{"pageNumber":"989","pageRowStart":"24700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40811,"records":[{"id":70030665,"text":"70030665 - 2006 - Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:06:14","indexId":"70030665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","docAbstract":"Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past tsunami runup. PTHA is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), with the main difference being that PTHA must account for far-field sources. The computational methods rely on numerical tsunami propagation models rather than empirical attenuation relationships as in PSHA in determining ground motions. Because a number of source parameters affect local tsunami runup height, PTHA can become complex and computationally intensive. Empirical analysis can function in one of two ways, depending on the length and completeness of the tsunami catalog. For site-specific studies where there is sufficient tsunami runup data available, hazard curves can primarily be derived from empirical analysis, with computational methods used to highlight deficiencies in the tsunami catalog. For region-wide analyses and sites where there are little to no tsunami data, a computationally based method such as Monte Carlo simulation is the primary method to establish tsunami hazards. Two case studies that describe how computational and empirical methods can be integrated are presented for Acapulco, Mexico (site-specific) and the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastline (region-wide analysis).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2006, Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards: Natural Hazards, v. 37, no. 3, p. 277-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z"},{"id":239252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7be4b0c8380cd7e6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030600,"text":"70030600 - 2006 - An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030600","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","docAbstract":"At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater flow with critical taper theory to quantify the effects of sediment and de??collement permeability, sediment thickness, sediment partitioning between accretion and underthrusting, and plate convergence rate on steady state pore pressure. Our results show that pore pressure in accretionary wedges can be viewed as a dynamically maintained response to factors which drive pore pressure (source terms) and those that limit flow (permeability and drainage path length). We find that sediment permeability and incoming sediment thickness are the most important factors, whereas fault permeability and the partitioning of sediment have a small effect. For our base case model scenario, as sediment permeability is increased, pore pressure decreases from near-lithostatic to hydrostatic values and allows stable taper angles to increase from ??? 2.5?? to 8??-12.5??. With increased sediment thickness in our models (from 100 to 8000 m), increased pore pressure drives a decrease in stable taper angle from 8.4??-12.5?? to <2.5-5??. In general, low-permeability and thick incoming sediment sustain high pore pressures consistent with shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high-permeability and thin incoming sediment should result in steep geometry. Our model results compare favorably with available data from active accretionary complexes. Active margins characterized by a significant proportion of fine-grained sediment within the incoming section, such as northern Antilles and eastern Nankai, exhibit thin taper angles, whereas those characterized by a higher proportion of sandy turbidites, such as Cascadia, Chile, and Mexico, have steep taper angles. Observations from active margins also indicate a strong trend of decreasing taper angle (from >15?? to <4??) with increased sediment thickness (from <1 to 7 km). One key implication is that hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a wide range of geologic settings. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003990","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2006, An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477417,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990"},{"id":239351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4be4b0c8380cd4876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031055,"text":"70031055 - 2006 - Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T10:07:35","indexId":"70031055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","docAbstract":"

Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the volcano and dense intrusions, and crustal thinning due to tectonic extension (Dzurisin et al., 1991 [Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, J.R., Walter, S.R., 1991. Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16, 319-16, 333.]; Dzurisin et al., 2002 [Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Bürgmann, R., 2002. Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2372, doi:10.1029/2001JB000893.]). InSAR data that approximate vertical displacements are similar to the leveling results; however, vertical deformation data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between source mechanisms. Horizontal displacements from GPS were collected in the Mt. Shasta/MLV region in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2004. These results suggest that the region is part of the western Oregon block that is rotating about an Euler pole in eastern Oregon. With this rotation removed, most sites in the network have negligible velocities except for those near MLV caldera. There, measured horizontal velocities are less than predicted from ∼10 km deep point and dislocation sources of volume loss based on the leveling data; therefore volumetric losses simulated by these sources are probably not causing the observed subsidence at MLV. This result demonstrates that elastic models of subsurface volume change can provide misleading results where additional geophysical and geological constraints are unavailable, or if only vertical deformation is known. The deformation source must be capable of causing broad vertical deformation with comparatively smaller horizontal displacements. Thermoelastic contraction of a column of hot rock beneath the volcano cannot reproduce the observed ratio of vertical to horizontal surface displacements. Models that determine deformation due to loading by the volcano and dense intrusions can be made to fit the pattern of vertical displacements by assuming a weak upper crust beneath MLV, though the subsidence rates due to surface loading must be lower than the observed displacements. Tectonic extension is almost certainly occurring based on fault orientations and focal mechanisms, but does not appear to be a major contributor to the observed deformation. We favor a model that includes a combination of sources, including extension and loading of a hot weak crust with thermal contraction of a cooling mass of rock beneath MLV, which are processes that are probably occurring at MLV. Future microgravity surveys and the planned deployment of an array of continuous GPS stations as part of a Plate Boundary Observatory volcano cluster will help to refine this model.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.007","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Burgmann, R., Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Masterlark, T., Owen, S., and Fink, J., 2006, Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, no. 1-3, p. 55-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.007.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 41.265420628926684\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -121.12152099609375,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -121.12152099609375,\n 41.265420628926684\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 41.265420628926684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0fe4b0c8380cd4d8f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":95128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, Susan","contributorId":29004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fink, Jonathan","contributorId":58456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031046,"text":"70031046 - 2006 - Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031046","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee","docAbstract":"Mean contents of trace elements and ash in channel, bench-column, and dump samples of the abandoned Bon Air coal (Lower Pennsylvanian) in Franklin County, Tennessee are similar to Appalachian COALQUAL mean values, but are slightly lower for As, Fe, Hg, Mn, Na, Th, and U, and slightly higher for ash, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, REEs, Sr, and V, at the 95% confidence level. Compared to channel samples, dump sample means are slightly lower in chalcophile elements (As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, and V) and slightly higher in clay or heavy-mineral elements (Al, K, Mn, REEs, Th, Ti, U, and Y), but at the 95% confidence level, only As and Fe are different. Consistent abundances of clay or heavy-mineral elements in low-Br, high-S, high-ash benches that are relatively enriched in quartz and mire-to-levee species like Paralycopodites suggest trace elements are largely fluvial in origin. Factor analysis loadings and correlation coefficients between elements suggest that clays host most Al, Cr, K, Ti, and Th, significant Mn and V, and some Sc, U, Ba, and Ni. Heavy accessory minerals likely house most REEs and Y, lesser Sc, U, and Th, and minor Cr, Ni, and Ti. Pyrite appears to host As, some V and Ni, and perhaps some Cu, but Cu probably exists largely as chalcopyrite. Data suggest that organic debris houses most Be and some Ni and U, and that Pb and Sb occur as Pb-Sb sulfosalt(s) within organic matrix. Most Hg, and some Mn and Y, appear to be hosted by calcite, suggesting potential Hg remobilization from original pyrite, and Hg sorption by calcite, which may be important processes in abandoned coals. Most Co, Zn, Mo, and Cd, significant V and Ni, and some Mn probably occur in non-pyritic sulfides; Ba, Sr, and P are largely in crandallite-group phosphates. Selenium does not show organic or \"clausthalite\" affinities, but Se occurrence is otherwise unclear. Barium, Mn, Ni, Sc, U, and V, with strongly divided statistical affinities, likely occur subequally in multiple modes. For study area surface waters, highest levels of most trace elements occur in mine-adit or mine-dump drainage. Effluent flow rates strongly affect both acidity and trace element levels. Adit drainages where flow is only a trickle have the most acidic waters (pH 3.78-4.80) and highest trace element levels (up to two orders of magnitude higher than in non-mine site waters). Nonetheless, nearly all surface waters have low absolute concentrations of trace elements of environmental concern, and all waters sampled meet U.S. EPA primary drinking water standards and aquatic life criteria for all elements analyzed. Secondary drinking water standards are also met for all parameters except Al, pH, Fe, and Mn, but even in extreme cases (mine waters with pH as low as 3.78 and up to 1243 ppb Al, 6280 ppb Fe, and 721 ppb Mn, and non-mine dam-outflow waters with up to 18,400 ppb Fe and 1540 ppb Mn) downslope attenuation is apparently rapid, as down-drainage plateau-base streams show background levels for all these parameters. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Shaver, S., Hower, J., Eble, C., McLamb, E., and Kuers, K., 2006, Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 47-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005.","startPage":"47","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63be4b08c986b326b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaver, S.A.","contributorId":34719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaver","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLamb, E.D.","contributorId":94093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLamb","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuers, K.","contributorId":70183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030602,"text":"70030602 - 2006 - Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030602","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","docAbstract":"Foraminiferal and radionuclide data have been used to investigate environmental change that has occurred within Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the last century. Environmental conditions were evaluated for three time slices; (1) the modern environment as determined by surficial (0-1 cm) sediments, (2) short-core intervals representing approximately 40 years BP, as determined by 137Cs activity, and (3) short-core intervals representing approximately 120 years BP, as determined by 210Pb activity. Cluster analysis distinguished four foraminiferal assemblages at the surface (0-1 cm): (1) Marsh Biofacies, (2) Estuarine Biofacies A, (3) Estuarine Biofacies B, and (4) Marine Biofacies. The Marsh Biofacies is characterized by typical marsh foraminifera such as Tiphotrocha comprimata, Trochammina inflata, Miliammina fusca and Haplophragmoides wilberti. Estuarine Biofacies A is distinguished from Estuarine Biofacies B by the greater relative abundance of the agglutinated species Ammotium salsum and Ammobaculites crassus in the former and the greater relative abundance of Elphidium excavatum in the latter. The Marine Biofacies is comprised completely of calcareous foraminifera (e.g., Elphidium excavatum, Hanzawaia strattoni, Cibicides lobatulus, Elphidium subarcticum, Quinqueloculina seminula and Elphidium galvestonense) and is restricted to tidal inlets. Down-core foraminiferal data indicate that approximately 120 years BP, Pamlico Sound was dominated by Estuarine Biofacies A, which is indicative of brackish conditions. Upcore in the 40 years BP and modern time slices, Estuarine Biofacies B is the more prominent assemblage within Pamlico Sound; this is indicative of increased salinity over time. Lowered salinity conditions 120 years BP may be the result of high hurricane activity over a several year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/36.2.135","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Abbene, I., Culver, S., Corbett, D., Buzas, M., and Tully, L., 2006, Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.579.1399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02d1e4b0c8380cd501f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbene, I.J.","contributorId":44349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbene","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culver, S.J.","contributorId":53970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbett, D.R.","contributorId":73791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzas, M.A.","contributorId":58018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tully, L.S.","contributorId":107494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tully","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031031,"text":"70031031 - 2006 - Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031031","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation","docAbstract":"Quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge is usually a prerequisite for effective ground water flow modeling. In this study, an analytic element (AE) code (GFLOW) was used with a nonlinear parameter estimation code (UCODE) to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge using measured base flows as calibration targets. The ease and flexibility of AE model construction and evaluation make this approach well suited for recharge estimation. An AE flow model of an undeveloped watershed in northern Wisconsin was optimized to match median annual base flows at four stream gages for 1996 to 2000 to demonstrate the approach. Initial optimizations that assumed a constant distributed recharge rate provided good matches (within 5%) to most of the annual base flow estimates, but discrepancies of >12% at certain gages suggested that a single value of recharge for the entire watershed is inappropriate. Subsequent optimizations that allowed for spatially distributed recharge zones based on the distribution of vegetation types improved the fit and confirmed that vegetation can influence spatial recharge variability in this watershed. Temporally, the annual recharge values varied >2.5-fold between 1996 and 2000 during which there was an observed 1.7-fold difference in annual precipitation, underscoring the influence of nonclimatic factors on interannual recharge variability for regional flow modeling. The final recharge values compared favorably with more labor-intensive field measurements of recharge and results from studies, supporting the utility of using linked AE-parameter estimation codes for recharge estimation. Copyright ?? 2005 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Dripps, W.R., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2006, Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 1, p. 47-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x"},{"id":238677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3de4b0c8380cd5262f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dripps, W. R.","contributorId":27978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dripps","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Marilyn P.","contributorId":102970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030977,"text":"70030977 - 2006 - Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:57:38","indexId":"70030977","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","docAbstract":"

