Examination of benthic foraminifera from six vibracores collected from a relict flood tidal delta near the Virginia/North Carolina border documents the assemblages associated with a former inlet and provides geologic evidence of this former inlet that once defined the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina along the Outer Banks. Three distinct foraminiferal assemblages were identified. The oldest assemblage contained abundant and diverse forms, dominated by Elphidium excavatum and several other calcareous species typical of shallow nearshore areas. Sediment immediately below and above this diverse calcareous assemblage was barren or nearly barren of foraminifera. A medium-salinity agglutinated marsh assemblage characterized mainly by Trochammina inflata with fewer Tiphotrocha comprimata overlies the uppermost barren unit. The core top assemblage was dominated by low-salinity marsh species Jadammina macrescens, Miliammina petila and Miliammina fusca.
A comparison of these vertically-stacked assemblages with the modern geographic distribution of assemblages in the Outer Banks estuarine system and on the nearby continental shelf reveals a succession of depositional environments proceeding from estuarine and flood tidal delta to medium salinity marsh to lower salinity marsh. These changes in depositional environments reflect a rapid and dramatic increase in salinity caused by the opening of an inlet followed by a gradual decrease in salinity due to inlet shoaling and eventual marsh colonization of the flood tidal delta. These changes cannot be determined through sedimentological studies alone; micropaleontological analysis is required.
We conclude this distinctive trend of changing depositional environments constitutes paleontological evidence of the origin and evolution of Old Currituck Inlet that breached the barrier spit prior to 1585AD, actively built a flood tidal delta for more than 145 years, and then closed in 1731AD allowing the flood tidal delta to become colonized by marsh species.
","language":"English","publisher":" American Museum of Natural History","doi":"10.2113/gsmicropal.52.1.67","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., and McBride, R., 2006, Benthic foraminifera from a relict flood tidal delta along the Virginia/North Carolina Outer Banks: Micropaleontology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsmicropal.52.1.67.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.0858154296875,\n 35.62381451392674\n ],\n [\n -75.41290283203125,\n 35.62381451392674\n ],\n [\n -75.41290283203125,\n 36.69044623523481\n ],\n [\n -76.0858154296875,\n 36.69044623523481\n ],\n [\n -76.0858154296875,\n 35.62381451392674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, R.A.","contributorId":13257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143009,"text":"70143009 - 2006 - Predicting toxic effects of copper on aquatic biota in mineralized areas by using the Biotic Ligand Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T13:09:28","indexId":"70143009","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-26T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predicting toxic effects of copper on aquatic biota in mineralized areas by using the Biotic Ligand Model","docAbstract":"The chemical speciation of metals influences their biological effects. The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) is a computational approach to predict chemical speciation and acute toxicological effects of metals on aquatic biota. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM into their regulatory water-quality criteria for copper. Results from three different laboratory copper toxicity tests were compared with BLM predictions for simulated test-waters. This was done to evaluate the ability of the BLM to accurately predict the effects of hardness and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron on aquatic toxicity. In addition, we evaluated whether the BLM and the three toxicity tests provide consistent results. Comparison of BLM predictions with two types of Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity tests shows that there is fairly good agreement between predicted LC50 values computed by the BLM and LC50 values determined from the two toxicity tests. Specifically, the effect of increasing calcium concentration (and hardness) on copper toxicity appears to be minimal. Also, there is fairly good agreement between the BLM and the two toxicity tests for test solutions containing elevated DOC, for which the LC50 is 3-to-5 times greater (less toxic) than the LC50 for the lower-DOC test water. This illustrates the protective effects of DOC on copper toxicity and demonstrates the ability of the BLM to predict these protective effects. In contrast, for test solutions with added iron there is a decrease in LC50 values (increase in toxicity) in results from the two C. dubia toxicity tests, and the agreement between BLM LC50 predictions and results from these toxicity tests is poor. The inability of the BLM to account for competitive iron binding to DOC or DOC fractionation may be a significant shortcoming of the BLM for predicting site- specific water-quality criteria in streams affected by iron-rich acidic drainage in mined and mineralized areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","conferenceDate":"03/26/2006","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Lexington, KY","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.S., Ranville, J., Adams, M., Choate, L.M., Church, S.E., Fey, D.L., Wanty, R.B., and Crock, J.G., 2006, Predicting toxic effects of copper on aquatic biota in mineralized areas by using the Biotic Ligand Model, in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, St. Louis, MO, 03/26/2006, p. 2055-2077.