5352","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Guenther, D., Evangelista, P., and Alley, N., 2005, Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 2, p. 715-725, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5352.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"725","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guenther, D.A.","contributorId":41379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenther","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alley, N.","contributorId":86723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016376,"text":"1016376 - 2005 - Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:01:06","indexId":"1016376","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","docAbstract":"

Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m × 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by scat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will vary with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors.

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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landau, Fred","contributorId":93867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landau","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, S.D.","contributorId":49749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016396,"text":"1016396 - 2005 - Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T20:27:46.8287","indexId":"1016396","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","docAbstract":"

To evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure and possible adverse effects of Hg on American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) reproduction, we collected eggs and nestling feathers and the larval/nymph form of three Orders of aquatic macroinvertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera = EPT) important in their diet from three major headwater tributaries of the upper Willamette River, Oregon in 2002. The Coast Fork Willamette River is contaminated with Hg due to historical cinnabar (HgS) mining at the Black Butte Mine; the Row River is affected by past gold-mining operations located within the Bohemia Mining District, where Hg was used in the amalgamation process to recover gold; and the Middle Fork Willamette River is the reference area with no known mining. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations (geometric mean) in composite EPT larvae (111.9 ng/g dry weight [dw] or 19.8 ng/g wet weight [ww]), dipper eggs (38.5 ng/g ww) and nestling feathers (1158 ng/g ww) collected from the Coast Fork Willamette were significantly higher than MeHg concentrations in EPT and dipper samples from other streams. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in surface sediments along the same Hg-impacted streams were investigated by others in 1999 (Row River tributaries) and 2002 (Coast Fork). The reported sediment THg concentrations paralleled our biological findings. Dipper breeding territories at higher elevations had fewer second clutches; however, dipper reproductive success along all streams (including the lower elevation and most Hg-contaminated Coast Fork), was judged excellent compared to other studies reviewed. Furthermore, MeHg concentrations in EPT samples from this study were well below dietary concentrations in other aquatic bird species, such as loons and ducks, reported to cause Hg-related reproductive problems. Our data suggest that either dipper feathers or EPT composites used to project MeHg concentrations in dipper feathers (with biomagnification factor of 10–20×) may be used, but with caution, to screen headwater streams for potential Hg-related effects on dippers. When actual feather concentrations or projected feather concentrations are equal to or lower than concentrations reported for the Coast Fork, dippers are expected to reproduce well (assuming adequate prey and suitable nest sites). When Hg concentrations are substantially higher, more detailed investigations may be required. Birds feeding almost exclusively on fish (e.g., osprey [Pandion haliaetus]) and usually found further downstream from the headwaters would not be adequately represented by dippers given the higher MeHg concentrations in fish resulting from biomagnification, compared to lower trophic level invertebrates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Packard, H.A., Grove, R.A., and Taft, M.R., 2005, Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites: Ecotoxicology, v. 14, no. 7, p. 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packard, Heidi A.","contributorId":31727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taft, Mike R.","contributorId":17959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016397,"text":"1016397 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:47:06","indexId":"1016397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","docAbstract":"

An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia–Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macrodactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa), two species (T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. Ambystoma macrodactylum showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of A. macrodactylum increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for P. regilla in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Hossack, B., Knapp, R., Corn, P., Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P., and Fagre, D., 2005, Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 488-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Olympic National Park, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -118.85009765625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -113.521728515625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 48.636538782610465\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 48.00094957553023\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 47.19344533938295\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -113.36242675781249,\n 47.08882558740757\n ],\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, R.A.","contributorId":87510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trenham, P.C.","contributorId":13197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trenham","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1016385,"text":"1016385 - 2005 - A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016385","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3214,"text":"The Quarterly Review of Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity","docAbstract":"Predictive models of plant diversity have typically focused on either a landscapea??s capacity for richness (equilibrium models), or on the processes that regulate competitive exclusion, and thus allow species to coexist (nonequilibrium models). Here, we review the concepts and purposes of a hierarchical, multiscale model of the controls of plant diversity that incorporates the equilibrium model of climatic favorability at macroscales, nonequilibrium models of competition at microscales, and a mixed model emphasizing environmental heterogeneity at mesoscales.\r\n\r\nWe evaluate the conceptual model using published data from three spatially nested datasets: (1) a macroscale analysis of ecoregions in the continental and western U.S.; (2) a mesoscale study in California; and (3) a microscale study in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon and California. At the macroscale (areas from 3889 km2 to 638,300 km2), climate (actual evaporation) was a strong predictor of tree diversity (R2 = 0.80), as predicted by the conceptual model, but area was a better predictor for vascular plant diversity overall (R2 = 0.38), which suggests different types of plants differ in their sensitivity to climatic controls. At mesoscales (areas from 1111 km2 to 15,833 km2 ), climate was still an important predictor of richness (R2 = 0.52), but, as expected, topographic heterogeneity explained an important share of the variance (R2 = 0.19), showed positive correlations with diversity of trees, shrubs, and annual and perennial herbs, and was the primary predictor of shrub and annual plant species richness. At microscales (0.1 ha plots), spatial patterns of diversity showed a clear unimodal pattern along a climatea??driven productivity gradient and a negative relationship with soil fertility. The strong decline in understory and total diversity at the most productive sites suggests that competitive controls, as predicted, can override climatic controls at this scale.\r\n\r\nWe conclude that this hierarchical, multiscale model provides a sound basis to understand and analyze plant species diversity. Specifically, future research should employ the principles in this paper to explore climatic controls on species richness of different life forms, better quantify environmental heterogeneity in landscapes, and analyze how these largea??scale factors interact with local nonequilibrium dynamics to maintain plant diversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quarterly Review of Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sarr, D., Hibbs, D., and Huston, M., 2005, A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity: The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 187-212.","productDescription":"p. 187-212","startPage":"187","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarr, Daniel","contributorId":71148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarr","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hibbs, D.E.","contributorId":12435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, M.","contributorId":58612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186644,"text":"70186644 - 2005 - Introduction to the handbook","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186644,"text":"70186644 - 2005 - Introduction to the handbook","indexId":"70186644","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to the handbook"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:17:11","indexId":"70186644","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to the handbook","docAbstract":"