The 10-km-wide caldera of the historically active Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, subsides ∼13 mm/yr, based on data from 19 European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1 and ERS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images from 1992 through 2002. The pattern of subsidence does not reflect the distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the last eruption in 1931 and therefore is not related to compaction of fragmental debris. Weighted least-squares inversion of the deformation maps indicates a relatively constant subsidence rate. Modeling the deformation with a Mogi point source locates the source of subsidence at ∼4 km below the central caldera floor, which is consistent with the inferred depth of magma storage before the 1931 eruption. Magmatic CO2 and He have been measured at a warm soda spring within the caldera, and several sub-boiling fumaroles persist elsewhere in the caldera. These observations suggest that recent subsidence can be explained by the cooling or degassing of a shallow magma body (∼4 km deep), and/or the reduction of the pore-fluid pressure of a cooling hydrothermal system. Ongoing deformation of the volcano detected by InSAR, in combination with magmatic gas output from at least one warm spring, and infrequent low-level bursts of seismicity below the caldera, indicate that the volcanic system is still active and requires close attention for the timely detection of possible hazards.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22015.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kwoun, O., Lu, Z., Neal, C.A., and Wicks, C., 2006, Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR: Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 5-8, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22015.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g22015.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.0765380859375,\n 56.32567522544464\n ],\n [\n -159.0765380859375,\n 57.25528054528889\n ],\n [\n -156.9891357421875,\n 57.25528054528889\n ],\n [\n -156.9891357421875,\n 56.32567522544464\n ],\n [\n -159.0765380859375,\n 56.32567522544464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9317e4b0c8380cd80be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030771,"text":"70030771 - 2006 - Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic, and tracer data from a fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T16:15:38","indexId":"70030771","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic, and tracer data from a fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"

An integrated interpretation of field experimental cross-hole radar, tracer, and hydraulic data demonstrates the value of combining time-lapse geophysical monitoring with conventional hydrologic measurements for improved characterization of a fractured-rock aquifer. Time-lapse difference-attenuation radar tomography was conducted during saline tracer experiments at the US Geological Survey Fractured Rock Hydrology Research Site near Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA. The presence of electrically conductive saline tracer effectively illuminates permeable fractures or pathways for geophysical imaging. The geophysical results guide the construction of three-dimensional numerical models of ground-water flow and solute transport. In an effort to explore alternative explanations for the tracer and tomographic data, a suite of conceptual models involving heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields and rate-limited mass transfer are considered. Calibration data include tracer concentrations, the arrival time of peak concentration at the outlet, and steady-state hydraulic head. Results from the coupled inversion procedure suggest that much of the tracer mass migrated outside the three tomographic image planes, and that solute is likely transported by two pathways through the system. This work provides basic and site-specific insights into the control of permeability heterogeneity on ground-water flow and solute transport in fractured rock.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Lane, J., and Gorelick, S., 2006, Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic, and tracer data from a fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 1-2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United State","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.7403793334961,\n 43.90593203475757\n ],\n [\n -71.6609001159668,\n 43.90593203475757\n ],\n [\n -71.6609001159668,\n 43.97243386280852\n ],\n [\n -71.7403793334961,\n 43.97243386280852\n ],\n [\n -71.7403793334961,\n 43.90593203475757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7d9e4b0c8380cd4cd20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030767,"text":"70030767 - 2006 - Submarine landslides in the Santa Barbara Channel as potential tsunami sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:43:24","indexId":"70030767","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslides in the Santa Barbara Channel as potential tsunami sources","docAbstract":"Recent investigations using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institutes (MBARI) Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) \"Ventana\" and \"Tiburon\" and interpretation of MBARI's EM 300 30 kHz multibeam bathymetric data show that the northern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin has experienced massive slope failures. Of particular concern is the large (130 km2) Goleta landslide complex located off Coal Oil Point near the town of Goleta, that measures 14.6-km long extending from a depth of 90 m to nearly 574 m deep and is 10.5 km wide. We estimate that approximately 1.75 km3 has been displaced by this slide during the Holocene. This feature is a complex compound submarine landslide that contains both surfical slump blocks and mud flows in three distinct segments. Each segment is composed of a distinct head scarp, down-dropped head block and a slide debris lobe. The debris lobes exhibit hummocky topography in the central areas that appear to result from compression during down slope movement. The toes of the western and eastern lobes are well defined in the multibeam image, whereas the toe of the central lobe is less distinct. Continuous seismic reflection profiles show that many buried slide debris lobes exist and comparison of the deformed reflectors with ODP Drill Site 149, Hole 893 suggest that at least 200 000 years of failure have occurred in the area (Fisher et al., 2005a). Based on our interpretation of the multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles we modeled the potential tsunami that may have been produced from one of the three surfical lobes of the Goleta slide. This model shows that a 10 m high wave could have run ashore along the cliffs of the Goleta shoreline. Several other smaller (2 km2 and 4 km2) slides are located on the northern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin, both to the west and east of Goleta slide and on the Concepcion fan along the western flank of the basin. One slide, named the Gaviota slide, is 3.8 km2, 2.6 km long and 1.7 km wide. A distinct narrow scar extends from near the eastern head wall of this slide for over 2 km eastward toward the Goleta slide and may represent either an incipient failure or a remnant of a previous failure. Push cores collected within the main head scar of this slide consisted of hydrogen sulfide bearing mud, possibly suggesting active fluid seepage and a vibra-core penetrated ???50 cm of recent sediment overlying colluvium or landslide debris confirming the age of ???300 years as proposed by Lee et al. (2004). However, no seeps or indications of recent movement were observed during our ROV investigation within this narrow head scar indicating that seafloor in the scar is draped with mud. ?? 2006 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-6-63-2006","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., Murai, L., Watts, P., Maher, N., Fisher, M.A., Paull, C., and Eichhubl, P., 2006, Submarine landslides in the Santa Barbara Channel as potential tsunami sources: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 6, no. 1, p. 63-88, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-63-2006.","startPage":"63","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-63-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267918,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-63-2006"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d2be4b08c986b31d6a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murai, L.Y.","contributorId":26133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murai","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maher, N.A.","contributorId":29207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paull, C.E.","contributorId":95263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paull","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eichhubl, P.","contributorId":9060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichhubl","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031001,"text":"70031001 - 2006 - Regional and local species richness in an insular environment: Serpentine plants in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T06:30:18","indexId":"70031001","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional and local species richness in an insular environment: Serpentine plants in California","docAbstract":"We asked how the richness of the specialized (endemic) flora of serpentine rock outcrops in California varies at both the regional and local scales. Our study had two goals: first, to test whether endemic richness is affected by spatial habitat structure (e.g., regional serpentine area, local serpentine outcrop area, regional and local measures of outcrop isolation), and second, to conduct this test in the context of a broader assessment of environmental influences (e.g., climate, soils, vegetation, disturbance) and historical influences (e.g., geologic age, geographic province) on local and regional species richness. We measured endemic and total richness and environmental variables in 109 serpentine sites (1000-m2 paired plots) in 78 serpentine-containing regions of the state. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to simultaneously relate regional richness to regionalscale predictors, and local richness to both local-scale and regional-scale predictors. Our model for serpentine endemics explained 66% of the variation in local endemic richness based on local environment (vegetation, soils, rock cover) and on regional endemic richness. It explained 73% of the variation in regional endemic richness based on regional environment (climate and productivity), historical factors (geologic age and geographic province), and spatial structure (regional total area of serpentine, the only significant spatial variable in our analysis). We did not find a strong influence of spatial structure on species richness. However, we were able to distinguish local vs. regional influences on species richness to a novel extent, despite the existence of correlations between local and regional conditions. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/05-0910","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Harrison, S., Safford, H., Grace, J., Viers, J., and Davies, K., 2006, Regional and local species richness in an insular environment: Serpentine plants in California: Ecological Monographs, v. 76, no. 1, p. 41-56, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0910.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 33.4955977448657\n ],\n [\n -118.46557617187499,\n 33.31675830290707\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 33.27543541298162\n ],\n [\n -118.2843017578125,\n 33.422272258866045\n ],\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 33.4955977448657\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 33.348884792201694\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 34.67839374011646\n ],\n [\n -118.44909667968749,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -117.9217529296875,\n 35.86679541749027\n ],\n [\n -117.88879394531249,\n 36.52288052805137\n ],\n [\n -118.77868652343751,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -119.278564453125,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 39.27478966170308\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 40.20824570152502\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 40.204050425113294\n ],\n [\n -121.343994140625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 39.39799959542146\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -119.00939941406249,\n 37.496652341233364\n ],\n [\n -118.267822265625,\n 36.266421331439375\n ],\n [\n -118.5809326171875,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -119.4049072265625,\n 34.93548199355901\n ],\n [\n -119.34997558593749,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 34.67839374011646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4a3e4b0e8fec6cdbbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":76129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, H.D.","contributorId":22293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Viers, J.H.","contributorId":46305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viers","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, K.F.","contributorId":72586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176688,"text":"70176688 - 2006 - Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:15:02","indexId":"70176688","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NER/NRR--2006/005","title":"Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region","docAbstract":"

