In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and nine southeast Michigan counties, began a study of the factors controlling arsenic concentrations in drinking water. The early results of this study raised broader concerns in Oakland County about the quality of groundwater in general and drinking water in particular. In response to these concerns, Oakland County worked with the USGS and the Center for Applied Environmental Research at the University of Michigan – Flint (CAER) to study distributions of arsenic, nitrate, and chloride in groundwater, with emphasis on sites where concentrations of these constituents exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL’s) and Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL’s) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The maps produced for this report are based on historical data compiled from MDEQ records. This fact sheet is a revision of USGS Fact Sheet 135-98, “Arsenic, nitrate, and chloride in groundwater in Oakland County in Oakland County, Michigan” (Aichele and others, 1998) to incorporate revisions to the USEPA MCL for arsenic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/fs20043120","usgsCitation":"Aichele, S., 2004, Arsenic, nitrate, and chloride in groundwater, Oakland County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3120, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043120.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3120.jpg"},{"id":6425,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.4546,42.8798],[-83.2227,42.887],[-83.1025,42.8884],[-83.0986,42.801],[-83.0905,42.6238],[-83.0867,42.5355],[-83.0843,42.4463],[-83.3264,42.4416],[-83.4403,42.4393],[-83.553,42.4351],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.6733,42.5196],[-83.6863,42.7822],[-83.6902,42.871],[-83.5737,42.8744],[-83.4541,42.8766],[-83.4546,42.8798]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oakland\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70427,"text":"ofr20041369 - 2004 - An autonomous, electromagnetic seepage meter to study coastal groundwater/surface-water exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:03:26.074412","indexId":"ofr20041369","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1369","displayTitle":"An autonomous, electromagnetic seepage meter to study coastal groundwater/surface-water exchange","title":"An autonomous, electromagnetic seepage meter to study coastal groundwater/surface-water exchange","docAbstract":"The bi-directional exchange of groundwater with coastal surface waters may influence not only coastal-water and geochemical budgets, but may also impact and direct coastal ecosystem change. For example, the widespread discharge of nutrient-enriched submarine groundwater into an estuary or lagoon may contribute directly to the onset and duration of eutrophication, as well as the development of harmful algal/bacterial blooms. Most often, this submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) (defined here as a composite of meteoric, connate and sea water) occurs as hard-to-constrain diffuse seepage, rather than as focused discharge either through vent or collapse features. As a result, quantifying SGD rates has remained difficult for both oceanographers and hydrologists alike. This report describes an adaptation of an old tool, the Lee-type manual seepage meter, with a state-of-the-art electromagnetic flow meter that enables rapid, autonomous, bi-directional measurements of fluid exchange rates across the sediment/water interface. When such measurements are coupled and interpreted with surface and groundwater pressure, salinity and temperature data, as well as other complementary measurements such as excess watercolumn 222Rn activities, then realistic groundwater/surface-water exchange rates can be obtained in dynamic coastal environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041369","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Charette, M., and Langevin, C., 2004, An autonomous, electromagnetic seepage meter to study coastal groundwater/surface-water exchange; 2004; OFR; 2004-1369;","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1369/ofr20041369.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1369"},{"id":186180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1369/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Chicot aquifer system is the principal source of fresh ground-water supplies in southwestern Louisiana. Much of the area is rural and rice cultivation is the primary agricultural activity. About 540 million gallons per day were withdrawn from the aquifer system in southwestern Louisiana in 2000. Potentiometric-surface maps of the aquifer system were created for June 2002 and January 2003 to determine where water-level declines occur due to seasonal ground-water withdrawals. During June 2002, water levels in the aquifer system were more than 40 feet below the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) in parts of Acadia, Calcasieu, Evangeline, and Jefferson Davis Parishes, in an area that generally coincides with rice-farming areas. During January 2003, water levels were more than 30 feet below NGVD 29 in these areas.
From June 2002 to January 2003, water levels generally recovered between 5 and 20 feet in the Chicot aquifer system in most of Acadia and Jefferson Davis Parishes, southeastern Calcasieu Parish, and southern Evangeline Parish, in an area that generally coincides with rice-farming areas. These water-level changes are representative of the areal extent and magnitude of typical seasonal water-level fluctuations that occur in the aquifer system in response to seasonal ground-water withdrawals for rice irrigation.
The presence of saltwater has been documented in the Chicot aquifer system beneath coastal parishes and in some areas where the aquifer system merges with the stratigraphically adjacent Atchafalaya aquifer. Data collected during the period 1943 to 2003 from 1,355 wells screened in the massive, upper, and \"200-foot\" sands of the Chicot aquifer system and the Atchafalaya aquifer were used to delineate areas having similar specific conductance values and determine areas where wells are affected by saltwater. Near the outcrop area, specific conductance values in the Chicot aquifer system generally are less than 150 µS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). Specific conductance values increase south and east of the outcrop area. Specific conductance values generally range from 151 to 500 µS/cm in rice-farming areas of northwestern Acadia Parish, southeastern Allen Parish, western Evangeline Parish, and northern and central Jefferson Davis Parish. Specific conductance values generally range from 501 to 1,000 µS/cm in most of the remaining rice-farming areas. Specific conductance values often exceed 1,000 µS/cm in an area along the border between Calcasieu and Jefferson Davis Parishes near Iowa, Louisiana, parts of northeastern Cameron Parish, an area of northwestern and central St. Landry Parish; parts of Vermilion Parish, and several areas along the eastern boundary of the study area where the Chicot aquifer system merges with the Atchafalaya aquifer. The maximum specific conductance value, 12,100 µS/cm, is from a well in Cameron Parish.
During 2000-03, specific conductance was measured in 521 water samples from 166 wells screened in the Chicot aquifer system or the Atchafalaya aquifer. Specific conductance values exceeded 1,000 µS/cm in water samples from wells in Calcasieu, Cameron, Jefferson Davis, St. Landry, St. Martin, St. Mary, and Vermilion Parishes. Specific conductance values exceeded 2,000 µS/cm in only two wells—an irrigation well located about 2 miles south of Iowa and a USGS observation well used to monitor saltwater encroachment in east-central Vermilion Parish. Specific conductance values increased steadily at one well, from 1,090 µS/cm in April 2000 to 2,860 µS/cm in April 2003. Nearby wells did not show similar increases.