In September of 1802, Pierre Simon Laplace (1749–1827) used a capture– recapture type of approach to estimate the size of the human population of France (Cochran 1978; Stigler 1986). At that time, live births were recorded for all of France on an annual basis. In the year prior to September 1802, Laplace estimated the number of such births to be approximately X = 1,000,000. These newly born individuals constituted a marked population. Laplace then obtained census and live birth data from several communities “with zealous and intelligent mayors” across all of France. Recognizing some variation in annual birth rates, Laplace summed the number of births reported in these sample communities for the three years leading up to the time of his estimate, and divided by three to determine that there were x = 71,866 births per year (marked individuals) in those communities.  The ratio of these marked individuals to the total number of individuals in the sampled communities, y = 2,037,615, was then the estimate

p = 71,866/2,037,615 = 0.0353

of the proportion of the total population in France that was newly born. On this basis, the one million marked individuals in the whole of France is related to the total population N as 

Np ≈ 1,000,000

so that

N ≈ 1,000,000/0.0353 =28,328,612

This estimation procedure is equivalent to the Lincoln-Peterson capture-recapture estimator described in chapter 2.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","publisherLocation":"Princeton, NJ","isbn":"9781400837717","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., McDonald, T.L., and Amstrup, S.C., 2005, Introduction to the handbook, chap. 1 of Handbook of capture-recapture analysis, p. 1-21.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/titles/8109.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75402e4b09da6799c0c6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016398,"text":"1016398 - 2005 - Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:44:29","indexId":"1016398","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks","docAbstract":"

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky Mountain (Rocky), and Sequoia/Kings Canyon (Sequoia). Estimates were made using ground-based UV-B data (Brewer spectrophotometers), solar radiation models, GIS tools, field characterization of vegetative features, and quantification of DOC concentration and spectral absorbance. UV-B dose estimates were made for the summer solstice, at a depth of 1 cm in each wetland. The mean dose across all wetlands and parks was 19.3 W-h m−2 (range of 3.4–32.1 W-h m−2). The mean dose was lowest in Acadia (13.7 W-h m−2) and highest in Rocky (24.4 W-h m−2). Doses were significantly different among all parks. These wetland doses correspond to UV-B flux of 125.0 μW cm−2 (range 21.4–194.7 μW cm−2) based on a day length, averaged among all parks, of 15.5 h. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a key determinant of water-column UV-B flux, ranged from 0.6 (analytical detection limit) to 36.7 mg C L−1 over all wetlands and parks, and reduced potential maximal UV-B doses at 1-cm depth by 1%–87 %. DOC concentration, as well as its effect on dose, was lowest in Sequoia and highest in Acadia (DOC was equivalent in Acadia, Glacier, and Rocky). Landscape reduction of potential maximal UV-B doses ranged from zero to 77% and was lowest in Sequoia. These regional differences in UV-B wetland dose illustrate the importance of considering all aspects of exposure in evaluating the potential impact of UV-B on aquatic organisms.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0030-6","usgsCitation":"Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P., Adams, M.J., Hossack, B., Knapp, R., Stark, L., Bradford, D., Corn, P., Czarnowski, K., Brooks, P.D., Fagre, D., Breen, B., Dentenbeck, N., and Tonnessen, K., 2005, Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 462-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0030-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park, Glacier 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D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Breen, B.","contributorId":15169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dentenbeck, N.E.","contributorId":72773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dentenbeck","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.","contributorId":77903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70029420,"text":"70029420 - 2005 - Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:02:28","indexId":"70029420","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","docAbstract":"

n investigation of a childhood leukemia cluster by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that residents of the Carson Desert, Nevada, are exposed to high levels of W and this prompted an investigation of W in aquifers used as drinking water sources. Tungsten concentrations in 100 ground water samples from all aquifers used as drinking water sources in the area ranged from 0.27 to 742 μg/l. Ground water in which W concentrations exceed 50 μg/l principally occurs SE of Fallon in a geothermal area. The principal sources of W in ground water are natural and include erosion of W-bearing mineral deposits in the Carson River watershed upstream of Fallon, and, possibly, upwelling geothermal waters. Ground water in the Fallon area is strongly reducing and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides may be releasing W; however, direct evidence that the metal oxides contain W is not available.

