{"pageNumber":"986","pageRowStart":"24625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46904,"records":[{"id":4907,"text":"twri09A1 - 2005 - Preparations for water sampling","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4907,"text":"twri09A1 - 2005 - Preparations for water sampling","indexId":"twri09A1","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Preparations for Water Sampling","title":"Preparations for water sampling"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70200972,"text":"tm9A1 - 2018 - Preparations for water sampling","indexId":"tm9A1","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Preparations for water sampling"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70200972,"text":"tm9A1 - 2018 - Preparations for water sampling","indexId":"tm9A1","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Preparations for water sampling"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T14:26:35","indexId":"twri09A1","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"9-A1","displayTitle":"Preparations for Water Sampling","title":"Preparations for water sampling","docAbstract":"<p>The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation’s surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter addresses field-trip preparations, including selection of sample-collection sites for studies of surface-water quality, site reconnaissance and well selection for studies of groundwater quality, and the establishment of electronic files and field files and folders for a sampling site.</p><p>Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters are posted on the World Wide Web on the USGS page \"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data.\" The URL for this page is http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/ (accessed Jan. 31, 2005).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbooks for Water-Resources Investigations (Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations Book 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A1","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F., 2005, Preparations for water sampling (Version 2.0 (2005)): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 9-A1, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A1.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/chapter1/pdffiles/Ch1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 9-A1"},{"id":359103,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a1/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":139884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a1/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 2.0 (2005)","publicComments":"The 2018 release in the Techniques and Methods series supersedes two earlier editions in the Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series. Version 1 was released in 1998 and version 2 was released in 2005.  More details are in the version history document.","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/national-water-quality-program?qt-programs_l2_landing_page=0#qt-programs_l2_landing_page\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/national-water-quality-program?qt-programs_l2_landing_page=0#qt-programs_l2_landing_page\">Chief</a>, Office of Quality Assurance <br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 432<br>Reston, VA 20192</p>","tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":1727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska D.","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50710,"text":"ofr2002429 - 2005 - Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr2002429","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-429","title":"Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Acoustic Flow Monitor (AFM) is a portable system that was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory to detect and monitor debris flows associated with volcanoes. It has been successfully used internationally as part of real-time warning systems in valleys threatened by such flows (Brantley, 1990; Marcial and others, 1996; Lavigne and others, 2000). The AFM system has also been proven to be an effective tool for monitoring some non-volcanic debris flows.\r\n\r\nThis manual is intended to serve as a basic guide for the installation, testing, and maintenance of AFM systems. An overview of how the system works, as well as instructions for installation and guidelines for testing, is included. Interpretation of data is not covered in this manual; rather, the user should refer to the references provided for published examples of AFM data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002429","usgsCitation":"LaHusen, R., 2005, Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-429, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002429.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Projects/AFM/Publications/OFR02-429/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaHusen, Richard","contributorId":97558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58322,"text":"sir20045267 - 2005 - Evaluation of geohydrologic framework, recharge estimates and ground-water flow of the Joshua Tree area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"sir20045267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5267","title":"Evaluation of geohydrologic framework, recharge estimates and ground-water flow of the Joshua Tree area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Ground water historically has been the sole source of water supply for the community of Joshua Tree in the Joshua Tree ground-water subbasin of the Morongo ground-water basin in the southern Mojave Desert. The Joshua Basin Water District (JBWD) supplies water to the community from the underlying Joshua Tree ground-water subbasin. The JBWD is concerned with the long-term sustainability of the underlying aquifer. To help meet future demands, the JBWD plans to construct production wells in the adjacent Copper Mountain ground-water subbasin. As growth continues in the desert, there may be a need to import water to supplement the available ground-water resources. In order to manage the ground-water resources and to identify future mitigating measures, a thorough understanding of the ground-water system is needed. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this study was threefold: (1) improve the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Joshua Tree and Copper Mountain ground-water subbasins, (2) determine the distribution and quantity of recharge using field and numerical techniques, and (3) develop a ground-water flow model that can be used to help manage the water resources of the region. \r\n\r\nThe geohydrologic framework was refined by collecting and interpreting water-level and water-quality data, geologic and electric logs, and gravity data. The water-bearing deposits in the Joshua Tree and Copper Mountain ground-water subbasins are Quarternary alluvial deposits and Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic deposits. The Quarternary alluvial deposits were divided into two aquifers (referred to as the 'upper' and the 'middle' alluvial aquifers), which are about 600 feet (ft) thick, and the Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic deposits were assigned to a single aquifer (referred to as the 'lower' aquifer), which is as thick as 1,500 ft. \r\n\r\nThe ground-water quality of the Joshua Tree and Copper Mountain ground-water subbasins was defined by collecting 53 ground-water samples from 15 wells (10 in the Joshua Tree ground-water subbasin and 5 in the Copper Mountain ground-water subbasin) between 1980 and 2002 and analyzing the samples for major ions, nutrients, and selected trace elements. Selected samples also were analyzed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, and carbon-14. The water-quality data indicated that dissolved solids and nitrate concentrations were below regulatory limits for potable water; however, fluoride concentrations in the lower aquifer exceeded regulatory limits. Arsenic concentrations and chromium concentrations were generally below regulatory limits; however, arsenic concentrations measured in water from wells perforated in the lower aquifer exceeded regulatory limits. The carbon-14 activities ranged from 2 to 72 percent modern carbon and are consistent with uncorrected ground-water ages (time since recharge) of about 32,300 to 2,700 years before present. The oxygen-18 and deuterium composition of water sampled from the upper aquifer is similar to the volume-weighted composition of present-day winter precipitation indicating that winter precipitation was the predominant source of ground-water recharge. \r\n\r\nField studies, conducted during water years 2001 through 2003 to determine the distribution and quantity of recharge, included installation of instrumented boreholes in selected washes and at a nearby control site. Core material and cuttings from the boreholes were analyzed for physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Instruments installed in the boreholes were monitored to measure changes in matric potential and temperature. Borehole data were supplemented with temperature data collected from access tubes installed at additional sites along study washes. Streambed hydraulic properties and the response of instruments to infiltration were measured using infiltrometers. Physical and geochemical data collected away from the stream channels show that direct infiltration of precipitation to depths below the root zone and subsequent gro","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045267","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., Izbicki, J., Hevesi, J.A., Stamos, C., and Martin, P., 2005, Evaluation of geohydrologic framework, recharge estimates and ground-water flow of the Joshua Tree area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5267, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045267.","productDescription":"127 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5918,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79770,"text":"mineral2005 - 2005 - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T10:58:21","indexId":"mineral2005","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":323,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","code":"MCS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005","title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2005","docAbstract":"Published on an annual basis, this report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mineral2005","usgsCitation":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2005; 2005; MINERAL; 2005; U.S. Geological Survey","productDescription":"199 p; 4 Appendixes (6 p.); Individual Commodity Data Sheets; Available Online, Printed, and on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mineral_2005.jpg"},{"id":9453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2005/mcs2005.pdf","size":"2221","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53857,"text":"wri034249 - 2004 - Water quality in Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park — Trends and spatial characteristics of selected constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:09:18.917978","indexId":"wri034249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4249","displayTitle":"Water Quality in Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park — Trends and Spatial Characteristics of Selected Constituents","title":"Water quality in Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park — Trends and spatial characteristics of selected constituents","docAbstract":"Seasonal changes in water levels and flows in Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY) and Everglades National Park (EVER) affect water quality. As water levels and flows decline during the dry season, physical, geochemical and biological processes increase the breakdown of organic materials and the build-up of organic waste, nutrients, and other constituents in the remaining surface water. For example, concentrations of total phosphorus in the marsh are less than 0.01 milligram per liter (mg/L) during much of the year. Concentrations can rise briefly above this value during the dry season and occasionally exceed 0.1 mg/L under drought conditions.\r\n\r\nLong-term changes in water levels, flows, water management, and upstream land use also affect water quality in BICY and EVER, based on analysis of available data (1959-2000). During the 1980's and early 1990's, specific conductance and concentrations of chloride increased in the Taylor Slough and Shark River Slough. Chloride concentrations more than doubled from 1960 to 1990, primarily due to greater canal transport of high dissolved solids into the sloughs. Some apparent long-term trends in sulfate and total phosphorus were likely attributable, at least in part, to high percentages of less-than and zero values and to changes in reporting levels over the period of record. High values in nutrient concentrations were evident during dry periods of the 1980's and were attributable either to increased canal inflows of nutrient-rich water, increased nutrient releases from breakdown of organic bottom sediment, or increased build-up of nutrient waste from concentrations of aquatic biota and wildlife in remaining ponds. Long-term changes in water quality over the period of record are less pronounced in the western Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp; however, short-term seasonal and drought-related changes are evident.\r\n\r\nWater quality varies spatially across the region because of natural variations in geology, hydrology, and vegetation and because of differences in water management and land use. Nutrient concentrations are relatively low in BICY and EVER compared with concentrations in parts of the northern Everglades that are near agricultural and urban lands. Concentrations of total phosphorus generally are higher in BICY (median values, 1991-2000, were mostly greater than 0.015 mg/L) than in EVER (median values, 1991-2000, less than 0.01 mg/L), probably because of higher phosphorus in natural sources such as shallow soils, rocks, and ground water in the Big Cypress region than in the Everglades region. Conversely, concentrations of chloride and sulfate are higher in EVER (median values in Shark River Slough, 1991-2000, mostly greater than 2 mg/L sulfate and 50 mg/L chloride) than in BICY (median values, 1991-2000, less than 1 mg/L sulfate and at most sites less than 20 mg/L chloride), probably because of the canal transport system, which conveys more water from an agricultural source into EVER than into BICY.\r\n\r\nTrace elements and contaminants such as pesticides and other toxic organic compounds are in relatively low concentrations in BICY and EVER compared with concentrations in parts of the northern Everglades near agricultural and urban sources. Concentrations rarely exceeded aquatic life criteria in BICY and EVER. Atrazine was the only pesticide found in water that exceeded the criteria (in 2 out of 304 samples). The pesticides heptachlor expoxide, lindane, and p,p?-DDE exceeded criteria in canal bed sediments in 1, 2, and 16 percent of the samples, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034249","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., McPherson, B.F., Sobczak, R., and Clark, C., 2004, Water quality in Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park — Trends and spatial characteristics of selected constituents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4249, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034249.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392977,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_65978.htm"},{"id":388237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034249/wri03_4249_miller.pdf","text":"Report","size":"976 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034249/wri-03-4249-coverth.