The nature of carbon (C) cycling in the unsaturated zone where groundwater is in contact with abundant gas-filled voids is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to trace inorganic-C cycling in a karst landscape using stable-C isotopes, with emphasis on a shallow groundwater flow path through the soil, to an underlying cave, and to the spring outlet of a cave stream in the Ozark Plateaus of northwestern Arkansas. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C-CO2) in gas and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C-DIC) in water were measured in samples collected from two suction-cup soil samplers above the cave, three sites in the cave, and at the spring outlet of the cave stream. Soil-gas CO2 concentration (median 2,578 ppm) and δ13C-CO2 (median − 21.5‰) were seasonally variable, reflecting the effects of surface temperature changes on soil-CO2 production via respiration and organic-matter decomposition. Cave-air CO2 (median 1,026 ppm) was sourced from the soil zone and the surface atmosphere, with seasonally changing proportions of each source controlled by surface temperature-driven air density gradients. Soil-DIC concentration (median 1.7 mg L− 1) was lower and soil-δ13C-DIC (median − 19.5‰) was lighter compared to the cave (median 23.3 mg L− 1 and − 14.3‰, respectively) because carbonate-bedrock dissolution provided an inorganic source of C to the cave. Carbon species in the soil had a unique, light stable-C isotopic signature compared to the cave. Discrimination of soil-C sources to karst groundwater was achieved, which is critical for developing hydrologic budgets using environmental tracers such as C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.05.004","usgsCitation":"Knierim, K.J., Pollock, E.D., Covington, M.D., Hays, P.D., and Brye, K.R., 2017, Carbon cycling in the mantled karst of the Ozark Plateaus, central United States: Geoderma Regional, v. 10, p. 64-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.05.004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-066344","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.05.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610XJ5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Carbonate geochemistry dataset of the soil and an underlying cave in the Ozark Plateaus, central United States"},{"id":341306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe34e4b0a7fdb43c8beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knierim, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5361-4132 kknierim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4132","contributorId":191788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knierim","given":"Katherine","email":"kknierim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Erik D.","contributorId":192014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Covington, Matthew D.","contributorId":192015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Covington","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brye, Kristofor R.","contributorId":192016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brye","given":"Kristofor","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187712,"text":"70187712 - 2017 - Using tri-axial accelerometers to identify wild polar bear behaviors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-09T12:17:23","indexId":"70187712","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using tri-axial accelerometers to identify wild polar bear behaviors","docAbstract":"Tri-axial accelerometers have been used to remotely identify the behaviors of a wide range of taxa. Assigning behaviors to accelerometer data often involves the use of captive animals or surrogate species, as their accelerometer signatures are generally assumed to be similar to those of their wild counterparts. However, this has rarely been tested. Validated accelerometer data are needed for polar bears Ursus maritimus to understand how habitat conditions may influence behavior and energy demands. We used accelerometer and water conductivity data to remotely distinguish 10 polar bear behaviors. We calibrated accelerometer and conductivity data collected from collars with behaviors observed from video-recorded captive polar bears and brown bears U. arctos, and with video from camera collars deployed on free-ranging polar bears on sea ice and on land. We used random forest models to predict behaviors and found strong ability to discriminate the most common wild polar bear behaviors using a combination of accelerometer and conductivity sensor data from captive or wild polar bears. In contrast, models using data from captive brown bears failed to reliably distinguish most active behaviors in wild polar bears. Our ability to discriminate behavior was greatest when species- and habitat-specific data from wild individuals were used to train models. Data from captive individuals may be suitable for calibrating accelerometers, but may provide reduced ability to discriminate some behaviors. The accelerometer calibrations developed here provide a method to quantify polar bear behaviors to evaluate the impacts of declines in Arctic sea ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00779","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Cutting, A., Owen, M., Jensen, S., Ware, J., Robbins, C., Durner, G.M., Atwood, T.C., Obbard, M., Middel, K., Thiemann, G., and Williams, T., 2017, Using tri-axial accelerometers to identify wild polar bear behaviors: Endangered Species Research, v. 32, p. 19-33, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00779.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-075328","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00779","text":"Publisher Index 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Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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G.W.","contributorId":192051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Williams, T.M.","contributorId":192052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70187691,"text":"70187691 - 2017 - Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T09:30:52","indexId":"70187691","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel","docAbstract":"Marine debris (litter) is a complex problem that affects human activities and the marine environment worldwide. The Clean Coast Program in Israel has had some success in keeping most of the coasts clean most of the time, but without understanding the mechanisms of accumulation of marine debris on the coasts of Israel. In 2012, we initiated a study to characterize the types of marine debris, its origins and spatial distribution. Nineteen surveys were done from June 2012 to March 2015 on eight beaches that spanned the coast of Israel. Average debris density was 12.1 items per 100 m2 and 90% of the items were plastic. The top debris categories were food wrappers and disposables, plastic bags and cigarette butts. However, there was variation in the top debris categories among the beaches indicating that a flexible approach with multiple options will be important when addressing the marine debris problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.023","usgsCitation":"Pasternak, G., Zviely, D., Ribic, C., Ariel, A., and Spanier, E., 2017, Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 114, no. 2, p. 1036-1045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1036","endPage":"1045","ipdsId":"IP-076235","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Mediterranean coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.5,\n 31.17\n ],\n [\n 35.3333,\n 31.17\n ],\n [\n 35.3333,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n 33.5,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n 33.5,\n 31.17\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe34e4b0a7fdb43c8be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pasternak, Galia","contributorId":192017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasternak","given":"Galia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zviely, Dov","contributorId":192018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zviely","given":"Dov","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ariel, Asaf","contributorId":192019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ariel","given":"Asaf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spanier, Ehud","contributorId":192020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spanier","given":"Ehud","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187688,"text":"70187688 - 2017 - Using decision analysis to support proactive management of emerging infectious wildlife diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:04:16","indexId":"70187688","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using decision analysis to support proactive management of emerging infectious wildlife diseases","docAbstract":"Despite calls for improved responses to emerging infectious diseases in wildlife, management is seldom considered until a disease has been detected in affected populations. Reactive approaches may limit the potential for control and increase total response costs. An alternative, proactive management framework can identify immediate actions that reduce future impacts even before a disease is detected, and plan subsequent actions that are conditional on disease emergence. We identify four main obstacles to developing proactive management strategies for the newly discovered salamander pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Given that uncertainty is a hallmark of wildlife disease management and that associated decisions are often complicated by multiple competing objectives, we advocate using decision analysis to create and evaluate trade-offs between proactive (pre-emergence) and reactive (post-emergence) management options. Policy makers and natural resource agency personnel can apply principles from decision analysis to improve strategies for countering emerging infectious diseases.