Although W and Cl concentrations in the Carson River, a lake, and water from many wells, appear to be controlled by evaporative concentration, evaporation alone cannot explain the elevated W concentrations found in water from some of the wells. Concentrations of W exceeding 50 μg/l are exclusively associated with Na&#x2013;HCO3\">Na–HCO3 and Na–Cl water types and pH > 8.0; in these waters, geochemical modeling indicates that W exhibits <10% adsorption. Tungsten concentrations are strongly and positively correlated with As, B, F, and P, indicating either common sources or common processes controlling their concentrations. Geochemical modeling indicates W concentrations are consistent with pH-controlled adsorption of W.

The geochemical model PHREEQC was used to calculate IAP values, which were compared with published Ksp values for primary W minerals. FeWO4, MnWO4, Na2WO4, and MgWO4 were undersaturated and CaWO4 and SrWO4were approaching saturation. These conclusions are tentative because of uncertainty in the thermodynamic data.

The similar behavior of As and W observed in this study suggests ground water in areas where elevated As concentrations are present also may contain elevated W concentrations, particularly if there is a mineral or geothermal source of W and reducing conditions develop in the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., Stollenwerk, K., and Garbarino, J., 2005, Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 423-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Desert ","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec0e4b0c8380cd535e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, K.G.","contributorId":71199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029696,"text":"70029696 - 2005 - Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:19:11","indexId":"70029696","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA)","docAbstract":"

Seismic surveys in the eastern Albemarle Sound, adjacent tributaries and the inner continental shelf define the regional geologic framework and provide insight into the sedimentary evolution of the northern North Carolina coastal system. Litho- and chronostratigraphic data are derived from eight drill sites on the Outer Banks barrier islands, and the Mobil #1 well in eastern Albemarle Sound. Within the study area, parallel-bedded, gently dipping Miocene beds occur at 95 to > 160 m below sea level (m bsl), and are overlain by a southward-thickening Pliocene unit characterized by steeply inclined, southward-prograding beds. The lower Pliocene unit consists of three seismic sequences. The 55–60 m thick Quaternary section unconformably overlies the Pliocene unit, and consists of 18 seismic sequences exhibiting numerous incised channel-fill facies. Shallow stratigraphy (< 40 m bsl) is dominated by complex fill patterns within the incised paleo-Roanoke River valley. Radiocarbon and amino-acid racemization (AAR) ages indicate that the valley-fill is latest Pleistocene to Holocene in age. At least six distinct valley-fill units are identified in the seismic data. Cores in the valley-fill contain a 3–6 m thick basal fluvial channel deposit that is overlain by a 15 m thick unit of interlaminated muds and sands of brackish water origin that exhibit increasing marine influence upwards. Organic materials within the interlaminated deposits have ages of 13–11 cal. ka. The interlaminated deposits within the valley are overlain by several units that comprise shallow marine sediments (bay-mouth and shoreface environments) that consist of silty, fine- to medium-grained sands containing open neritic foraminifera, suggesting that this area lacked a fronting barrier island system and was an open embayment from ∼10 ka to ∼4.5 ka. Seismic data show that initial infilling of the paleo-Roanoke River valley occurred from the north and west during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Later infilling occurred from the south and east and is characterized by a large shoal body (Colington Island and Shoals) and adjacent inlet fill. Establishment of a continuous barrier island system across the bay-mouth resulted in deposition of the latest phase of valley-fill, characterized by estuarine organic-rich muds.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.030","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Mallinson, D., Riggs, S., Thieler, E., Culver, S., Farrell, K., Foster, D., Corbett, D., Horton, B., and Wehmiller, J., 2005, Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA): Marine Geology, v. 217, no. 1-2, p. 97-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.030.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -75.025634765625,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -75.025634765625,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 34.45221847282654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"217","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f7e4b0c8380cd66f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallinson, D.","contributorId":93686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, S.","contributorId":104710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culver, S.","contributorId":30450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farrell, K.","contributorId":95688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corbett, D.R.","contributorId":73791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Horton, B.","contributorId":25341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029525,"text":"70029525 - 2005 - Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T07:23:57","indexId":"70029525","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":671,"text":"African Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa","docAbstract":"The herbicide atrazine has been suggested to cause gonadal deformities in frogs and could possibly impact on reproduction. Since the early 1960s, atrazine has been used in large amounts in maize production areas of South Africa. These areas overlap with populations of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) that has a wide distribution in southern Africa and is found in most water-bodies including those where atrazine residues are detected. The aim of this study was to compare various attributes of individual- and population-level responses of X. laevis from maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Xenopus laevis were studied in three reference and five maize-growing sites. Sex ratio, snout-vent length, body-mass and age profiles were found to be similar for populations in maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Our mark-recapture data indicated that all sites had robust populations. There were no significant relationships between exposure to atrazine and any of the parameters investigated in populations of X. laevis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"African Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518","issn":"04416651","usgsCitation":"Du Preez, L., Solomon, K., Carr, J., Giesy, J., Gross, T., Kendall, R., Smith, E., Van Der Kraak, G.L., and Weldon, C., 2005, Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa: African Journal of Herpetology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 61-68, https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268092,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2005.9635518"},{"id":237567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7da1e4b0c8380cd7a07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Preez, L.H.","contributorId":88552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Preez","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, K.R.","contributorId":45432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, J.A.","contributorId":106692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, R.J.","contributorId":38768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, E.E.","contributorId":47154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Der Kraak, G. L.","contributorId":62401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Kraak","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weldon, C.","contributorId":93267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029516,"text":"70029516 - 2005 - Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:54:19","indexId":"70029516","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data","docAbstract":"