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"2055","endPage":"2077","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507fec8e4b02e76d757c15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranville, James F.","contributorId":31797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M.","contributorId":81176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":542430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70142990,"text":"70142990 - 2006 - Integrating bioavailability approaches into waste rock evaluations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T10:31:20","indexId":"70142990","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating bioavailability approaches into waste rock evaluations","docAbstract":"The presence of toxic metals in soils affected by mining, industry, agriculture and urbanization, presents problems to human health, the establishment and maintenance of plant and animal habitats, and the rehabilitation of affected areas. A key to managing these problems is predicting the fraction of metal in a given soil that will be biologically labile, and potentially harmful ('bioavailable'). The molecular form of metals and metalloids, particularly the uncomplexed (free) form, controls their bioavailability and toxicity in solution. One computational approach for determining bioavailability, the biotic ligand model (BLM), takes into account not only metal complexation by ligands in solution, but also competitive binding of hardness cations (Ca 2+,Mg 2+,) and metal ions to biological receptor sites. The more direct approach to assess bioavailability is to explicitly measure the response of an organism to a contaminant. A number of microbial enzyme tests have been developed to assess the impact of pollution in a rapid and procedurally simple way. These different approaches in making bioavailability predictions may have value in setting landuse priorities, remediation goals, and habitat reclamation strategies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","conferenceDate":"03/26/2006","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Lexington, KY","usgsCitation":"Ranville, J., Blumenstein, E.P., Adams, M.J., Choate, L.M., Smith, K.S., and Wildeman, T.R., 2006, Integrating bioavailability approaches into waste rock evaluations, in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, St. Louis, MO, 03/26/2006, p. 1642-1653.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1642","endPage":"1653","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507fec1e4b02e76d757c14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranville, James F.","contributorId":31797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumenstein, E. P.","contributorId":139595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blumenstein","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wildeman, Thomas R.","contributorId":57943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildeman","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209574,"text":"70209574 - 2006 - Simulating Arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T12:30:43.379098","indexId":"70209574","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-26T08:08:23","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating Arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation","docAbstract":"In the future, Arctic warming and the melting of polar glaciers will be considerable, but the magnitude of both is uncertain. We used a global climate model, a dynamic ice sheet model, and paleoclimatic data to evaluate Northern Hemisphere high-latitude warming and its impact on Arctic icefields during the Last Interglaciation. Our simulated climate matches paleoclimatic observations of past warming, and the combination of physically based climate and ice-sheet modeling with ice-core constraints indicate that the Greenland Ice Sheet and other circum-Arctic ice fields likely contributed 2.2 to 3.4 meters of sea-level rise during the Last Interglaciation.
A fundamental problem in the simulation of karst ground-water flow and solute transport is how best to represent aquifer heterogeneity as defined by the spatial distribution of porosity, permeability, and storage. Combined analyses of cyclostratigraphy, including lithofacies and depositional environments, and borehole-geophysical logs, has improved the conceptualization of porosity, permeability, and storage within the triple-porosity karstic Biscayne aquifer in an approximately 95-square-mile study area of Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida. The triple porosity of the Biscayne aquifer is principally: (1) matrix of interparticle and separate-vug porosity, providing much of the storage, and under dynamic conditions, diffuse-carbonate flow; (2) touching-vug porosity creating stratiform ground-water flow passageways; and (3) less common conduit porosity composed mainly of bedding-plane vugs, thin solution pipes, and cavernous vugs. These three conduit porosity types are all pathways for conduit ground-water flow.
To develop an accurate three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the Biscayne aquifer in the study area, a detailed analysis of data was conducted that include continuously drilled cores, digital borehole images, borehole-fluid conductivity and temperature logs, and borehole-flowmeter measurements from 25 wells that fully penetrate the Biscayne aquifer. Six depositional environments for major lithologic components of the Biscayne aquifer--the Tamiami Formation, Fort Thompson Formation, and Miami Limestone--include: (1) middle ramp, (2) platform margin-to-outer platform, (3) open-marine platform interior, (4) restricted platform interior, (5) brackish platform interior, and (6) freshwater terrestrial environments. High-frequency cycles form the fundamental building blocks of the rocks composing the Biscayne aquifer. Vertical lithofacies successions, which have stacking patterns that reoccur, fit within the high-frequency cycles. Upward-shallowing subtidal cycles, upward-shallowing paralic cycles, and aggradational subtidal cycles define three types of ideal high-frequency cycles that occur within the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone. Based on vertical cycle patterns, high-frequency cycles group into two cycle sets: an older progradational cycle set and an overlying younger aggradational cycle.