The status of grassland birds has become an increasingly important conservation issue. These species exhibit the most consistent population declines of any group of North American birds during the past 40 years. Anecdotal evidence suggests these declines have been occurring for nearly a century (Peterjohn and Sauer 1999). While the widespread conversion of grasslands into other habitats contributed to these declining populations, other factors such as habitat fragmentation and mowing regimes are also implicated (Vickery et al. 1999a). This plight of grassland birds has heightened awareness of the need for concerted conservation actions to reverse these seriously declining population trends.

The National Park Service (NPS) is positioned to potentially contribute to grassland bird conservation in the Mid-Atlantic Region. The NPS maintains a number of historic sites and former battlefields that are managed for their cultural significance but also support wildlife populations. Many of these “cultural parks” maintain open landscapes to recreate land use patterns that existed at the times of the historical events. These open landscapes are primarily managed grasslands which could be maintained to benefit grassland birds.

In 2005, the NPS initiated a project exploring the potential of “cultural parks” to support significant breeding grassland bird communities. This project involved parks within three NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program (I&M) networks, Mid-Atlantic, National Capital, and Eastern Rivers and Mountains. Five parks were selected for the initial focus of this study, all of which maintain open landscapes for interpretation of historic events. Most parks were selected because they represent the most extensive grassland habitats within their networks, with the rationale that if these parks cannot support significant breeding grassland bird communities, then parks with smaller acreages cannot support these communities either. The five parks included in this study are: Antietam National Battlefield, Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Gettysburg National Battlefield, Manassas National Battlefield, and Monocacy National Battlefield.

This conceptual ecological model is one product of this project. The information presented below allows NPS Network Coordinators to understand the factors to consider when making decisions concerning grassland management within their networks. This model provides park Resource Managers with information on grassland ecology in the Mid-Atlantic Region, the ecological requirements of grassland birds likely to occur in their parks, and management issues that influence whether significant breeding populations can be expected to occupy grasslands created and maintained in the parks. The Resource Managers can then make informed decisions concerning their ability to create and maintain grassland habitats.

The emphasis of this conceptual model is restricted to management of breeding grassland birds. Additional species may occur in this region during migration and winter, while habitat requirements of all grassland birds during nonbreeding seasons will differ from those described for the breeding season.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B.G., 2006, Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Natural Resource Report NPS/NER/NRR--2006/005, vii, 43 p.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/152719","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed5314e4b090825011d517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":649845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030752,"text":"70030752 - 2006 - Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:25:13","indexId":"70030752","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm","docAbstract":"

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery documents the consistent subsidence, during the interval 1992–1999, of a pyroclastic flow deposit (PFD) emplaced during the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. We construct finite element models (FEMs) that simulate thermoelastic contraction of the PFD to account for the observed subsidence. Three-dimensional problem domains of the FEMs include a thermoelastic PFD embedded in an elastic substrate. The thickness of the PFD is initially determined from the difference between post- and pre-eruption digital elevation models (DEMs). The initial excess temperature of the PFD at the time of deposition, 640 °C, is estimated from FEM predictions and an InSAR image via standard least-squares inverse methods. Although the FEM predicts the major features of the observed transient deformation, systematic prediction errors (RMSE = 2.2 cm) are most likely associated with errors in the a priori PFD thickness distribution estimated from the DEM differences. We combine an InSAR image, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm to iteratively optimize the geometry of the PFD with respect to a minimized misfit between the predicted thermoelastic deformation and observed deformation. Prediction errors from an FEM, which includes an optimized PFD geometry and the initial excess PFD temperature estimated from the least-squares analysis, are sub-millimeter (RMSE = 0.3 mm). The average thickness (9.3 m), maximum thickness (126 m), and volume (2.1 × 107m3) of the PFD, estimated using the adaptive mesh algorithm, are about twice as large as the respective estimations for the a priori PFD geometry. Sensitivity analyses suggest unrealistic PFD thickness distributions are required for initial excess PFD temperatures outside of the range 500–800 °C.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.004","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., Lu, Z., and Rykhus, R.P., 2006, Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, no. 1-3, p. 186-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.004.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"\n{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ], [ -153.47625732421875, 59.41993301322722 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.39385986328125, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.36090087890622, 59.41574084934491 ], [ -153.34442138671875, 59.39477224351409 ], [ -153.31695556640625, 59.37658895163648 ], [ -153.32794189453125, 59.33599107056162 ], [ -153.37188720703125, 59.32338185310805 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.31777625443006 ], [ -153.5394287109375, 59.31076795603884 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.32618430580267 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.35139598294652 ], [ -153.60260009765625, 59.379387015928536 ], [ -153.59161376953125, 59.404559208021745 ], [ -153.55865478515625, 59.410150490100754 ], [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ] ] ] } } ] }\n","volume":"150","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb29ce4b08c986b3258f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":428524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030741,"text":"70030741 - 2006 - Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T11:14:52","indexId":"70030741","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population","docAbstract":"

