{"pageNumber":"989","pageRowStart":"24700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":58157,"text":"sir20045208 - 2004 - Surface geophysical investigation of the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, Spring 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045208","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5208","title":"Surface geophysical investigation of the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, Spring 2004","docAbstract":"The former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, was used primarily as a storage facility for the production of small arms ammunition during 1941?47 and 1951?61. A secondary use of the site was for munitions testing and disposal. Surface exposures of small arms waste, characterized by brass shell casings and fragments, as well as other miscellaneous scrap metal are remnants of disposal practices that took place during U.S. Army operation and can be found throughout the site. Little historical information exists describing disposal practices, and more debris is believed to be buried in the subsurface. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has identified several areas of concern throughout the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. A surface-geophysical investigation was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to evaluate the areal and vertical extent of metallic debris in the subsurface within three of these areas of concern.\r\n\r\nElectromagnetic and magnetic methods were used to locate anomalies indicating relatively large concentrations of buried metallic debris within the selected areas of concern. Maps were created identifying twelve anomalous zones in the three areas of concern, and three of these zones were selected for further investigation. The extent and depth of the anomalies within these zones were explored using two-dimensional direct-current resistivity methods. Resistivity and time-domain induced polarization data were compared to the anomalous locations of the electromagnetic and magnetic surveys.\r\n\r\nThe geophysical methods selected for this study were useful in determining the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste within the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. However, electromagnetic and magnetic methods were not able to differentiate magnetic scrap metal from non-magnetic metallic small arms waste, most likely due to the small size and scattered distribution of the small arms waste, in addition to the mixing of both types of debris in the subsurface.\r\n\r\nElectromagnetic and magnetic data showed some zones of concentrated anomalies, while there was a general scattering of small anomalies throughout the site. Inverted resistivity sections, as well as induced polarization sections, showed the debris to have a maximum depth of approximately 1 to 2 meters below the surface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045208","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Kress, W.H., Anderson, E.D., Teeple, A., Ferguson, J.W., and Colbert, C.R., 2004, Surface geophysical investigation of the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, Spring 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5208, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045208.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69702b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":1733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, James W.","contributorId":98393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colbert, Charles R.","contributorId":53035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colbert","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":58245,"text":"ofr20041345 - 2004 - Modeling of the Climax Stock and Related Plutons Based on the Inversion of Magnetic Data, Southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"ofr20041345","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1345","title":"Modeling of the Climax Stock and Related Plutons Based on the Inversion of Magnetic Data, Southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"Two models of the Climax and Gold Meadows stocks were generated using a new method of magnetic inversion modeling based on the pseudogravity anomaly. The first model examined the shape of the two stocks and their connection at depth, concluding that the stocks are connected -4000 m below the ground surface. The second model re-examined the shape and depth of the Climax stock using a two-layer model and new magnetic data collected from drill hole ER-8-1. Existing and new magnetic data support a model of a zoned pluton with increasing magnetization with depth. A model of a zoned pluton was generated and adjusted to fit the magnetic anomaly measured over the stock. The model has an upper layer that extends to a depth of 1,700 m and is magnetized at 0.06 A/m, and a lower layer that extends to a maximum depth of 7,600 m and is magnetized at 0.17 A/m. The model matches the outcrop data, but was unable to match the intercept of the Climax stock from drill hole ER-8-1.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041345","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Energy\r\nNational Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Environmental Management, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-01NV13944","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., Jachens, R.C., Moring, B.C., and Roberts, C.W., 2004, Modeling of the Climax Stock and Related Plutons Based on the Inversion of Magnetic Data, Southwest Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1345, 21 p.; 8 data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041345.","productDescription":"21 p.; 8 data files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1345/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57793,"text":"ofr20041265 - 2004 - Hydrologic data summary for the St. Lucie River Estuary, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:20","indexId":"ofr20041265","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1265","title":"Hydrologic data summary for the St. Lucie River Estuary, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"A hydrologic analysis was made at three canal sites and four tidal sites along the St. Lucie River Estuary in southeastern Florida from 1998 to 2001. The data included for analysis are stage, 15-minute flow, salinity, water temperature, turbidity, and suspended-solids concentration. During the period of record, the estuary experienced a drought, major storm events, and high-water discharge from Lake Okeechobee.