A primary observation is that a predictable vertical pattern of porosity and permeability commonly exists within the three ideal cycles because the porosity and permeability relate directly to lithofacies. Sixteen major lithofacies of the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone have been assigned to one of three pore classes (I, II, and III). Touching-vug porosity and conduit porosity characterize pore class I, which commonly comprises the lower part of upward-shallowing cycles within the Fort Thompson Formation and an upper aggradational cycle of the Miami Limestone. Matrix porosity distinguishes pore class II, which commonly occurs in the upper part of the upward-shallowing subtidal cycles and middle part of the upward-shallowing paralic cycles. Micrite-dominated, leaky, low-permeability lithologies are characteristic of pore class III, which commonly caps upward-shallowing paralic cycles and occurs throughout much of a lower aggradational cycle of the Miami Limestone. These relations among lithofacies, cyclicity, and aquifer attributes (porosity, permeability, and storage) are crucial features of the architecture of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer. This study shows that development of these relations is critical to producing a realistic cycle-based karstic aquifer framework for the Biscayne aquifer and for karst aquifers within other platform carbonates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055235","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., Wacker, M.A., Robinson, E., Dixon, J.F., and Wingard, G.L., 2006, A cyclostratigraphic and borehole-geophysical approach to development of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5235, Report: vi, 69 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055235.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 69 p.; Database","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5235.jpg"},{"id":7015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110631,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75769.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75769"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 25.06569718553588\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 25.21488107113259\n ],\n [\n -80.1507568359375,\n 25.903703303407667\n ],\n [\n -80.57922363281249,\n 25.849336891707605\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Edward","contributorId":99633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":75663,"text":"sir20055259 - 2006 - Predicting the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification and potential effects on aquatic biota in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:53:52","indexId":"sir20055259","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5259","title":"Predicting the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification and potential effects on aquatic biota in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"Acidic deposition is one of the most serious environmental problems affecting Shenandoah National Park in north-central Virginia. The park is the third most contaminated park in the National Park System because of the deposition of acid rain. Acid rain affects headwater streams in the park by temporarily reducing the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of the water, a process termed episodic acidification. In turn, the increase in acidic components in streamwater can have deleterious effects on the aquatic biota.
Although acidic deposition to the park is relatively uniform across its land area, the water-quality response of streamwater during rain events varies substantially. This response is a function of the underlying geology and topographic attributes of watersheds.
Geologic and topographic data for the park's 231 watersheds are readily available; however, long-term (years and tens of years) measurements of streamwater ANC and accompanying discharge are not and would be prohibitively expensive to collect. Modeled predictions of the vulnerability of the park's streams to episodic acidification are an alternative to long-term water-quality monitoring. These predictions can aid park officials in making management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Deviney, F.A., Hornberger, G., and Webb, J., 2006, Predicting the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification and potential effects on aquatic biota in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5259, vii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055259.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5259/sir05_5259.pdf"},{"id":7026,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ],\n [\n -78.1512451171875,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.12103271484375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -78.1182861328125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -78.19244384765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -78.25286865234375,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -78.24188232421875,\n 38.83756825896614\n ],\n [\n -78.30230712890624,\n 38.841846903808985\n ],\n [\n -78.3929443359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 38.713375686254714\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -78.4918212890625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -78.71429443359375,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -78.80218505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 38.21012996629426\n ],\n [\n -78.82965087890625,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -78.82415771484375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -78.70330810546875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -78.56597900390625,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -78.45611572265625,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -78.37921142578125,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deviney, Frank A.","contributorId":22447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deviney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, James R.","contributorId":74431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176793,"text":"70176793 - 2006 - Source parameters of microearthquakes at Mount St Helens (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T17:13:11","indexId":"70176793","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters of microearthquakes at Mount St Helens (USA)","docAbstract":"We estimate the source parameters for a selection of microearthquakes that occurred at Mount St Helens in the period 1995–1998. Excluding the activity of 2004 September, this time period includes the most intense episode of earthquake activity since the last dome-building eruption in 1986 October. 