Specific conductance was measured hourly during pumping at two irrigation wells between 2000 and 2003. Specific conductance values were greater than 1,000 µS/cm in both wells, indicating the presence of saltwater near the wells. Specific conductance values generally fluctuated about 150 µS/cm at both wells, but no long-term trends in the specific conductance were evident in either well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045212","usgsCitation":"Lovelace, J.K., Fontenot, J.W., and Frederick, C.P., 2004, Withdrawals, water levels, and specific conductance in the Chicot aquifer system in southwestern Louisiana, 2000-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5212, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045212.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wise.er.usgs.gov/dp/pdfs/SIR_2004-5212.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.44345652645958,\n 29.559038065926543\n ],\n [\n -91.45442508072465,\n 29.911435800386656\n ],\n [\n -91.67379616602312,\n 30.98935215679441\n ],\n [\n -92.29900375912402,\n 30.98935215679441\n ],\n [\n -92.55128050721702,\n 31.364726416221927\n ],\n [\n -92.74871448398605,\n 31.289770689763913\n ],\n [\n -93.637167379445,\n 31.26164691097344\n ],\n [\n -93.6042617166505,\n 30.98935215679441\n ],\n [\n -93.76879003062436,\n 30.518050248225705\n ],\n [\n -93.79072713915447,\n 30.31941745040838\n ],\n [\n -93.77975858488941,\n 30.158323843544082\n ],\n [\n -93.95525545312833,\n 29.81631532382832\n ],\n [\n -93.83460135621404,\n 29.654402715597158\n ],\n [\n -93.47368763639625,\n 29.759199809794353\n ],\n [\n -93.11172534565338,\n 29.72110452632333\n ],\n [\n -92.66201462079137,\n 29.56857885310636\n ],\n [\n -92.1684296788698,\n 29.492229452863953\n ],\n [\n -91.76259317106737,\n 29.454033152035947\n ],\n [\n -91.44345652645958,\n 29.559038065926543\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontenot, Jared W.","contributorId":26757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontenot","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frederick, C. Paul 0000-0003-1762-519X pfreder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-519X","contributorId":84793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"C.","email":"pfreder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70374,"text":"sir20045201 - 2004 - Quality of water in the Trinity and Edwards aquifers, south-central Texas, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T17:34:45","indexId":"sir20045201","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5201","title":"Quality of water in the Trinity and Edwards aquifers, south-central Texas, 1996-98","docAbstract":"During 1996–98, the U.S. Geological Survey studied surface- and ground-water quality in south-central Texas. The ground-water components included the upper and middle zones (undifferentiated) of the Trinity aquifer in the Hill Country and the unconfined part (recharge zone) and confined part (artesian zone) of the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone of the San Antonio region. The study was supplemented by information compiled from four ground-water-quality studies done during 1996–98.
Trinity aquifer waters are more mineralized and contain larger dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations compared to Edwards aquifer waters. Greater variability in water chemistry in the Trinity aquifer likely reflects the more variable lithology of the host rock. Trace elements were widely detected, mostly at small concentrations. Median total nitrogen was larger in the Edwards aquifer than in the Trinity aquifer. Ammonia nitrogen was detected more frequently and at larger concentrations in the Trinity aquifer than in the Edwards aquifer. Although some nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the Edwards aquifer exceeded a U.S. Geological Survey national background threshold concentration, no concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standard.
Synthetic organic compounds, such as pesticides and volatile organic compounds, were detected in the Edwards aquifer and less frequently in the Trinity aquifer, mostly at very small concentrations (less than 1 microgram per liter). These compounds were detected most frequently in urban unconfined Edwards aquifer samples. Atrazine and its breakdown product deethylatrazine were the most frequently detected pesticides, and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds. Widespread detections of these compounds, although at small concentrations, indicate that anthropogenic activities affect ground-water quality.
Radon gas was detected throughout the Trinity aquifer but not throughout the Edwards aquifer. Fourteen samples from the Trinity aquifer and 10 samples from the Edwards aquifer exceeded a proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standard. Sources of radon in the study area might be granitic sediments underlying the Trinity aquifer and igneous intrusions in and below the Edwards aquifer.
The presence of tritium in nearly all Edwards aquifer samples indicates that some component of sampled water is young (less than about 50 years), even for long flow paths in the confined zone. About one-half of the Trinity aquifer samples contained tritium, indicating that only part of the aquifer contains young water.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of water provide indicators of recharge sources to the Trinity and Edwards aquifers. Most ground-water samples have a meteorological isotopic signature indicating recharge as direct infiltration of water with little residence time on the land surface. Isotopic data from some samples collected from the unconfined Edwards aquifer indicate the water has undergone evaporation. At the time that ground-water samples were collected (during a drought), nearby streams were the likely sources of recharge to these wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045201","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fahlquist, L., and Ardis, A.F., 2004, Quality of water in the Trinity and Edwards aquifers, south-central Texas, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5201, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045201.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6534,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341608,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5201/pdf/sir2004-5201.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.2,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -97.8826904296875,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -97.8826904296875,\n 30.2\n ],\n [\n -100.2,\n 30.2\n ],\n [\n -100.2,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70329,"text":"wdrOK042 - 2004 - Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004; Volume 2. Red River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:32","indexId":"wdrOK042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-04-2","title":"Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004; Volume 2. Red River basin","docAbstract":"Volumes 1 and 2 of the water resources data for the 2004 water year for Oklahoma consists of record of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 138 gaging stations; stage and contents for 18 lakes or reservoirs and 2 gage height stations; water quality for 55 gaging stations; 38 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations and 4 ground-water sites. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge and water-quality sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Oklahoma.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK042","usgsCitation":"Blazs, R., Walters, D., Coffey, T., Boyle, D., and Wellman, J., 2004, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004; Volume 2. Red River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OK-04-2, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOK042.","productDescription":"258 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ok-04-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazs, R.L.","contributorId":27067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazs","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffey, T.E.","contributorId":51368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, D.L.","contributorId":55505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellman, J.J.","contributorId":81972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70330,"text":"wdrOK041 - 2004 - Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004;Volume 1. Arkansas River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"wdrOK041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004;Volume 1. Arkansas River basin","docAbstract":"Volumes 1 and 2 of the water resources data for the 2004 water year for Oklahoma consists of record of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 138 gaging stations; stage and contents for 18 lakes or reservoirs and 2 gage height stations; water quality for 55 gaging stations; 38 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations and 4 ground-water sites. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge and water-quality sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Oklahoma.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK041","usgsCitation":"Blazs, R., Walters, D., Coffey, T., Boyle, D., and Wellman, J., 2004, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004;Volume 1. Arkansas River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OK-04-1, 408 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOK041.","productDescription":"408 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ok-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazs, R.L.","contributorId":27067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazs","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffey, T.E.","contributorId":51368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, D.L.","contributorId":55505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellman, J.J.","contributorId":81972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70311,"text":"wdrFL044 - 2004 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 4: northeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:37","indexId":"wdrFL044","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-04-4","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 4: northeast Florida","docAbstract":"This report series for the 2004 water year for the state of Florida consists of records for continuous or daily discharge for 405 streams, periodic discharge for 12 streams, continuous or daily stage for 159 streams, periodic stage for 19 streams, peak stage and discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 14 lakes, periodic elevations for 23 lakes, continuous ground-water levels for 408 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,188 wells, and quality-of-water for 140 surface-water sites and 240 wells.