\r\n\r\n\r\nFlow mainly occurred through the South Fork of the St. Lucie River; however, when flow increased through control structures along the C-23 and C-24 Canals, the North Fork was a larger than usual contributor of total freshwater inflow to the estuary. At one tidal site (Steele Point), the majority of flow was southward toward the St. Lucie Inlet; at a second tidal site (Indian River Bridge), the majority of flow was northward into the Indian River Lagoon.\r\n\r\n\r\nLarge-volume stormwater discharge events greatly affected the St. Lucie River Estuary. Increased discharge typically was accompanied by salinity decreases that resulted in water becoming and remaining fresh throughout the estuary until the discharge events ended. Salinity in the estuary usually returned to prestorm levels within a few days after the events. Turbidity decreased and salinity began to increase almost immediately when the gates at the control structures closed. Salinity ranged from less than 1 to greater than 35 parts per thousand during the period of record (1998-2001), and typically varied by several parts per thousand during a tidal cycle.\r\n\r\n\r\nSuspended-solids concentrations were observed at one canal site (S-80) and two tidal sites (Speedy Point and Steele Point) during a discharge event in April and May 2000. Results suggest that most deposition of suspended-solids concentration occurs between S-80 and Speedy Point. The turbidity data collected also support this interpretation. The ratio of inorganic to organic suspended-solids concentration observed at S-80, Speedy Point, and Steele Point during the discharge event indicates that most flocculation of suspended-solids concentration occurs between Speedy Point and Steele Point.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041265","usgsCitation":"Byrne, M., and Patino, E., 2004, Hydrologic data summary for the St. Lucie River Estuary, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1265, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041265.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60757a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, Michael J.","contributorId":8550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58244,"text":"ofr20041311 - 2004 - Alaska resource data file: Iditarod quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T11:52:09.044718","indexId":"ofr20041311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1311","title":"Alaska resource data file: Iditarod quadrangle","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041311","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T., Miller, M.L., and Hawley, C.C., 2004, Alaska resource data file: Iditarod quadrangle (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1311, 374 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041311.","productDescription":"374 p.","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483995,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483994,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69998.htm"},{"id":5827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486491,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1311/of2004-1311.pdf","text":"Report","size":"996 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iditarod quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawley, Charles C.","contributorId":97570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawley","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58243,"text":"ofr20041310 - 2004 - Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T19:19:11.861954","indexId":"ofr20041310","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1310","title":"Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041310","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T., and Miller, M.L., 2004, Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1310, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041310.","productDescription":"160 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":486540,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1310/of2004-1310.pdf","text":"Report","size":"713 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1310 PDF"},{"id":484144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":484145,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69997.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sleetmute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57988,"text":"wri034331 - 2004 - Biological assessment of streams in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area, Indiana, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:14","indexId":"wri034331","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4331","title":"Biological assessment of streams in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area, Indiana, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"During 1999?2001, benthic invertebrates and fish were sampled to describe biological communities in the White River and selected tributaries in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area in Indiana. Twelve sites (six on the White River and six on tributaries) were sampled biannually for benthic invertebrates and annually for fish. The information complements water-chemistry data collected by the Indianapolis Department of Public Works in the study area. \r\n\r\n Evaluation of the habitat for sites in the study area was done, using a Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) developed by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. The