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.78497314453125,\n              25.093061204816077\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.408935546875,\n              25.093061204816077\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.408935546875,\n              26.26632529456386\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.78497314453125,\n              26.26632529456386\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.78497314453125,\n              25.093061204816077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Ronald L.","contributorId":103245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sobczak, Robert","contributorId":56711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobczak","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Christine","contributorId":27131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69864,"text":"sir20045142 - 2004 - Water flow and nutrient flux from five estuarine rivers along the southwest coast of the Everglades National Park, Florida, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:43:10.144666","indexId":"sir20045142","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T12:25:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5142","displayTitle":"Water Flow and Nutrient Flux from Five Estuarine Rivers along the Southwest Coast of the Everglades National Park, Florida, 1997-2001","title":"Water flow and nutrient flux from five estuarine rivers along the southwest coast of the Everglades National Park, Florida, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"Discharge and nutrient fluxes for five tidally affected streams were monitored and evaluated as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Place-Based Studies Initiative and the U.S. Department of the Interior Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative. Locations on Lostmans Creek, and Broad, Harney, Shark, and North Rivers were selected using the criterion that a large amount of the water that flows through Shark River Slough must pass these sites. Discharge and nutrient-concentration data collection started at the Broad, Harney, and Shark River stations in January 1997 and ended in early 2001. Discharge and nutrient-concentration data collection started at the Lostmans Creek and North River stations in April 1999 and ended in early 2001. Each station was equipped with a vertically oriented acoustic-velocity sensor, water-level pressure transducer, bottom water-temperature thermistor, and specific conductance four-electrode sensor. Data collected using a vessel-mounted acoustic discharge measurement system were used to calibrate regression models of the mean river velocities and the in-situ index velocities. Information from these stations, in conjunction with data from other ongoing studies, will help to determine environmental effects on the southwest coast estuaries as changes in water management of the Everglades National Park continue. \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nDischarges from the Lostmans Creek, and Broad, Harney, Shark, and North River stations are influenced by semidiurnal tides, meteorological events, and surface- and ground-water inflow. Each of the five rivers is usually well mixed, having no greater than 500 microSiemens per centimeter at 25? Celsius difference in specific conductance from top to bottom during flood and ebb tides. Instantaneous flood discharges (water moving upstream) are typically of greater magnitude and shorter duration than instantaneous ebb discharges (water moving downstream). \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nInstantaneous discharge data were filtered using a low-pass filter to remove predominant tidal frequencies, and the filtered data were used to compute daily mean and monthly mean residual discharges. Lostmans Creek, and Broad, Harney and Shark Rivers each contributed from 20 to 27 percent of the total measured discharge to the Gulf of Mexico, whereas North River contributed approximately 4 percent. The main discharge region of the Shark River Slough extends from as far north as Lostmans Creek to as far south as North River. North River discharge has similar response characteristics to the other four rivers measured, but with a lesser magnitude of discharge. Comparisons of monthly mean discharges from the Tamiami Canal flow control structures S-12-A, B, C, and D located on U.S. Highway 41 (Tamiami Trail) to the five station total monthly mean discharges indicate that the discharges from the five rivers are approximately 2 to 3 times the S-12-A, B, C, D discharges, and that the measured southwest coast discharge peaks lead the S-12-A, B, C, D discharge peaks by approximately 1 month. \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nResidual total nitrogen and total phosphorus fluxes were estimated using linear regression models of discharge and flux. Monthly mean total nitrogen residual fluxes for the five southwest coast rivers ranged from approximately 0 to 390 short tons, whereas monthly mean total phosphorus residual fluxes ranged from approximately 0 to 6 short tons. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus residual fluxes at Lostmans Creek, and Broad, Harney, and Shark Rivers were similar in magnitude, each accounting for between 20 to 29 percent of the total measured residual flux. North River contributed between 3 to 4 percent of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus residual flux from the five rivers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045142","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Place-Based Studies Initiative and the U.S. Department of the Interior Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative of the National Park Service, Everglades National Park","usgsCitation":"Levesque, V., 2004, Water flow and nutrient flux from five estuarine rivers along the southwest coast of the Everglades National Park, Florida, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5142, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045142.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5142/sir20045142.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004-5142"},{"id":6201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425894,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70783.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5142/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.04791256920387,\n              26.368544073659166\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.04791256920387,\n              24.675432144802357\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.93351470317464,\n              24.675432144802357\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.93351470317464,\n              26.368544073659166\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.04791256920387,\n              26.368544073659166\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4987e4b07f02db5af184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levesque, V.A.","contributorId":56268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levesque","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032,"text":"ofr20041409 - 2004 - Assessment of shallow-water habitat availability in modified dike structures, Lower Missouri River, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-06T14:48:54.422659","indexId":"ofr20041409","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1409","displayTitle":"Assessment of Shallow-Water Habitat Availability in Modified Dike Structures, Lower Missouri River, 2004","title":"Assessment of shallow-water habitat availability in modified dike structures, Lower Missouri River, 2004","docAbstract":"<p>This study documented the effects of wing-dike notching on the availability of shallow water habitat in the Lower Missouri River. Five wing dikes were surveyed in late May 2004 after they were notched in early May as part of shallow-water habitat (SWH) rehabilitation activities undertaken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Surveys included high-resolution hydroacoustic depth, velocity, and substrate mapping. Relations of bottom elevations within the wing dike fields to index discharges and water-surface elevations indicate that little habitat meeting the SWH definition was created immediately following notching. This result is not unexpected, as significant geomorphic adjustment may require large flow events. Depth, velocity, and substrate measurements in the post-rehabilitation time period provide baseline data for monitoring ongoing changes. Differences in elevation and substrate were noted at all sites. Most dike fields showed substantial aggradation and replacement of mud substrate with sandier sediment, although the changes did not result in increased availability of SWH at the index discharge. It is not known how much of the elevation and substrate changes can be attributed directly to notching and how much would result from normal sediment transport variation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041409","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Elliott, C.M., and Johnson, III, H.E., 2004, Assessment of shallow-water habitat availability in modified dike structures, Lower Missouri River, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004—1409, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041409.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Appendix: 45 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1409/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":6697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1409/ofr20041409.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1409"},{"id":319572,"rank":301,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1409/ofr20041409_appendix.pdf","text":"Appendix","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.515380859375,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              39.985538414809746\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.515380859375,\n              39.985538414809746\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.515380859375,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\">Columbia Environmental Research Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>4200 New Haven Road<br>Columbia, MO 65201</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Contents</li><li>Figures</li><li>Tables</li><li>Conversion Factors and Datums</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Approach and Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2005-02-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Harold E.","contributorId":67578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206339,"text":"70206339 - 2004 - Application of cross-borehole radar to monitor fieldscale vegetable old injection experiments for biostimulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T13:09:43.511332","indexId":"70206339","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T15:41:02","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of cross-borehole radar to monitor fieldscale vegetable old injection experiments for biostimulation","docAbstract":"<p class=\"basictext\">Cross-borehole radar methods were used to monitor a field-scale biostimulation pilot project at the Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), located downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate biostimulation using emulsified vegetable oil to treat ground water contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Vegetable oil is intended to serve as substrate to naturally occurring microbes, which ultimately break down chlorinated hydrocarbons into chloride, carbon dioxide, and water through oxidation-reduction reactions. In support of this effort, cross-borehole radar data were acquired by the U.S Geological Survey in five site visits over 1.5 years. This paper presents level-run (zero-offset profile) and time-lapse radar tomography data collected in multiple planes. Comparison of pre- and post-injection data sets provides valuable insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of both emulsified vegetable oil and also the extent of ground water with altered chemistry resulting from injections — information important for understanding microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons at the site.</p><p class=\"basictext\">In order to facilitate data interpretation and test the effectiveness of radar for monitoring oil-emulsion placement and movement, three injection mixtures with different radar signatures were used: (1) vegetable oil emulsion, (2) vegetable oil emulsion with a colloidal iron tracer, and (3) vegetable oil emulsion with a magnetite tracer. Based on petrophysical modeling, mixture (1) is expected to increase radar velocity and decrease radar attenuation relative to background — a water-saturated porous medium; mixtures (2) and (3) are expected to increase radar velocity and also increase radar attenuation due to their greater electrical conductivity compared to native ground water.</p><p class=\"basictext\">Radar slowness (inverse radar velocity) tomograms and level-run profiles show decreases in slowness in the vicinity of injection wells. Slowness anomalies are observed only in planes connected to injection wells, indicating that the emplaced emulsified vegetable oil does not migrate far after injection. In contrast to the localization of slowness anomalies, attenuation anomalies are observed in all level-run profiles, particularly those downgradient of the injection wells. Despite the expected signatures of different tracers, increases in attenuation are observed downgradient of all three injections; thus, we infer that the attenuation changes do not result from the iron tracers. One viable explanation for the observed attenuation changes is that products of oil-enhanced biodegradation (for example, ferrous iron) increase electrical conductivity of ground water and thus radar attenuation.</p><p class=\"basictext\">Application of radar methods to data from the ACP demonstrated the utility of radar for monitoring biostimulation. Results of level-run and tomographic surveys identified (1) the distribution of emulsified vegetable oil, and (2) the distribution of ground water with oil-affected chemistry. Ongoing research efforts include simultaneous tomographic inversion of radar data from multiple planes, petrophysical modeling, geostatistical interpolation, and development of an integrated interpretation considering conventional borehole logs and surface-to-borehole radar data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP)","conferenceDate":"February 22-26, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Day-Lewis, F.D., Roelof J. Versteeg, Casey, C., and Joesten, P.K., 2004, Application of cross-borehole radar to monitor fieldscale vegetable old injection experiments for biostimulation, <i>in</i> Proceedings: Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), Colorado Springs, CO, February 22-26, 2004, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/SAGEEP04_Lane/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","otherGeospatial":"Anoka County Riverfront Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.2783031463623,\n              45.0509679238146\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27581405639648,\n              45.050786011177486\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28079223632812,\n              45.05927465105115\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28001976013184,\n              45.06539781596832\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27589988708496,\n              45.071944633095136\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28062057495117,\n              45.07103539777965\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28353881835938,\n              45.06606465571417\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28482627868652,\n              45.05957779345641\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28293800354004,\n              45.05357527469864\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2783031463623,\n              45.0509679238146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelof J. Versteeg","contributorId":199895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roelof J. Versteeg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, C.C.","contributorId":10206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70206337,"text":"70206337 - 2004 - Use of borehole radar methods and borehole geophysical logs to monitor a field-scale vegetable oil biostimulation pilot project at Fridley, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T12:59:32.585331","indexId":"70206337","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of borehole radar methods and borehole geophysical logs to monitor a field-scale vegetable oil biostimulation pilot project at Fridley, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Cross-hole and surface-to-borehole radar and conventional borehole geophysical logs were used to monitor subsurface injections of vegetable oil emulsion conducted as part of a field-scale biostimulation pilot project at the Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), located downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), in Fridley, Minnesota. The pilot project was undertaken to evaluate biostimulation using emulsified vegetable oil for treatment of ground water contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. The objectives of the geophysical investigations were to delineate the distribution of vegetable oil injected at NIROP, and evaluate the utility of adding geophysical tracers to the vegetable oil emulsions. Geophysical data were acquired by the U.S Geological Survey in five site visits over 1.5 years. This paper presents (1) level-run radar traveltime and amplitude data; (2) radar cross-hole traveltime tomograms; (3) vertical-radar profile diffraction tomograms; and (4) borehole electromagnetic induction logs. Based on comparison of pre- and postinjection data sets, a conceptual model was developed to define the distribution of emulsified vegetable oil and the extent of ground water having altered chemistry resulting from injections and, possibly, enhanced microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Radar slowness (reciprocal velocity) anomalies indicate that the emplaced oil emulsion remained close to the injection wells, whereas attenuation anomalies indicate changes in ground-water chemistry downgradient of all three injections.