\r\n\r\nThis volume (Volume 4, Northwest Florida) contains records of continuous or daily discharge for 75 streams, periodic discharge for 2 streams, continuous or daily stage for 11 streams, periodic stage for 2 streams, peak stage and discharge for 22 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 1 lake, periodic elevations for 0 lakes, continuous ground-water levels for 3 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 0 wells, and quality-of-water for 3 surface-water sites and 0 wells. \r\n\r\nThese data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL044","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 4: northeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-04-4, 232 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL044.","productDescription":"232 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrfl044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e64db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70296,"text":"fs20043140 - 2004 - Internet Map Service for Environmental Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70296,"text":"fs20043140 - 2004 - Internet Map Service for Environmental Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region","indexId":"fs20043140","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Internet Map Service for Environmental Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":79096,"text":"fs20063054 - 2006 - Interdisciplinary science in support of environmental health along the United States-Mexico border","indexId":"fs20063054","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Interdisciplinary science in support of environmental health along the United States-Mexico border"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":79096,"text":"fs20063054 - 2006 - Interdisciplinary science in support of environmental health along the United States-Mexico border","indexId":"fs20063054","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Interdisciplinary science in support of environmental health along the United States-Mexico border"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T14:54:58","indexId":"fs20043140","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3140","title":"Internet Map Service for Environmental Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region","docAbstract":"The objective of this project is to provide an earth and biological resources database within a geographic framework using an Internet Map Service (IMS) to further our understanding of the linkages between the condition of the physical environment and public health issues. The IMS is now available on the Internet at borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043140","usgsCitation":"Buckler, D., and Stefanov, J., 2004, Internet Map Service for Environmental Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region (Superseded by FS 2006-3054): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3140, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043140.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3140.jpg"},{"id":11619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.01702880859374,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 26.544308558627424\n ],\n [\n -99.01702880859374,\n 26.544308558627424\n ],\n [\n -99.01702880859374,\n 25.34402602913433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Superseded by FS 2006-3054","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69862a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckler, Denny","contributorId":47451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"Denny","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stefanov, Jim","contributorId":15705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanov","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70285,"text":"wdrFL043A - 2004 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 3A: southwest Florida surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"wdrFL043A","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-04-3A","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 3A: southwest Florida surface water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharges for 405 streams, periodic discharge for 12 streams, continuous daily stage for 159 streams, periodic stage for 19 streams, peak stage for 30 streams and peak discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 14 lakes, periodic elevations for 23 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 408 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,188 wells, and quality-of-water data for 140 surface-water sites and 240 wells.\r\n\r\nThe data for Southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3A contains continuous or daily discharge for 104 streams, periodic discharge for 6 streams, continuous or daily stage for 36 streams, periodic stage for 14 streams, peak stage and discharge for 8 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 2 lakes, periodic elevations for 3 lakes, and quality-of-water data for 58 surface-water sites. \r\n\r\nThese data represent the national Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL043A","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 2004, Water resources data, Florida, water year 2004, volume 3A: southwest Florida surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-04-3A, 458 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL043A.","productDescription":"458 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-fl-04-3a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f14e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70287,"text":"sir20045029 - 2004 - Assessment of ground-water withdrawals at municipal industrial parks in Puerto Rico, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20045029","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5029","title":"Assessment of ground-water withdrawals at municipal industrial parks in Puerto Rico, 2000","docAbstract":"An assessment of ground-water withdrawals at municipal industrial parks throughout Puerto Rico was conducted to investigate the effect of ground-water usage on nearby surface- and ground-water resources. Water-bearing strata were divided into four generalized hydrogeologic units: (1) fissured aquifers (including karst and non-karst limestone); (2) intergranular aquifers; (3) intergranular aquifers overlying fissured rock units; and (4) strata with local or limited ground-water resources. Approximately 49 percent of the municipal industrial parks are located in areas with local or limited ground-water resources, 29 percent overlie intergranular aquifers, 13 percent overlie fissured aquifers, and 9 percent overlie intergranular units that overlie fissured rock units. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHydrogeologic data for the generalized hydrogeologic units were compiled from published U.S. Geological Survey reports. Depths to ground water near industrial parks range from approximately 20 to 400 feet in the fissured aquifers, 6 to 65 feet in coastal intergranular aquifers, 3 to 30 feet in intergranular aquifers overlying fissured rock units, and 1 to 100 feet in strata with local or limited ground-water resources. Aquifer transmissivities near industrial parks range from approximately 100,000 feet squared per day in the fissured aquifers to less than 100 feet squared per day in the strata with local or limited ground-water resources. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWell construction data were compiled from published U.S. Geological Survey reports, drillers? logs, and unpublished reports. Specific capacity for wells near industrial parks ranges from approximately 100 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown in the fissured aquifer at Manati to approximately 0.1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown in strata with local and limited ground-water resources at Bayamon. Reported well yields near industrial parks ranges from 2,800 gallons per minute in the intergranular aquifer at Santa Isabel to approximately 3 gallons per minute in strata with local and limited ground-water resources at Adjuntas. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHistorical ground-water-level data from U.S. Geological Survey observation wells were used to define ground-water levels trends in the vicinity of industrial parks. Areas showing ground-water level declines, and therefore possible aquifer over-development, are located in Barceloneta and Guayama. Rising ground-water levels were noted in the vicinity of industrial parks at Florida, Ponce, and Yauco. \r\nGround-water withdrawal data were compiled from site visits to the industrial facilities and from information provided by Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. Total ground-water withdrawal at the municipal industrial parks was estimated to be 1.6 million gallons per day. Most withdrawals were from intergranular coastal aquifers, which accounted for about two thirds of the ground-water withdrawals. Municipal industrial parks with substantial ground-water withdrawals are located in Bayamon, Caguas, Humacao, and Ponce.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045029","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., 2004, Assessment of ground-water withdrawals at municipal industrial parks in Puerto Rico, 2000 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5029, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045029.","productDescription":"73 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6982,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70289,"text":"wdrMDDEDC032 - 2004 - Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2003, volume 2. ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"wdrMDDEDC032","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-03-2","title":"Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2003, volume 2. ground-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2003 water year for Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C. consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 386 observation wells, discharge records for 4 springs, and water quality at 185 wells. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 6 and 7. Locations of groundwater- quality sites are shown on figure 8. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC032","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2003, volume 2. ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-03-2, 622 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDEDC032.","productDescription":"622 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-03-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70280,"text":"tm6B1 - 2004 - Section 1. Simulation of surface-water integrated flow and transport in two-dimensions: SWIFT2D user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"tm6B1","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-B1","title":"Section 1. Simulation of surface-water integrated flow and transport in two-dimensions: SWIFT2D user's manual","docAbstract":"A numerical model for simulation of surface-water integrated flow and transport in two (horizontal-space) dimensions is documented. The model solves vertically integrated forms of the equations of mass and momentum conservation and solute transport equations for heat, salt, and constituent fluxes. An equation of state for salt balance directly couples solution of the hydrodynamic and transport equations to account for the horizontal density gradient effects of salt concentrations on flow. The model can be used to simulate the hydrodynamics, transport, and water quality of well-mixed bodies of water, such as estuaries, coastal seas, harbors, lakes, rivers, and inland waterways. The finite-difference model can be applied to geographical areas bounded by any combination of closed land or open water boundaries. The simulation program accounts for sources of internal discharges (such as tributary rivers or hydraulic outfalls), tidal flats, islands, dams, and movable flow barriers or sluices. Water-quality computations can treat reactive and (or) conservative constituents simultaneously. Input requirements include bathymetric and topographic data defining land-surface elevations, time-varying water level or flow conditions at open boundaries, and hydraulic coefficients. Optional input includes the geometry of hydraulic barriers and constituent concentrations at open boundaries. Time-dependent water level, flow, and constituent-concentration data are required for model calibration and verification. Model output consists of printed reports and digital files of numerical results in forms suitable for postprocessing by graphical software programs and (or) scientific visualization packages. The model is compatible with most mainframe, workstation, mini- and micro-computer operating systems and FORTRAN compilers. This report defines the mathematical formulation and computational features of the model, explains the solution technique and related model constraints, describes the model framework, documents the type and format of inputs required, and identifies the type and format of output available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques and Methods Book 6, Chapter B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6B1","isbn":"0607986174 ","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 2004, Section 1. Simulation of surface-water integrated flow and transport in two-dimensions: SWIFT2D user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-B1, vii, 115 p. : ill., map ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6B1.","productDescription":"vii, 115 p. : ill., map ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_b1.jpg"},{"id":6979,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6b1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70275,"text":"sir20045277 - 2004 - Conceptualization and simulation of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T17:43:09","indexId":"sir20045277","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5277","title":"Conceptualization and simulation of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas","docAbstract":"A new numerical ground-water-flow model (Edwards aquifer model) that incorporates important components of the latest information and plausible conceptualization of the Edwards aquifer was developed. The model includes both the San Antonio and Barton Springs segments of the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio region, Texas, and was calibrated for steady-state (1939–46) and transient (1947–2000) conditions, excluding Travis County. Transient simulations were conducted using monthly recharge and pumpage (withdrawal) data. The model incorporates conduits simulated as continuously connected (other than being separated in eastern Uvalde and southwestern Medina Counties), one-cell-wide (1,320 feet) zones with very large hydraulic-conductivity values (as much as 300,000 feet per day). The locations of the conduits were based on a number of factors, including major potentiometric-surface troughs in the aquifer, the presence of sinking streams, geochemical information, and geologic structures (for example, faults and grabens). The simulated directions of flow in the Edwards aquifer model are most strongly influenced by the presence of simulated conduits and barrier faults. The simulated flow in the Edwards aquifer is influenced by the locations of the simulated conduits, which tend to facilitate flow.
The simulated subregional flow directions generally are toward the nearest conduit and subsequently along the conduits from the recharge zone into the confined zone and toward the major springs. Structures simulated in the Edwards aquifer model influencing groundwater flow that tend to restrict flow are barrier faults. The influence of simulated barrier faults on flow directions is most evident in northern Medina County.
A water budget is an accounting of inflow to, outflow from, and storage change in the aquifer. For the Edwards aquifer model steady-state simulation, recharge (from seepage losses from streams and infiltration of rainfall) accounts for 93.5 percent of the sources of water to the Edwards aquifer, and inflow through the northern and northwestern model boundaries contributes 6.5 percent. The largest discharges are springflow (73.7 percent) and ground-water withdrawals by wells (25.7 percent).
The principal source of water to the Edwards aquifer for the Edwards aquifer model transient simulation was recharge, constituting about 60 percent of the sources of water (excluding change in storage) to the Edwards aquifer during 1956, a drought period, and about 97 percent of the sources (excluding change in storage) during 1975, a period of above-normal rainfall and recharge. The principal discharges from the Edwards aquifer for the transient simulation were springflow and withdrawals by wells. During 1956, representing drought conditions, the change in storage (net water released from storage) was much greater than recharge, accounting for 75.9 percent of the total flow compared to 14.5 percent for recharge. Conversely, during 1975, representing above-normal rainfall and recharge conditions, recharge constituted 79.9 percent of the total flow, compared to 7.1 percent for the change in storage (net water added to storage).
A series of sensitivity tests was made to ascertain how the model results were affected by variations greater than and less than the calibrated values of input data. Simulated hydraulic heads in the Edwards aquifer model were most sensitive to recharge, withdrawals, hydraulic conductivity of the conduit segments, and specific yield and were comparatively insensitive to spring-orifice conductance, northern boundary inflow, and specific storage. Simulated springflow in the Edwards aquifer model was most sensitive to recharge, withdrawals, hydraulic conductivity of the conduit segments, specific yield, and increases in northern boundary inflow and was comparatively insensitive to spring-orifice conductance and specific storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045277","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense and Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., Dutton, A., Hovorka, S., Worthington, S., and Painter, S., 2004, Conceptualization and simulation of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5277, Report: viii, 143 p.; 7 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045277.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 143 p.; 7 plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6977,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.5,28.5 ], [ -100.5,30.5 ], [ -97.5,30.5 ], [ -97.5,28.5 ], [ -100.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutton, A.R.","contributorId":93976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, S.D.","contributorId":71259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hovorka","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worthington, S.R.H.","contributorId":55522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"S.R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Painter, Scott","contributorId":93574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259,"text":"wri20034251 - 2004 - Evaluation of water-quality and habitat assessment data to determine ranges in stream conditions in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain of northwestern Mississippi and eastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"wri20034251","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4251","title":"Evaluation of water-quality and habitat assessment data to determine ranges in stream conditions in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain of northwestern Mississippi and eastern Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034251","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., Welch, H.L., and Coupe, R.H., 2004, Evaluation of water-quality and habitat assessment data to determine ranges in stream conditions in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain of northwestern Mississippi and eastern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4251, v, 47 p. : ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034251.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. : ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4251.jpg"},{"id":13660,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70267,"text":"i2600E - 2004 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:31","indexId":"i2600E","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"E","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level may severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet could cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). In spite of its importance, the mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is poorly known; it is not known for certain whether the ice sheet is growing or shrinking. In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic part of the Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although the western part is thickening, the northern part is thinning. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), based on analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance. The mass balance of the East Antarctic is unknown, but thought to be in near equilibrium.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, to compare changes over a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps consisting of 24 maps at 1:1,000,000 scale and 1 map at 1:5,000,000 scale, in both paper and digital format (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; and Ferrigno and others, 2002).