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LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70187689,"text":"70187689 - 2017 - Challenges for creating a site-specific groundwater-use record for the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (central USA) from 1900 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-22T16:44:26","indexId":"70187689","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges for creating a site-specific groundwater-use record for the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (central USA) from 1900 to 2010","docAbstract":"Hydrologic budgets to determine groundwater availability are important tools for water-resource managers. One challenging component for developing hydrologic budgets is quantifying water use through time because historical and site-specific water-use data can be sparse or poorly documented. This research developed a groundwater-use record for the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (central USA) from 1900 to 2010 that related county-level aggregated water-use data to site-specific well locations and aquifer units. A simple population-based linear model, constrained to 0 million liters per day in 1900, provided the best means to extrapolate groundwater-withdrawal rates pre-1950s when there was a paucity of water-use data. To disaggregate county-level data to individual wells across a regional aquifer system, a programmatic hierarchical process was developed, based on the level of confidence that a well pumped groundwater for a specific use during a specific year. Statistical models tested on a subset of the best-available site-specific water-use data provided a mechanism to bracket historic groundwater use, such that groundwater-withdrawal rates ranged, on average, plus or minus 38% from modeled values. Groundwater withdrawn for public supply and domestic use accounted for between 48 and 74% of total groundwater use since 1901, highlighting that groundwater provides an important drinking-water resource. The compilation, analysis, and spatial and temporal extrapolation of water-use data remain a challenging task for water scientists, but is of paramount importance to better quantify groundwater use and availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-017-1593-1","usgsCitation":"Knierim, K.J., Nottmeier, A.M., Worland, S.C., Westerman, D.A., and Clark, B.R., 2017, Challenges for creating a site-specific groundwater-use record for the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (central USA) from 1900 to 2010: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1779-1793, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1593-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1779","endPage":"1793","ipdsId":"IP-078969","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1593-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GQ6VV1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater withdrawal rates from the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, 1900 to 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]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe34e4b0a7fdb43c8bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knierim, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5361-4132 kknierim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4132","contributorId":191788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knierim","given":"Katherine","email":"kknierim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nottmeier, Anna M. 0000-0002-0205-0955 anottmeier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-0955","contributorId":5283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nottmeier","given":"Anna","email":"anottmeier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worland, Scott C. 0000-0001-6384-2457 scworland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-2457","contributorId":5802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worland","given":"Scott","email":"scworland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194620,"text":"70194620 - 2017 - Variation in δ15N and δ13C values of forages for Arctic caribou: Effects of location, phenology and simulated digestion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:35:35","indexId":"70194620","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Variation in δ15N and δ13C values of forages for Arctic caribou: Effects of location, phenology and simulated digestion","title":"Variation in δ15N and δ13C values of forages for Arctic caribou: Effects of location, phenology and simulated digestion","docAbstract":"Rationale
The use of stable isotopes for dietary estimates of wildlife assumes that there are consistent differences in isotopic ratios among diet items, and that the differences in these ratios between the diet item and the animal tissues (i.e., fractionation) are predictable. However, variation in isotopic ratios and fractionation of δ13C and δ15N values among locations, seasons, and forages are poorly described for arctic herbivores especially migratory species such as caribou (Rangifer tarandus).
Methods
We measured the δ13C and δ15N values of seven species of forage growing along a 200-km transect through the range of the Central Arctic caribou herd on the North Slope of Alaska over 2 years. We compared forages available at the beginning (May; n = 175) and the end (n = 157) of the growing season (September). Purified enzymes were used to measure N digestibility and to assess isotopic fractionation in response to nutrient digestibility during simulated digestion.
Results
Values for δ13C declined by 1.38 ‰ with increasing latitude across the transect, and increased by 0.44 ‰ from the beginning to the end of the season. The range of values for δ15N was greater than that for δ13C (13.29 vs 5.60 ‰). Differences in values for δ13C between graminoids (Eriophorum and Carex spp.) and shrubs (Betula and Salix spp.) were small but δ15N values distinguished graminoids (1.87 ± 1.02 ‰) from shrubs (−2.87 ± 2.93 ‰) consistently across season and latitude. However, undigested residues of forages were enriched in 15N when the digestibility of N was less than 0.67.