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceDate":"May 24-27, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Monterrey CA","language":"English","publisher":"Batelle Memorial Institute","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Casey, C.C., Day-Lewis, F.D., Witten, A., and Roelof J. Versteeg, 2004, Use of borehole radar methods and borehole geophysical logs to monitor a field-scale vegetable oil biostimulation pilot project at Fridley, Minnesota, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterrey CA, May 24-27, 2004, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/Battelle_2004/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","otherGeospatial":"Anoka County Riverfront Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.28092098236084,\n              45.05148333981098\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27770233154297,\n              45.05148333981098\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27770233154297,\n              45.053878447319406\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28092098236084,\n              45.053878447319406\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.28092098236084,\n              45.05148333981098\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witten, A.","contributorId":23728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witten","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roelof J. Versteeg","contributorId":199895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roelof J. Versteeg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":57993,"text":"ofr97470K - 2004 - Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Caribbean Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T15:14:01.239473","indexId":"ofr97470K","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-25T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-470","chapter":"K","displayTitle":"Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of the Caribbean Region","title":"Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Caribbean Region","docAbstract":"<p>This CD-ROM compilation contains a map and associated spatial data showing surface geology, faults, oil and gas field centerpoints, and geologic provinces of the Caribbean region, draped over a shaded relief image of topography and bathymetry. The map is provided in the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcMap and ArcReader GIS formats, as well as in Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF). On this CD-ROM, ESRI ArcReader and Adobe Acrobat Reader software provide a way to view and interact with the maps.</p><p>The organization and user-friendly navigation of this CD-ROM ensure easy access to its maps and data by using the links on the right side of each page. A link to the USGS World Energy Project website is also provided to access the latest information, updates, and interactive maps, as they relate to this and other world energy products. In addition, system requirements, permission, and contact information can be found in the readme section of this product.</p><p>Navigation of this product can be fully utilized with most web browsers (Internet Explorer 6.0/Netscape Navigator 7.1 or later recommended). Note: an Internet connection is necessary to view USGS website links, World Energy website, and the Caribbean Internet Map Service.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470K","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Christopher D. French, C.D. and Schenk, C.J., 2004, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Caribbean Region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-K, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470K.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 84.00 x 36.00 inches; 5 Data Releases: Database; Metadata; ReadMe; 1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421739,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GVH21Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Faults of the Caribbean Region (flt6bg)"},{"id":421742,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JRX3O4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Shaded Relief Image of the Caribbean Region (shadedrelief.jpg)"},{"id":421738,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P938YEBH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Surface Geology of the Caribbean Region (geo6bg)"},{"id":368604,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70005.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 97-470-K"},{"id":368491,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470K/caribbean.mdb","size":"14.1 mdb","description":"OFR 97-470-K"},{"id":368490,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470K/metadata.zip","size":"37.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 97-470-K"},{"id":368488,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470K/readme.txt","size":"15.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 97-470-K"},{"id":368487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470K/ofr97470K.pdf","text":"Map","size":"6.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-K"},{"id":421741,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XOSC9C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic Provinces of the Caribbean Region, 2004 (prv6bg)"},{"id":421740,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96XLCKI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Oil and Gas Fields of the Caribbean Region, 2004 (fld6bg)"},{"id":368486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470K/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":431047,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0470k/ofr97470K.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              8.667918002363121\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.5908203125,\n              8.667918002363121\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.5908203125,\n              23.563987128451217\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              23.563987128451217\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              8.667918002363121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"2004-08-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, Christopher D.","contributorId":8338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180934,"text":"70180934 - 2004 - Approaches to simulating the “March of Bricks and Mortar”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T11:16:04","indexId":"70180934","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1317,"text":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to simulating the “March of Bricks and Mortar”","docAbstract":"<p><span>Re-creation of the extent of urban land use at different periods in time is valuable for examining how cities grow and how policy changes influence urban dynamics. To date, there has been little focus on the modeling of historical urban extent (other than for ancient cities). Instead, current modeling research has emphasized simulating the cities of the future. Predictive models can provide insights into urban growth processes and are valuable for land-use and urban planners, yet historical trends are largely ignored. This is unfortunate since historical data exist for urban areas and can be used to quantitatively test dynamic models and theory. We maintain that understanding the growth dynamics of a region's past allows more intelligent forecasts of its future. We compare using a spatio-temporal interpolation method with an agent-based simulation approach to recreate the urban extent of Santa Barbara, California, annually from 1929 to 2001. The first method uses current yet incomplete data on the construction of homes in the region. The latter uses a Cellular Automata based model, SLEUTH, to back- or hind-cast the urban extent. The success at historical urban growth reproduction of the two approaches used in this work was quantified for comparison. The performance of each method is described, as well as the utility of each model in re-creating the history of Santa Barbara. Additionally, the models’ assumptions about space are contrasted. As a consequence, we propose that both approaches are useful in historical urban simulations, yet the cellular approach is more flexible as it can be extended for spatio-temporal extrapolation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0198-9715(02)00046-7","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, N.C., Candau, J., and Clarke, K., 2004, Approaches to simulating the “March of Bricks and Mortar”: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 125-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(02)00046-7.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.8441162109375,\n              33.75174787568194\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8441162109375,\n              35.24113278166642\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4051513671875,\n              35.24113278166642\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4051513671875,\n              33.75174787568194\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8441162109375,\n              33.75174787568194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c40e4b0efcedb741081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, Noah Charles","contributorId":179134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Candau, J.T.","contributorId":179135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Candau","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, K.C.","contributorId":179136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clarke","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160020,"text":"70160020 - 2004 - Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:51:37","indexId":"70160020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution","docAbstract":"<p>Biological and physical properties of rivers and streams are inherently difficult to sample and visualize at the resolution and extent necessary to detect fine-scale distributional patterns over large areas. Satellite imagery and broad-scale fish survey methods are effective for quantifying spatial variability in biological and physical variables over a range of scales in marine environments but are often too coarse in resolution to address conservation needs in inland fisheries management. We present methods for sampling and analyzing multiscale, spatially continuous patterns of stream fishes and physical habitat in small- to medium-size watersheds (500–1000 hectares). Geospatial tools, including geographic information system (GIS) software such as ArcInfo dynamic segmentation and ArcScene 3D analyst modules, were used to display complex biological and physical datasets. These tools also provided spatial referencing information (e.g. Cartesian and route-measure coordinates) necessary for&nbsp;conducting geostatistical analyses of spatial patterns (empirical semivariograms and wavelet analysis) in linear stream networks. Graphical depiction of fish distribution along a one-dimensional longitudinal profile and throughout the stream network (superimposed on a 10-metre digital elevation model) provided the spatial context necessary for describing and interpreting the relationship between landscape pattern and the distribution of coastal cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarki clarki</i>) in western Oregon, U.S.A. The distribution of coastal cutthroat trout was highly autocorrelated and exhibited a spherical semivariogram with a defined nugget, sill, and range. Wavelet analysis of the main-stem longitudinal profile revealed periodicity in trout distribution at three nested spatial scales corresponding ostensibly to landscape disturbances and the spacing of tributary junctions.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 3-6, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Brighton, UK","language":"English","publisher":"Fishery/Aquatic GIS Research Group","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, C.E., Gresswell, R.E., and Bateman, D.S., 2004, Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution, Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, v. 2, Brighton, UK, September 3-6, 2002, p. 405-420.","productDescription":"16 