This paper presents an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator (AMLE) that can be used to estimate fluvial transport of contaminants, like phosphorus, that are subject to censoring because of analytical detection limits. The AMLE is a generalization of the widely accepted minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and Monte Carlo experiments confirm that it shares essentially all of the MVUE's desirable properties, including high efficiency and negligible bias. In particular, the AMLE exhibits substantially less bias than alternative censored‐data estimators such as the MLE (Tobit) or the MLE followed by a jackknife. As with the MLE and the MVUE the AMLE comes close to achieving the theoretical Frechet‐Cramér‐Rao bounds on its variance. This paper also presents a statistical framework, applicable to both censored and complete data, for understanding and estimating the components of uncertainty associated with load estimates. This can serve to lower the cost and improve the efficiency of both traditional and real‐time water quality monitoring.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003833","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., 2005, Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07003; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003833.","productDescription":"Article W07003; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003833","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b12e4b0c8380cd5255a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029344,"text":"70029344 - 2005 - Hypocenter locations in finite-source rupture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029344","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hypocenter locations in finite-source rupture models","docAbstract":"We use a database of more than 80 finite-source rupture models for more than 50 earthquakes (Mw, 4.1-8.1) with different faulting styles occurring in both tectonic and subduction environments to analyze the location of the hypocenter within the fault and to consider the correlation between hypocenter location and regions of large slip. Rupture in strike-slip and crustal dip-slip earthquakes tends to nucleate in the deeper sections of the fault; subduction earthquakes do not show this tendency. Ratios of the hypocentral slip to either the average or the maximum slip show that rupture can nucleate at locations with any level of relative displacement. Rupture nucleates in regions of very large slip (D ??? 2/3 Dmax,) in only 16% of the events, in regions of large slip (1/3 Dmax < D < 2/3 Dmax,) in 35% of the events, and in regions of low slip (D ??? 1/3 Dmax) in 48% of the events. These percentages significantly exceed the percentages of fault area with very large (???7%) and large (???28%) slip. Ruptures that nucleate in regions of low slip, however, tend to nucleate close to regions of large slip and encounter a zone of very large slip within half the total rupture length. Applying several statistical tests we conclude that hypocenters are not randomly located on a fault but are located either within or close to regions of large slip.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040111","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mai, P., Spudich, P., and Boatwright, J., 2005, Hypocenter locations in finite-source rupture models: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 3, p. 965-980, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040111.","startPage":"965","endPage":"980","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040111"}],"volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37bbe4b0c8380cd610f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029439,"text":"70029439 - 2005 - Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:51:29.484583","indexId":"70029439","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","docAbstract":"

Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety. Different species pose different levels of threat; thus, identification of the most hazardous species can help managers identify the level of hazard and prioritize mitigation efforts. Dolbeer et al. (2000) assessed the hazard posed by birds to civilian aircraft by analyzing data from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database to rank the hazardous species and species groups. A similar analysis has not been done for the military but would be useful and necessary. Military flight characteristics differ from those of civilian flights. During the period 1985–1998, birdstrikes cost the United States Air Force (USAF) an average of $35 million/year in damage. Using the USAF Birdstrike Database, we selected and evaluated each species or species group by the number of strikes recorded in each of 3 damage categories. We weighted damage categories to reflect extent and cost of damage. The USAF Birdstrike Database contained 25,519 records of wildlife strikes in the United States. During the period 1985–1998, 22 (mean = 1.6/year) Class-A birdstrikes (>$1,000,000 damage, loss of aircraft, loss of life, or permanent total disability) were sustained, accounting for 80% of total monetary losses caused by birds. Vultures (Cathartes aura, Coragyps atratus, Caracara cheriway) were ranked the most hazardous species group (Hazard Index Rank [HIR] = 127) to USAF aircraft, followed by geese (Branta canadensis, Chen caerulescens, HIR = 76), pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P. occidentalis, HIR = 47), and buteos (Buteo sp., HIR = 30). Of the smaller flocking birds, blackbirds and starlings (mostly Agelaius phoeniceus, Euphagus cyanocephalus, Molothrus ater, Sturnus vulgaris, HIR = 46), horned larks (Eremophila alpestris, HIR = 24), and swallows (Families Hirundinidae, Apodidae, HIR = 23) were species groups ranked highest. Coupling these results with local bird census data to adjust hazard rank indices to specific locations can facilitate hazard management and lead to meaningful reductions in hazards and costs associated with birdstrikes.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zakrajsek, E.J., and Bissonette, J.A., 2005, Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 258-264, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94b0e4b0c8380cd8156a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zakrajsek, E. J.","contributorId":94850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zakrajsek","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029530,"text":"70029530 - 2005 - Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:36:37","indexId":"70029530","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies","docAbstract":"Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in a seismogenic area in the Yanhuai Basin, China. This study used isotopic and hydrogeochemical methods to characterize ground water samples from six hot springs and two cold springs. The hydrochemical data and associated geological and geophysical data were used to identify possible relations between ground water circulation and seismically active structural features. The data for ??18O, ??D, tritium, and 14C indicate ground water from hot springs is of meteoric origin with subsurface residence times of 50 to 30,320 years. The reservoir temperature and circulation depths of the hot ground water are 57??C to 160??C and 1600 to 5000 m, respectively, as estimated by quartz and chalcedony geothermometers and the geothermal gradient. Various possible origins of noble gases dissolved in the ground water also were evaluated, indicating mantle and deep crust sources consistent with tectonically active segments. A hard intercalated stratum, where small to moderate earthquakes frequently originate, is present between a deep (10 to 20 km), high-electrical conductivity layer and the zone of active ground water circulation. The ground water anomalies are closely related to the structural peculiarity of each monitoring point. These results could have implications for ground water and seismic studies in other seismogenic areas. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0037.x","usgsCitation":"Guangcai, W., Zuochen, Z., Min, W., Cravotta, C., and Chenglong, L., 2005, Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 478-484, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0037.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Yanhuai Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.1204833984375,\n 39.33854604847979\n ],\n [\n 117.4603271484375,\n 39.33854604847979\n ],\n [\n 117.4603271484375,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n 114.1204833984375,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n 114.1204833984375,\n 39.33854604847979\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3925e4b0c8380cd61800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guangcai, W.","contributorId":98101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guangcai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuochen, Z.","contributorId":67713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuochen","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Min, W.","contributorId":25517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chenglong, L.","contributorId":52782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenglong","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029531,"text":"70029531 - 2005 - Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:47:57","indexId":"70029531","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"

We conducted a study during 2003 in a side channel of the Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam to describe the diel spawning behavior of wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. We collected observational data on 14 pairs of chum salmon using a dual-frequency identification sonar. Spawners of both genders were observed chasing intruders during nighttime and daytime as nests were constructed. Regardless of diel period, females were engaged in digging to both construct nests and cover eggs, and courting males exhibited the prespawning behavior of tail-crossing. We observed a total of 13 spawning events, of which 9 occurred at night and 4 occurred during the day. Once chum salmon begin nest construction, visual cues are apparently not required for courtship, nest defense, and spawning. To enhance successful spawning, flows from Bonneville Dam during the spawning season were reduced during the day but were sometimes increased at night to pass water and meet power demand (i.e., reverse loading), the assumption being that chum salmon are inactive at night. Our findings show that this assumption was violated. Therefore, reverse loading may disrupt the complex prespawning behavior that occurs both during the day and at night, as well as attract spawners to areas that were dewatered during the day.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T04-150.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Skalicky, J., 2005, Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 892-900, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-150.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"900","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-150.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c3e4b0c8380cd4f8e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalicky, J.J.","contributorId":59995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalicky","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029593,"text":"70029593 - 2005 - Water level dynamics in wetlands and nesting success of Black Terns in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T14:43:38.310776","indexId":"70029593","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water level dynamics in wetlands and nesting success of Black Terns in Maine","docAbstract":"