Conclusions
Although δ15N values can distinguish plant groups in the diet of arctic herbivores, variation in the digestibility of dietary items may need to be considered in applying fractionation values for 15N to caribou and other herbivores that select highly digestible items (e.g. forbs) as well as heavily defended plants (e.g. woody browse).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7849","usgsCitation":"Vansomeren, L.L., Barboza, P.S., Gustine, D.D., and Bret-Harte, M., 2017, Variation in δ15N and δ13C values of forages for Arctic caribou: Effects of location, phenology and simulated digestion: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 31, no. 9, p. 813-820, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7849.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"820","ipdsId":"IP-065040","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.61120561869633\n ],\n [\n -143.701171875,\n 70.31873847853124\n ],\n [\n -148.6669921875,\n 70.55417853776078\n ],\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 70.94535555009823\n ],\n [\n -156.796875,\n 71.48308562053703\n ],\n [\n -159.7412109375,\n 70.94535555009823\n ],\n [\n -162.421875,\n 70.34831755984779\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 69.25614923150721\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 69.08425705053145\n ],\n [\n -166.728515625,\n 68.38299634059615\n ],\n [\n -166.1572265625,\n 68.2042121888185\n ],\n [\n -162.68554687499997,\n 68.35059429645612\n ],\n [\n -153.369140625,\n 68.39918004344189\n ],\n [\n -146.9970703125,\n 69.30279408245205\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.61120561869633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fbc9e4b06e28e9c23672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vansomeren, Lindsey L.","contributorId":167723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vansomeren","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24816,"text":"Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia","contributorId":201219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bret-Harte","given":"M. Syndonia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188569,"text":"70188569 - 2017 - Potential human impacts of overlapping land-use and climate in a sensitive dryland: a case study of the Colorado Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:00:47","indexId":"70188569","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential human impacts of overlapping land-use and climate in a sensitive dryland: a case study of the Colorado Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"Climate and land-use interactions are likely to affect future environmental and socioeconomic conditions in drylands, which tend to be limited by water resources and prone to land degradation. We characterized the potential for interactions between land-use types and land-use and climate change in a model dryland system, the Colorado Plateau, a region with a history of climatic variability and land-use change. We analyzed the spatial and temporal trends in aridification, land-use, and recreation at the county and 10 km2 grid scales. Our results show that oil and gas development and recreation may interact due to increasing trends and overlapping areas of high intensity. Projections suggest that aridification will impact all vegetation classes, with some of the highest proportional change in the south-east. The results suggest that the rate of change and spatial pattern of land-use in the future may differ from past patterns in land-use scale and intensity.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1823","usgsCitation":"Copeland, S.M., Bradford, J.B., Duniway, M.C., and Schuster, R., 2017, Potential human impacts of overlapping land-use and climate in a sensitive dryland: a case study of the Colorado Plateau, USA: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1823.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-073626","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72J6B1M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Potential Land-use Intensity, Aridification Trends, Overlap, and Impact Scenarios, Geospatial Data, Colorado Plateau, USA"},{"id":342569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -105.31494140625,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -105.31494140625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 33.779147331286474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c94e4b062508e31a9a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Copeland, Stella M. 0000-0001-6707-4803 scopeland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-4803","contributorId":169538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Stella","email":"scopeland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy 0000-0003-2353-8500 schusterr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-8500","contributorId":3119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy","email":"schusterr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193711,"text":"70193711 - 2017 - Designing a global assessment of climate change on inland fishes and fisheries: knowns and needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T15:06:46","indexId":"70193711","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Designing a global assessment of climate change on inland fishes and fisheries: knowns and needs","docAbstract":"To date, there are few comprehensive assessments of how climate change affects inland finfish, fisheries, and aquaculture at a global scale, but one is necessary to identify research needs and commonalities across regions and to help guide decision making and funding priorities. Broadly, the consequences of climate change on inland fishes will impact global food security, the livelihoods of people who depend on inland capture and recreational fisheries. However, understanding how climate change will affect inland fishes and fisheries has lagged behind marine assessments. Building from a North American inland fisheries assessment, we convened an expert panel from seven countries to provide a first-step to a framework for determining how to approach an assessment of how climate change may affect inland fishes, capture fisheries, and aquaculture globally. Starting with the small group helped frame the key questions (e.g., who is the audience? What is the best approach and spatial scale?). Data gaps identified by the group include: the tolerances of inland fisheries to changes in temperature, stream flows, salinity, and other environmental factors linked to climate change, and the adaptive capacity of fishes and fisheries to adjust to these changes. These questions are difficult to address, but long-term and large-scale datasets are becoming more readily available as a means to test hypotheses related to climate change. We hope this perspective will help researchers and decision makers identify research priorities and provide a framework to help sustain inland fish populations and fisheries for the diversity of users around the globe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s11160-017-9477-y","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C.P., Lynch, A.J., Beard, T., Chen, Y., Cooke, S., Cooperman, M.S., Cowx, I.G., Infante, D.M., Ibengwe, L., Myers, B., Nguyen, P.H., and Winfield, I.J., 2017, Designing a global assessment of climate change on inland fishes and fisheries: knowns and needs: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 27, no. 2, p. 393-409, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9477-y.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"409","ipdsId":"IP-085838","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9477-y","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425b8e4b0dc0b45b45375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail J. 0000-0001-8449-8392 ajlynch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":5645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr. dbeard@usgs.gov","contributorId":150495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Yushun","contributorId":187716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yushun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooperman, Michael S.","contributorId":174111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooperman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cowx, Ian G.","contributorId":37228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowx","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ibengwe, Lilian","contributorId":200187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibengwe","given":"Lilian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Myers, Bonnie 0000-0002-3170-2633 bjmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-2633","contributorId":176495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bonnie","email":"bjmyers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nguyen, Phu Hoa","contributorId":169469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Phu","email":"","middleInitial":"Hoa","affiliations":[{"id":25521,"text":"Nonglam University - Ho Chi Minh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winfield, Ian J.","contributorId":197667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winfield","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70187124,"text":"ds1049 - 2017 - Coastal bathymetry data collected in May 2015 from Fire Island, New York—Wilderness breach and shoreface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T13:40:45","indexId":"ds1049","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1049","title":"Coastal bathymetry data collected in May 2015 from Fire Island, New York—Wilderness breach and shoreface","docAbstract":"Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, conducted a bathymetric survey of Fire Island from May 6-20, 2015. The USGS is involved in a post-Hurricane Sandy effort to map and monitor the morphologic evolution of the wilderness breach as a part of the Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B. During this study, bathymetry data were collected with single-beam echo sounders and Global Positioning Systems, which were mounted to personal watercraft, along the Fire Island shoreface and within the wilderness breach. Additional bathymetry and elevation data were collected using backpack Global Positioning Systems on flood shoals and in shallow channels within the wilderness breach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1049","usgsCitation":"Nelson, T.R., Miselis, J.L., Hapke, C.J., Brenner, O.T., Henderson, R.E., Reynolds, B.J., Wilson, K.E., 2017, Coastal bathymetry data collected in May 2015 from Fire Island, New York—Wilderness breach and shoreface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1049, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1049.\n\n","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073892","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1049/index.html","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1049/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.35,\n 40.55\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 40.55\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 40.866667\n ],\n [\n -73.35,\n 40.866667\n ],\n [\n -73.35,\n 40.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