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2600E","isbn":"0607975482","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., Williams, R., Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Rosanova, C.E., and Dailide, L.M., 2004, Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, 11 p. pamphlet and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600E.","productDescription":"11 p. pamphlet and 1 sheet","temporalStart":"1972-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic, MSL","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,-76 ], [ -104,-71 ], [ -80,-71 ], [ -80,-76 ], [ -104,-76 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dailide, Lina M.","contributorId":6134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dailide","given":"Lina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70254,"text":"wdrFL043B - 2004 - Water resources data Florida, water year 2004: Volume 3B: southwest Florida ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"wdrFL043B","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-04-3B","title":"Water resources data Florida, water year 2004: Volume 3B: southwest Florida ground water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharges for 405 streams, periodic discharge for 12 streams, continuous or daily stage for 159 streams, periodic stage for 19 streams, peak stage for 30 streams and peak discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 14 lakes, periodic elevations for 23 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 408 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,188 wells, and quality-of-water data for 140 surface-water sites and 240 wells. \r\n\r\nThe data for Southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3B contains records for continuous ground-water elevations for 98 wells; periodic ground-water elevations at 56 wells; miscellaneous ground-water elevations at 374 wells; and water quality at 25 ground-water sites. \r\n\r\nThese data represent the national Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL043B","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 2004, Water resources data Florida, water year 2004: Volume 3B: southwest Florida ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-04-3B, 215 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL043B.","productDescription":"215 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6956,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-fl-04-3b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70245,"text":"sir20045215 - 2004 - Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"sir20045215","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5215","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas","docAbstract":"The Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, supplies all or part of the drinking water for Ft. Leavenworth; Leavenworth, Kansas; Weston, Missouri; and cooling water for the Kansas City Power and Light, Iatan Power Plant. Ground water at three sites within the alluvial aquifer near the Ft. Leavenworth well field is contaminated with trace metals and organic compounds and concerns have been raised about the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Army began a study of ground-water flow in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic data from 173 locations in the study area was used to construct a ground-water flow model (MODFLOW-2000) and particle-tracking program (MODPATH) to determine the direction and travel time of ground-water flow and contributing recharge areas for water-supply well fields within the alluvial aquifer. The modeled area is 28.6 kilometers by 32.6 kilometers and contains the entire study area. The model uses a uniform grid size of 100 meters by 100 meters and contains 372,944 cells in 4 layers, 286 columns, and 326 rows. The model represents the alluvial aquifer using four layers of variable thickness with no intervening confining layers.\r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated to both quasi-steady-state and transient hydraulic head data collected during the study and ground-water flow was simulated for five well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. The model accuracy was calculated using the root mean square error between actual measurements of hydraulic head and model generated hydraulic head at the end of each model run. The accepted error for the model calibrations were below the maximum measurement errors. The error for the quasi-steady-state calibration was 0.82 meter; for the transient calibration it was 0.33 meter.\r\n\r\nThe shape, size, and ground-water travel time within the contributing recharge area for each well or well field is affected by changes in river stage and pumping rates and by the location of the well or well field with respect to the major rivers, alluvial valley walls, and other pumping wells. The shapes of the simulated contributing recharge areas for the well fields in the study area are elongated in the upstream direction for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. The capture of ground water by the pumping wells as it moved downgradient toward the Missouri River caused the long up-valley extent of the contributing recharge areas. Recharge to the Iatan and Weston well fields primarily is from precipitation and surface runoff from the surrounding uplands because the contributing recharge area does not intersect the Missouri River for any well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. Recharge to the Leavenworth and Ft. Leavenworth well fields is from precipitation, surface runoff from the surrounding uplands, and the Missouri River because the contributing recharge area intersects these boundaries for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios.\r\n\r\nParticle tracking analysis indicated ground water from the three contaminated sites was captured by the Ft. Leavenworth well field for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. Ground-water travel times to the Ft. Leavenworth well field for average well-pumping/river-stage scenario ranged from about 33 years for the closest contamination site to about 71 years for the farthest contamination site. Ground-water flow was induced below the Missouri River by the Ft. Leavenworth and Leavenworth well fields for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045215","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., 2004, Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5215, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045215.","productDescription":"76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70235,"text":"sir20045275 - 2004 - Selected hydrologic data for the upper Rio Hondo basin, Lincoln County, New Mexico, 1945-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"sir20045275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5275","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the upper Rio Hondo basin, Lincoln County, New Mexico, 1945-2003","docAbstract":"Demands for ground and surface water have increased in the upper Rio Hondo Basin due to increases in development and population. Local governments are responsible for land-use and development decisions and, therefore, the governments need information about water resources in their areas. Hydrologic data were compiled for the upper Rio Hondo Basin and water-level data were collected during two synoptic measurements in March and July 2003.\r\n\r\nWater-level data from March 2003 were contoured and compared with contours constructed in 1963. The 5,600-, 5,700-, and 5,800-foot March 2003 contours indicate that water levels rose. The 5,500-foot contour for March 2003 indicates a decline in water level. The 5,400-foot contour of March 2003 and the 1963 contour mostly coincide, indicating a static water level. The 5,300- and 5,200-foot contours for March 2003 cross the 1963 contours, indicating a decline in water levels near the Rio Ruidoso but a rise in water levels near the Rio Bonito. In eight hydrographs, 2003 water levels are shown to be higher than water levels from the mid- to late 1950's in five of the eight wells. For the same period of record, water levels in the three remaining wells were lower. Rising and declining water levels were highest in the northern part of the study area; the median rise was 4.01 feet and the median decline was 3.51 feet. In the southern part of the study area, the median water-level rise was 2.21 feet and the median decline was 1.56 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045275","usgsCitation":"Donohoe, L.C., 2004, Selected hydrologic data for the upper Rio Hondo basin, Lincoln County, New Mexico, 1945-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5275, iv, 28 p. report : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045275.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. report : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5275.jpg"},{"id":6947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohoe, Lisa C.","contributorId":69638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohoe","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70244,"text":"sir20045213 - 2004 - Potential-scour assessments and estimates of scour depth using different techniques at selected bridge sites in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"sir20045213","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5213","title":"Potential-scour assessments and estimates of scour depth using different techniques at selected bridge sites in Missouri","docAbstract":"The evaluation of scour at bridges throughout the state of Missouri has been ongoing since 1991 in a cooperative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey and Missouri Department of Transportation. A variety of assessment methods have been used to identify bridges susceptible to scour and to estimate scour depths. A potential-scour assessment (Level 1) was used at 3,082 bridges to identify bridges that might be susceptible to scour. A rapid estimation method (Level 1+) was used to estimate contraction, pier, and abutment scour depths at 1,396 bridge sites to identify bridges that might be scour critical. A detailed hydraulic assessment (Level 2) was used to compute contraction, pier, and abutment scour depths at 398 bridges to determine which bridges are scour critical and would require further monitoring or application of scour countermeasures.\r\n\r\nThe rapid estimation method (Level 1+) was designed to be a conservative estimator of scour depths compared to depths computed by a detailed hydraulic assessment (Level 2). Detailed hydraulic assessments were performed at 316 bridges that also had received a rapid estimation assessment, providing a broad data base to compare the two scour assessment methods. The scour depths computed by each of the two methods were compared for bridges that had similar discharges. For Missouri, the rapid estimation method (Level 1+) did not provide a reasonable conservative estimate of the detailed hydraulic assessment (Level 2) scour depths for contraction scour, but the discrepancy was the result of using different values for variables that were common to both of the assessment methods. The rapid estimation method (Level 1+) was a reasonable conservative estimator of the detailed hydraulic assessment (Level 2) scour depths for pier scour if the pier width is used for piers without footing exposure and the footing width is used for piers with footing exposure. Detailed hydraulic assessment (Level 2) scour depths were conservatively estimated by the rapid estimation method (Level 1+) for abutment scour, but there was substantial variability in the estimates and several substantial underestimations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045213","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., and Rydlund, P.H., 2004, Potential-scour assessments and estimates of scour depth using different techniques at selected bridge sites in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5213, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045213.