200 seismograms were processed to obtain seismic moments, source radii, stress drops and average fault slip. The source parameters were determined from the spectral analysis of P waves, after correction for attenuation and site effects. In particular, P-wave quality (Qp) and site (S) factors have been previously calculated in the frequency ranges 2–7 Hz and 18–30 Hz. Because it was impossible to perform corrections for Qp and S over the whole spectrum we applied a new approach, based on the notion of ‘holed spectrum’, to estimate spectral parameters. The term ‘holed spectrum’ indicates a spectrum lacking corrected spectral amplitude values at certain frequencies. We carried out a statistical study to verify that dealing with the ‘holed spectrum’ does not lead to significant differences in the estimates of spectral parameters. We also investigated the dependence of spectral parameters (low-frequency level, corner frequency and high-frequency decay) on the bandwidth of spectral hole, and defined the threshold values for three different spectral models. Displacement ‘holed spectra’, corrected by attenuation and site response, are then used to determine spectral parameters in order to calculate seismic source parameters. Seismic moments range from 1017 to 1019 dyne-cm, source dimensions from 100 to 350 m, and average fault slip from 0.003 to 0.1 cm. Self-similarity seems to break down in that stress drops are very low (0.1–1 bars). We postulate that seismicity is associated with a brittle shear failure mechanism occurring in a highly heterogeneous material under a relatively low stress regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03025.x","usgsCitation":"Tusa, G., Brancato, A., Gresta, S., and Malone, S.D., 2006, Source parameters of microearthquakes at Mount St Helens (USA): Geophysical Journal International, v. 166, no. 3, p. 1193-1223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03025.x.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.03025.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -122.4,\n 46.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d33e4b0824b2d14b0e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tusa, Giuseppina","contributorId":175170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tusa","given":"Giuseppina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brancato, Alfonso","contributorId":175171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brancato","given":"Alfonso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gresta, Stefano","contributorId":175172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gresta","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, Stephen D.","contributorId":68135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":75373,"text":"ofr20061019 - 2006 - Burial and thermal history of the central Appalachian basin, based on three 2-D models of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ofr20061019","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1019","title":"Burial and thermal history of the central Appalachian basin, based on three 2-D models of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Introduction: Three regional-scale, cross sectional (2-D) burial and thermal history models are presented for the central Appalachian basin based on the detailed geologic cross sections of Ryder and others (2004), Crangle and others (2005), and Ryder, R.T., written communication. The models integrate the available thermal and geologic information to constrain the burial, uplift, and erosion history of the region. The models are restricted to the relatively undeformed part of the basin and extend from the Rome trough in West Virginia and Pennsylvania northwestward to the Findlay arch in Ohio. This study expands the scope of previous work by Rowan and others (2004) which presented a preliminary burial/thermal history model for a cross section (E-E') through West Virginia and Ohio. In the current study, the burial/thermal history model for E-E' is revised, and integrated with results of two additional cross sectional models (D-D' and C-C'). \r\n\r\nThe burial/thermal history models provide calculated thermal maturity (Ro%) values for the entire stratigraphic sequence, including hydrocarbon source rocks, along each of the three cross sections. In contrast, the Ro and conodont CAI data available in the literature are sparse and limited to specific stratigraphic intervals. The burial/thermal history models also provide the regional temperature and pressure framework that is needed to model hydrocarbon migration.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061019","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E.L., 2006, Burial and thermal history of the central Appalachian basin, based on three 2-D models of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1019, 37 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061019.","productDescription":"37 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7269,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Elisabeth L. 0000-0001-5753-6189 erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31362,"text":"ofr00444 - 2000 - Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","indexId":"ofr00444","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"ofr20061037","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:05:14","indexId":"ofr20061037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1037","title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a map and database of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility for the urban core of the San Francisco Bay region. It supercedes the equivalent area of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-444 (Knudsen and others, 2000), which covers the larger 9-county San Francisco Bay region. The report consists of (1) a spatial database, (2) two small-scale colored maps (Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility), (3) a text describing the Quaternary map and liquefaction interpretation (part 3), and (4) a text introducing the report and describing the database (part 1). All parts of the report are digital; part 1 describes the database and digital files and how to obtain them by downloading across the internet. The nine counties surrounding San Francisco Bay straddle the San Andreas fault system, which exposes the region to serious earthquake hazard (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1999). Much of the land adjacent to the Bay and the major rivers and streams is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that are particularly vulnerable to earthquake shaking and liquefaction of water-saturated granular sediment. This new map provides a consistent detailed treatment of the central part of the 9-county region in which much of the mapping of Open-File Report 00-444 was either at smaller (less detailed) scale or represented only preliminary revision of earlier work. Like Open-File Report 00-444, the current mapping uses geomorphic expression, pedogenic soils, inferred depositional environments, and geologic age to define and distinguish the map units. Further scrutiny of the factors controlling liquefaction susceptibility has led to some changes relative to Open-File Report 00-444: particularly the reclassification of San Francisco Bay mud (Qhbm) to have only MODERATE susceptibility and the rating of artificial fills according to the Quaternary map units inferred to underlie them (other than dams - adf). The two colored maps provide a regional summary of the new mapping at a scale of 1:200,000, a scale that is sufficient to show the general distribution and relationships of the map units but not to distinguish the more detailed elements that are present in the database. The report is the product of cooperative work by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, William Lettis and & Associates, Inc. (WLA), and the California Geological Survey. An earlier version was submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey by WLA as a final report for a NEHRP grant (Witter and others, 2005). The mapping has been carried out by WLA geologists under contract to the NEHRP Earthquake Program (Grant 99-HQ-GR-0095) and by the California Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Knudsen, K.L., Sowers, J.M., Wentworth, C.M., Koehler, R., Randolph, C.E., Brooks, S.K., and Gans, K.D., 2006, Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California (Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1037, Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061037.