p","startPage":"405","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-121.922236,45.649083],[-121.908267,45.654399],[-121.900858,45.662009],[-121.901855,45.670716],[-121.867167,45.693277],[-121.811304,45.706761],[-121.735104,45.694039],[-121.707358,45.694809],[-121.668362,45.705082],[-121.631167,45.704657],[-121.533106,45.726541],[-121.499153,45.720846],[-121.462849,45.701367],[-121.423592,45.69399],[-121.401739,45.692887],[-121.372574,45.703111],[-121.33777,45.704949],[-121.312198,45.699925],[-121.287323,45.687019],[-121.251183,45.67839],[-121.215779,45.671238],[-121.200367,45.649829],[-121.195233,45.629513],[-121.196556,45.616689],[-121.183841,45.606441],[-121.167852,45.606098],[-121.145534,45.607886],[-121.139483,45.611962],[-121.131953,45.609762],[-121.1222,45.616067],[-121.117052,45.618117],[-121.120064,45.623134],[-121.084933,45.647893],[-121.06437,45.652549],[-121.033582,45.650998],[-121.007449,45.653217],[-120.983478,45.648344],[-120.977978,45.649345],[-120.953077,45.656745],[-120.943977,45.656445],[-120.913476,45.640045],[-120.895575,45.642945],[-120.855674,45.671545],[-120.788872,45.686246],[-120.724171,45.706446],[-120.68937,45.715847],[-120.668869,45.730147],[-120.634968,45.745847],[-120.591166,45.746547],[-120.559465,45.738348],[-120.521964,45.709848],[-120.505863,45.700048],[-120.482362,45.694449],[-120.40396,45.699249],[-120.329057,45.71105],[-120.282156,45.72125],[-120.210754,45.725951],[-120.170453,45.761951],[-120.141352,45.773152],[-120.07015,45.785152],[-120.001148,45.811902],[-119.965744,45.824365],[-119.907461,45.828135],[-119.876144,45.834718],[-119.802655,45.84753],[-119.772927,45.845578],[-119.669877,45.856867],[-119.623393,45.905639],[-119.600549,45.919581],[-119.571584,45.925456],[-119.524632,45.908605],[-119.487829,45.906307],[-119.450256,45.917354],[-119.364396,45.921605],[-119.322509,45.933183],[-119.25715,45.939926],[-119.225745,45.932725],[-119.19553,45.92787],[-119.169496,45.927603],[-119.12612,45.932859],[-119.093221,45.942745],[-119.061462,45.958527],[-119.027056,45.969134],[-119.008558,45.97927],[-118.987129,45.999855],[-118.941242,46.000574],[-118.639332,46.000994],[-118.146028,46.000701],[-118.131019,46.00028],[-117.996911,46.000787],[-117.717852,45.999866],[-117.48013,45.99787],[-117.439943,45.998633],[-117.390738,45.998598],[-117.353928,45.996349],[-117.337668,45.998662],[-117.216731,45.998356],[-117.070047,45.99751],[-117.051304,45.996849],[-116.985882,45.996974],[-116.915989,45.995413],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.866544,45.916958],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.857254,45.904159],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.830003,45.886405],[-116.819182,45.880938],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.790151,45.849851],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.78752,45.840204],[-116.788923,45.836741],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.7634,45.81658],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.750978,45.818537],[-116.740486,45.82446],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.715527,45.826773],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.687007,45.806319],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.659629,45.780016],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.639641,45.781274],[-116.635814,45.783642],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.60504,45.781018],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.553548,45.753388],[-116.549085,45.752735],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.537173,45.737288],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.536395,45.69665],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.528272,45.681473],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.512326,45.670224],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.477452,45.631267],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.46517,45.617986],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.48297,45.577008],[-116.490279,45.574499],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.543837,45.514193],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.553473,45.499107],[-116.558804,45.481188],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.581382,45.448984],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.592416,45.427356],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.653252,45.351084],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.674648,45.314342],[-116.672594,45.298023],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.672733,45.283183],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.675587,45.274867],[-116.681013,45.27072],[-116.687027,45.267857],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.708546,45.207356],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.782492,45.09579],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.784244,45.088128],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.808576,45.050652],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.847944,45.022602],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.845847,45.01847],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.846461,44.951521],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.832176,44.931373],[-116.833632,44.928976],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.846061,44.905249],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.857038,44.880769],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.883598,44.858268],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.928099,44.808381],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.933699,44.798781],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.9318,44.787181],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.966801,44.775181],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.977802,44.767981],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.992003,44.759182],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-117.006045,44.756024],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.091223,44.668807],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.096791,44.657385],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.126009,44.581553],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.14248,44.57143],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.147934,44.562143],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.152406,44.531802],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.167187,44.523431],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.185386,44.519261],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.19163,44.509886],[-117.191329,44.506784],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.194317,44.499884],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.211148,44.485359],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.224104,44.483734],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.225932,44.479389],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.224445,44.473884],[-117.221548,44.470146],[-117.217015,44.459042],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.214637,44.44803],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.234835,44.399669],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.216911,44.360163],[-117.210587,44.357703],[-117.206962,44.355206],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.191546,44.329621],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.2055,44.311789],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.217843,44.30718],[-117.220069,44.301382],[-117.222451,44.298963],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.15706,44.25749],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.138523,44.25937],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.133104,44.264236],[-117.13253,44.267045],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.107673,44.280763],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.098531,44.275533],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.093578,44.269383],[-117.090933,44.260311],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.07835,44.249885],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.059352,44.237244],[-117.05651,44.230874],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.050057,44.22883],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.045513,44.232005],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.025277,44.248505],[-117.020231,44.246063],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.973542,44.23998],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.973701,44.208017],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.967259,44.194581],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.940534,44.19371],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.902752,44.179467],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.894309,44.158114],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.927688,44.109438],[-116.928306,44.107326],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.937835,44.096943],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.957009,44.091743],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.974253,44.088295],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.973185,44.049425],[-116.956246,44.042888],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.934727,44.023806],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.971835,43.962806],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.969245,43.957426],[-116.966256,43.955832],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.98294,43.86771],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-117.013954,43.859358],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.040906,41.99989],[-117.04891,41.998983],[-117.055402,41.99989],[-117.068613,42.000035],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-117.403613,41.99929],[-117.443062,41.999659],[-117.625973,41.998102],[-117.873467,41.998335],[-118.197189,41.996995],[-118.501002,41.995446],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-119.001022,41.993793],[-119.20828,41.993177],[-119.231876,41.994212],[-119.251033,41.993843],[-119.444598,41.995478],[-119.72573,41.996296],[-119.790087,41.997544],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-119.876054,41.997199],[-119.986678,41.995842],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-120.181563,41.994588],[-120.286424,41.993058],[-120.501069,41.993785],[-120.647173,41.993084],[-120.812279,41.994183],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-121.094926,41.994658],[-121.126093,41.99601],[-121.247616,41.997054],[-121.251099,41.99757],[-121.309981,41.997612],[-121.340517,41.99622],[-121.376101,41.997026],[-121.434977,41.997022],[-121.580865,41.998668],[-121.846712,42.00307],[-122.000319,42.003967],[-122.101922,42.005766],[-122.160438,42.007637],[-122.261127,42.007364],[-122.378193,42.009518],[-122.397984,42.008758],[-122.501135,42.00846],[-122.634739,42.004858],[-122.80008,42.004071],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-123.065655,42.004948],[-123.083956,42.005448],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.154908,42.008036],[-123.192361,42.005446],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.381776,41.999268],[-123.43477,42.001641],[-123.49883,42.000525],[-123.525245,42.001047],[-123.55256,42.000246],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.728156,41.997007],[-123.789295,41.996111],[-123.813992,41.995096],[-123.834208,41.996116],[-124.001188,41.996146],[-124.126194,41.996992],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.270464,42.045553],[-124.287374,42.046016],[-124.299649,42.051736],[-124.314289,42.067864],[-124.34101,42.092929],[-124.356229,42.114952],[-124.357122,42.118016],[-124.351535,42.129796],[-124.351784,42.134965],[-124.355696,42.141964],[-124.361563,42.143767],[-124.366028,42.152343],[-124.366832,42.15845],[-124.363389,42.158588],[-124.360318,42.162272],[-124.361009,42.180752],[-124.367751,42.188321],[-124.373175,42.190218],[-124.374949,42.193129],[-124.376215,42.196381],[-124.375553,42.20882],[-124.377762,42.218809],[-124.383633,42.22716],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.411534,42.254115],[-124.408514,42.260588],[-124.405148,42.278107],[-124.410556,42.307431],[-124.429288,42.331746],[-124.427222,42.33488],[-124.425554,42.351874],[-124.424066,42.377242],[-124.424863,42.395426],[-124.428068,42.420333],[-124.434882,42.434916],[-124.435105,42.440163],[-124.422038,42.461226],[-124.423084,42.478952],[-124.421381,42.491737],[-124.399065,42.539928],[-124.390664,42.566593],[-124.389977,42.574758],[-124.400918,42.597518],[-124.399421,42.618079],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.413119,42.657934],[-124.416774,42.661594],[-124.45074,42.675798],[-124.451484,42.677787],[-124.447487,42.68474],[-124.448418,42.689909],[-124.473864,42.732671],[-124.491679,42.741789],[-124.498473,42.741077],[-124.499122,42.738606],[-124.510017,42.734746],[-124.513368,42.735068],[-124.514669,42.736806],[-124.516236,42.753632],[-124.524439,42.789793],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.544179,42.822958],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.500141,42.917502],[-124.480938,42.951495],[-124.462619,42.99143],[-124.456918,43.000315],[-124.436198,43.071312],[-124.432236,43.097383],[-124.434451,43.115986],[-124.424113,43.126859],[-124.401726,43.184896],[-124.395302,43.211101],[-124.395607,43.223908],[-124.38246,43.270167],[-124.388891,43.290523],[-124.393988,43.29926],[-124.400404,43.302121],[-124.402814,43.305872],[-124.387642,43.325968],[-124.373037,43.338953],[-124.353332,43.342667],[-124.341587,43.351337],[-124.315012,43.388389],[-124.286896,43.436296],[-124.255609,43.502172],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.203028,43.667825],[-124.204888,43.673976],[-124.198275,43.689481],[-124.193455,43.706085],[-124.168392,43.808903],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-124.142704,43.958182],[-124.133547,44.035845],[-124.122406,44.104442],[-124.125824,44.12613],[-124.117006,44.171913],[-124.114424,44.198164],[-124.115671,44.206554],[-124.111054,44.235071],[-124.108945,44.265475],[-124.109744,44.270597],[-124.114869,44.272721],[-124.115953,44.274641],[-124.1152,44.286486],[-124.10907,44.303707],[-124.108088,44.309926],[-124.109556,44.314545],[-124.100587,44.331926],[-124.092101,44.370388],[-124.084401,44.415611],[-124.080989,44.419728],[-124.071706,44.423662],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-124.073941,44.434481],[-124.079301,44.430863],[-124.082113,44.441518],[-124.082061,44.478171],[-124.084429,44.486927],[-124.083601,44.501123],[-124.076387,44.531214],[-124.067251,44.60804],[-124.06914,44.612979],[-124.082326,44.608861],[-124.084476,44.611056],[-124.065202,44.622445],[-124.065008,44.632504],[-124.058281,44.658866],[-124.060043,44.669361],[-124.070394,44.683514],[-124.063406,44.703177],[-124.059077,44.737656],[-124.066325,44.762671],[-124.075473,44.771403],[-124.074066,44.798107],[-124.066746,44.831191],[-124.063155,44.835333],[-124.054151,44.838233],[-124.048814,44.850007],[-124.032296,44.900809],[-124.025136,44.928175],[-124.025678,44.936542],[-124.023834,44.949825],[-124.015243,44.982904],[-124.004386,45.046197],[-124.004668,45.048167],[-124.00977,45.047266],[-124.017991,45.049808],[-124.015851,45.064759],[-124.012163,45.076921],[-124.006057,45.084736],[-124.004863,45.084232],[-123.989529,45.094045],[-123.975425,45.145476],[-123.968187,45.201217],[-123.972919,45.216784],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.964169,45.317026],[-123.972899,45.33689],[-123.978671,45.338854],[-124.007756,45.336813],[-124.007494,45.33974],[-123.979715,45.347724],[-123.973398,45.354791],[-123.965728,45.386242],[-123.960557,45.430778],[-123.964074,45.449112],[-123.972953,45.467513],[-123.976544,45.489733],[-123.970794,45.493507],[-123.96634,45.493417],[-123.957568,45.510399],[-123.947556,45.564878],[-123.956711,45.571303],[-123.951246,45.585775],[-123.939005,45.661923],[-123.939448,45.708795],[-123.943121,45.727031],[-123.946027,45.733249],[-123.968563,45.757019],[-123.982578,45.761815],[-123.981864,45.768285],[-123.969459,45.782371],[-123.961544,45.837101],[-123.962736,45.869974],[-123.96763,45.907807],[-123.979501,45.930389],[-123.99304,45.938842],[-123.993703,45.946431],[-123.969991,45.969139],[-123.957438,45.974469],[-123.941831,45.97566],[-123.937471,45.977306],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-123.92933,46.041978],[-123.933366,46.071672],[-123.947531,46.116131],[-123.95919,46.141675],[-123.974124,46.168798],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-124.010344,46.223514],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-124.011355,46.236223],[-124.001998,46.237316],[-123.998052,46.235327],[-123.988429,46.224132],[-123.990117,46.21763],[-123.987196,46.211521],[-123.982149,46.209662],[-123.961739,46.207916],[-123.950148,46.204097],[-123.927038,46.191617],[-123.912405,46.17945],[-123.9042,46.169293],[-123.891186,46.164778],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.842849,46.160529],[-123.841521,46.169824],[-123.863347,46.18235],[-123.866643,46.187674],[-123.864209,46.189527],[-123.838801,46.192211],[-123.821834,46.190293],[-123.793936,46.196283],[-123.759976,46.2073],[-123.736747,46.200687],[-123.71278,46.198751],[-123.706667,46.199665],[-123.67538,46.212401],[-123.673831,46.215418],[-123.666751,46.218228],[-123.65539,46.217974],[-123.636474,46.214359],[-123.6325,46.216681],[-123.626247,46.226434],[-123.625219,46.233868],[-123.622812,46.23664],[-123.613459,46.239228],[-123.605487,46.2393],[-123.60019,46.234814],[-123.586205,46.228654],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-123.547659,46.259109],[-123.538092,46.26061],[-123.526391,46.263404],[-123.501245,46.271004],[-123.479644,46.269131],[-123.474844,46.267831],[-123.468743,46.264531],[-123.447592,46.249832],[-123.427629,46.229348],[-123.430847,46.181827],[-123.371433,46.146372],[-123.332335,46.146132],[-123.301034,46.144632],[-123.280166,46.144843],[-123.251233,46.156452],[-123.231196,46.16615],[-123.166414,46.188973],[-123.115904,46.185268],[-123.105021,46.177676],[-123.051064,46.153599],[-123.041297,46.146351],[-123.03382,46.144336],[-123.022147,46.13911],[-123.009436,46.136043],[-123.004233,46.133823],[-122.962681,46.104817],[-122.904119,46.083734],[-122.884478,46.06028],[-122.878092,46.031281],[-122.856158,46.014469],[-122.837638,45.98082],[-122.813998,45.960984],[-122.806193,45.932416],[-122.81151,45.912725],[-122.798091,45.884333],[-122.785026,45.867699],[-122.785696,45.844216],[-122.795963,45.825024],[-122.795605,45.81],[-122.769532,45.780583],[-122.761451,45.759163],[-122.760108,45.734413],[-122.772511,45.699637],[-122.774511,45.680437],[-122.76381,45.657138],[-122.738109,45.644138],[-122.713309,45.637438],[-122.691008,45.624739],[-122.675008,45.618039],[-122.643907,45.609739],[-122.602606,45.607639],[-122.581406,45.60394],[-122.548149,45.596768],[-122.523668,45.589632],[-122.492259,45.583281],[-122.479315,45.579761],[-122.474659,45.578305],[-122.453891,45.567313],[-122.438674,45.563585],[-122.410706,45.567633],[-122.391802,45.574541],[-122.380302,45.575941],[-122.352802,45.569441],[-122.331502,45.548241],[-122.294901,45.543541],[-122.266701,45.543841],[-122.262625,45.544321],[-122.248993,45.547745],[-122.2017,45.564141],[-122.183695,45.577696],[-122.14075,45.584508],[-122.112356,45.581409],[-122.101675,45.583516],[-122.044374,45.609516],[-122.022571,45.615151],[-122.00369,45.61593],[-121.983038,45.622812],[-121.963547,45.632784],[-121.955734,45.643559],[-121.951838,45.644951],[-121.935149,45.644169],[-121.922236,45.649083]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695edae4b08895842a1c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":3578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bateman, Douglas S. 0000-0002-5609-2085 doug_bateman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-2085","contributorId":4016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Douglas","email":"doug_bateman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160022,"text":"70160022 - 2004 - Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T10:06:30","indexId":"70160022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The contents of this Annual Report summarize results of monitoring and research from the 2003 field season. The report also contains a summary of nuisance grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) management actions.