The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) nests in freshwater wetlands that are prone to water level fluctuations, and nest losses to flooding are common. We examined temporal patterns in water levels at six sites with Black Tern colonies in Maine and determined probabilities of flood events and associated nest loss at Douglas Pond, the location of the largest breeding colony. Daily precipitation data from weather stations and water flow data from a flow gauge below Douglas Pond were obtained for 1960-1999. Information on nest losses from three floods at Douglas Pond in 1997-1999 were used to characterize small (6% nest loss), medium (56% nest loss) and large (94% nest loss) flood events, and we calculated probabilities of these three levels of flooding occurring at Douglas Pond using historic water levels data. Water levels generally decreased gradually during the nesting season at colony sites, except at Douglas Pond where water levels fluctuated substantially in response to rain events. Annual probabilities of small, medium, and large flood events were 68%, 35%, and 13% for nests initiated during 23 May-12 July, with similar probabilities for early (23 May-12 June) and late (13 June-12 July) periods. An index of potential nest loss indicated that medium floods at Douglas Pond had the greatest potential effect on nest success because they occurred relatively frequently and inundated large proportions of nests. Nest losses at other colonies were estimated to be approximately 30% of those at Douglas Pond. Nest losses to flooding appear to be common for the Black Tern in Maine and related to spring precipitation patterns, but ultimate effects on breeding productivity are uncertain.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0181:WLDIWA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, A.T., and Servello, F.A., 2005, Water level dynamics in wetlands and nesting success of Black Terns in Maine: Waterbirds, v. 28, no. 2, p. 181-187, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0181:WLDIWA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Messalonskee Lake, Sebastiscook River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.80506896972656,\n 44.43672160879806\n ],\n [\n -69.76181030273438,\n 44.47495104782301\n ],\n [\n -69.77005004882812,\n 44.48621905301396\n ],\n [\n -69.70207214355469,\n 44.549377532663684\n ],\n [\n -69.71855163574217,\n 44.551824157594105\n ],\n [\n -69.79476928710938,\n 44.50091318061943\n ],\n [\n -69.82978820800781,\n 44.459270203098846\n ],\n [\n -69.83596801757812,\n 44.43819243462858\n ],\n [\n -69.80506896972656,\n 44.43672160879806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.46105957031249,\n 44.94681940731857\n ],\n [\n -69.33952331542969,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -69.16030883789062,\n 45.08709642547449\n ],\n [\n -69.20906066894531,\n 45.125866704733575\n ],\n [\n -69.46929931640624,\n 45.06042658364084\n ],\n [\n -69.59014892578125,\n 44.91668060637917\n ],\n [\n -69.39651489257812,\n 44.772574139128416\n ],\n [\n -69.33952331542969,\n 44.75307264365521\n ],\n [\n -69.31686401367188,\n 44.79304362450304\n ],\n [\n -69.46105957031249,\n 44.94681940731857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7f6e4b08c986b32c6f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew T.","contributorId":100974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servello, F. A.","contributorId":7804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servello","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001031,"text":"1001031 - 2005 - Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron and Superior, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:42:19","indexId":"1001031","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron and Superior, USA","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Service Great Lakes Science Center has archived rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) collected from the early 1980s to the present. These fish were collected to provide time- and site-dependent contaminant residue data needed by researchers and managers to fill critical data gaps regarding trends and behavior of persistent organic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In the present study, data are presented for concentrations of several organochlorine (OC) contaminants in the archived smelt, including DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, and chlordanes in Lakes Michigan and Huron (MI, USA) and in Lake Superior (MN, USA). The trends for all the OCs were declining as a first-order decay over the sampled time series (1983/1985–1993/1999) with the exception of toxaphene in Lake Superior and PCBs at the Charlevoix/Little Traverse Bay site in Lake Michigan. Concentration of the emerging contaminant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), also was traced from its apparent entry into this ecosystem in approximately 1980 until 1999. Time trends for the PBDEs were increasing exponentially at all sites, with concentration-doubling times varying from 1.58 to 2.94 years.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-390R.1","usgsCitation":"Chernyak, S.M., Rice, C.P., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., Hickey, J.P., and Vinyard, B.T., 2005, Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron and Superior, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1632-1641, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-390R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1632","endPage":"1641","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei M.","contributorId":98668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":310276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":310275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vinyard, Bryan T.","contributorId":18709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinyard","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029600,"text":"70029600 - 2005 - Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029600","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Analysis of in-situ-produced 10Be and 26Al in 52 fluvial sediment samples shows that millennial-scale rates of erosion vary widely (7 to 366 m Ma-1) through the lithologically and topographically complex Rio Puerco Basin of northern New Mexico. Using isotopic analysis of both headwater and downstream samples, we determined that the semi-arid, Rio Puerco Basin is eroding, on average, about 100 m Ma-1. This rapid rate of erosion is consistent with estimates made using other techniques and is likely to result from a combination of easily eroded lithologies, sparse vegetation, and monsoon-dominated rainfall. Data from 331 stream water samples collected by the US Geological Survey between 1960 and 1995 are consistent with basin-wide, average chemical denudation rates of only about 1??4 m Ma-1; thus, the erosion rates we calculate may be considered rates of sediment generation because physical weathering accounts for almost 99 per cent of mass loss. The isotopic data reveal that sediment is generally well mixed downstream with the area-weighted average sediment generation rate for 16 headwater samples (234 ton km-2 a-1 for basin area 170 to 1169 km2) matching well that estimated from a single sample collected far downstream (238 ton km-2 a-1, basin area = 14 225 km2). A series of 15 samples, collected from an arroyo wall and representing deposition through the late Holocene, indicates that 10Be concentration in sediment delivered by the fluvial system has not changed appreciably over the last 1200 years despite at least two cycles of arroyo cutting and filling. Other samples (n = 21) were collected along the drainage network. Rio Puerco erosion rates scale directly with a variety of metrics describing vegetation, precipitation, and rock erodibility. Using the headwater basins for calibration, the erosion rates for both the downstream samples and also the data set as a whole, are best modelled by considering a combination of relief and vegetation metrics, both of which co-vary with precipitation and erodibility as inferred from lithology. On average, contemporary sediment yields, determined by monitoring suspended-sediment discharge, exceed cosmogenically determined millennial-scale erosion rates by nearly a factor of two. This discrepancy, between short-term rates of sediment yield and long-term rates of erosion, suggests that more sediment is currently being exported from the basin than is being produced. Because the failure of incised channel walls and the head cutting of arroyo complexes appear to be the main sources of channel sediment today, this incongruence between rates of sediment supply and sediment yield is likely to be transitory, reflecting the current states of the arroyo cycle and perhaps the influence of current or past land-use patterns. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1255","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Bierman, P., Reuter, J., Pavich, M., Gellis, A., Caffee, M., and Larsen, J., 2005, Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, no. 8, p. 935-953, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255.","startPage":"935","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255"},{"id":237643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc041e4b08c986b32a003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierman, P.R.","contributorId":49145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reuter, J.M.","contributorId":91680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.","contributorId":58399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, J.","contributorId":74544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029348,"text":"70029348 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variability of the overall error of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements determined by the USGS collocated-sampler program, water years 1989-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029348","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of the overall error of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements determined by the USGS collocated-sampler program, water years 1989-2001","docAbstract":"Data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collocated-sampler program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) are used to estimate the overall error of NADP/NTN measurements. Absolute errors are estimated by comparison of paired measurements from collocated instruments. Spatial and temporal differences in absolute error were identified and are consistent with longitudinal distributions of NADP/NTN measurements and spatial differences in precipitation characteristics. The magnitude of error for calcium, magnesium, ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, specific conductance, and sample volume is of minor environmental significance to data users. Data collected after a 1994 sample-handling protocol change are prone to less absolute error than data collected prior to 1994. Absolute errors are smaller during non-winter months than during winter months for selected constituents at sites where frozen precipitation is common. Minimum resolvable differences are estimated for different regions of the USA to aid spatial and temporal watershed analyses.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.014","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G., Latysh, N., and Gordon, J., 2005, Spatial and temporal variability of the overall error of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements determined by the USGS collocated-sampler program, water years 1989-2001, in Environmental Pollution, v. 135, no. 3 SPEC. ISS., p. 407-418, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.014.","startPage":"407","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.014"},{"id":237665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9453e4b08c986b31a9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, G.A.","contributorId":46136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Latysh, N.E.","contributorId":97228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029690,"text":"70029690 - 2005 - Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029690","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information","docAbstract":"A methodology to estimate in-bank river discharge exclusively from remotely sensed hydraulic data is developed. Water-surface width and maximum channel width measured from 26 aerial and digital orthophotos of 17 single channel rivers and 41 SAR images of three braided rivers were coupled with channel slope data obtained from topographic maps to estimate the discharge. The standard error of the discharge estimates were within a factor of 1.5-2 (50-100%) of the observed, with the mean estimate accuracy within 10%. This level of accuracy was achieved using calibration functions developed from observed discharge. The calibration functions use reach specific geomorphic variables, the maximum channel width and the channel slope, to predict a correction factor. The calibration functions are related to channel type. Surface velocity and width information, obtained from a single C-band image obtained by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) AirSAR was also used to estimate discharge for a reach of the Missouri River. Without using a calibration function, the estimate accuracy was +72% of the observed discharge, which is within the expected range of uncertainty for the method. However, using the observed velocity to calibrate the initial estimate improved the estimate accuracy to within +10% of the observed. Remotely sensed discharge estimates with accuracies reported in this paper could be useful for regional or continental scale hydrologic studies, or in regions where ground-based data is lacking. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D., Moller, D., Smith, L., and Dingman, S., 2005, Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 309, no. 1-4, p. 191-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022.","startPage":"191","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022"},{"id":240201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b16e4b0c8380cd5256e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, D.M.","contributorId":68923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moller, D.","contributorId":47585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moller","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.C.","contributorId":88561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingman, S.L.","contributorId":46720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029685,"text":"70029685 - 2005 - Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T14:37:32","indexId":"70029685","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"We assessed the exposure of fish from the Spring and Neosho Rivers in northeast Oklahoma, USA, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in October 2001 from six sites on the Spring and Neosho Rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. Additional samples were obtained from the Big River, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern Missouri, USA, and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, and hemoglobin (Hb). Blood also was analyzed for ??-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. The activity of ALA-D, an enzyme involved in heme synthesis, is inhibited by Pb. Concentrations of Fe and Hb were highly correlated (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) across all species and locations and typically were greater in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) than in other taxa. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd typically were greatest in fish from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. The activity of ALA-D, but not concentrations of Hb or Fe, also differed significantly (p < 0.01) among sites and species. Enzyme activity was lowest in fish from mining-contaminated sites and greatest in reference fish, and was correlated negatively with Pb in most species. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear regression models that included negative terms for blood Pb explained as much as 68% of the total variation in ALA-D activity, but differences among taxa were highly evident. Positive correlations with Zn were documented in the combined data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), as has been reported for other taxa, but not in bass (Micropterus spp.) or carp. In channel catfish, ALA-D activity appeared to be more sensitive to blood Pb than in the other species investigated (i.e., threshold concentrations for inhibition were lower). Such among-species differences are consistent with previous studies. Enzyme activity was inhibited by more than 50% relative to reference sites in channel catfish from several TSMD sites. Collectively, our results indicate that Pb is both bioavailable and active biochemically in the Spring-Neosho River system. ?? 2005 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-332R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Whyte, J.J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Tillitt, D.E., 2005, Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1483-1495, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1495","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f142e4b0c8380cd4ab28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027587,"text":"70027587 - 2005 - Radar stage uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027587","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radar stage uncertainty","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the performance of radars used for stage (or water-level) measurement. This paper presents a comparison of estimated uncertainties and data for radar water-level measurements with float, bubbler, and wire weight water-level measurements. The radar sensor was also temperature-tested in a laboratory. The uncertainty estimates indicate that radar measurements are more accurate than uncorrected pressure sensors at higher water stages, but are less accurate than pressure sensors at low stages. Field data at two sites indicate that radar sensors may have a small negative bias. Comparison of field radar measurements with wire weight measurements found that the radar tends to measure slightly lower values as stage increases. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)434","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., and Davies, W., 2005, Radar stage uncertainty, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)434.","startPage":"434","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)434"},{"id":238198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9388e4b0c8380cd80e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, W.J.","contributorId":85223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016358,"text":"1016358 - 2005 - Conflicting patterns of genetic structure produced by nuclear and mitochondrial markers in the Oregon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti): implications for conservation efforts and species management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:43:06.436325","indexId":"1016358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Conflicting patterns of genetic structure produced by nuclear and mitochondrial markers in the Oregon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti): implications for conservation efforts and species management","title":"Conflicting patterns of genetic structure produced by nuclear and mitochondrial markers in the Oregon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti): implications for conservation efforts and species management","docAbstract":"