This map product contains a set of three 1:18,000-scale maps showing the geology and structure of study areas in the western Candor Chasma region of Valles Marineris, Mars. These maps are part of an informal series of large-scale maps and map-based topical studies aimed at refining current understanding of the geologic history of western Candor Chasma. The map bases consist of digital elevation models and orthorectified images derived from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) data. These maps are accompanied by geologic cross sections, colorized elevation maps, and cutouts of HiRISE images showing key superposition relations. Also included in this product is a Correlation of Map Units that integrates units across all three map areas, as well as an integrated Description of Map Units and an integrated Explanation of Map Symbols. The maps were assembled using ArcGIS software produced by Environmental Systems Research Institute (http://www.esri.com). The ArcGIS projects and databases associated with each map are included online as supplemental data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3359","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C.H., and Gaither, T.A., 2017, Bedrock and structural geologic maps of eastern Candor Sulci, western Ceti Mensa, and southeastern Ceti Mensa, Candor Chasma, Valles Marineris region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3359, pamphlet 12 p., scale 1:18,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3359.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 46.89 x 39.22 inches and 43.00 x 51.70 inches; Pamphlet: i, 12 p.; GIS files; Basemaps; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073122","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_sheet.1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":340815,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"944 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":340817,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"23.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":341003,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_gis.zip","text":"GIS Files","size":"502 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":341074,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_fullresolutionbasemaps.zip","text":"Full resolution basemaps","size":"3.7 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":340818,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/sim3359_metadata.zip","text":"Metadata","size":"19.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3359"},{"id":340807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3359/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Astrogeology Research Program staff
Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Pamphlet Contents
Because of a lack of clarity about the status of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in coastal southern California, the USGS, in collaboration with local, State, and other Federal agencies, began a multi-year survey and tracking program of golden eagles to address questions regarding habitat use, movement behavior, nest occupancy, genetic population structure, and human impacts on eagles. Golden eagle trapping and tracking efforts began in September 2014. During trapping efforts from September 29, 2014, to February 23, 2016, 27 golden eagles were captured. During trapping efforts from February 24, 2016, to February 23, 2017, an additional 10 golden eagles (7 females and 3 males) were captured in San Diego, Orange, and western Riverside Counties. Biotelemetry data for 26 of the 37 golden eagles that were transmitting data from February 24, 2016, to February 23, 2017 are presented. These eagles ranged as far north as northern Nevada and southern Wyoming, and as far south as La Paz, Baja California, Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Tracey, J.A., Madden, M.C., Sebes, J.B., Bloom, P.H., Katzner, T.E., and Fisher, R.N., 2017, Biotelemetery data for golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) captured in coastal southern California, February 2016–February 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1051, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1051.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085815","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1051/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1051/ds1051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1051"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Water is a precious and limited commodity in the western United States and its conveyance is extremely important. Therefore, it is critical to do as much as possible to prevent the spread of two species of dreissenid mussels, both non-native and highly invasive aquatic species already well-established in the eastern half of the United States. This book addresses the occurrences of the two dreissenid mussels in the West, the quagga mussel and the zebra mussel, that are both known to negatively impact water delivery systems and natural ecosystems. It is edited by two researchers whom have extensive experience working with the mussels in the West and is composed of 34 chapters, or articles, written by a variety of experts.
Book information: Biology and Management of Invasive Quagga and Zebra Mussels in the Western United States. Edited by Wai Hing Wong and Shawn L. Gerstenberger. Boca Raton (Florida): CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group). $149.95. xx + 545 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-1-4665-9561-3. [Compact Disc included.] 2015.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/692233","usgsCitation":"Benson, A.J., 2017, Book review: Biology and management of invasive quagga and zebra mussels in the western United States: The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 209-210, https://doi.org/10.1086/692233.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-084644","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b0e4b044b359e48686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Amy J. 0000-0002-4517-1466 abenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-1466","contributorId":3836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Amy","email":"abenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187620,"text":"70187620 - 2017 - Geologic controls on cave development in Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:37:16","indexId":"70187620","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic controls on cave development in Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"Burnsville Cove in Bath and Highland Counties (Virginia, USA) is a karst region in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains. The region contains many caves in Silurian to Devonian limestone, and is well suited for examining geologic controls on cave location and cave passage morphology. In Burnsville Cove, many caves are located preferentially near the axes of synclines and anticlines. For example, Butler Cave is an elongate cave where the trunk channel follows the axis of Sinking Creek syncline and most of the side passages follow joints at right angles to the syncline axis. In contrast, the Water Sinks Subway Cave, Owl Cave, and Helictite Cave have abundant maze patterns, and are located near the axis of Chestnut Ridge anticline. The maze patterns may be related to fact that the anticline axis is the site of the greatest amount of flexure, leading to more joints and (or) greater enlargement of joints. Many of the larger caves of Burnsville Cove (e.g., Breathing Cave, Butler Cave–Sinking Creek Cave System, lower parts of the Water Sinks Cave System) are developed in the Silurian Tonoloway Limestone, the stratigraphic unit with the greatest surface exposure in the area. Other caves are developed in the Silurian to Devonian Keyser Limestone of the Helderberg Group (e.g., Owl Cave, upper parts of the Water Sinks Cave System) and in the Devonian Shriver Chert and (or) Licking Creek Limestone of the Helderberg Group (e.g., Helictite Cave). Within the Tonoloway Limestone, the larger caves are developed in the lower member of the Tonoloway Limestone immediately below a bed of silica-cemented sandstone. In contrast, the larger caves in the Keyser Limestone are located preferentially in limestone beds containing stromatoporoid reefs, and some of the larger caves in the Licking Creek Limestone are located in beds of cherty limestone below the Devonian Oriskany Sandstone. Geologic controls on cave passage morphology include joints, bedding planes, and folds. The influence of joints results in tall and narrow cave passages, whereas the influence of bedding planes results in cave passages with flat ceilings and (or) floors. The influence of folds is less common, but a few cave passages follow fold axes and have distinctive arched ceilings.