QHEI scores basin and habitat characteristics for each site, with a maximum possible score of 100. Higher scores indicate better habitat conditions for biotic communities. The QHEI scores for sites on the White River ranged from 55 at the Harding site to 71 at the Waverly site; scores on the tributaries ranged from 45 on Pogues Run to 82 on Williams Creek. \r\n\r\n A total of 151 taxa were identified from the benthic-invertebrate samples. The Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) Index scores for sites on the White River ranged from 0 at the Harding site to 15 at the Nora site. The Nora site, which is upstream from Indianapolis, generally scored the highest of all White River sites. Sites in the immediate vicinity of Indianapolis scored the lowest and indicate a negative effect on benthic-invertebrate communities in that reach. EPT Index scores increased in the farthest downstream reaches, which indicate that water-quality conditions had improved in comparison to sites in Indianapolis. For the tributary sites, EPT Index values ranged from 0 at Pogues Run to 16 at Buck Creek. Tributary sites on Fall Creek, Pleasant Run, and Pogues Run consistently scored 7 or lower; sites on Buck Creek, Eagle Creek, and Williams Creek scored 7 or higher. \r\n\r\n Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) scores ranged from 4.9 (good) to 9.6 (very poor) for the White River sites and from 5.2 (good) to 8.0 (poor) for the tributary sites. The lowest scores among the White River sites were at the Nora site, indicating the best water-quality conditions were where the White River enters Marion County. The highest HBI scores were at the Morris and Harding sites, indicating the least-favorable water-quality conditions of all the White River sites. Of the tributary sites, HBI scores for Buck, Eagle, and Williams Creeks indicate fair water-quality conditions; HBI scores for Pleasant Run and Pogues Run were the highest, indicating relatively poor water-quality conditions. \r\n\r\n On the White River, the highest Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) scores, which indicate the best benthic-invertebrate conditions, were at the Nora site. Conditions were fair to poor in the downtown Indianapolis area; ICI scores indicate slight improvement in the downstream reaches of the study area. Of the tributary sites, Buck Creek was the only site with ICI scores indicating exceptional water quality. Williams Creek ICI scores indicate good water quality; the remaining tributary-site scores reflect fair conditions. \r\n\r\n A total of 74 species and 3 hybrids of fish were identified during the study period. The Cyprinidae (carps and minnows) was the largest group of fish identified and consisted of more than half of all fish collected. The most numerous species was the central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), which accounted for almost 25 percent of the fish identified. Two nonnative species, the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), and one species classified as an Indiana species of special concern, the northern studfish (Fundulus catenatus), also were collected during the study. \r\n\r\n Indiana Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) and Ohio Index of Biotic Integrity scores were calculated to show the condition of the fish communities at each site. Results of the Indiana IBI calculations showed no apparent differences in scores among the Wh","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034331","usgsCitation":"Voelker, D.C., 2004, Biological assessment of streams in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area, Indiana, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4331, 56 p.; 1 CD in pocket; 22 figs.; 125 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034331.","productDescription":"56 p.; 1 CD in pocket; 22 figs.; 125 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voelker, David C. dvoelker@usgs.gov","contributorId":278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"David","email":"dvoelker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57949,"text":"sir20045064 - 2004 - Development of a traveltime prediction equation for streams in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"sir20045064","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5064","title":"Development of a traveltime prediction equation for streams in Arkansas","docAbstract":"During 1971 and 1981 and 2001 and 2003, traveltime measurements were made at 33 sample sites on 18 streams throughout northern and western Arkansas using fluorescent dye. Most measurements were made during steady-state base-flow conditions with the exception of three measurements made during near steady-state medium-flow conditions (for the study described in this report, medium-flow is approximately 100-150 percent of the mean monthly streamflow during the month the dye trace was conducted). These traveltime data were compared to the U.S. Geological Survey?s national traveltime prediction equation and used to develop a specific traveltime prediction equation for Arkansas streams. \r\n\r\nIn general, the national traveltime prediction equation yielded results that over-predicted the velocity of the streams for 29 of the 33 sites measured. The standard error for the national traveltime prediction equation was 105 percent. The coefficient of determination was 0.78. The Arkansas prediction equation developed from a regression analysis of dye-tracing results was a significant improvement over the national prediction equation. This regression analysis yielded a standard error of 46 percent and a coefficient of determination of 0.74. The predicted velocities using this equation compared better to measured velocities. \r\n\r\nUsing the variables in a regression analysis, the Arkansas prediction equation derived for the peak velocity in feet per second was:\r\n\r\n(Actual Equation Shown in report) \r\n\r\nIn addition to knowing when the peak concentration will arrive at a site, it is of great interest to know when the leading edge