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110620,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75358"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,37.1175 ], [ -123,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,37.1175 ], [ -123,37.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, Keith L. 0000-0003-2826-5812 kknudsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5812","contributorId":3758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Keith","email":"kknudsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowers, Janet M.","contributorId":51318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, Richard D.","contributorId":76993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randolph, Carolyn E.","contributorId":33581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Suzanna K.","contributorId":77183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Suzanna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gans, Kathleen D. 0000-0002-7545-9655 kgans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-9655","contributorId":5403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"Kathleen","email":"kgans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":75283,"text":"ofr20061042 - 2006 - Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20061042","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1042","title":"Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report contains 10 interpretive cross sections and an integrated text describing the geology of parts of the Colorado, White River, and Death Valley regional ground-water flow systems, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The primary purpose of the report is to provide geologic framework data for input into a numerical ground-water model. Therefore, the stratigraphic and structural summaries are written in a hydrogeologic context.\r\n\r\nThe oldest rocks (basement) are Early Proterozoic metamorphic and intrusive crystalline rocks that are considered confining units because of their low permeability. Late Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian clastic units overlie the crystalline rocks and are also considered confining units within the regional flow systems. Above the clastic units are Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks that are the primary aquifers in the flow systems. The Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks are overlain by a sequence of mainly clastic rocks of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic age that are mostly considered confining units, but they may be permeable where faulted.\r\n\r\nTertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks are exposed in the northern and southern parts of the study area. In the Clover and Delamar Mountains, these rocks are highly deformed by north- and northwest-striking normal and strike-slip faults that are probably important conduits in transmitting ground water from the basins in the northern Colorado and White River flow systems to basins in the southern part of the flow systems.\r\n\r\nThe youngest rocks in the region are Tertiary to Quaternary basin-fill deposits. These rocks consist of middle to late Tertiary sediments consisting of limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, tuff, and gypsum, and younger Quaternary surficial units consisting of alluvium, colluvium, playa deposits, and eolian deposits. Basin-fill deposits are both aquifers and aquitards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061042","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2006, Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1042, iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061042.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a26c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75263,"text":"ofr20061036 - 2006 - Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20061036","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1036","title":"Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples","docAbstract":"This report contains X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of mineralogy for 81 sediment samples from cores taken from three drill holes in the Los Angeles Basin in 2000-2001. We analyzed 26 samples from Pier F core, 29 from Pier C core, and 26 from the Webster core. These three sites provide an offshore-onshore record across the Southern California coastal zone. This report is designed to be a data repository; these data will be used in further studies, including geochemical modeling as part of the CABRILLO project. Summary tables quantify the major mineral groups, whereas detailed mineralogy is presented in three appendices. The rationale, methodology, and techniques are described in the following paper.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061036","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., McIntyre, B.R., Edwards, B.D., and Lakota, O.I., 2006, Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples (Version 1.0, revised and reprinted): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1036, iii, 27 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061036.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.: ill.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0, revised and reprinted","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, Brandie R.","contributorId":98812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Brandie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lakota, Orion I.","contributorId":33396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakota","given":"Orion","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":75123,"text":"cir1290 - 2006 - USGS science in Menlo Park -- a science strategy for the U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park Science Center, 2005-2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:07:39","indexId":"cir1290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1290","title":"USGS science in Menlo Park -- a science strategy for the U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park Science Center, 2005-2015","docAbstract":"In the spring of 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Menlo Park Center Council commissioned an interdisciplinary working group to develop a forward-looking science strategy for the USGS Menlo Park Science Center in California (hereafter also referred to as \"the Center\"). The Center has been the flagship research center for the USGS in the western United States for more than 50 years, and the Council recognizes that science priorities must be the primary consideration guiding critical decisions made about the future evolution of the Center. In developing this strategy, the working group consulted widely within the USGS and with external clients and collaborators, so that most stakeholders had an opportunity to influence the science goals and operational objectives.