","largerWorkTitle":"From the Blue Ridge to the Beach: Geological Field Excursions across Virginia","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2017.0047(04)","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Haynes, J.T., Lucas, P.C., and Lambert, R.A., 2017, Geologic controls on cave development in Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, Virginia: GSA Field Guides, v. 47, p. 89-123, https://doi.org/10.1130/2017.0047(04).","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-081746","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YMM9EM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Luminescence: Butler Cave, Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, VA"},{"id":341195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Bath County, Highland County","otherGeospatial":"Burnsville Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.680556,\n 38.141667\n ],\n [\n -79.5625,\n 38.141667\n ],\n [\n -79.5625,\n 38.241667\n ],\n [\n -79.680556,\n 38.241667\n ],\n [\n -79.680556,\n 38.141667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b3e4b044b359e48690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":173033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":54842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Philip C.","contributorId":191928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, Richard A.","contributorId":191929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187645,"text":"70187645 - 2017 - Informing recovery in a human-transformed landscape: Drought-mediated coexistence alters population trends of an imperiled salamander and invasive predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T09:26:39","indexId":"70187645","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Informing recovery in a human-transformed landscape: Drought-mediated coexistence alters population trends of an imperiled salamander and invasive predators","docAbstract":"Understanding the additive or interactive threats of habitat transformation and invasive species is critical for conservation, especially where climate change is expected to increase the severity or frequency of drought. In the arid southwestern USA, this combination of stressors has caused widespread declines of native aquatic and semi-aquatic species. Achieving resilience to drought and other effects of climate change may depend upon continued management, so understanding the combined effects of stressors is important. We used Bayesian hierarchical models fitted with 10-years of pond-based monitoring surveys for the federally-endangered Sonoran Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi) and invasive predators (fishes and American Bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus) that threaten native species. We estimated trends in occupancy of salamanders and invasive predators while accounting for hydrological dynamics of ponds, then used a two-species interaction model to directly estimate how invasive predators affected salamander occupancy. We also tested a conceptual model that predicted that drought, by limiting the distribution of invasive predators, could ultimately benefit native species. Even though occupancy of invasive predators was stationary and their presence in a pond reduced the probability of salamander presence by 23%, occupancy of Sonoran Tiger Salamanders increased, annually, by 2.2%. Occupancy of salamanders and invasive predators both declined dramatically following the 5th consecutive year of drought. Salamander occupancy recovered quickly after return to non-drought conditions, while occupancy of invasive predators remained suppressed. Models that incorporated three time-lagged periods (1 to 4 years) of local moisture conditions confirmed that salamanders and invasive predators responded differently to drought, reflecting how life-history strategies shape responses to disturbances. The positive 10-year trend in salamander occupancy and their rapid recovery after drought provided partial support for the hypothesis of drought-mediated coexistence with invasive predators. These results also suggest management opportunities for conservation of the Sonoran Tiger Salamander and other imperiled organisms in human-transformed landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.004","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., Honeycutt, R.K., Sigafus, B.H., Muths, E.L., Crawford, C.L., Jones, T.R., Sorensen, J.A., Rorabaugh, J.C., and Chambert, T., 2017, Informing recovery in a human-transformed landscape: Drought-mediated coexistence alters population trends of an imperiled salamander and invasive predators: Biological Conservation, v. 209, p. 377-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.004.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-079083","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.77583312988281,\n 31.26387862248445\n ],\n [\n -110.30548095703125,\n 31.26387862248445\n ],\n [\n -110.30548095703125,\n 31.54460103811182\n ],\n [\n -110.77583312988281,\n 31.54460103811182\n ],\n [\n -110.77583312988281,\n 31.26387862248445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"209","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b0e4b044b359e48688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Honeycutt, R. Ken 0000-0002-7157-7195 rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7195","contributorId":156282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeycutt","given":"R.","email":"rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crawford, Catherine L.","contributorId":191976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Thomas R.","contributorId":167620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24784,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, Arizona 85086, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sorensen, Jeff A.","contributorId":191977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rorabaugh, James C.","contributorId":191978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rorabaugh","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chambert, Thierry 0000-0002-9450-9080 tchambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-9080","contributorId":191979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambert","given":"Thierry","email":"tchambert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70187642,"text":"70187642 - 2017 - Atmospheric deposition to forests in the eastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T09:42:09","indexId":"70187642","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric deposition to forests in the eastern USA","docAbstract":"Atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposition to forests is important because half of the land cover in the eastern USA is forest. Mercury was measured in autumn litterfall and weekly precipitation samples at a total of 27 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) monitoring sites in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests in 16 states in the eastern USA during 2007–2014. These simultaneous, uniform, repeated, annual measurements of forest Hg include the broadest area and longest time frame to date. The autumn litterfall-Hg concentrations and litterfall mass at the study sites each year were combined with annual precipitation-Hg data. Rates of litterfall-Hg deposition were higher than or equal to precipitation-Hg deposition rates in 70% of the annual data, which indicates a substantial contribution from litterfall to total atmospheric-Hg deposition. Annual litterfall-Hg deposition in this study had a median of 11.7 μg per square meter per year (μg/m2/yr) and ranged from 2.2 to 23.4 μg/m2/yr. It closely matched modeled dry-Hg deposition, based on land cover at selected NADP Hg-monitoring sites. Mean annual atmospheric-Hg deposition at forest study sites exhibited a spatial pattern partly explained by statistical differences among five forest-cover types and related to the mapped density of Hg emissions. Forest canopies apparently recorded changes in atmospheric-Hg concentrations over time because litterfall-Hg concentrations decreased year to year and litterfall-Hg concentrations were significantly higher in 2007–2009 than in 2012–2014. These findings reinforce reported decreases in Hg emissions and atmospheric elemental-Hg concentrations during this same time period. Methylmercury (MeHg) was detected in all litterfall samples at all sites, compared with MeHg detections in less than half the precipitation samples at selected sites during the study. These results indicate MeHg in litterfall is a pathway into the terrestrial food web where it can accumulate in the prey of songbirds, bats, and raptors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.004","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., DeWild, J.F., Gay, D.A., Zhang, L., Boyer, E.W., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2017, Atmospheric deposition to forests in the eastern USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 228, p. 8-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.004.","productDescription":"11 p. 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0000-0001-5437-5412","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-5412","contributorId":191971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Leiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187564,"text":"70187564 - 2017 - Use of erroneous wolf generation time in assessments of domestic dog and human evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:02:37","indexId":"70187564","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of erroneous wolf generation time in assessments of domestic dog and human evolution","docAbstract":"Scientific interest in dog domestication and parallel evolution of dogs and humans (Wang et al. 2013) has increased recently (Freedman et al. 2014, Larson and Bradley 2014, Franz et al. 2016,), and various important conclusions have been drawn based on how long ago the calculations show dogs were domesticated from ancestral wolves (Canis lupus). Calculation of this duration is based on “the most commonly assumed mutation rate of 1 x 10-8 per generation and a 3-year gray wolf generation time . . .” (Skoglund et al. 2015:3). It is unclear on what information the assumed generation time is based, but Ersmark et al. (2016) seemed to have based their assumption on a single wolf (Mech and Seal 1987). The importance of assuring that such assumptions are valid is obvious. Recently, two independent studies employing three large data sets and three methods from two widely separated areas have found that wolf generation time is 4.2-4.7 years. The first study, based on 200 wolves in Yellowstone National Park used age-specific birth and death rates to calculate a generation time of 4.16 years (vonHoldt et al. 2008). The second, using estimated first-breeding times of 86 female wolves in northeastern Minnesota found a generation time of 4.3 years and using uterine examination of 159 female wolves from throughout Minnesota yielded a generation time of 4.7 years (Mech et al. 2016). We suggest that previous studies using a 3-year generation time recalculate their figures and adjust their conclusions based on these generation times and publish revised results.