1. Predation plays an integral role in many community interactions, with the number of predators and the rate at which they consume prey (i.e. their functional response) determining interaction strengths. Owing to the difficulty of directly observing predation events, attempts to determine the functional response of predators in natural systems are limited. Determining the forms that predator functional responses take in complex systems is important in advancing understanding of community interactions. 2. Prey survival has a direct relationship to the functional response of their predators. We employed this relationship to estimate the functional response for bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocepalus predation of Canada goose Branta canadensis nests. We compared models that incorporated eagle abundance, nest abundance and alternative prey presence to determine the form of the functional response that best predicted intra-annual variation in survival of goose nests. 3. Eagle abundance, nest abundance and the availability of alternative prey were all related to predation rates of goose nests by eagles. There was a sigmoidal relationship between predation rate and prey abundance and prey switching occurred when alternative prey was present. In addition, predation by individual eagles increased as eagle abundance increased. 4. A complex set of interactions among the three species examined in this study determined survival rates of goose nests. Results show that eagle predation had both prey- and predator-dependent components with no support for ratio dependence. In addition, indirect interactions resulting from the availability of alternative prey had an important role in mediating the rate at which eagles depredated nests. As a result, much of the within-season variation in nest survival was due to changing availability of alternative prey consumed by eagles. 5. Empirical relationships drawn from ecological theory can be directly integrated into the estimation process to determine the mechanisms responsible for variation in observed survival rates. The relationship between predator functional response and prey survival offers a flexible and robust method to advance our understanding of predator-prey interactions in many complex natural systems where prey populations are marked and regularly visited. ?? 2006 British Ecological Society.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.A., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Anthony, M., 2006, Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 75, no. 1, p. 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477391,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a816ee4b0c8380cd7b51f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, M.","contributorId":41373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175730,"text":"70175730 - 2006 - Population dynamics of Greater Scaup breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T15:24:28","indexId":"70175730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of Greater Scaup breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Populations of greater scaup (Aythya marila) remained relatively stable during a period when populations of lesser scaup (A. affinis) have declined from historic levels. To assist in describing these differences in population trends, from 1991 through 2000, we studied the survival, nesting ecology, and productivity of greater scaup on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, to develop a model of population dynamics. We located nests, radio-marked females for renesting studies, estimated duckling survival, and leg-banded females to examine nest site fidelity and annual survival.

\n

Greater scaup initiated egg laying later than other species, and most clutches (>80%) were initiated over 20 days each year. We located 1,056 nests; nest success ranged from 7 to 61 % among years. Following loss of their first clutch, 51 % of radio-tagged females attempted to renest. Duckling survival to 30 days of age was 37.5%. Our best model suggested that annual survival did not vary among years and averaged 81 %. Survival rate was positively related to structural body size. Only 8 of 214 banded individuals were reported as recovered (1 each in Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, and Alaska and 3 in California).

\n

Using a stochastic model, we estimated that, on average, breeding females produced 0.57 young females/nesting season. We combined this estimate of productivity with our annual estimates of adult survival and an assumed population growth rate of 1.0, then solved for an estimate of first-year survival (0.40). Under these conditions the predicted stable age distribution of breeding females (i.e., the nesting population) was 15.1% 1-year-old, 4.1% 2-year-old first-time breeders, and 80.8% 2-year-old and older, experienced breeders. We subjected this stochastic model to perturbation analyses to examine the relative effects of demographic parameters on k. The relative effects of productivity and adult survival on the population growth rate were 0.26 and 0.72, respectively. Thus, compared to productivity, proportionally equivalent changes in annual survival would have 2.8 times the effect on k. However, when we examined annual variation in predicted population size using standardized regression coefficients, productivity explained twice as much variation as annual survival. Thus, management actions focused on changes in survival or productivity have the ability to influence population size; however, substantially larger changes in productivity are required to influence population trends.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0084-0173(2006)162[1:PDOGSB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Morse, J.A., 2006, Population dynamics of Greater Scaup breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildlife Monographs, v. 162, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.2193/0084-0173(2006)162[1:PDOGSB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6ae4b03fd6b7d94c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry","contributorId":61950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J. Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":139310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas F.","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030968,"text":"70030968 - 2006 - Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030968","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","docAbstract":"Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) multispectral observations of rocks made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Panoramic camera (Pancam) have been analyzed using a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) methodology. Scenes have been examined from the Gusev crater plains into the Columbia Hills. Most scenes on the plains and in the Columbia Hills could be modeled as three end-member mixtures of a bright material, rock, and shade. Scenes of rocks disturbed by the rover's Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) required additional end-members. In the Columbia Hills, there were a number of scenes in which additional rock end-members were required. The SMA methodology identified relatively dust-free areas on undisturbed rock surfaces as well as spectrally unique areas on RAT abraded rocks. Spectral parameters from these areas were examined, and six spectral classes were identified. These classes are named after a type rock or area and are Adirondack, Lower West Spur, Clovis, Wishstone, Peace, and Watchtower. These classes are discriminable based, primarily, on near-infrared (NIR) spectral parameters. Clovis and Watchtower class rocks appear more oxidized than Wishstone class rocks and Adirondack basalts based on their having higher 535 nm band depths. Comparison of the spectral parameters of these Gusev crater rocks to parameters of glass-dominated basaltic tuffs indicates correspondence between measurements of Clovis and Watchtower classes but divergence for the Wishstone class rocks, which appear to have a higher fraction of crystalline ferrous iron-bearing phases. Despite a high sulfur content, the rock Peace has NIR properties resembling plains basalts. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002495","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Farrand, W.H., Bell, J., Johnson, J.R., Squyres, S.W., Soderblom, J., and Ming, D.W., 2006, Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002495.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002495"},{"id":238706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b954ce4b08c986b31ae67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.F.","contributorId":36663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190592,"text":"70190592 - 2006 - San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:25:53.096216","indexId":"70190592","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?","title":"San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?","docAbstract":"