</p>\n<p>The study team continues to work on issues associated with counts of unduplicated females with cubs-of-the-year (COY). These counts are used to establish a minimum population size, which is then used to establish mortality thresholds for the Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1993). A computer program that defines the rule set used by Knight et al. (1995) to differentiate unique family groups is currently under development. Once complete, we intend to use it to verify the accuracy of the rules using known bears and their telemetry locations in test runs. We hope to have this work complete by summer 2004.</p>\n<p>The grizzly bear recovery plan (USFWS 1993) established mortality quotas at 4% of the minimum population estimate derived from female with COY data and no more than 30% of the 4% (1.2%) could be female bears. Simulation modeling (Harris 1984) established sustainable mortality at around 6% of the population. We used the latest information on reproduction and survival to estimate population trajectory in the same simulation model originally used by Harris. A Wildlife Monograph has been drafted and submitted for consideration as a publication. We anticipate final word sometime during winter 2005.</p>\n<p>Our project addressing the potential application of stable isotopes and trace elements to quantify consumption rates of whitebark pine (<i>Pinus albicaulis</i>) and cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i>) by grizzly bears was completed. Our manuscript on consumption rates of whitebark pine has been published (Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:763-770). A copy can be found on the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) website http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/research/igbst-home.htm. The manuscript on fish consumption is in final review and should be published in 2004.</p>\n<p>We began a new study in Grand Teton National Park evaluating habitat use both temporally and spatially between grizzly and black (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) bears. We will employ a new form of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology that incorporates a spread spectrum communication system. Spread spectrum allows for transfer of stored GPS locations from the collar to a remote receiving station. We tested 2 collars during the fall of 2003 and provide a summary of the results. We will attempt to deploy several of these collars during the 2004 field season.</p>\n<p>The annual reports of the IGBST summarize annual data collection. Because additional information can be obtained after publication, data summaries are subject to change. For that reason, data analyses and summaries presented in this report supersede all previously published data. The study area and sampling techniques are reported by Blanchard (1985), Mattson et al. (1991a), and Haroldson et al. (1998).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2004, Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003 (2003): Annual Report, 65 p.","productDescription":"65 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/products/IGBST"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              45.60635207711834\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.950927734375,\n              45.686995566120395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.577392578125,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.2532958984375,\n              45.694669843547246\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0665283203125,\n              45.6716438522655\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.918212890625,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.73693847656249,\n              45.6716438522655\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.654541015625,\n              45.54483149242463\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1326904296875,\n              45.28648197278284\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.083251953125,\n              45.120052841530516\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.149169921875,\n              44.89090425391711\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              44.62566377574355\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.017333984375,\n              44.35920579433503\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.69873046875,\n              44.08363928284644\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.369140625,\n              43.731414013769\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.3526611328125,\n              43.57243174740972\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.38012695312499,\n              43.4249985081581\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.62182617187499,\n              43.329173667843904\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.80859375,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1546630859375,\n              43.04480541304369\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.70947265625,\n              42.94838139765314\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9017333984375,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.137939453125,\n              42.91620643817353\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.4290771484375,\n              43.104993581605505\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.599365234375,\n              43.281204464332745\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.80810546875,\n              43.34914966389313\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              43.37311218382002\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              43.369119087738554\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.829833984375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0111083984375,\n              43.89393401411192\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.159423828125,\n              44.21764696919354\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1978759765625,\n              44.52392653654213\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2418212890625,\n              44.90646871709883\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3681640625,\n              45.19752230305685\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2418212890625,\n              45.56406391514301\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.17041015625,\n              45.71001523943372\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.96716308593749,\n              45.79050946752472\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7694091796875,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.533203125,\n              45.729191061299936\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2091064453125,\n              45.6716438522655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              45.60635207711834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695eece4b08895842a1ca3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":55950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581615,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160040,"text":"70160040 - 2004 - Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:56:17","indexId":"70160040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region","docAbstract":"<p>Current land-management decisions that affect the persistence of native salmonids are often influenced by studies of individual sites that are selected based on judgment and convenience. Although this approach is useful for some purposes, extrapolating results to areas that were not sampled is statistically inappropriate because the sampling design is usually biased. Therefore, in recent investigations of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) located above natural barriers to anadromous salmonids, we used a methodology for extending the statistical scope of inference. The purpose of this paper is to apply geospatial tools to identify a population of watersheds and develop a probability-based sampling design for coastal cutthroat trout in western Oregon, USA. The population of mid-size watersheds (500-5800 ha) west&nbsp;of the Cascade Range divide was derived from watershed delineations based on digital elevation models. Because a database with locations of isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout did not exist, a sampling frame of isolated watersheds containing cutthroat trout had to be developed. After the sampling frame of watersheds was established, isolated watersheds with coastal cutthroat trout were stratified by ecoregion and erosion potential based on dominant bedrock lithology (i.e., sedimentary and igneous). A stratified random sample of 60 watersheds was selected with proportional allocation in each stratum. By comparing watershed drainage areas of streams in the general population to those in the sampling frame and the resulting sample (n = 60), we were able to evaluate the how representative the subset of watersheds was in relation to the population of watersheds. Geospatial tools provided a relatively inexpensive means to generate the information necessary to develop a statistically robust, probability-based sampling design.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 3-6, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Brighton, UK","language":"English","publisher":"Fishery/Aquatic GIS Research Group","usgsCitation":"Gresswell, R.E., Bateman, D.S., Lienkaemper, G., and Guy, T., 2004, Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region, Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, Brighton, UK, September 3-6, 2002, p. 515-528.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed3e4b08895842a1c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bateman, Douglas S. 0000-0002-5609-2085 doug_bateman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-2085","contributorId":4016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Douglas","email":"doug_bateman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lienkaemper, George","contributorId":106211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, T.J.","contributorId":38087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160108,"text":"70160108 - 2004 - Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T11:34:48","indexId":"70160108","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":783,"text":"Annales Zoologici Fennici","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recognition is a prerequisite for non-random association amongst individuals. We explore how non-random association patterns (i.e. who spends time with whom) affect disease dynamics. We estimated the amount of time individuals spent together per month using radio-tracking data from African buffalo and incorporated these data into a dynamic social network model. The dynamic nature of the network has a strong influence on simulated disease dynamics particularly for diseases with shorter infectious periods. Cluster analyses of the association data demonstrated that buffalo herds were not as well defined as previously thought. Associations were more tightly clustered in 2002 than 2003, perhaps due to drier conditions in 2003. As a result, diseases may spread faster during drought conditions due to increased population mixing. Association data are often collected but this is the first use of empirical data in a network disease model in a wildlife population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2004","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Bowers, J.A., Hay, C.T., Hofmeyr, M., and Getz, W.M., 2004, Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park: Annales Zoologici Fennici, v. 41, no. 6, p. 879-892.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"892","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":312161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23736148?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.25739],[31.32556,-29.40198],[30.90176,-29.90996],[30.62281,-30.42378],[30.05572,-31.14027],[28.92555,-32.17204],[28.21976,-32.77195],[27.46461,-33.22696],[26.41945,-33.61495],[25.90966,-33.66704],[25.78063,-33.94465],[25.17286,-33.79685],[24.67785,-33.98718],[23.59404,-33.79447],[22.98819,-33.91643],[22.57416,-33.86408],[21.5428,-34.25884],[20.68905,-34.41718],[20.07126,-34.79514],[19.61641,-34.81917],[19.19328,-34.4626],[18.85531,-34.44431],[18.42464,-33.99787],[18.37741,-34.13652],[18.2445,-33.86775],[18.25008,-33.28143],[17.92519,-32.61129],[18.24791,-32.42913],[18.22176,-31.66163],[17.56692,-30.72572],[17.06442,-29.87864],[17.06292,-29.87595],[16.34498,-28.57671],[16.82402,-28.08216],[17.21893,-28.35594],[17.3875,-28.78351],[17.83615,-28.85638],[18.4649,-29.04546],[19.00213,-28.97244],[19.89473,-28.4611],[19.89577,-24.76779],[20.16573,-24.91796],[20.75861,-25.86814],[20.66647,-26.47745],[20.88961,-26.82854],[21.6059,-26.72653],[22.10597,-26.28026],[22.57953,-25.97945],[22.82427,-25.50046],[23.3121,-25.26869],[23.73357,-25.39013],[24.21127,-25.67022],[25.02517,-25.71967],[25.66467,-25.48682],[25.76585,-25.17485],[25.94165,-24.69637],[26.48575,-24.61633],[26.78641,-24.24069],[27.11941,-23.57432],[28.01724,-22.82775],[29.43219,-22.09131],[29.83904,-22.10222],[30.32288,-22.27161],[30.65987,-22.15157],[31.19141,-22.25151],[31.6704,-23.65897],[31.93059,-24.36942],[31.75241,-25.48428],[31.83778,-25.84333],[31.33316,-25.66019],[31.04408,-25.73145],[30.94967,-26.02265],[30.67661,-26.39808],[30.68596,-26.74385],[31.28277,-27.28588],[31.86806,-27.17793],[32.07167,-26.73382],[32.83012,-26.74219],[32.58026,-27.47016],[32.46213,-28.30101],[32.20339,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.25739]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.97826,-28.9556],[29.32517,-29.25739],[29.01842,-29.74377],[28.8484,-30.07005],[28.29107,-30.22622],[28.1072,-30.54573],[27.7494,-30.64511],[26.99926,-29.87595],[27.53251,-29.24271],[28.07434,-28.85147],[28.5417,-28.6475]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Africa\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01dae4b09cfe53ca5ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd-Smith, James O.","contributorId":124537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd-Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5095,"text":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowers, Justin A.","contributorId":150504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowers","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Craig T.","contributorId":150505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hay","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeyr, Markus","contributorId":150506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmeyr","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160027,"text":"70160027 - 2004 - Natural avalanches and transportation: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:59:31","indexId":"70160027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Natural avalanches and transportation: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>In January 2004, two natural avalanches (destructive class 3) derailed a freight train in John F. Stevens Canyon, on the southern boundary of Glacier National Park. The railroad tracks were closed for 29 hours due to cleanup and lingering avalanche hazard, backing up 112km of trains and shutting down Amtrak’s passenger service. The incident marked the fourth time in three winters that natural avalanches have disrupted transportation in the canyon, which is also the route of U.S. Highway 2. It was the latest in a 94-year history of accidents that includes three fatalities and the destruction of a major highway bridge. Despite that history and the presence of over 40 avalanche paths in the 16km canyon, mitigation is limited to nine railroad snow sheds and occasional highway closures. This case study examines natural avalanche cycles of the past 28 winters using data from field observations, a Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SNOTEL station, and data collected since 2001 at a high-elevation weather station. The avalanches occurred when storms with sustained snowfall buried a persistent near-surface faceted layer and/or were followed by rain-on-snow or dramatic warming (as much as 21<sup>o</sup>C in 30 minutes). Natural avalanche activity peaked when temperatures clustered near freezing (mean of -1.5<sup>o</sup>C at 1800m elev.). Avalanches initiated through rapid loading, rain falling on new snow, and/ or temperature-related changes in the mechanical properties of slabs. Lastly, the case study describes how recent incidents have prompted a unique partnership of land management agencies, private corporations and non-profit organizations to develop an avalanche mitigation program for the transportation corridor.