The Science Goals are to:
The strategy presents seven key Operational Objectives with specific actions to achieve the scientific goals. These Operational Objectives are to:
In the decade following documented volcanic activity on the East Pacific Rise near 9°50′N, we monitored hydrothermal vent fluid temperature variations in conjunction with approximately yearly vent fluid sampling to better understand the processes and physical conditions that govern the evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems. The temperature of both diffuse flow (low-temperature) and focused flow (high-temperature) vent fluids decreased significantly within several years of eruptions in 1991 and 1992. After mid-1994, focused flow vents generally exhibited periods of relatively stable, slowly varying temperatures, with occasional high- and low-temperature excursions lasting days to weeks. One such positive temperature excursion was associated with a crustal cracking event. Another with both positive and negative excursions demonstrated a subsurface connection between adjacent focused flow and diffuse flow vents. Diffuse flow vents exhibit much greater temperature variability than adjacent higher-temperature vents. On timescales of a week or less, temperatures at a given position within a diffuse flow field often varied by 5°–10°C, synchronous with near-bottom currents dominated by tidal and inertial forcing. On timescales of a week and longer, diffuse flow temperatures varied slowly and incoherently among different vent fields. At diffuse flow vent sites, the conceptual model of a thermal boundary layer immediately above the seafloor explains many of the temporal and spatial temperature variations observed within a single vent field. The thermal boundary layer is a lens of warm water injected from beneath the seafloor that is mixed and distended by lateral near-bottom currents. The volume of the boundary layer is delineated by the position of mature communities of sessile (e.g., tubeworms) and relatively slow-moving organisms (e.g., mussels). Vertical flow rates of hydrothermal fluids exiting the seafloor at diffuse vents are less than lateral flow rates of near-bottom currents (5–10 cm/s). The presence of a subsurface, shallow reservoir of warm hydrothermal fluids can explain differing temperature behaviors of adjacent diffuse flow and focused flow vents at 9°50′N. Different average temperatures and daily temperature ranges are explained by variable amounts of mixing of hydrothermal fluids with ambient seawater through subsurface conduits that have varying lateral permeability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GC001094","usgsCitation":"Scheirer, D., Shank, T., and Fornari, D.J., 2006, Temperature variations at diffuse and focused flow hydrothermal vent sites along the northern East Pacific Rise: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, v. 7, no. 3, Q03002, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001094.","productDescription":"Q03002, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"East Pacific Rise","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.3,\n 9.841667\n ],\n [\n -104.3,\n 9.825\n ],\n [\n -104.2833,\n 9.825\n ],\n [\n -104.2833,\n 9.841667\n ],\n [\n -104.3,\n 9.841667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. dscheirer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shank, Timothy M.","contributorId":100722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fornari, Daniel J.","contributorId":93556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176312,"text":"70176312 - 2006 - Confirmation and calibration of computer modeling of tsunamis produced by Augustine volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T17:44:59","indexId":"70176312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3351,"text":"Science of Tsunami Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confirmation and calibration of computer modeling of tsunamis produced by Augustine volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of effluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C90d10EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the <10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1007/s002440010274","usgsCitation":"Nemeth, N.M., Hahn, D., Gould, D.H., and Bowen, R.A., 2006, Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio): Avian Diseases, v. 50, no. 2, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010274.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 28.270520445825415\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 28.270520445825415\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 30.5764500266181\n ],\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 30.5764500266181\n ],\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 28.270520445825415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemeth, Nicole M","contributorId":270049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemeth","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, D. H.","contributorId":24471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242730,"text":"70242730 - 2006 - Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T14:25:04.4966","indexId":"70242730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T09:21:40","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8957,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Puleo, J., Mouraenko, O., and Hanes, D.M., 2006, Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, v. 132, no. 2, p. 141-142.