of a contaminant plume will arrive. The traveltime of the leading edge of a contaminant plume indicates when a potential problem might first develop and also defines the overall shape of the concentration response function. \r\n\r\nPrevious USGS reports have shown no significant relation between any of the variables and the time from injection to the arrival of the leading edge of the dye plume. For this report, the analysis of the dye-tracing data yielded a significant correlation between traveltime of the leading edge and traveltime of the peak concentration with an R2 value of 0.99. These data indicate that the traveltime of the leading edge can be estimated from: \r\n\r\n(Actual Equation Shown in Report)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045064","usgsCitation":"Funkhouser, J.E., and Barks, C.S., 2004, Development of a traveltime prediction equation for streams in Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5064, 24 p.; 11 figs.; 3 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045064.","productDescription":"24 p.; 11 figs.; 3 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db5444bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funkhouser, Jaysson E. jefunkho@usgs.gov","contributorId":772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funkhouser","given":"Jaysson","email":"jefunkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barks, C. Shane csbarks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C.","email":"csbarks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58109,"text":"ofr20041375 - 2004 - Ambient vibration and earthquake strong-motion data sets for selected USGS extensively instrumented buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:03","indexId":"ofr20041375","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1375","title":"Ambient vibration and earthquake strong-motion data sets for selected USGS extensively instrumented buildings","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041375","usgsCitation":"Dunand, F., Rodgers, J.E., Acosta, A.V., Salsman, M., Bard, P., and Çelebi, M., 2004, Ambient vibration and earthquake strong-motion data sets for selected USGS extensively instrumented buildings (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1375, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041375.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunand, Francois","contributorId":57150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunand","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, Janise E.","contributorId":14892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Janise","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acosta, Arnold V.","contributorId":15273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acosta","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salsman, Marion","contributorId":102571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salsman","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bard, Pierre-Yves","contributorId":86846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bard","given":"Pierre-Yves","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":58107,"text":"ofr20041361 - 2004 - Preliminary geologic map of the El Cajon 30' x 60' quadrangle, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:03","indexId":"ofr20041361","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1361","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the El Cajon 30' x 60' quadrangle, Southern California","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the El Cajon 30' x 60' quadrangle, southern California. Compilation of the El Cajon quadrangle is based upon published mapping at various scales, unpublished mapping at 1:24,000 scale, and reconnaissance mapping. Mapping was done by fieldwork and the use of aerial photographs at 1:24,000 scale.\r\n\r\n The El Cajon quadrangle includes parts of two physiographic provinces: the Peninsular Ranges Province on the west underlies the major part of the quadrangle; the western Colorado Desert (locally called the Anza-Borrego Desert) underlies the northeastern corner. The approximate boundary between these two provinces is the Neogene Elsinore Fault Zone, the westernmost on-land strand of the San Andreas Fault System. Movements within the Elsinore Fault Zone are believed to have resulted in the uplift and westward rotation of the Peninsular Ranges block relative to the western Colorado Desert (Gastil and others, 1975). As a result, elevations in the El Cajon quadrangle increase from less than 100 m in the westernmost part of the quadrangle to ~2000 m along the irregular mountainous spine of the Peninsular Ranges (the Cuyamaca, Laguna, Tierra Blanca, and Jacumba Mountains); elevations then decrease rapidly eastward to <100 m in the Anza-Borrego Desert.\r\n Southwest of the Elsinore Fault Zone, the El Cajon quadrangle is underlain by Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the composite Peninsular Ranges Batholith, which contains screens of variably metamorphosed Mesozoic supracrustal rocks. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that are exposed in the western part of the quadrangle represent an older, superjacent part of the Peninsular Ranges magmatic arc. Upper Cretaceous and Eocene marine and nonmarine strata were deposited widely upon the eroded batholith but are preserved only in the westernmost part of the quadrangle (the San Diego embayment). Pliocene and Pleistocene coastal terrace deposits rest unconformably upon the early Tertiary rocks in the southwestern corner of the quadrangle.\r\n Northeast of the Elsinore Fault Zone, the El Cajon quadrangle exposes extensive Neogene nonmarine and marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Fish Creek-Vallecito basin. Basement uplifts in this region are composed of crystalline rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges Batholith (the Vallecito, Fish Creek, and Coyote Mountains).