Although coyotes (Canis latrans) are well-known for their adaptability to human-modified landscapes (Riley et al. 2003), as with any medium to large-sized carnivore, they typically avoid highly urbanized areas (Crooks 2002), preferring instead to use habitat fragments linked by vegetated corridors (Tigas et al. 2002). However, recent observations of coyotes in San Francisco indicate their willingness to traverse even the most densely urbanized terrain (Rubenstein 2003). Herein we use DNA to show, in an extreme example, that an adult male coyote caught in the northern tip of the San Francisco peninsula traversed the 2-km Golden Gate Bridge, potentially linking historically distinct coyote populations.

We extracted DNA from the blood of a coyote that was captured, radio-collared, and released in May 2003 in the Presidio of San Francisco, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area located south of the Golden Gate Bridge. This coyote apparently left the park within a week and was not subsequently located. We genotyped this individual at 14 autosomal (non-sex-linked) microsatellite loci that had previously been used to delimit 4 coyote populations in central California (Sacks et al. 2004). Laboratory methods are detailed in a previous publication (Sacks et al. 2004). By comparing this genotype to the 2 adjacent populations, the North Coastal Mountain population (beginning 20 km north of the bridge) and the South Bay Hills population (20 km south of the Bridge, just south of the city), we assigned his origin to the northern population with 97.5% probability using a Bayesian model-based approach (Pritchard et al. 2000). The population of origin was the same when all 4 central California populations were used. Next, we genotyped this male and males in the 2 adjacent populations at 2 Y-chromosome loci (MS41A, MS41B; Sundqvist et al. 2001). The genotype of this male was present in 43 of 63 males from the northern population and none of 18 males (conservatively assumed to be 1 of 18 for probability calculation) in the southern population, indicating a 92% probability of origin in the northern population based on the Y-genotype. The combined probability of assignment (Sokal and Rohlf 1995) to the northern population based on both types of marker was 99.5%, making it almost certain that this coyote came from north of the Bridge.

Although it is conceivable that the coyote was transported by humans or arrived in the Presidio without having traversed the Bridge, these scenarios seem unlikely. First, the coyote had no apparent injuries and, based on tooth wear, was several years old, making it unlikely that he had been in the recent custody of a wildlife rehabilitator (a general inquiry to all known wildlife rehabilitators in the area also turned up no information). Second, he was observed in the San Francisco park at the south end of the Bridge, a likely destination for a coyote that had walked across the Bridge, but not a likely choice as a new release site for a coyote. Third, while canids are generally good swimmers, it seems implausible that a coyote could swim across the San Francisco Bay, which has extremely treacherous currents. Finally, assuming his journey was unassisted, any land route other than the Golden Gate Bridge would have required him to circumvent the San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary and move through the South Bay Hills population (>250 km). Because no coyotes captured in the South Bay Hills population had genetic profiles indicative of a northern origin (Sacks et al. 2004), this seems especially unlikely. Coyotes were most likely absent from the peninsula north of the Bridge when the Bridge was built in 1933 and have only recently begun recolonizing the area (Hall 2000). The recent southern recolonization of this area by coyotes, their apparent willingness to cross the Bridge, and recent documentation of coyotes in more central parts of San Francisco (Rubenstein 2003) indicate the possibility of direct gene flow between north-coastal and south-coastal coyote populations, which have been historically distinct (Sacks et al. 2004). Although it has been widely recognized that human fragmentation of the landscape can impede gene flow among parts of historically continuous populations, our findings reflect an example where a human modification to the landscape may have done the opposite—namely, facilitated gene flow between historically distinct sections of a species range.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[263:SFGGAB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sacks, B.N., Ernest, H.B., and Boydston, E.E., 2006, San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 66, no. 2, p. 263-264, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[263:SFGGAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol66/iss2/16","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Presidio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48588562011714,\n 37.78414711095681\n ],\n [\n -122.44485855102536,\n 37.78414711095681\n ],\n [\n -122.44485855102536,\n 37.80924146650164\n ],\n [\n -122.48588562011714,\n 37.80924146650164\n ],\n [\n -122.48588562011714,\n 37.78414711095681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac35e4b08b1644d8f1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Benjamin N.","contributorId":196290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacks","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernest, Holly B.","contributorId":127689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernest","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030715,"text":"70030715 - 2006 - Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:46:08","indexId":"70030715","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2358,"text":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","docAbstract":"

The spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) in southern China from March 2003 to February 2005. The overall objective of the present study was to analyze the temporal variations of soil respiration and its biophysical dependence in these forests. The relationships between biophysical factors and soil respiration rates were compared in successional forests to test the hypothesis that these forests responded similarly to biophysical factors. The seasonality of soil respiration coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high respiration rates in the hot humid season (April-September) and with low rates in the cool dry season (October-March). Soil respiration measured at these forests showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. Annual mean (±SD) soil respiration rate in the DNR forests was (9.0 ± 4.6) Mg CO2-C/hm2per year, ranging from (6.1 ± 3.2) Mg CO2-C/hm2per year in early successional forests to (10.7 ± 4.9) Mg CO2-C/hm2 per year in advanced successional forests. Soil respiration was correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. The T/M model, where the two biophysical variables are driving factors, accounted for 74%-82% of soil respiration variation in DNR forests. Temperature sensitivity decreased along progressive succession stages, suggesting that advanced-successional forests have a good ability to adjust to temperature. In contrast, moisture increased with progressive succession processes. This increase is caused, in part, by abundant respirators in advanced-successional forest, where more soil moisture is needed to maintain their activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x","issn":"16729072","usgsCitation":"Tang, X., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Zhang, D., Liu, S., Li, J., and Zhou, C., 2006, Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 654-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb0e4b0c8380cd4ee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, X.-L.","contributorId":19778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, G.-Y.","contributorId":37522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.-G.","contributorId":74574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, D.-Q.","contributorId":25360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"D.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, S.-Z.","contributorId":62410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, C.-Y.","contributorId":7910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188286,"text":"70188286 - 2006 - Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T13:56:15","indexId":"70188286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","docAbstract":"