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4994e4b07f02db5b5f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241,"text":"sir20045103 - 2004 - Estimating flood-peak discharge magnitudes and frequencies for rural streams in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T22:25:38.099112","indexId":"sir20045103","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5103","displayTitle":"Estimating Flood-Peak Discharge Magnitudes and Frequencies for Rural Streams in Illinois","title":"Estimating flood-peak discharge magnitudes and frequencies for rural streams in Illinois","docAbstract":"Flood-peak discharge magnitudes and frequencies at streamflow-gaging sites were developed with the annual\r\nmaximum series (AMS) and the partial duration series (PDS) in this study. Regional equations for both flood series\r\nwere developed for estimating flood-peak discharge magnitudes at specified recurrence intervals of rural Illinois\r\nstreams. The regional equations are techniques for estimating flood quantiles at ungaged sites or for improving\r\nestimated flood quantiles at gaged sites with short records or unrepresentative data. Besides updating at-site floodfrequency\r\nestimates using flood data up to water year 1999, this study updated the generalized skew coefficients\r\nfor Illinois to be used with the Log-Pearson III probability distribution for analyzing the AMS, developed a program\r\nfor analyzing the partial duration series with the Generalized Pareto probability distribution, and applied the\r\nBASINSOFT program with digital datasets in soil, topography, land cover, and precipitation to develop a set of basin\r\ncharacteristics. The multiple regression analysis was used to develop the regional equations with subsets of the basin\r\ncharacteristics and the updated at-site flood frequencies. Seven hydrologic regions were delineated using physiographic\r\nand hydrologic characteristics of drainage basins of Illinois. The seven hydrologic regions were used for\r\nboth the AMS and PDS analyses.\r\nExamples are presented to illustrate the use of the AMS regional equations to estimate flood quantiles at an\r\nungaged site and to improve flood-quantile estimates at and near a gaged site. Flood-quantile estimates in four\r\nregulated channel reaches of Illinois also are approximated by linear interpolation. Documentation of the flood data\r\npreparation and evaluation, procedures for determining the flood quantiles, basin characteristics, generalized skew\r\ncoefficients, hydrologic region delineations, and the multiple regression analyses used to determine the regional\r\nequations are presented in the main text and appendixes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offices of Water Resources, Realty and Environmental Planning–Conservation 2000 Program, and Resource Conservation, and with the Illinois Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Ishii, A., Sharpe, J.B., and Avery, C.F., 2004, Estimating flood-peak discharge magnitudes and frequencies for rural streams in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5103, Report: ix, 147 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045103.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 147 p.; CD-ROM","numberOfPages":"162","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5103/sir20045103_cd.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2004–5103 CD-ROM"},{"id":191914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":6950,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5103/sir20045103.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004–5103"},{"id":423657,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70800.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.79823,42.473054],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.820858,42.361584],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.800066,42.208024],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.712206,42.096455],[-87.682359,42.075729],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.668982,42.029142],[-87.630953,41.933132],[-87.624052,41.904232],[-87.611659,41.892216],[-87.616537,41.882396],[-87.616251,41.868933],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.600549,41.826833],[-87.580948,41.804334],[-87.576347,41.786034],[-87.560646,41.766034],[-87.542845,41.752135],[-87.530745,41.748235],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.533227,39.883127],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.035827,37.791917],[-88.042602,37.76712],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.122412,37.709685],[-88.151646,37.675098],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.156827,37.632801],[-88.142225,37.603737],[-88.139973,37.586451],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.105585,37.55618],[-88.088049,37.535124],[-88.069018,37.525297],[-88.061342,37.505327],[-88.064234,37.484548],[-88.072386,37.483563],[-88.087664,37.471059],[-88.132628,37.471555],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.312585,37.440591],[-88.333183,37.42721],[-88.348405,37.410726],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.408808,37.425216],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.476592,37.386875],[-88.484462,37.345609],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.506942,37.266656],[-88.509328,37.26213],[-88.487277,37.244077],[-88.471753,37.220155],[-88.447764,37.203527],[-88.431488,37.160298],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.444605,37.098601],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.504437,37.065265],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.576718,37.085852],[-88.589207,37.099655],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.693983,37.141155],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.916934,37.224291],[-88.942111,37.228811],[-88.98326,37.228685],[-89.029981,37.211144],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.092934,37.156439],[-89.111189,37.119052],[-89.134931,37.103278],[-89.14132,37.093865],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-89.168087,37.074218],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.178975,37.020928],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.132685,36.9822],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.307726,37.069654],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.277715,37.03614],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.378277,37.039605],[-89.385434,37.05513],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.38805,37.107481],[-89.41173,37.122507],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.461862,37.199517],[-89.4675,37.221844],[-89.458246,37.247066],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.488728,37.251507],[-89.517032,37.28192],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.447556,37.340475],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.516447,37.535558],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.477548,37.585885],[-89.475932,37.592998],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.531427,37.700334],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.615586,37.74235],[-89.615933,37.748184],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.663352,37.750052],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.66038,37.786296],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.754104,37.846358],[-89.779828,37.853896],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.80036,37.868625],[-89.798041,37.879655],[-89.842649,37.905196],[-89.862949,37.896906],[-89.881475,37.879591],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.950594,37.881526],[-89.973642,37.917661],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.947429,37.940336],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.997103,37.963225],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.057269,38.014362],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.126194,38.040702],[-90.126396,38.054897],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.356176,38.217501],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.370819,38.333554],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.224212,38.575051],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18111,38.65955],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.21141,38.72135],[-90.20521,38.73215],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.109107,38.837448],[-90.113327,38.849306],[-90.19521,38.886748],[-90.223041,38.907389],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.450792,38.967764],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.54403,38.87505],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.628485,38.891617],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.663372,38.928042],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.713629,39.053977],[-90.682744,39.088348],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.174232,39.591975],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.302485,39.679631],[-91.367753,39.729029],[-91.369953,39.745042],[-91.365125,39.758723],[-91.363444,39.792804],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.432919,39.840554],[-91.446385,39.870394],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.420878,39.914865],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.463683,39.981845],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.509245,40.121876],[-91.511749,40.147091],[-91.508324,40.156326],[-91.513079,40.178537],[-91.504477,40.198262],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.439342,40.366569],[-91.415695,40.381381],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.373721,40.417891],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.405241,40.554641],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.110927,40.703262],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-90.962916,40.924957],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.94899,41.07025],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.112333,41.239003],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.08688,41.294371],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-91.04589,41.414085],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.595237,41.511032],[-90.567236,41.517532],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.150916,42.02944],[-90.163446,42.040407],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.161504,42.098912],[-90.162895,42.116718],[-90.17097,42.125198],[-90.190452,42.125779],[-90.201404,42.130937],[-90.207421,42.149109],[-90.216107,42.15673],[-90.250129,42.171469],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.415937,42.322699],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.606328,42.451505],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.07367,42.508275],[-89.366031,42.500274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Illinois\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Observed ground-water-level declines from 1991 to 2003 in northern Monroe County, Michigan, are consistent with increased ground-water demands in the region. In 1991, the estimated ground-water use in the county was 20 million gallons per day, and 80 percent of this total was from quarry dewatering. In 2001, the estimated ground-water use in the county was 30 million gallons per day, and 75 percent of this total was from quarry dewatering.