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041361","usgsCitation":"Todd, V.R., 2004, Preliminary geologic map of the El Cajon 30' x 60' quadrangle, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1361, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041361.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110527,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69595.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"69595"},{"id":181248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Victoria R. (compiler)","contributorId":51846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Victoria","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58102,"text":"ofr20041298 - 2004 - Springs on and in the vicinity of Mount Hood volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20041298","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1298","title":"Springs on and in the vicinity of Mount Hood volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic data are presented for nonthermal, thermal, and slightly thermal springs and drill holes and fumaroles on Mount Hood, Oregon. Temperatures of nonthermal springs on Mount Hood decrease with elevation and are similar to air temperatures from nearby weather stations. Dissolved constituents in nonthermal springs generally increase with spring temperatures and reflect weathering of volcanic rock from the action of dissolved carbon dioxide. Isotopic contents of nonthermal springs follow a local meteoric water line and generally become lighter with elevation. Some nonthermal springs at low-elevation have light values of isotopes indicating a high-elevation source for the water. Three hydrothermal systems have been identified on Mount Hood. Swim Warm Springs is interpreted to have a source water that boiled from 187?C, re-equilibrated at 96?C, and then mixed with nonthermal water to produce the range of compositions found in various springs. The Meadows Spring is interpreted to have a source water that boiled from 223?C, re-equilibrated at 94?C, and then mixed with nonthermal water to produce the range of compositions found in the spring over several years. Both systems contain water that originated as precipitation at higher elevation. The summit fumaroles have gas geothermometer temperatures generally over 300?C, indicating that they are not the steam discharge from the Swim and Meadows hydrothermal systems. Representative values of thermal discharge for the three hydrothermal systems are 10 MWt for the fumaroles, 2.2 MWt for Swim, and 1.9 MWt for the Meadows and Cascade springs.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041298","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2004, Springs on and in the vicinity of Mount Hood volcano, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1298, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041298.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58099,"text":"ofr20041245 - 2004 - Spatial databases of the Humboldt Basin mineral resource assessment, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20041245","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1245","title":"Spatial databases of the Humboldt Basin mineral resource assessment, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report describes the origin, generation, and format of tract map databases for deposit types that accompany the metallic mineral resource assessment for the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada, (Wallace and others, 2004, Chapter 2). The deposit types include pluton-related polymetallic, sedimentary rock-hosted Au-Ag, and epithermal Au-Ag. The tract maps constitute only part of the assessment, which also includes new research and data for northern Nevada, discussions on land classification, and interpretation of the assessment maps. The purpose of the assessment was to identify areas that may have a greater favorability for undiscovered metallic mineral deposits, provide analysis of the mineral-resource favorability, and present the assessment of the Humboldt River basin and adjacent areas in a digital format using a Geographic Information System (GIS).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041245","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M.J., and Moyer, L.A., 2004, Spatial databases of the Humboldt Basin mineral resource assessment, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1245, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041245.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mihalasky, Mark J. 0000-0002-0082-3029 mjm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3029","contributorId":3692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalasky","given":"Mark","email":"mjm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Lorre A.","contributorId":106152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Lorre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58088,"text":"sir20045055 - 2004 - Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:32","indexId":"sir20045055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5055","title":"Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2001, water levels were measured in 427 wells in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana. Water-quality samples were collected for temperature and specific-conductance measurements during the spring and summer of 2001 from 150 wells in Arkansas in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer. Dissolved chloride samples were collected and analyzed for 87 of the 150 wells. Water-quality samples were not collected in Louisiana. Maps of areal distribution of potentiometric surface, difference in water-level measurements from 1997 to 2001, and specific conductance generated from these data reveal spatial trends across the study area. The highest water-level altitude measured in Arkansas was 328 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) in Grant County; the lowest water-level altitude was 197 feet below NGVD of 1929 in Union County. The highest water-level altitude measured in Louisiana was 235 feet above NGVD of 1929 in Bienville Parish; the lowest water-level altitude was 218 