Endemic to Oregon in the northwestern US, the Oregon slender salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti) is a terrestrial plethodontid found associated with late successional mesic forests. Consequently, forest management practices such as timber harvesting may impact their persistence. Therefore, to infer possible future effects of these practices on population structure and differentiation, we used mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b) and RAPD markers to analyze 22 populations across their range. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data (774 bp) revealed two historical lineages corresponding to northern and southern-distributed populations. Relationships among haplotypes and haplotype diversity within lineages suggested that the northern region may have more recently been colonized compared to the southern region. In contrast to the mitochondrial data, analyses of 46 RAPD loci suggested an overall pattern of isolation-by-distance in the set of populations examined and no particularly strong clustering of populations based on genetic distances. We propose two non-exclusive hypotheses to account for discrepancies between mitochondrial and nuclear data sets. First, our data may reflect an overall ancestral pattern of isolation-by-distance that has subsequently been influenced by vicariance. Alternately, our analyses may suggest that male-mediated gene flow and female philopatry are important contributors to the pattern of genetic diversity. We discuss the importance of distinguishing between these two hypotheses for the purposes of identifying conservation units and note that, regardless of the relative contribution of each mechanism towards the observed pattern of diversity, protection of habitat will likely prove critical for the long-term persistence of this species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-004-7850-6","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Haig, S.M., and Wagner, R., 2005, Conflicting patterns of genetic structure produced by nuclear and mitochondrial markers in the Oregon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti): implications for conservation efforts and species management: Conservation Genetics, v. 6, no. 2, p. 275-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-004-7850-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark","contributorId":93457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R.S.","contributorId":57427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002967,"text":"1002967 - 2005 - Modelling habitat associations with fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) counts at multiple spatial scales using hierarchical count models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T19:39:04.600287","indexId":"1002967","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling habitat associations with fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) counts at multiple spatial scales using hierarchical count models","docAbstract":"