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 19-24, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Jackson, WY","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop Canada","usgsCitation":"Reardon, B., Fagre, D.B., and Steiner, R., 2004, Natural avalanches and transportation: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The International Snow Science Workshop, Jackson, WY, September 19-24, 2004, p. 582-597.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"597","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.issw.net/2004.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0987548828125,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0987548828125,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed9e4b08895842a1c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reardon, B.A.","contributorId":51497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steiner, R.W.","contributorId":150425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steiner","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160035,"text":"70160035 - 2004 - Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T12:41:01","indexId":"70160035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T04:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Wildlife ecologists often use the Kaplan-Meier procedure or Cox proportional hazards model to estimate survival rates, distributions, and magnitude of risk factors. The Andersen-Gill formulation (A-G) of the Cox proportional hazards model has seen limited application to mark-resight data but has a number of advantages, including the ability to accommodate left-censored data, time-varying covariates, multiple events, and discontinuous intervals of risks. We introduce the A-G model including structure of data, interpretation of results, and assessment of assumptions. We then apply the model to 22 years of radiotelemetry data for grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) of the Greater Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, USA. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC<sub><i>c</i></sub>) and multi-model inference to assess a number of potentially useful predictive models relative to explanatory covariates for demography, human disturbance, and habitat. Using the most parsimonious models, we generated risk ratios, hypothetical survival curves, and a map of the spatial distribution of high-risk areas across the recovery zone. Our results were in agreement with past studies of mortality factors for Yellowstone grizzly bears. Holding other covariates constant, mortality was highest for bears that were subjected to repeated management actions and inhabited areas with high road densities outside Yellowstone National Park. Hazard models developed with covariates descriptive of foraging habitats were not the most parsimonious, but they suggested that high-elevation areas offered lower risks of mortality when compared to agricultural areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0966:MSAOTA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Boyce, M.S., Schwartz, C.C., and Haroldson, M.A., 2004, Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 966-978, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0966:MSAOTA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2193/0022-541X%282004%29068%5B0966:MSAOTA%5D2.0.CO;2/abstract"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed9e4b08895842a1c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160041,"text":"70160041 - 2004 - What limits the Serengeti zebra population?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T13:53:26","indexId":"70160041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What limits the Serengeti zebra population?","docAbstract":"<p>The populations of the ecologically dominant ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem (zebra, wildebeest and buffalo) have shown markedly different trends since the 1960s: the two ruminants both irrupted after the elimination of rinderpest in 1960, while the zebras have remained stable. The ruminants are resource limited (though parts of the buffalo population have been limited by poaching since the 1980s). The zebras' resource acquisition tactics should allow them to outcompete the ruminants, but their greater spatial dispersion makes them more available to predators, and it has been suggested that this population is limited by predation. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the population dynamics of Serengeti zebra, we compared population dynamics among the three species using demographic models based on age-class-specific survival and fecundity. The only major difference between zebra and the two ruminants occurred in the first-year survival. We show that wildebeest have a higher reproductive potential than zebra (younger age at first breeding and shorter generation time). Nevertheless, these differences in reproduction cannot account for the observed differences in the population trends between the zebra and the ruminants. On the other hand, among-species differences in first-year survival are great enough to account for the constancy of zebra population size. We conclude that the very low first-year survival of zebra limits this population. We provide new data on predation in the Serengeti and show that, as in other ecosystems, predation rates on zebras are high, so predation could hold the population in a \"predator pit\". However, lion and hyena feed principally on adult zebras, and further work is required to discover the process involved in the high mortality of foals.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1567-6","usgsCitation":"Grange, S., Duncan, P., Gaillard, J., Sinclair, A.R., Gogan, P.J., Packer, C., Hofer, H., and Marion, E., 2004, What limits the Serengeti zebra population?: Oecologia, v. 140, no. 3, p. 523-532, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1567-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/what-limits-the-serengeti-zebra-population-otBkDq5hIt"}],"country":"Kenya, Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Serengeti","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[38.74054,-5.90895],[38.79977,-6.47566],[39.44,-6.84],[39.47,-7.1],[39.19469,-7.7039],[39.25203,-8.00781],[39.18652,-8.48551],[39.53574,-9.11237],[39.9496,-10.0984],[40.31659,-10.3171],[39.521,-10.89688],[38.42756,-11.2852],[37.82764,-11.26879],[37.47129,-11.56876],[36.77515,-11.59454],[36.51408,-11.72094],[35.3124,-11.43915],[34.55999,-11.52002],[34.28,-10.16],[33.94084,-9.69367],[33.73972,-9.41715],[32.75938,-9.2306],[32.19186,-8.93036],[31.55635,-8.76205],[31.15775,-8.59458],[30.74,-8.34],[30.2,-7.08],[29.62,-6.52],[29.41999,-5.94],[29.51999,-5.41998],[29.34,-4.49998],[29.75351,-4.45239],[30.11632,-4.09012],[30.50554,-3.56858],[30.75224,-3.35931],[30.74301,-3.03431],[30.52766,-2.80762],[30.46967,-2.41383],[30.75831,-2.28725],[30.81613,-1.69891],[30.4191,-1.13466],[30.76986,-1.01455],[31.86617,-1.02736],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"140","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695eebe4b08895842a1ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grange, Sophie","contributorId":150444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grange","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Patrick","contributorId":150445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaillard, Jean-Michel","contributorId":150446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillard","given":"Jean-Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinclair, Anthony R.E.","contributorId":150447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Packer, Craig","contributorId":78592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hofer, Heribert","contributorId":150448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofer","given":"Heribert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marion, East","contributorId":150449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marion","given":"East","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70159775,"text":"70159775 - 2004 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Brewer's sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T08:37:39","indexId":"70159775","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Brewer's sparrow","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species&rsquo; nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species&rsquo; response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species&rsquo; breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management is posted at the Web site mentioned below.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/70159775","usgsCitation":"Walker, B.L., 2004, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Brewer's sparrow, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159775.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159775.PNG"},{"id":312402,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159775/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505244e4b0f162148c5cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Brett L.","contributorId":82964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121218,"text":"70121218 - 2004 - Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T09:10:27","indexId":"70121218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-20T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan","docAbstract":"The modern Monterey submarine fan, one of the largest deep-water deposits off the western US, is composed of two major turbidite systems: the Neogene Lower Turbidite System (LTS) and the late Quarternary Upper Turbidite System (UTS).  The areally extensive LTS is a distal deposit with low-relief, poorly defined channels, overbank, and lower-fan elements.  The younger UTS comprises almost half of the total fan volume and was initiated in the late Pleistocene from canyons in the Monterey Bay area.  Rapidly prograding high-relief, channel-levee complexes dominated deposition early in the UTS with periodic avulsion events.  In the last few 100 ka, much of the sediment bypassed the northern fan as a result of allocyclic controls, and deposition is simultaneously occuring on a sandy lobe with low-relief channels and on an adjacent detached muddier lobe built from reconfinement of overbank flow from the northern high-relief channels.  During the relatively short-lived UTS deposition, at least seven different channel types and two lobe types were formed.  This study provides a significant reinterpretation of the depositional history of  Monterey Fan by incorporating all available unpublished geophysical data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001","usgsCitation":"Fildani, A., and Normark, W.R., 2004, Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan: Marine Geology, v. 206, no. 1-4, p. 199-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Fan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.0,34.0 ], [ -127.0,36.0 ], [ -123.0,36.0 ], [ -123.0,34.0 ], [ -127.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"206","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b656e4b09d12e0e8e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fildani, Andrea","contributorId":45993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fildani","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120923,"text":"70120923 - 2004 - The LISST-SL streamlined isokinetic suspended-sediment profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:34:20","indexId":"70120923","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-18T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The LISST-SL streamlined isokinetic suspended-sediment profiler","docAbstract":"The new manually deployed Laser In Situ Scattering Transmissometer-StreamLined profiler (LISST-SL) represents a major technological advance for suspended-sediment measurements in rivers.  The LISST-SL is being designed to provide real-time data on sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions.  A pressure sensor and current meter provide real-time depth and ambient velocity data, respectively.  The velocity data are also used to control pumpage across an internal laser so that the intake velocity is constantly adjusted to match the ambient stream velocity.  Such isokinetic withdrawal is necessary for obtaining representative sedimentary measurements in streamflow, and ensures compliance with established practices.  The velocity and sediment-concentration data are used to compute fluxes for up to 32 particle-size classes at points, verticals, or in the entire stream cross section.  All data are stored internally, as well as transmitted via a 2-wire conductor to the operator using a specially developed communication protocol.  The LISST-SL's performance will be measured and compared to published sedimentological accuracy criteria, and a performance summary will be placed on-line.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on River sedimentation: October 18-21, 2004 Yichang, China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Agrawal, Y.C., and Pottsmith, H.C., 2004, The LISST-SL streamlined isokinetic suspended-sediment profiler, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on River sedimentation: October 18-21, 2004 Yichang, China, v. IV, p. 2549-2555.