feet below NGVD of 1929 in Ouachita Parish. \r\n\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas generally is to the south-southwest in the northern half of Arkansas and to the east and south in the southern half of Arkansas; the ground-water flow in the Sparta aquifer in northern Louisiana generally is in an easterly direction toward the Mississippi River. Four cones of depression are shown in the 2001 potentiometric-surface map, centered in Columbia, Jefferson, and Union Counties in Arkansas and Ouachita Parish in Louisiana as a result of large withdrawals for industrial and public supplies. A broad depression exists in western Poinsett, Cross, and St. Francis Counties in Arkansas. \r\n\r\nA map for water-level changes from 1997 to 2001 was constructed using water-level measurements from 278 wells. The largest rise in water level measured in Arkansas was about 35 feet in Prairie County. The largest decline in water level measured in Arkansas was about 93 feet in Columbia County. The largest rise in water level measured in Louisiana was about 23 feet in Jackson Parish. The largest decline in water level measured in Louisiana was about 33 feet in Claiborne Parish. \r\n\r\nHydrographs were constructed for wells with a minimum of 25 years of water-level measurements. A trend line using a linear regression was calculated for the period of record from spring of 1976 to spring of 2001 to determine the annual decline or rise in feet per year for water levels in each well. The hydrographs were grouped by county or parish. The median values for county and parish annual water-level decline or rise ranged from -1.57 to 0.29 foot per year. \r\n\r\nSpecific conductance ranged from 16.8 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Ouachita County to about 1,470 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Lee County. The median specific conductance was 340 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Dissolved chloride concentrations ranged from 1.4 milligrams per liter at a well in Lincoln County to 250 milligrams per liter at a well in Lee County. The median dissolved chloride concentration was 7.7 milligrams per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045055","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., 2004, Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5055, 57 p. and 3 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045055.","productDescription":"57 p. and 3 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6013,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58171,"text":"sir20045234 - 2004 - Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045234","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5234","title":"Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska","docAbstract":"In June 2002, Hubbard Glacier advanced across the entrance to 35-mile-long Russell Fiord creating a glacier-dammed lake. After closure of the ice and moraine dam, runoff from mountain streams and glacial melt caused the level in ?Russell Lake? to rise until it eventually breached the dam on August 14, 2002. Daily mean inflows to the lake during the period of closure were estimated on the basis of lake stage data and the hypsometry of Russell Lake. Inflows were regressed against the daily mean streamflows of nearby Ophir Creek and Situk River to generate an equation for simulating Russell Lake inflow. The regression equation was used to produce 11 years of synthetic daily inflows to Russell Lake for the 1992-2002 water years. A flood-frequency analysis was applied to the peak daily mean inflows for these 11 years of record to generate a 100-year peak daily mean inflow of 235,000 cubic feet per second. Regional-regression equations also were applied to the Russell Lake basin, yielding a 100-year inflow of 157,000 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045234","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., 2004, Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5234, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045234.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58170,"text":"sir20045179 - 2004 - Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045179","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5179","title":"Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Carson Valley has caused concern over the continued availability of water resources to sustain future growth. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Douglas County, began a study to update estimates of water-budget components in Carson Valley for current climatic conditions. Data collected at 19 sites included 9 continuous records of tributary streamflows, 1 continuous record of outflow from the valley, and 408 measurements of 10 perennially flowing but ungaged drainages. These data were compiled and analyzed to provide updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, 1990-2002.\r\n\r\nMean monthly and annual flows were computed from continuous records for the period 1990-2002 for five streams, and for the period available, 1990-97, for four streams. Daily mean flow from ungaged drainages was estimated using multi-variate regressions of individual discharge measurements against measured flow at selected continuous gages. From the estimated daily mean flows, monthly and annual mean flows were calculated from 1990 to 2002. These values were used to compute estimates of mean monthly and annual flows for the ungaged perennial drainages. Using the computed and estimated mean annual flows, annual unit-area runoff was computed for the perennial drainages, which ranged from 0.30 to 2.02 feet.\r\n\r\nFor the period 1990-2002, estimated inflow of perennial streams tributary to Carson Valley totaled about 25,900 acre-feet per year. Inflow computed from gaged perennial drainages totaled 10,300 acre-feet per year, and estimated inflow from ungaged perennial drainages totaled 15,600 acre-feet per year. The annual flow of perennial streams ranges from 4,210 acre-feet at Clear Creek to 450 acre-feet at Stutler Canyon Creek. Differences in unit-area runoff and in the seasonal timing of flow likely are caused by differences in geologic setting, altitude, slope, or aspect of the individual drainages.