Prior to approximately 1990, the ground-water demands were met by capturing natural discharge from the area and by inducing leakage through glacial deposits that cover the bedrock aquifer. Increased ground-water demand after 1990 led to declines in ground-water level as the system moves toward a new steady-state. Much of the available natural discharge from the bedrock aquifer had been captured by the 1991 conditions, and the response to additional withdrawals resulted in the observed widespread decline in water levels.
The causes of the observed declines were explored through the use of a regional ground-water-flow model. The model area includes portions of Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties in Michigan, and portions of Fulton, Henry, and Lucas Counties in Ohio. Factors, including lowered water-table elevations because of below average precipitation during the time period (1991 - 2001) and reduction in water supply to the bedrock aquifer because of land-use changes, were found to affect the regional system, but these factors did not explain the regional decline. Potential ground-water capture for the bedrock aquifer in Monroe County is limited by the low hydraulic conductivity of the overlying glacial deposits and shales and the presence of dense saline water within the bedrock as it dips into the Michigan Basin to the west and north of the county. Hydrogeologic features of the bedrock and the overlying glacial deposits were included in the model design. An important step of characterizing the bedrock aquifer was the determination of inputs and outputs of water—leakage from glacial deposits and flows across model boundaries. The imposed demands on the groundwater system create additional discharge from the bedrock aquifer, and this discharge is documented by records and estimates of water use including: residential and industrial use, irrigation, and quarry dewatering.
Hydrologic characterization of Monroe County and surrounding areas was used to determine the model boundaries and inputs within the ground-water model. MODFLOW-2000 was the computer model used to simulate ground-water flow. Predevelopment, 1991, and 2001 conditions were simulated with the model. The predevelopment model did not include modern water use and was compared to information from early settlement of the county. The 1991 steady-state model included modern demands on the ground-water system and was based on a significant amount of data collected for this and previous studies. The predevelopment and 1991 simulations were used to calibrate the numerical model. The simulation of 2001 conditions was based on recent data and explored the potential ground-water levels if the current conditions persist. Model results indicate that the ground-water level will stabilize in the county near current levels if the demands imposed during 2001 are held constant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri20034312","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., Wright, K.V., and Nicholas, J., 2004, Hydrogeology and simulation of regional ground-water-level declines in Monroe County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4312, Overall Report: 124 p.; Report: viii, 72 p.; 3 Appendices: Appendix A: 20 p., Appendix B: 4 p., Appendix C: 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034312.","productDescription":"Overall Report: 124 p.; Report: viii, 72 p.; 3 Appendices: Appendix A: 20 p., Appendix B: 4 p., Appendix C: 19 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9783,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-83.2756,42.0749],[-83.2665,42.0719],[-83.2584,42.0731],[-83.2514,42.0647],[-83.2466,42.0614],[-83.2362,42.0593],[-83.2301,42.056],[-83.2272,42.0518],[-83.2217,42.0503],[-83.2176,42.0475],[-83.2141,42.0429],[-83.2047,42.044],[-83.1887,42.0309],[-83.1923,42.0323],[-83.1942,42.031],[-83.1972,42.0329],[-83.2008,42.0348],[-83.2046,42.0344],[-83.2055,42.0281],[-83.2027,42.0212],[-83.2048,42.0158],[-83.2079,42.0159],[-83.2039,42.0085],[-83.2084,42.0046],[-83.2068,41.9995],[-83.2182,41.9934],[-83.2278,41.9864],[-83.2386,41.9799],[-83.2425,41.9763],[-83.2463,41.9751],[-83.2512,41.9752],[-83.2571,41.9808],[-83.2626,41.9818],[-83.2633,41.9809],[-83.2646,41.9801],[-83.2508,41.9715],[-83.249,41.9688],[-83.2518,41.9634],[-83.2551,41.9576],[-83.256,41.9526],[-83.2525,41.9484],[-83.252,41.9457],[-83.2533,41.9434],[-83.259,41.9408],[-83.2616,41.9382],[-83.2629,41.9355],[-83.2653,41.9369],[-83.2768,41.9427],[-83.2927,41.9453],[-83.2946,41.9449],[-83.3008,41.9437],[-83.3128,41.9376],[-83.3225,41.9283],[-83.3278,41.9217],[-83.3295,41.9099],[-83.3307,41.8986],[-83.3327,41.8941],[-83.336,41.8887],[-83.3369,41.8842],[-83.3392,41.8861],[-83.3408,41.892],[-83.3445,41.8925],[-83.3484,41.889],[-83.3514,41.8909],[-83.3556,41.8933],[-83.3617,41.8952],[-83.3656,41.8903],[-83.3632,41.8875],[-83.356,41.8837],[-83.3556,41.8796],[-83.3581,41.8788],[-83.3636,41.8789],[-83.3675,41.8749],[-83.3731,41.8741],[-83.3807,41.8689],[-83.3891,41.86],[-83.3943,41.8538],[-83.3978,41.8461],[-83.405,41.8363],[-83.4122,41.8251],[-83.4186,41.8216],[-83.4235,41.8213],[-83.4253,41.8214],[-83.438,41.813],[-83.4416,41.8027],[-83.4396,41.7913],[-83.4353,41.7775],[-83.4304,41.7633],[-83.4236,41.7482],[-83.4214,41.7431],[-83.4222,41.7381],[-83.426,41.7364],[-83.4302,41.7383],[-83.4294,41.7433],[-83.4291,41.7506],[-83.4326,41.7543],[-83.4324,41.7593],[-83.4335,41.7611],[-83.4445,41.7768],[-83.443,41.7841],[-83.4459,41.7891],[-83.4438,41.7936],[-83.4463,41.7937],[-83.4534,41.7861],[-83.4589,41.7872],[-83.459,41.7854],[-83.4547,41.7834],[-83.4551,41.7762],[-83.4446,41.7618],[-83.4465,41.7596],[-83.4538,41.7625],[-83.4655,41.7632],[-83.4711,41.7602],[-83.4707,41.7565],[-83.4744,41.7553],[-83.4739,41.753],[-83.4665,41.7533],[-83.4624,41.7495],[-83.4637,41.7464],[-83.4675,41.7442],[-83.4737,41.7435],[-83.4774,41.7435],[-83.4781,41.7422],[-83.4751,41.7403],[-83.4796,41.7363],[-83.484,41.7328],[-83.7663,41.7229],[-83.7714,41.9068],[-83.7763,42.0823],[-83.6563,42.0833],[-83.5399,42.0853],[-83.4235,42.0876],[-83.4233,42.0921],[-83.3088,42.0943],[-83.2952,42.0944],[-83.2885,42.0906],[-83.2849,42.0892],[-83.2802,42.0827],[-83.2779,42.0786],[-83.2756,42.0749]]],[[[-83.4507,41.7338],[-83.4611,41.7338],[-83.4586,41.7367],[-83.4566,41.7403],[-83.4535,41.7416],[-83.4505,41.7402],[-83.4487,41.7383],[-83.4494,41.737],[-83.4507,41.7338]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Kirsten V.","contributorId":98822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239,"text":"sir20045216 - 2004 - Hydrologic, soil, and vegetation gradients in remnant and constructed riparian wetlands in west-central Missouri, 2001-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T11:20:31","indexId":"sir20045216","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5216","title":"Hydrologic, soil, and vegetation gradients in remnant and constructed riparian wetlands in west-central Missouri, 2001-04","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation at the Four Rivers Conservation Area (west-central Missouri), between January 2001 and March 2004, to examine the relations between environmental factors (hydrology, soils, elevation, and landform type) and the spatial distribution of vegetation in remnant and constructed riparian wetlands. Vegetation characterization included species composition of ground, understory, and overstory layers in selected landforms of a remnant bottomland hardwood ecosystem, monitoring survival and growth of reforestation plots in leveed and partially leveed constructed wetlands, and determining gradients in colonization of herbaceous vegetation in a constructed wetland.