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2549","endPage":"2555","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292448,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.irtces.org/old/irtces/report/9isrs/e_isrs06.htm#4"},{"id":292449,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/osw/techniques/Lisst_Gray_Agrawal_Pottsmith.pdf"}],"volume":"IV","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25ff2e4b0333418718970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agrawal, Yogesh C.","contributorId":92588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agrawal","given":"Yogesh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pottsmith, H. Charles","contributorId":84277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pottsmith","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045841,"text":"70045841 - 2004 - Mineral resource of the month: feldspar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T12:11:33","indexId":"70045841","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: feldspar","docAbstract":"The United States is the third leading producer of feldspar worldwide, after Italy and Turkey, according to data published by the U.S. Geological Survey. Foreign analysts indicate that China is also a leading feldspar producer, but official production data are not available. Feldspars are aluminum silicate minerals that contain varying proportions of calcium, potassium and sodium. Usually occurring in igneous rocks, feldspars are estimated to constitute 60 percent of Earth’s crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Potter, M.J., 2004, Mineral resource of the month: feldspar: Geotimes, v. 2004, no. July, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271968,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/july04/resources.html#mineral"}],"volume":"2004","issue":"July","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2270e4b061e1bd5333fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Michael J.","contributorId":30124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039142,"text":"70039142 - 2004 - The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:22:18","indexId":"70039142","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:55:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research","docAbstract":"Stretching from the four corners of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, the Colorado Plateau is a natural laboratory for a wide range of studies. This volume presents 23 original articles drawn from more than 100 research projects presented at the Sixth Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau. This scientific gathering revolved around research, inventory, and monitoring of lands in the region. The book's contents cover management techniques for cultural, biological, and physical resources, representing collaborative efforts among federal, university, and private sector scientists and land managers. Chapters on cultural concerns cover benchmarks of modern southwestern anthropological knowledge, models of past human activity and impact of modern visitation at newly established national monuments, challenges in implementing the 1964 Wilderness Act, and opportunities for increased federal research on Native American lands. The section on biological resources comprises sixteen chapters, with coverage that ranges from mammalian biogeography to responses of elk at the urban-wildland interface. Additional biological studies include the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation; research on bald eagles at Grand Canyon and tracking wild turkeys using radio collars; and management of palentological resources. Two final chapters on physical resources consider a proposed rerouting of the Rio de Flag River in urban Flagstaff, Arizona, and an examination of past climate patterns over the Plateau, using stream flow records and tree ring data. In light of similarities in habitat and climate across the Colorado Plateau, techniques useful to particular management units have been found to be applicable in many locations. This volume highlights an abundance of research that will prove useful for all of those working in the region, as well as for others seeking comparative studies that integrate research into land management actions.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Cole, K.L., 2004, The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research, 279 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm.","productDescription":"279 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid1540.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah;Colorado;Arizona;New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6d9e4b08c986b3212be","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224387,"text":"5224387 - 2004 - Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:00:08.489687","indexId":"5224387","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling","docAbstract":"<p>We collected prey remains from 25 Peregrine Falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) territories across Arizona from 1977 to 1988 yielding 58 eyrie-years of data. Along with 793 individual birds (107 species and six additional genera), we found seven mammals and nine insects. In addition, two nestling peregrines were consumed. We found a larger dependence upon White-throated Swifts (<i>Aeronautes saxatalis</i>) and birds on migration in northern Arizona, while in southeastern and central Arizona average prey mass was greater and columbiforms formed the largest dietary component. In northern, central, and southeastern Arizona, 74, 66, and 56 avian prey taxa, respectively, were recorded. We used capture-recapture modeling to estimate totals of <span>111 ± 9.5, 113 ± 10.5, and 86 ± 7.9</span> (SE) avian taxa taken in these same three areas. These values are counterintuitive inasmuch as the southeast has the richest avifauna. For the entire study area, <span>156 ± 9.3</span> avian taxa were estimated to be taken by peregrines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.4.873","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Ellis, C.H., Sabo, B., Rea, A., Dawson, J., Fackler, J., LaRue, C., Grubb, T., Schmitt, J., Smith, D., and Kery, M., 2004, Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 873-886, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.873.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"886","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.873","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-112.538593,37.000674],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.278489,31.333959],[-109.829689,31.334067],[-110.000613,31.333145],[-110.140512,31.333965],[-110.460172,31.332827],[-110.795467,31.33363],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-111.125646,31.348978],[-111.560194,31.488138],[-111.979417,31.620683],[-112.246102,31.704195],[-112.867074,31.895488],[-113.125961,31.97278],[-113.217308,32.002107],[-113.493196,32.088943],[-113.78168,32.179034],[-114.250775,32.32391],[-114.50078,32.400057],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.813991,32.497231],[-114.812316,32.500054],[-114.813694,32.505065],[-114.81237,32.507712],[-114.807726,32.508726],[-114.806017,32.510094],[-114.804694,32.512476],[-114.804958,32.517506],[-114.809723,32.520153],[-114.811576,32.523594],[-114.810563,32.527666],[-114.8064,32.531192],[-114.802181,32.536414],[-114.802018,32.53946],[-114.804776,32.541659],[-114.80583,32.546354],[-114.803883,32.548002],[-114.795635,32.550956],[-114.793769,32.552329],[-114.792065,32.555009],[-114.791551,32.557023],[-114.791988,32.560652],[-114.794635,32.563564],[-114.795959,32.564093],[-114.79766,32.564444],[-114.804429,32.561976],[-114.808929,32.561976],[-114.810517,32.563828],[-114.810517,32.56727],[-114.808929,32.569652],[-114.804421,32.572942],[-114.801877,32.57601],[-114.801471,32.578255],[-114.803879,32.580889],[-114.803987,32.582652],[-114.800441,32.58808],[-114.799683,32.593621],[-114.801548,32.598591],[-114.805932,32.600721],[-114.807906,32.602783],[-114.809042,32.608806],[-114.809393,32.617119],[-114.80739,32.621332],[-114.799302,32.625115],[-114.794102,32.622475],[-114.791179,32.621833],[-114.781872,32.62505],[-114.78267,32.628634],[-114.782235,32.630215],[-114.779215,32.633579],[-114.774482,32.635869],[-114.764382,32.642666],[-114.76331,32.644617],[-114.763512,32.645996],[-114.765067,32.648047],[-114.76495,32.649391],[-114.75831,32.655178],[-114.753111,32.658304],[-114.748,32.664184],[-114.747848,32.667693],[-114.745345,32.672187],[-114.744491,32.678671],[-114.730453,32.698843],[-114.730086,32.704298],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-114.717665,32.721654],[-114.714522,32.73039],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.69879,32.744846],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.684278,32.737537],[-114.667493,32.734226],[-114.65826,32.733799],[-114.632686,32.730846],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.615585,32.728446],[-114.614772,32.734089],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.528443,32.767276],[-114.531831,32.774264],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.531669,32.791185],[-114.528849,32.796307],[-114.522031,32.801675],[-114.515389,32.811439],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.465546,32.874809],[-114.465715,32.87942],[-114.463127,32.901884],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.464448,32.913129],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.479005,32.928291],[-114.48092,32.935252],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.478456,32.940555],[-114.474042,32.94515],[-114.470833,32.949333],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.46773,32.956323],[-114.467272,32.960675],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469039,32.972295],[-114.470988,32.97406],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.480417,32.973665],[-114.481315,32.972064],[-114.488625,32.969946],[-114.490129,32.969885],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.494212,32.974262],[-114.495712,32.980076],[-114.499797,33.003905],[-114.50613,33.01701],[-114.511343,33.023455],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.523578,33.030961],[-114.538459,33.033422],[-114.553189,33.033974],[-114.571653,33.036624],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.578287,33.035375],[-114.581404,33.032545],[-114.584765,33.028231],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.601014,33.02541],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.625787,33.029436],[-114.628293,33.031052],[-114.639553,33.045291],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.649001,33.046763],[-114.655038,33.037107],[-114.657827,33.033825],[-114.659832,33.032665],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.66506,33.033908],[-114.670803,33.037984],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.675104,33.047532],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.68912,33.076122],[-114.689307,33.079179],[-114.688597,33.082869],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.692548,33.085786],[-114.701165,33.086368],[-114.70473,33.087051],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.707819,33.091102],[-114.707896,33.097432],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.696829,33.131209],[-114.689995,33.137883],[-114.687074,33.142196],[-114.682253,33.155214],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.678729,33.162948],[-114.680248,33.169717],[-114.679034,33.174738],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.67536,33.185489],[-114.67519,33.188179],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.673715,33.219245],[-114.673626,33.223121],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678097,33.2303],[-114.682731,33.234918],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.689541,33.246428],[-114.688205,33.247966],[-114.674491,33.255597],[-114.672088,33.258499],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.677032,33.27017],[-114.680507,33.273577],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.694449,33.279786],[-114.711197,33.283342],[-114.717875,33.285157],[-114.72167,33.286982],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.731222,33.304039],[-114.729904,33.305745],[-114.723623,33.31211],[-114.710792,33.320607],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.705241,33.327767],[-114.700938,33.337014],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.699053,33.361148],[-114.707348,33.376628],[-114.70731,33.382542],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.713602,33.388257],[-114.722872,33.398779],[-114.725292,33.402342],[-114.725282,33.405048],[-114.723829,33.406531],[-114.720065,33.407891],[-114.710878,33.407254],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.697707,33.410942],[-114.695655,33.415127],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.673901,33.418299],[-114.658382,33.413036],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.64954,33.413633],[-114.643302,33.416745],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.62964,33.428138],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.622283,33.447558],[-114.623395,33.45449],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.612472,33.470768],[-114.601696,33.481394],[-114.599713,33.484315],[-114.597283,33.490653],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.588239,33.502453],[-114.580468,33.506465],[-114.573757,33.507543],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.560963,33.516739],[-114.560835,33.524334],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.542011,33.542481],[-114.524599,33.552231],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.526834,33.557466],[-114.535965,33.569154],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.529186,33.60665],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.524619,33.61426],[-114.525783,33.616588],[-114.527938,33.618839],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.529856,33.627448],[-114.526947,33.633073],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.53005,33.647619],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.525201,33.658092],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.529706,33.668031],[-114.530999,33.671102],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.530348,33.679245],[-114.527782,33.682684],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.512409,33.691282],[-114.504993,33.693022],[-114.496489,33.696901],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.494901,33.71443],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.500788,33.722204],[-114.502661,33.724584],[-114.504176,33.728055],[-114.506799,33.730518],[-114.510265,33.732146],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.508206,33.741587],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.507089,33.76793],[-114.516734,33.788345],[-114.520094,33.799473],[-114.52805,33.814963],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.522714,33.818979],[-114.520733,33.822031],[-114.51997,33.825381],[-114.523409,33.835323],[-114.525539,33.838614],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.529385,33.851755],[-114.528451,33.854929],[-114.526771,33.857357],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.516811,33.85812],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.505638,33.864276],[-114.503887,33.865754],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.503395,33.875018],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.516501,33.885926],[-114.518928,33.891714],[-114.517808,33.894889],[-114.516314,33.896196],[-114.508708,33.90064],[-114.507988,33.901813],[-114.50792,33.903807],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.511511,33.911092],[-114.518434,33.917518],[-114.525361,33.922272],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.534987,33.928499],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.52868,33.947817],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.51586,33.958106],[-114.511231,33.95704],[-114.509568,33.957264],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.495047,33.966835],[-114.484784,33.975519],[-114.481455,33.981261],[-114.475907,33.984424],[-114.471138,33.98804],[-114.467932,33.992877],[-114.462377,33.993781],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.460264,33.996649],[-114.460415,33.999215],[-114.46283,34.004497],[-114.463132,34.00661],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,34.010081],[-114.458906,34.010835],[-114.454807,34.010968],[-114.450206,34.012574],[-114.443821,34.016176],[-114.44054,34.019329],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.436171,34.028083],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.435504,34.042615],[-114.438602,34.050205],[-114.439406,34.05381],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.437683,34.071937],[-114.435429,34.079727],[-114.434181,34.087379],[-114.428026,34.092787],[-114.426168,34.097042],[-114.420499,34.103466],[-114.415908,34.107636],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.405941,34.11154],[-114.401352,34.111652],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.379234,34.115988],[-114.369297,34.117517],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