The distribution of species and communities in relation to environmental heterogeneity is a central focus in ecology. Co-occurrence of species with similar functional traits is an indication that communities are determined in part by environmental filters. However, few studies have been designed to test how functional traits are selectively filtered by environmental conditions at local scales. Exploring the relationship between soil characteristics and plant traits is a step toward understanding the filtering hypothesis in determining plant distribution at local scale. Toward this end, we mapped all individual trees (diameter >1 cm) in a one-ha subtropical forest of China in 2007 and 2015. We measured topographic and detailed soil properties within the field site, as well as plant leaf functional traits and demographic rates of the seven most common tree species. A second one-ha study plot was established in 2015, to test and validate the general patterns that were drawn from first plot. We found that variation in species distribution at local scale can be explained by soil heterogeneity and plant functional traits. (From first plot). (1) Species dominant in habitats with high soil ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus tended to have high specific leaf area (SLA) and relative growth rate (RGR). (2) Species dominant in low-fertility habitats tended to have high leaf dry matter content (LDMC), ratio of chlorophyll a and b (ratioab), and leaf thickness (LT). The hypothesis that functional traits are selected in part by environmental filters and determine plant distribution at local scale was confirmed by the data of the first plot and a second regional site showed similar species distribution patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2973","usgsCitation":"Zhang, B., Lu, X., Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D.L., Fu, Z., and Zhang, J., 2017, Similarity of plant functional traits and aggregation pattern in a subtropical forest: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 12, p. 4086-4098, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2973.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4086","endPage":"4098","ipdsId":"IP-083929","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2973","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Zhejiang Province","otherGeospatial":"Fengyang Mountain National Natural Reserve","volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b3e4b044b359e4868e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Bo","contributorId":146526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16714,"text":"Dept. of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Xiaozhen","contributorId":191967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Xiaozhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":191968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fu, Zhiyuan","contributorId":191969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Zhiyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Jinchi","contributorId":191970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jinchi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187644,"text":"70187644 - 2017 - Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T13:16:14","indexId":"70187644","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems","docAbstract":"Uneven distribution of rainfall and freshwater scarcity in populated areas in the Island of Maui, Hawaii, renders water resources management a challenge in this complex and ill-defined hydrological system. A previous study in the Galapagos Islands suggests that noble gas temperatures (NGTs) record seasonality in that fractured, rapid infiltration groundwater system rather than the commonly observed mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in sedimentary systems where infiltration is slower thus, providing information on recharge sources and potential flow paths. Here we report noble gas results from the basal aquifer, springs, and rainwater in Maui to explore the potential for noble gases in characterizing this type of complex fractured hydrologic systems. Most samples display a mass-dependent depletion pattern with respect to surface conditions consistent with previous observations both in the Galapagos Islands and Michigan rainwater. Basal aquifer and rainwater noble gas patterns are similar and suggest direct, fast recharge from precipitation to the basal aquifer. In contrast, multiple springs, representative of perched aquifers, display highly variable noble gas concentrations suggesting recharge from a variety of sources. The distinct noble gas patterns for the basal aquifer and springs suggest that basal and perched aquifers are separate entities. Maui rainwater displays high apparent NGTs, incompatible with surface conditions, pointing either to an origin at high altitudes with the presence of ice or an ice-like source of undetermined origin. Overall, noble gas signatures in Maui reflect the source of recharge rather than the expected altitude/temperature relationship commonly observed in sedimentary systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016WR020172","usgsCitation":"Niu, Y., Castro, M.C., Hall, C., Gingerich, S.B., Scholl, M.A., and Warrier, R.B., 2017, Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 5, p. 3599-3614, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020172.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3599","endPage":"3614","ipdsId":"IP-084259","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": 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Clara","contributorId":191973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Chris M.","contributorId":191974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Chris M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warrier, Rohit B.","contributorId":191975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warrier","given":"Rohit","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187664,"text":"70187664 - 2017 - Estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T15:52:43","indexId":"70187664","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations","docAbstract":"Estimating thermal performance of organisms is critical for understanding population distributions and dynamics and predicting responses to climate change. Typically, performance curves are estimated using laboratory studies to isolate temperature effects, but other abiotic and biotic factors influence temperature-performance relationships in nature reducing these models' predictive ability. We present a model for estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations that includes environmental and individual variation. We fit the model in a Bayesian framework using MCMC sampling, which allowed for estimation of unobserved latent growth while propagating uncertainty. Fitting the model to simulated data varying in sampling design and parameter values demonstrated that the parameter estimates were accurate, precise, and unbiased. Fitting the model to individual growth data from wild trout revealed high out-of-sample predictive ability relative to laboratory-derived models, which produced more biased predictions for field performance. The field-based estimates of thermal maxima were lower than those based on laboratory studies. Under warming temperature scenarios, field-derived performance models predicted stronger declines in body size than laboratory-derived models, suggesting that laboratory-based models may underestimate climate change effects. The presented model estimates true, realized field performance, avoiding assumptions required for applying laboratory-based models to field performance, which should improve estimates of performance under climate change and advance thermal ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1801","usgsCitation":"Childress, E., and Letcher, B.H., 2017, Estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations: Ecology, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1377-1387, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1801.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1377","endPage":"1387","ipdsId":"IP-082628","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9afe4b044b359e48684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, Evan 0000-0001-8632-3078 echildress@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-3078","contributorId":191994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"Evan","email":"echildress@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":149617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186810,"text":"sir20175018 - 2017 - Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T10:56:21","indexId":"sir20175018","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5018","title":"Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air","docAbstract":"Results from 1,041 groundwater samples collected during 1986‒2015 from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, associated with 25 or more groundwater samples with concentrations of radon-222, were evaluated in an effort to identify variations in radon-222 activities or concentrations and to classify potential radon-222 exposure from groundwater and indoor air. Radon-222 is hereafter referred to as “radon.” Radon concentrations in groundwater greater than or equal to the proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for public-water supply systems of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) were present in about 87 percent of the water samples, whereas concentrations greater than or equal to the proposed alternative MCL (AMCL) for public water-supply systems of 4,000 pCi/L were present in 14 percent. The highest radon concentrations were measured in groundwater from the schists, gneisses, and quartzites of the Piedmont Physiographic Province.