Similar environmental factors accounted for variation in the distribution of ground, understory, and overstory vegetation in the remnant bottomland forest plots. The primary measured determining factors in the distribution of vegetation in the ground layer were elevation, soil texture (clay and silt content), flooding inundation duration, and ponding duration, while the distribution of vegetation in the understory layer was described by elevation, soil texture (clay, silt, and sand content), total flooding and ponding inundation duration, and distance from the Marmaton or Little Osage River. The primary measured determining factors in the distribution of overstory vegetation in Unit 1 were elevation, soil texture (clay, silt, and sand content), total flooding and ponding inundation duration, ponding duration, and to some extent, flooding inundation duration.
Overall, the composition and structure of the remnant bottomland forest is indicative of a healthy, relatively undisturbed flood plain forest. Dominant species have a distribution of individuals that shows regeneration of these species with significant recruitment in the smaller size classes. The bottomland forest is an area whose overall hydrology has not been significantly altered; however, portions of the area have suffered from hydrologic alteration by a drainage ditch that is resulting in the displacement of swamp and marsh species by colonizing shrub and tree species. This area likely will continue to develop into an immature flood plain forest under the current (2004) hydrologic regime.
Reforestation plots in constructed wetlands consisted of sampling survival and growth of multiple tree species (Quercus palustris, pin oak; Carya illinoiensis, pecan) established under several production methods and planted at multiple elevations. Comparison of survival between tree species and production types showed no significant differences for all comparisons. Survival was high for both species and all production types, with the highest mortality seen in the mounded root production method (RPM®) Quercus palustris (pin oak, 6.9 percent), while direct seeded Quercus palustris at middle elevation and bare root Quercus palustris seedlings at the low elevation plots had 100 percent survival. Measures of growth (diameter and height) were assessed among species, production types, and elevation by analyzing relative growth. The greatest rate of tree diameter (72.3 percent) and height (65.3 percent) growth was observed for direct seeded Quercus palustris trees planted at a middle elevation site.
Natural colonized vegetation data were collected at multiple elevations within an abandoned cropland area of a constructed wetland. The primary measured determining factors in the distribution of herbaceous vegetation in this area were elevation, ponding duration, and soil texture. Richness, evenness, and diversity were all significantly greater in the highest elevation plots as a result of more recent disturbance in this area.
While flood frequency and duration define the delivery mechanism for inundation on the flood plain, it is the duration of ponding and amount of “topographic capture” of these floodwaters in fluvial landforms that largely determines the survivability and distribution of tree species in both remnant and constructed wetlands. Ponding, flooding, ground-water levels, and precipitation all accounted for saturated conditions in the upper soil profiles in the Four Rivers Conservation Area monitoring sites. Of these processes, ponding and flooding were the primary factors accounting for soil saturation conditions. The identification of landform features in undisturbed settings, therefore, can be an important aide in predicting the sustainable spatial distribution of various plant species in riparian revegetation projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045216","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Mettler-Cherry, P.A., 2004, Hydrologic, soil, and vegetation gradients in remnant and constructed riparian wetlands in west-central Missouri, 2001-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5216, ix, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045216.","productDescription":"ix, 160 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e98c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mettler-Cherry, Paige A.","contributorId":98823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettler-Cherry","given":"Paige","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233,"text":"fs20043077 - 2004 - Lake Worth bottom sediments : A chronicle of water-quality changes in western Fort Worth, Texas, 1914-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:30:25","indexId":"fs20043077","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3077","title":"Lake Worth bottom sediments : A chronicle of water-quality changes in western Fort Worth, Texas, 1914-2001","docAbstract":"In spring 2000, the Texas Department of Health issued a fish-consumption advisory for Lake Worth, Tex., because of elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish (Texas Department of Health, 2000). In response to the advisory and in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected 21 surficial samples and three deeper gravity core samples from the sediment deposited at the bottom of Lake Worth. The purpose of that study was to assess the spatial distribution and historical trends of selected hydrophobic contaminants, including PCBs, and to determine, to the extent possible, sources of selected metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to Lake Worth. Hydrophobic (literally “water fearing”) contaminants tend to chemically adsorb to soils and sediments. Fifteen of the top 20 contaminants on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001) priority list of hazardous substances are hydrophobic.
Chemical analysis of sediment cores is one method that can be used to determine trends in HOCs such as PCBs. As sediments accumulate in lakes and reservoirs, they generate a partial historical record of water quality. This fact sheet describes the collection of sediment cores, age-dating methods, and historical trends in PCBs in Lake Worth sediments. The fact sheet also describes the spatial distribution of PCBs in surficial sediments and concludes with objectives for the second phase of data collection and the approach that will be used to achieve these objectives. The USGS published a comprehensive report on the first phase of the study (Harwell and others, 2003).
Lake Worth is a reservoir on the West Fork Trinity River on the western edge of Fort Worth in Tarrant County. In 1914, the City of Fort Worth completed the reservoir to serve as a municipal water supply. Lake Worth has a surface area of 13.2 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 47 million cubic meters. The drainage area to the reservoir is 5,350 square kilometers(Ruddy and Hitt, 1990). The surrounding area to the south and east is primarily urban, and the area to the north and northwest is mostly residential.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043077","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Harwell, G.R., 2004, Lake Worth bottom sediments : A chronicle of water-quality changes in western Fort Worth, Texas, 1914-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3077, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043077.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3077.bmp"},{"id":338692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3077/pdf/FS_2004-3077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":6946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.49954223632812,\n 32.76360396952606\n ],\n [\n -97.40341186523436,\n 32.76360396952606\n ],\n [\n -97.40341186523436,\n 32.83690450361482\n ],\n [\n -97.49954223632812,\n 32.83690450361482\n ],\n [\n -97.49954223632812,\n 32.76360396952606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, Glenn R. gharwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Glenn","email":"gharwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}