.360402,34.123577],[-114.356373,34.130429],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.348052,34.134458],[-114.336112,34.134035],[-114.324576,34.136759],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.312206,34.144776],[-114.292806,34.166725],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.275267,34.17215],[-114.268267,34.17021],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.244191,34.179625],[-114.240712,34.183232],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.227034,34.188866],[-114.224941,34.193896],[-114.225861,34.201774],[-114.225194,34.203642],[-114.211761,34.211539],[-114.208253,34.215505],[-114.190876,34.230858],[-114.17805,34.239969],[-114.176403,34.241512],[-114.173119,34.247226],[-114.166536,34.249647],[-114.164476,34.251667],[-114.161826,34.257038],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.153346,34.258289],[-114.147159,34.259564],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.136185,34.261296],[-114.134612,34.263518],[-114.134427,34.266387],[-114.137045,34.277018],[-114.13605,34.280833],[-114.138365,34.288564],[-114.139534,34.295844],[-114.138167,34.300936],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.14093,34.305919],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.168807,34.339513],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.185556,34.354386],[-114.191094,34.356125],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.213774,34.36246],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.229686,34.368908],[-114.234275,34.376662],[-114.245261,34.385659],[-114.252739,34.3901],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.267521,34.402486],[-114.280108,34.403147],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.288663,34.406623],[-114.291751,34.411104],[-114.292226,34.417606],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.301016,34.426807],[-114.312251,34.432726],[-114.319054,34.435831],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.330669,34.445295],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.339627,34.451435],[-114.342615,34.451442],[-114.356025,34.449744],[-114.363404,34.447773],[-114.373719,34.446938],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.378852,34.450376],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.387407,34.460492],[-114.387187,34.462021],[-114.381701,34.47604],[-114.383038,34.488903],[-114.382358,34.495757],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.378223,34.516521],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.389603,34.542982],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.43009,34.596874],[-114.424326,34.602338],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.428648,34.614641],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.441398,34.630171],[-114.440294,34.63824],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.444276,34.646542],[-114.449549,34.651423],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.452628,34.659573],[-114.451785,34.663891],[-114.451971,34.666795],[-114.454305,34.671234],[-114.456567,34.677956],[-114.462178,34.6858],[-114.465246,34.691202],[-114.46809,34.701786],[-114.46862,34.707573],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.47162,34.712966],[-114.473682,34.713964],[-114.481954,34.716036],[-114.486768,34.7191],[-114.490971,34.724848],[-114.495858,34.727956],[-114.510292,34.733582],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.529615,34.750822],[-114.540306,34.757109],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.558653,34.773852],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.574569,34.805746],[-114.576452,34.8153],[-114.581126,34.826115],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.592339,34.841153],[-114.600653,34.847361],[-114.619878,34.856873],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.630682,34.866352],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.636768,34.885705],[-114.636725,34.889107],[-114.635425,34.895192],[-114.630877,34.907263],[-114.630552,34.911852],[-114.633237,34.92123],[-114.633253,34.924608],[-114.632196,34.930628],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.629811,34.94481],[-114.631681,34.95131],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.635237,34.965149],[-114.634607,34.96906],[-114.629907,34.980791],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.62919,34.991887],[-114.629928,34.99474],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.636674,35.008807],[-114.638023,35.020556],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.632429,35.037586],[-114.627124,35.044721],[-114.606694,35.058941],[-114.603619,35.064226],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.604736,35.07483],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.622517,35.088703],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.644352,35.105904],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.619905,35.121632],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.58774,35.123729],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.569569,35.163053],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.572119,35.200591],[-114.574835,35.205898],[-114.579963,35.20964],[-114.583559,35.22993],[-114.583111,35.23809],[-114.587129,35.262376],[-114.597503,35.296954],[-114.595931,35.325234],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.611435,35.369056],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.652005,35.429165],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.6645,35.449497],[-114.666377,35.466856],[-114.672901,35.481708],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.679205,35.499992],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.673805,35.517891],[-114.663105,35.524491],[-114.658005,35.530491],[-114.656905,35.534391],[-114.657405,35.536391],[-114.660205,35.539291],[-114.662005,35.545491],[-114.663005,35.56369],[-114.666184,35.577576],[-114.665649,35.580428],[-114.659606,35.58749],[-114.654306,35.59759],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.658206,35.619089],[-114.677107,35.641489],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.690008,35.664688],[-114.682207,35.678188],[-114.680607,35.685488],[-114.683208,35.689387],[-114.694108,35.695187],[-114.701208,35.701187],[-114.705409,35.708287],[-114.705309,35.711587],[-114.697309,35.733686],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.701409,35.769086],[-114.69891,35.790185],[-114.71211,35.806185],[-114.70991,35.810185],[-114.70371,35.814585],[-114.69571,35.830601],[-114.699848,35.843283],[-114.699848,35.84837],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.68201,35.863284],[-114.679501,35.868023],[-114.67742,35.874728],[-114.68112,35.885364],[-114.700271,35.901772],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.715692,35.934709],[-114.729356,35.941413],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.728318,35.95629],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.740595,35.975656],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.742779,36.009963],[-114.740522,36.013336],[-114.731162,36.021862],[-114.729707,36.028166],[-114.730435,36.031317],[-114.734314,36.035681],[-114.739405,36.037863],[-114.740617,36.041015],[-114.740375,36.049258],[-114.736738,36.054349],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.743342,36.070535],[-114.754099,36.07944],[-114.755491,36.081601],[-114.755618,36.087166],[-114.753638,36.090705],[-114.747079,36.097005],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.717293,36.107686],[-114.709771,36.107742],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.66289,36.119932],[-114.65995,36.124145],[-114.631716,36.142306],[-114.627855,36.141012],[-114.621883,36.13213],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.608264,36.133949],[-114.597212,36.142103],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.545789,36.152248],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.506711,36.148277],[-114.504631,36.145629],[-114.506144,36.134659],[-114.505766,36.131444],[-114.504442,36.129741],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.49612,36.12785],[-114.487034,36.129396],[-114.470152,36.138801],[-114.463637,36.139695],[-114.458369,36.138586],[-114.453325,36.130726],[-114.448654,36.12641],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.427169,36.136305],[-114.41695,36.145761],[-114.412373,36.147254],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.363109,36.130246],[-114.337273,36.10802],[-114.328777,36.105501],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.305738,36.074882],[-114.307879,36.071291],[-114.314206,36.066619],[-114.316109,36.063109],[-114.315557,36.059494],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.270645,36.03572],[-114.266721,36.029238],[-114.263146,36.025937],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.238799,36.014561],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.21369,36.015613],[-114.19238,36.020993],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.166465,36.027738],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.151725,36.024563],[-114.148191,36.028013],[-114.138202,36.041284],[-114.137188,36.046785],[-114.138203,36.053161],[-114.136896,36.059467],[-114.114531,36.095217],[-114.114165,36.096982],[-114.117459,36.100893],[-114.123221,36.104746],[-114.123975,36.106515],[-114.123144,36.111576],[-114.120862,36.114596],[-114.111011,36.119875],[-114.103222,36.120176],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.088954,36.144381],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.060302,36.189363],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.046743,36.245246],[-114.048226,36.268874],[-114.048515,36.289598],[-114.046935,36.315449],[-114.047584,36.325573],[-114.045806,36.391071],[-114.045829,36.442973],[-114.046488,36.473449],[-114.048476,36.49998],[-114.04966,36.621113],[-114.050167,36.624978],[-114.050562,36.656259],[-114.050619,36.843128],[-114.049995,36.957769],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-112.538593,37.000674]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Catherine H.","contributorId":83222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabo, B.A.","contributorId":80797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabo","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rea, A.M.","contributorId":59921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, J.","contributorId":94768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fackler, J.K.","contributorId":78851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackler","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"LaRue, C.T.","contributorId":88449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRue","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grubb, T.G.","contributorId":87235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmitt, J.","contributorId":44646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":5224428,"text":"5224428 - 2004 - Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:43:05","indexId":"5224428","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Demographic studies in plants appear simple because unlike animals, plants do not run away. Plant individuals can be marked with, e.g., plastic tags, but often the coordinates of an individual may be sufficient to identify it. Vascular plants in temperate latitudes have a pronounced seasonal life–cycle, so most plant demographers survey their study plots once a year often during or shortly after flowering. Life–states are pervasive in plants, hence the results of a demographic study for an individual can be summarized in a familiar encounter history, such as 0VFVVF000. A zero means that an individual was not seen in a year and a letter denotes its state for years when it was seen aboveground. V and F here stand for vegetative and flowering states, respectively. Probabilities of survival and state transitions can then be obtained by mere counting.</span><br><span>Problems arise when there is an unobservable dormant state, i.e., when plants may stay belowground for one or more growing seasons. Encounter histories such as 0VF00F000 may then occur where the meaning of zeroes becomes ambiguous. A zero can either mean a dead or a dormant plant. Various ad hoc methods in wide use among plant ecologists have made strong assumptions about when a zero should be equated to a dormant individual. These methods have never been compared among each other. In our talk and in Kéry et al. (submitted), we show that these ad hoc estimators provide spurious estimates of survival and should not be used.</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>In contrast, if detection probabilities for aboveground plants are known or can be estimated, capturerecapture (CR) models can be used to estimate probabilities of survival and state–transitions and the fraction of the population that is dormant. We have used this approach in two studies of terrestrial orchids, </span><i>Cleistes bifaria</i><span> (Kéry et al., submitted) and </span><i>Cypripedium reginae</i><span>(Kéry &amp; Gregg, submitted) in West Virginia, U.S.A. For Cleistes, our data comprised one population with a total of 620 marked ramets over 10 years, and for </span><i>Cypripedium</i><span>, two populations with 98 and 258 marked ramets over 11 years. We chose the ramet (= single stem or shoot) as the demographic unit of our study since there was no way distinguishing among genets (genet = genetical individual, i.e., the “individual” that animal ecologists are mostly concerned with). This will introduce some non–independence into the data, which can nevertheless be dealt with easily by correcting variances for overdispersion. Using ramets instead of genets has the further advantage that individuals can be assigned to a state such as flowering or vegetative in an unambiguous manner. This is not possible when genets are the demographic units. In all three populations, auxiliary data was available to show that detection probability of aboveground plants was m 0.995</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>We fitted multistate models in program MARK by specifying three states (D, V, F), even though the dormant state D does not occur in the encounter histories. Detection probability is fixed at 1 for the vegetative (V) and the flowering state (F) and at zero for the dormant state (D). Rates of survival and of state transitions as well as slopes of covariate relationships can be estimated and LRT or the AIC machinery be used to select among models. To estimate the fraction of the population in the unobservable</span><br><span>dormant state, the encounter histories are collapsed to 0 (plant not observed aboveground) and 1 (plant observed aboveground). The Cormack–Jolly–Seber model without constraints on detection probability is used to estimate detection probability, the complement of which is the estimated fraction of the population in the dormant state.</span><br><span>Parameter identifiability is an important issue in multi state models. We used the Catchpole–Morgan–Freeman approach to determine which parameters are estimable in principle in our multi state models. Most of 15 tested models were indeed estimable with the notable exception of the most general model, which has fully interactive state- and time-dependent survival and state transition rates. This model would become identifiable if at least some plants would be excavated in years when they do not show up aboveground.</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>Our analyses for three analyzed populations of Cleistes and Cypripedium yielded annual ramet survival rates ranging from 0.86–0.96. Estimates of the average fraction dormant ranged from 0.02–0.30, but with up to half a population in the dormant state in some years. Ultrastructural modeling enables interesting hypotheses to be tested about the relationships of demographic rates with climatic covariates for instance. Such covariate modeling makes the CR approach particularly interesting for evolutionary–ecological questions about, e.g., the adaptive significance of the dormant state.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Gregg, K., 2004, Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/demographic-estimation-methods-for-plants-with-dormancy/?lang=en"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, K.B.","contributorId":34224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}