Atmospheric environmental tracers commonly used to date groundwater on timescales of years to decades include CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 85Kr, 3 H and 3 H/3 H0 , where 3 H0 refers to initial tritium (3 H + tritiogenic 3 He) (Cook and Herczeg, 2000). Interpretation of age from environmental tracer data may be relatively simple for a water sample with a single age, but the interpretation is more complex for a sample that is a mixture of waters of varying ages. A mixture can be a natural result of convergence of flow lines to a discharge area such as a spring or stream, or it can be an artefact of sampling a long-screen well. TRACERMODEL1 contains a worksheet that can be used to determine hypothetical concentrations of atmospheric environmental tracers in water samples with several different age distributions. It is designed to permit plotting of ages and tracer concentrations in a variety of different combinations to facilitate interpretation of measurements. TRACERMODEL1 includes several different types of graphs that are linked to the calculations. The spreadsheet and accompanying graphs can be modified for specific applications. For example, the selection of atmospheric environmental tracers can be changed to reflect analytes of interest, the input tracer data can be modified to reflect local conditions or different timescales, and the analytes of interest can include other types of non-point-source contaminants, such as nitrate (Böhlke, 2002). Previous versions of this workbook have been used to evaluate field data in studies of groundwater residence time and agricultural contamination (Böhlke and Denver, 1995; Focazio et al., 1998; Katz et al., 1999; Katz et al., 2001; Plummer et al., 2001; Böhlke and Krantz, 2003; Lindsey et al., 2003).

","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., 2006, Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1238_web.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030711,"text":"70030711 - 2006 - Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030711","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A multi-day hydrographic survey cruise was conducted to acquire spatially extensive, but temporally limited, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off West Maui in the summer of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics along a complex island shoreline with coral reefs. These data complement long-term, high-resolution tide, wave, current, temperature, salinity and turbidity measurements made at a number of fixed locations in the study area starting in 2001. Analyses of these hydrographic data, in conjunction with numerous field observations, evoke the following conceptual model of water and turbidity flux along West Maui. Wave- and wind-driven flows appear to be the primary control on flow over shallower portions of the reefs while tidal and subtidal currents dominate flow over the outer portions of the reefs and insular shelf. When the direction of these flows counter one another, which is quite common, they cause a zone of cross-shore horizontal shear and often form a front, with turbid, lower-salinity water inshore of the front and clear, higher-salinity water offshore of the front. It is not clear whether these zones of high shear and fronts are the cause or the result of the location of the fore reef, but they appear to be correlated alongshore over relatively large horizontal distances (orders of kilometers). When two flows converge or when a single flow is bathymetrically steered, eddies can be generated that, in the absence of large ocean surface waves, tend to accumulate material. Areas of higher turbidity and lower salinity tend to correlate with regions of poor coral health or the absence of well-developed reefs, suggesting that the oceanographic processes that concentrate and/or transport nutrients, contaminants, low-salinity water or suspended sediment might strongly influence coral reef ecosystem health and sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., Logan, J., and McLaughlin, B., 2006, Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 3, p. 401-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006.","startPage":"401","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006"},{"id":239430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc6e4b0c8380cd4e41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, J.B.","contributorId":43150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, B.E.","contributorId":36362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030550,"text":"70030550 - 2006 - Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030550","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey","docAbstract":"Refraction traveltimes from a 46-km long seismic survey across the San Andreas Fault were inverted to obtain two-dimensional velocity structure of the upper crust near the SAFOD drilling project. The model contains strong vertical and lateral velocity variations from <2 km/s to ???6 km/s. The Salinian terrane west of the San Andreas Fault has much higher velocity than the Franciscan terrane east of the fault. Salinian basement deepens from 0.8 km subsurface at SAFOD to ???2.5 km subsurface 20 km to the southwest. A strong reflection and subtle velocity contrast suggest a steeply dipping fault separating the Franciscan terrane from the Great Valley Sequence. A low-velocity wedge of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks lies immediately southwest of the San Andreas Fault. This body is bounded by a steep fault just northeast of SAFOD and approaches the depth of the shallowest earthquakes. Multiple active and inactive fault strands complicate structure near SAFOD. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025194","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hole, J., Ryberg, T., Fuis, G., Bleibinhaus, F., and Sharma, A., 2006, Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025194.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477438,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025194"},{"id":239143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5ee4b08c986b31d3cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hole, J.A.","contributorId":103422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleibinhaus, F.","contributorId":77736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleibinhaus","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharma, A.K.","contributorId":65281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030710,"text":"70030710 - 2006 - High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T13:46:40","indexId":"70030710","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive collection of geophysical and sediment core data from Barataria Bay and offshore to develop a geologic model of the shallow (< 10 m) subsurface. The purpose of the model is twofold: (1) establish the stratigraphic architecture of a subdelta lobe of the Bayou des Families delta, deposited by the Mississippi River approximately 4000 years before present; and (2) provide a high-resolution description of the geologic framework in a context that can be applied to coastal management issues in similar fluvially dominated coastal environments worldwide. The results of the study demonstrate how high-quality geologic data from the coastal environment can be used not only to further our understanding of shoreline evolution but also to provide pertinent information for coastal management needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2006.030","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N., Dreher, C., Kindinger, J., FitzGerald, D.M., and Kulp, M., 2006, High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 429-443, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030"},{"id":239429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3137e4b0c8380cd5dd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferina, N.F.","contributorId":63140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreher, C.","contributorId":36186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulp, M.A.","contributorId":61138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030702,"text":"70030702 - 2006 - Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","docAbstract":"Coseismic slip associated with the M7.9, 1923 Kanto earthquake is fairly well understood, involving slip of up to 8 m along the Philippine Sea-Honshu interplate boundary under Sagami Bay and its onland extension. Postseismic deformation after the 1923 earthquake, however, is relatively poorly understood. We revisit the available deformation data in order to constrain possible mechanisms of postseismic deformation and to examine the consequences for associated stress changes in the surrounding crust. Data from two leveling lines and one tide gage station over the first 7-8 years postseismic period are of much greater amplitude than the corresponding expected interseismic deformation during the same period, making these data suitable for isolating the signal from postseismic deformation. We consider both viscoelastic models of asthenosphere relaxation and afterslip models. A distributed coseismic slip model presented by Pollitz et al. (2005), combined with prescribed parameters of a viscoelastic Earth model, yields predicted postseismic deformation that agrees with observed deformation on mainland Honshu from Tokyo to the Izu peninsula. Elsewhere (southern Miura peninsula; Boso peninsula), the considered viscoelastic models fail to predict observed deformation, and a model of ???1 in shallow afterslip in the offshore region south of the Boso peninsula, with equivalent moment magnitude Mw = 7.0, adequately accounts for the observed deformation. Using the distributed coseismic slip model, layered viscoelastic structure, and a model of interseismic strain accumulation, we evaluate the post-1923 stress evolution, including both the coseismic and accumulated postseismic stress changes and those stresses contributed by interseismic loading. We find that if account is made for the varying tectonic regime in the region, the occurrence of both immediate (first month) post-1923 crustal aftershocks as well as recent regional crustal seismicity is consistent with the predicted stress pattern. This suggests that the influence of the 1923 earthquake on regional seismicity is fairly predictable and has persisted for at least seven decades following the earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003901","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Nyst, M., Nishimura, T., and Thatcher, W., 2006, Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901"},{"id":239253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae3e4b0c8380cd62068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030686,"text":"70030686 - 2006 - Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030686","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Tissue residues of total mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lipid-based PCBs; plasma concentrations of endocrine biomarkers; and reproductive and histologic biomarkers were assessed in 460 carp (Cyprinus carpio), bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus dolomieui), and bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from eight sites across the Hudson River Basin in the spring of 1998 to determine if endocrine disruption was evident in resident fish species and to evaluate contaminant-biomarker interrelations. Total PCBs in bed sediments (maximum 2,500 ??g kg-1) could explain 64 to 90% of the variability in lipid-based PCB residues in tissues (maximum 1,250 ??g PCB g-lipid-1) of the four species. The 17??-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratio, typically less than 1.0 in male fish and greater than 1.0 in females, exceeded 1.4 in all male largemouth bass and 35% of male carp and bullhead at one site 21 km downstream from a major PCB source. Endocrine biomarkers were significantly correlated with total Hg in female smallmouth bass and carp, and with lipid-based PCBs in males of all four species. Empirical evidence of endocrine modulation in blood plasma of male and female fish from sites with and without high PCB residues in bed sediments and fish tissues suggest that PCBs, Hg, or other contaminants may disrupt normal endocrine function in fish of the Hudson River. ?? Eawag, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Sloan, R., Smith, S., Denslow, N., Blazer, V., and Gross, T., 2006, Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA: Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 2, p. 206-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8.","startPage":"206","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8"},{"id":239572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cf6e4b0c8380cd79c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloan, R.J.","contributorId":16653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.B.","contributorId":47056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030685,"text":"70030685 - 2006 - Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:23:36.405862","indexId":"70030685","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","docAbstract":"