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puleo, Jack A.","contributorId":108287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puleo","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mouraenko, O.","contributorId":37510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouraenko","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159626,"text":"70159626 - 2006 - Intra-seasonal NDVI change projections in semi-arid Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T11:31:30","indexId":"70159626","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-seasonal NDVI change projections in semi-arid Africa","docAbstract":"Early warning systems (EWS) tend to focus on the identification of slow onset disasters such famine and epidemic disease. Since hazardous environmental conditions often precede disastrous outcomes by many months, effective monitoring via satellite and in situ observations can successfully guide mitigation activities. Accurate short term forecasts of NDVI could increase lead times, making early warning earlier. This paper presents a simple empirical model for making 1 to 4 month NDVI projections. These statistical projections are based on parameterized satellite rainfall estimates (RFE) and relative humidity demand (RHD). A quasi-global, 1 month ahead, 1° study demonstrates reasonable accuracies in many semi-arid regions. In Africa, a 0.1° cross-validated skill assessment quantifies the technique's applicability at 1 to 4 month forecast intervals. These results suggest that useful projections can be made over many semi-arid, food insecure regions of Africa, with plausible extensions to drought prone areas of Asia, Australia and South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.014","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., and Brown, M.E., 2006, Intra-seasonal NDVI change projections in semi-arid Africa: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 101, no. 2, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717cbe4b0e2669b313116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Molly E.","contributorId":62490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029464,"text":"70029464 - 2006 - Conservation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in teleost fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:52:58","indexId":"70029464","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1290,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D: Genomics and Proteomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in teleost fish","docAbstract":"In mammals, toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize ligands, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and respond with ligand-specific induction of genes. In this study, we establish evolutionary conservation in teleost fish of key components of the TLR-signaling pathway that act as switches for differential gene induction, including MYD88, TIRAP, TRIF, TRAF6, IRF3, and IRF7. We further explore this conservation with a molecular phylogenetic analysis of MYD88. To the extent that current genomic analysis can establish, each vertebrate has one ortholog to each of these genes. For molecular tree construction and phylogeny inference, we demonstrate a methodology for including genes with only partial primary sequences without disrupting the topology provided by the high-confidence full-length sequences. Conservation of the TLR-signaling molecules suggests that the basic program of gene regulation by the TLR-signaling pathway is conserved across vertebrates. To test this hypothesis, leukocytes from a model fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were stimulated with known mammalian TLR agonists including: diacylated and triacylated forms of lipoprotein, flagellin, two forms of LPS, synthetic double-stranded RNA, and two imidazoquinoline compounds (loxoribine and R848). Trout leukocytes responded in vitro to a number of these agonists with distinct patterns of cytokine expression that correspond to mammalian responses. Our results support the key prediction from our phylogenetic analyses that strong selective pressure of pathogenic microbes has preserved both TLR recognition and signaling functions during vertebrate evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2005.07.003","issn":"1744117X","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M.K., Smith, K., Aderem, A., Hood, L., Winton, J., and Roach, J., 2006, Conservation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in teleost fish: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, v. 1, no. 1, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2005.07.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1524722","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9eee4b0c8380cd4d820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.D.","contributorId":64003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aderem, A.","contributorId":41645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aderem","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hood, L.","contributorId":40795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roach, J.C.","contributorId":19362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":74853,"text":"ofr20061020 - 2006 - Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"ofr20061020","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1020","title":"Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty","docAbstract":"Introduction: This report explores how uncertainty in an earthquake source model may affect estimates of earthquake economic loss. Specifically, it focuses on the earthquake source model for the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR) created by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities. The loss calculations are made using HAZUS-MH, a publicly available computer program developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for calculating future losses from earthquakes, floods and hurricanes within the United States. The database built into HAZUS-MH includes a detailed building inventory, population data, data on transportation corridors, bridges, utility lifelines, etc. Earthquake hazard in the loss calculations is based upon expected (median value) ground motion maps called ShakeMaps calculated for the scenario earthquake sources defined in WGCEP. \r\n\r\nThe study considers the effect of relaxing certain assumptions in the WG02 model, and explores the effect of hypothetical reductions in epistemic uncertainty in parts of the model. For example, it addresses questions such as what would happen to the calculated loss distribution if the