In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, groundwater samples were aggregated among 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania to identify units with high median radon concentrations in groundwater. Graphical plots and statistical tests were used to determine variations in radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air. Median radon concentrations in groundwater samples and median radon concentrations in indoor air samples within the 16 geologic units were classified according to proposed and recommended regulatory limits to explore potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air. All of the geologic units, except for the Allegheny (Pa) and Glenshaw (Pcg) Formations in the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province, had median radon concentrations greater than the proposed EPA MCL of 300 pCi/L, and the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc), which is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, had a median radon concentration greater than the EPA proposed AMCL of 4,000 pCi/L. Median concentrations of radon in groundwater and indoor air were determined to differ significantly among the geologic units (Kruskal-Wallis test, significance probability, p<0.001), and Tukey’s test indicated that radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air in the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc) were significantly higher than those in the other units. Also, the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc) was determined to be the area with highest potential of radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air and one of two units with the highest percentage of population assumed to be using domestic self-supplied water (81 percent), which puts the population at greater potential of exposure to radon from groundwater.
Potential radon exposure determined from classification of geologic units by median radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air according to proposed and recommended regulatory limits is useful for drawing general conclusions about the presence, variation, and potential radon exposure in specific geologic units, but the associated data and maps have limitations. The aggregated indoor air radon data have spatial accuracy limitations owing to imprecision of geocoded test locations. In addition, the associated data describing geologic units and the public water supplier’s service areas have spatial and interpretation accuracy limitations. As a result, data and maps associated with this report are not recommended for use in predicting individual concentrations at specific sites nor for use as a decision-making tool for property owners to decide whether to test for radon concentrations at specific locations. Instead, the data and maps are meant to promote awareness regarding potential radon exposure in Pennsylvania and to point out data gaps that exist throughout the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Gross, E.L., 2017, Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5018, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175018.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081317","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":340851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Prairie reconstructions are a critical component of preservation of the imperiled tallgrass prairie ecosystem in the Midwestern United States. Sustainability of this endeavor depends on establishment of persistent cover of planted native species and resistance to noxious weeds. The goal of this study was to understand the influence of early reconstruction practices on long-term outcomes. Twelve replicates of three planting methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast, and growing-season drill) and three seed mix richness levels (10, 20, or 34 species), fully crossed in a completely randomized design were planted in 2005 on nine former agricultural fields located in Iowa and Minnesota. Cover by species was estimated in 2005–2007, 2010, and 2015. In 2015, cover of planted species, native nonplanted species, and exotic species were similar to those recorded in 2010. Cover of the noxious weed Cirsium arvense had also declined by an average of 49% without herbicide from a peak in 2007 to low stable levels from 2010 to 2015. Richness of planted forbs, on the other hand, were still increasing in high-richness broadcast treatments (e.g. 17–59% increase 2010–1015 in Minnesota). Two results in 2015 are reasons for concern: cover of planted species is only slightly over 50% in both Minnesota and Iowa, though with forbs still increasing, this may improve; and the cool-season exotic grasses Poa pratensis and Bromus inermis are increasing at both Minnesota and Iowa sites. Control of these invasive grasses will be necessary, but care will be needed to avoid negative impacts of control methods on natives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12521","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Bright, J.B., Drobney, P., Larson, J.L., and Vacek, S., 2017, Persistence of native and exotic plants 10 years after prairie reconstruction: Restoration Ecology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 953-961, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12521.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"961","ipdsId":"IP-079026","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70C4SZ0","text":"Persistence of native and exotic plants ten years after prairie reconstruction data set"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154631e4b01a342e6912d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, J. B.","contributorId":178443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drobney, Pauline","contributorId":178447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobney","given":"Pauline","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Jennifer L.","contributorId":178444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vacek, Sara","contributorId":178445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacek","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187640,"text":"70187640 - 2017 - Causal mechanisms of soil organic matter decomposition: Deconstructing salinity and flooding impacts in coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T08:28:05","indexId":"70187640","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causal mechanisms of soil organic matter decomposition: Deconstructing salinity and flooding impacts in coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands significantly contribute to global carbon storage potential. Sea-level rise and other climate change-induced disturbances threaten coastal wetland sustainability and carbon storage capacity. It is critical that we understand the mechanisms controlling wetland carbon loss so that we can predict and manage these resources in anticipation of climate change. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms that control soil organic matter decomposition, in particular the impacts of elevated salinity, are limited, and literature reports are contradictory. In an attempt to improve our understanding of these complex processes, we measured root and rhizome decomposition and developed a causal model to identify and quantify the mechanisms that influence soil organic matter decomposition in coastal wetlands that are impacted by sea-level rise. We identified three causal pathways: 1) a direct pathway representing the effects of flooding on soil moisture, 2) a direct pathway representing the effects of salinity on decomposer microbial communities and soil biogeochemistry, and 3) an indirect pathway representing the effects of salinity on litter quality through changes in plant community composition over time. We used this model to test the effects of alternate scenarios on the response of tidal freshwater forested wetlands and oligohaline marshes to short- and long-term climate-induced disturbances of flooding and salinity. In tidal freshwater forested wetlands, the model predicted less decomposition in response to drought, hurricane salinity pulsing, and long-term sea-level rise. In contrast, in the oligohaline marsh, the model predicted no change in response to sea-level rise, and increased decomposition following a drought or a hurricane salinity pulse. Our results show that it is critical to consider the temporal scale of disturbance and the magnitude of exposure when assessing the effects of salinity intrusion on carbon mineralization in coastal wetlands. Here we identify three causal mechanisms that can reconcile disparities between long-term and short-term salinity impacts on organic matter decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1890","usgsCitation":"Stagg, C.L., Schoolmaster, D., Krauss, K.W., Cormier, N., and Conner, W.H., 2017, Causal mechanisms of soil organic matter decomposition: Deconstructing salinity and flooding impacts in coastal wetlands: Ecology, v. 98, no. 8, p. 2003-2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1890.