\r\n\r\nThe remaining drainages are ephemeral and supply inflow to the valley floor only during spring runoff in wet years or during large precipitation events. Annual unit-area runoff for the perennial drainages was used to estimate inflow from ephemeral drainages totaling 11,700 acre-feet per year.\r\n\r\nThe totaled estimate of perennial and ephemeral tributary inflows to Carson Valley is 37,600 acre-feet per year. Gaged perennial inflow is 27 percent of the total, ungaged perennial inflow is 42 percent, and ephemeral inflow is 31 percent. The estimate is from 50 to 60 percent greater than three previous estimates, one made for a larger area and similar to two other estimates made for larger areas. The combined uncertainty of the estimates totaled about 33 percent of the total inflow or about 12,000 acre-feet per year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045179","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Watkins, S.A., and Burrowws, R.L., 2004, Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5179, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045179.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, Sharon A.","contributorId":93880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burrowws, Robert L.","contributorId":65922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrowws","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58031,"text":"sir20045128 - 2004 - Water-quality and biological conditions in the Lower Boise River, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho, 1994-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:29","indexId":"sir20045128","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5128","title":"Water-quality and biological conditions in the Lower Boise River, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho, 1994-2002","docAbstract":"The water quality and biotic integrity of the lower Boise River between Lucky Peak Dam and the river's mouth near Parma, Idaho, have been affected by agricultural land and water use, wastewater treatment facility discharge, urbanization, reservoir operations, and river channel alteration. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and cooperators have studied water-quality and biological aspects of the lower Boise River in the past to address water-quality concerns and issues brought forth by the Clean Water Act of 1977. Past and present issues include preservation of beneficial uses of the river for fisheries, recreation, and irrigation; and maintenance of high-quality water for domestic and agricultural uses. Evaluation of the data collected from 1994 to 2002 by the USGS revealed increases in constituent concentrations in the lower Boise in a downstream direction. Median suspended sediment concentrations from Diversion Dam (downstream from Lucky Peak Dam) to Parma increased more than 11 times, nitrogen concentrations increased more than 8 times, phosphorus concentrations increased more than 7 times, and fecal coliform concentrations increased more than 400 times. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, used as an indicator of nutrient input and the potential for nuisance algal growth, also increased in a downstream direction; median concentrations were highest at the Middleton and Parma sites. There were no discernible temporal trends in nutrients, sediment, or bacteria concentrations over the 8-year study. \r\n\r\nThe State of Idaho?s temperature standards to protect coldwater biota and salmonid spawning were exceeded most frequently at Middleton and Parma. Suspended sediment concentrations exceeded criteria proposed by Idaho Department of Environmental Quality most frequently at Parma and at all but three tributaries. Total nitrogen concentrations at Glenwood, Middleton, and Parma exceeded national background levels; median flow-adjusted total nitrogen concentrations at Middleton and Parma were higher than those in undeveloped basins sampled nationwide by the USGS. Total phosphorus concentrations at Glenwood, Middleton, and Parma also exceeded those in undeveloped basins.\r\n\r\nMacroinvertebrate and fish communities were used to evaluate the long-term integration of water-quality contaminants and loss of habitat in the lower Boise. Biological integrity of the macroinvertebrate population was assessed with the attributes (metrics) of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness and metrics used in the Idaho River Macroinvertebrate Index (RMI): taxa richness; EPT richness; percent dominant taxon; percent Elmidae (riffle beetles); and percent predators. Average EPT was about 10, and RMI scores were frequently below 16, which indicated intermediate or poor water quality. The number of EPT taxa and RMI scores for the lower Boise were half those for least-impacted streams in Idaho. The fine sediment bioassessment index (FSBI) was used to evaluate macroinvertebrate sediment tolerance. The FSBI scores were lower than those for a site upstream in the Boise River Basin near Twin Springs, a site not impacted by urbanization and agriculture, which indicated that the lower Boise macroinvertebrate population may be impacted by fine sediment. Macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups and percent tolerant species, mainly at Middleton and Parma, were typical of those in areas of degraded water quality and habitat. \r\n\r\nThe biological integrity of the fish population was evaluated using the Idaho River Fish Index (RFI), which consists of the 10 metrics: number of coldwater native species, percent sculpin, percent coldwater species, percent sensitive native individuals, percent tolerant individuals, number of nonindigenous species, number of coldwater fish captured per minute of electrofishing, percent of fish with deformities (eroded fins, lesions, or tumors), number of trout age classes, and percent carp. RFI scores for lower Boise sites indicated a d","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045128","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D.E., 2004, Water-quality and biological conditions in the Lower Boise River, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho, 1994-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5128, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045128.