uncertainty in slip rate in the WG02 model were reduced (say, by obtaining additional geologic data)? What would happen if the geometry or amount of aseismic slip (creep) on the region's faults were better known? And what would be the effect on the calculated loss distribution if the time-dependent earthquake probability were better constrained, either by eliminating certain probability models or by better constraining the inherent randomness in earthquake recurrence? \r\n\r\nThe study does not consider the effect of reducing uncertainty in the hazard introduced through models of attenuation and local site characteristics, although these may have a comparable or greater effect than does source-related uncertainty. Nor does it consider sources of uncertainty in the building inventory, building fragility curves, and other assumptions adopted in the loss calculations. This is a sensitivity study aimed at future regional earthquake source modelers, so that they may be informed of the effects on loss introduced by modeling assumptions and epistemic uncertainty in the WG02 earthquake source model. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061020","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P.A., Shostak, N., and Terwilliger, S., 2006, Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1020, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061020.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f79b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":35760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shostak, Nan","contributorId":93145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shostak","given":"Nan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terwilliger, Sharon","contributorId":82407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terwilliger","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":74543,"text":"sir20065041 - 2006 - Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20065041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5041","title":"Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","docAbstract":"Recharge is a vital component of the ground-water budget and methods for estimating it range from extremely complex to relatively simple. The most commonly used techniques, however, are limited by the scale of application. One method that can be used to estimate ground-water recharge includes process-based models that compute distributed water budgets on a watershed scale. These models should be evaluated to determine which model parameters are the dominant controls in determining ground-water recharge. \r\n\r\nSeven existing watershed models from different humid regions of the United States were chosen to analyze the sensitivity of simulated recharge to model parameters. Parameter sensitivities were determined using a nonlinear regression computer program to generate a suite of diagnostic statistics. The statistics identify model parameters that have the greatest effect on simulated ground-water recharge and that compare and contrast the hydrologic system responses to those parameters.\r\n\r\nSimulated recharge in the Lost River and Big Creek watersheds in Washington State was sensitive to small changes in air temperature. The Hamden watershed model in west-central Minnesota was developed to investigate the relations that wetlands and other landscape features have with runoff processes. Excess soil moisture in the Hamden watershed simulation was preferentially routed to wetlands, instead of to the ground-water system, resulting in little sensitivity of any parameters to recharge. Simulated recharge in the North Fork Pheasant Branch watershed, Wisconsin, demonstrated the greatest sensitivity to parameters related to evapotranspiration. Three watersheds were simulated as part of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX). Parameter sensitivities for the MOPEX watersheds, Amite River, Louisiana and Mississippi, English River, Iowa, and South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, were similar and most sensitive to small changes in air temperature and a user-defined flow routing parameter. \r\n\r\nAlthough the primary objective of this study was to identify, by geographic region, the importance of the parameter value to the simulation of ground-water recharge, the secondary objectives proved valuable for future modeling efforts. The value of a rigorous sensitivity analysis can (1) make the calibration process more efficient, (2) guide additional data collection, (3) identify model limitations, and (4) explain simulated results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065041","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., 2006, Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5041, vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065041.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68016b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73893,"text":"sir20055233 - 2006 - An aquifer-test preprocessor for the ground-water flow model calibration program MODOPTIM and its application to a well field in Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"sir20055233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5233","title":"An aquifer-test preprocessor for the ground-water flow model calibration program MODOPTIM and its application to a well field in Duval County, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055233","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 2006, An aquifer-test preprocessor for the ground-water flow model calibration program MODOPTIM and its application to a well field in Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5233, 62 p.; MODOPTIM executable files online, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055233.","productDescription":"62 p.; MODOPTIM executable files online","numberOfPages":"62","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5233.jpg"},{"id":7511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5233/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6852be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}