Numerical models are presented that simulate several active tectonic processes. These models include a continent that is thermally and mechanically coupled with viscous mantle flow. The assumption of rigid continents allows use of solid body equations to describe the continents' motion and to calculate their velocities. The starting point is a quasi-steady state model of mantle convection with temperature/ pressure-dependent viscosity. After placing a continent on top of the mantle, the convection pattern changes. The mantle flow subsequently passes through several stages, eventually resembling the mantle structure under present-day continents: (a) Extension tectonics and marginal basins form on boundary of a continent approaching to subduction zone, roll back of subduction takes place in front of moving continent; (b) The continent reaches the subduction zone, the extension regime at the continental edge is replaced by strong compression. The roll back of the subduction zone still continues after closure of the marginal basin and the continent moves towards the upwelling. As a result the ocean becomes non-symmetric and (c) The continent overrides the upwelling and subduction in its classical form stops. The third stage appears only in the upper mantle model with localized upwellings. 

","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Trubitsyn, V., Kaban, M., Mooney, W.D., Reigber, C., and Schwintzer, P., 2006, Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents: Geophysical Journal International, v. 164, no. 3, p. 611-623, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02832.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b900ee4b08c986b3192c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubitsyn, V.","contributorId":70657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trubitsyn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaban, M.","contributorId":19441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaban","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reigber, C.","contributorId":64959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reigber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwintzer, P.","contributorId":105496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwintzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001051,"text":"1001051 - 2006 - Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1001051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998","docAbstract":"Levels of chlorinated organic contaminants in predator fish have been monitored annually in each of the Great Lakes since the 1970s. This article updates earlier reports with data from 1991 to 1998 for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and (Lake Erie only) walleye (Sander vitreus) to provide a record that now extends nearly 30 years. Whole fish were analyzed for a number of industrial contaminants and pesticides, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, and mirex, and contaminant trends were quantified using multicompartment models. As in the past, fish from Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron have the highest levels of PCBs, DDT, and dieldrin; Superior has the highest levels of toxaphene; and Ontario has the highest levels of mirex. In the period after curtailment of chemical use, concentrations rapidly decreased, represented by relatively short half-lives from approximately 1 to 9 years. Although trends depend on both the contaminant and the lake, in many cases the rate of decline has been decreasing, and concentrations are gradually approaching an irreducible concentration. For dioxin-like PCBs, levels have not been decreasing during the most recent 5-year period (1994 to 1998). In some cases, the year-to-year variation in contaminant levels is large, mainly because of food-web dynamics. Although this variation sometimes obscures long-term trends, the general pattern of a rapid decrease followed by slowing or leveling-off of the downward trend seems consistent across the Great Lakes, and future improvements of the magnitude seen in the 1970s and early 1980s likely will take much longer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., Batterman, S., and Chernyak, S., 2006, Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 97-110.","productDescription":"p. 97-110","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, J.P.","contributorId":31720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batterman, S.A.","contributorId":53348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}