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2003","endPage":"2018","ipdsId":"IP-080130","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154630e4b01a342e6912d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":156350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187611,"text":"70187611 - 2017 - Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:21:27","indexId":"70187611","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions","docAbstract":"Studies using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry rarely result in 100% fix success rates (FSR), which may bias datasets because data loss is systematic rather than a random process. Previous spatially explicit models developed to correct for sampling bias have been limited to small study areas, a small range of data loss, or were study-area specific. We modeled environmental effects on FSR from desert to alpine biomes, investigated the full range of potential data loss (0–100% FSR), and evaluated whether animal body position can contribute to lower FSR because of changes in antenna orientation based on GPS detection rates for 4 focal species: cougars (Puma concolor), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Terrain exposure and height of over story vegetation were the most influential factors affecting FSR. Model evaluation showed a strong correlation (0.88) between observed and predicted FSR and no significant differences between predicted and observed FSRs using 2 independent validation datasets. We found that cougars and canyon-dwelling bighorn sheep may select for environmental features that influence their detectability by GPS technology, mule deer may select against these features, and elk appear to be nonselective. We observed temporal patterns in missed fixes only for cougars. We provide a model for cougars, predicting fix success by time of day that is likely due to circadian changes in collar orientation and selection of daybed sites. We also provide a model predicting the probability of GPS fix acquisitions given environmental conditions, which had a strong relationship (r 2 = 0.82) with deployed collar FSRs across species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.758","usgsCitation":"Ironside, K.E., Mattson, D.J., Choate, D., Stoner, D., Arundel, T.R., Hansen, J.R., Theimer, T., Holton, B., Jansen, B., Sexton, J.O., Longshore, K.M., Edwards, T.C., and Peters, M., 2017, Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 2, p. 329-341, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.758.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"341","ipdsId":"IP-055599","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/5007fd72bf21419c89d80ab4052700e0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1PT2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Variable Terrestrial GPS Telemetry Detection Rates: Parts 1 - 7Data"},{"id":341101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154632e4b01a342e6912da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten E. 0000-0003-1166-3793 kironside@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3793","contributorId":3379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","email":"kironside@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, David","contributorId":172339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choate","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoner, David","contributorId":191912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, Jered R.","contributorId":191913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jered","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Theimer, Tad","contributorId":191914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theimer","given":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holton, Brandon","contributorId":191915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holton","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jansen, Brian","contributorId":191917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jansen","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sexton, Joseph O.","contributorId":191918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen M. 0000-0001-6621-1271 longshore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":2677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"longshore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Peters, Michael","contributorId":191919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70187639,"text":"70187639 - 2017 - Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:04:07","indexId":"70187639","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system","docAbstract":"Soil drainage is a widely used agricultural practice in the midwest USA to remove excess soil water to potentially improve the crop yield. Research shows an increasing trend in baseflow and streamflow in the midwest over the last 60 years, which may be related to artificial drainage. Subsurface drainage (i.e., tile) in particular may have strongly contributed to the increase in these flows, because of its extensive use and recent gain in the popularity as a yield-enhancement practice. However, how evapotranspiration (ET) is impacted by tile drainage on a regional level is not well-documented. To explore spatial and temporal ET patterns and their relationship to tile drainage, we applied an energy balance-based multisensor data fusion method to estimate daily 30-m ET over an intensively tile-drained area in South Dakota, USA, from 2005 to 2013. Results suggest that tile drainage slightly decreases the annual cumulative ET, particularly during the early growing season. However, higher mid-season crop water use suppresses the extent of the decrease of the annual cumulative ET that might be anticipated from widespread drainage. The regional water balance analysis during the growing season demonstrates good closure, with the average residual from 2005 to 2012 as low as -3 mm. As an independent check of the simulated ET at the regional scale, the water balance analysis lends additional confidence to the study. The results of this study improve our understanding of the influence of agricultural drainage practices on regional ET, and can affect future decision making regarding tile drainage systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2680411","usgsCitation":"Yang, Y., Anderson, M.C., Gao, F., Hain, C., Kustas, W.P., Meyers, T.P., Crow, W., Finocchiaro, R.G., Otkin, J., Sun, L., and Yang, Y., 2017, Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 10, no. 6, p. 2250-2564, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2680411.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2250","endPage":"2564","ipdsId":"IP-079712","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/470bf08e5c7a445296ba2463f1e54c42","text":"External Repository"},{"id":341160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154631e4b01a342e6912d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Yun","contributorId":191965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, Feng 0000-0002-1865-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-2846","contributorId":70671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hain, Christopher","contributorId":191966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hain","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyers, Tilden P.","contributorId":146138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Tilden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16598,"text":"NOAA/ATDD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond G. rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":3673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Crow, Wade","contributorId":94563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Otkin, Jason","contributorId":106176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otkin","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sun, Liang","contributorId":119410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yang, Yang","contributorId":85292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70187617,"text":"70187617 - 2017 - Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:22:36","indexId":"70187617","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle Group (Arbuckle) is a basal sedimentary unit that is the primary target for saltwater disposal in Oklahoma. Thus, the reservoir characteristics of the Arbuckle, including how the poroelastic properties change laterally and over time are of significant interest. We report observations of fluid level changes in two monitoring wells in response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and the 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes. We investigate the relationship between static strain resulting from these events and the fluid level changes observed in the wells. We model the fluid level response by estimating static strains from a set of earthquake source parameters and spatiotemporal poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle in the neighborhood of the monitoring wells. Results suggest that both the direction of the observed fluid level step and the amplitude can be predicted from the computed volumetric strain change and a reasonable set of poroelastic parameters. Modeling results indicate that poroelastic parameters differ at the time of the Pawnee and Cushing earthquakes, with a moderately higher Skempton’s coefficient required to fit the response to the Cushing earthquake. This may indicate that dynamic shaking resulted in physical alteration of the Arbuckle at distances up to ∼50 km from the Pawnee earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160228","usgsCitation":"Kroll, K.A., Cochran, E.S., and Murray, K., 2017, Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, no. 4, p. 963-970, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160228.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"970","ipdsId":"IP-082784","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Cushing, Pawnee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 35.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154632e4b01a342e6912d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroll, Kayla A.","contributorId":146335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroll","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6984,"text":"UC Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Kyle E.","contributorId":31825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}