1. Macroinvertebrate count data often exhibit nested or hierarchical structure. Examples include multiple measurements along each of a set of streams, and multiple synoptic measurements from each of a set of ponds. With data exhibiting hierarchical structure, outcomes at both sampling (e.g. within stream) and aggregated (e.g. stream) scales are often of interest. Unfortunately, methods for modelling hierarchical count data have received little attention in the ecological literature.

2. We demonstrate the use of hierarchical count models using fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) count data and habitat predictors derived from sampling and aggregated spatial scales. The sampling scale corresponded to that of a standard Ponar grab (0.052 m2) and the aggregated scale to impounded and backwater regions within 38–197 km reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Impounded and backwater regions were resampled annually for 10 years. Consequently, measurements on clams were nested within years. Counts were treated as negative binomial random variates, and means from each resampling event as random departures from the impounded and backwater region grand means.

3. Clam models were improved by the addition of covariates that varied at both the sampling and regional scales. Substrate composition varied at the sampling scale and was associated with model improvements, and reductions (for a given mean) in variance at the sampling scale. Inorganic suspended solids (ISS) levels, measured in the summer preceding sampling, also yielded model improvements and were associated with reductions in variances at the regional rather than sampling scales. ISS levels were negatively associated with mean clam counts.

4. Hierarchical models allow hierarchically structured data to be modelled without ignoring information specific to levels of the hierarchy. In addition, information at each hierarchical level may be modelled as functions of covariates that themselves vary by and within levels. As a result, hierarchical models provide researchers and resource managers with a method for modelling hierarchical data that explicitly recognises both the sampling design and the information contained in the corresponding data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Haro, R.J., Rogala, J.T., and Sauer, J.S., 2005, Modelling habitat associations with fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) counts at multiple spatial scales using hierarchical count models: Freshwater Biology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 715-729, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"729","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -89.967041015625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -92.076416015625,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -92.911376953125,\n 44.91035917458495\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 44.73892994307368\n ],\n [\n -91.944580078125,\n 44.14279782818058\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -91.373291015625,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 42.633958722673135\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 41.89409955811395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Roger J.","contributorId":12813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-1563-1425 jsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1425","contributorId":609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Jennifer","email":"jsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}