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e731b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57931,"text":"sir20045187 - 2004 - Regional water table (2004) and water-level changes in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T15:10:48","indexId":"sir20045187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5187","title":"Regional water table (2004) and water-level changes in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"The Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins are in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in southern California. Ground water from these basins supplies a major part of the water requirements for the region. The continuous population growth in this area has resulted in ever-increasing demands on local ground-water resources. The collection and interpretation of ground-water data helps local water districts, military bases, and private citizens gain a better understanding of the ground-water flow systems, and consequently, water availability. During March and April 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies made almost 900 water-level measurements in about 740 wells in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins. These data document recent conditions and, when compared with historical data, changes in ground-water levels. A water-level contour map was drawn using data from 500 wells, providing coverage for most of the basins. In addition, 26 long-term (as much as 74 years) hydrographs were constructed which show water-level conditions throughout the basins, 9 short-term (1992 to 2004) hydrographs were constructed which show the effects of recharge and discharge along the Mojave River, and a water-level-change map was compiled to compare 2002 and 2004 water levels throughout the basins. The water-level change data show that in the Mojave River ground-water basin, more than one half (102) of the wells had water-level declines of 0.5 ft or more and almost one fifth (32) of the wells had declines greater than 5 ft. between 2002 and 2004. The water-level change data also show that about one tenth (17) of the wells compared in the Mojave River ground-water basin had water level increases of 0.5 ft or more. Most of the water-level increases were the result of stormflow in the Mojave River during March 2004, which resulted in recharge to wells in the floodplain aquifer mainly along the river in the Alto subarea and the Transition zone, and along the river east of Barstow. In the Morongo ground-water basin, nearly one half (55) of the wells had water-level declines of 0.5 ft or more, and about one tenth (13) of the wells had declines greater than 5 ft. The Warren subbasin, where artificial-recharge operations in Yucca Valley (pl. 1) have caused water levels to rise, had water-level increases of as much as about 97 ft since 2002.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045187","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Huff, J., Predmore, S.K., and Clark, D.A., 2004, Regional water table (2004) and water-level changes in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5187, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045187.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272924,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/cont2004.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.663376,34.114644 ], [ -117.663376,35.053578 ], [ -116.058686,35.053578 ], [ -116.058686,34.114644 ], [ -117.663376,34.114644 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634db5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huff, Julia A.","contributorId":23130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Julia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Predmore, Steven K. spredmor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Predmore","given":"Steven","email":"spredmor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":58085,"text":"sir20045086 - 2004 - Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, August 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:25:43.301305","indexId":"sir20045086","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5086","displayTitle":"Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, August 2002","title":"Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, August 2002","docAbstract":"Inland lakes are an important economic and environmental resource for Michigan. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality have been cooperatively monitoring the quality of selected lakes in Michigan through the Lake Water Quality Assessment program. Through this program, approximately 730 of Michigan's 11,000 inland lakes will be monitored once during this 15-year study. Targeted lakes will be sampled during spring turnover and again in late summer to characterize water quality. Because more extensive and more frequent sampling is not economically feasible in the Lake Water Quality Assessment program, the U.S. Geological Survey and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality investigate the use of satellite imagery as a means of estimating water quality in unsampled lakes. Satellite imagery has been successfully used in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and elsewhere to compute the trophic state of inland lakes from predicted secchi-disk measurements. Previous attempts of this kind in Michigan resulted in a poorer fit between observed and predicted data than was found for Minnesota or Wisconsin. This study tested whether estimates could be improved by using atmospherically corrected satellite imagery, whether a more appropriate regression model could be obtained for Michigan, and whether chlorophyll a concentrations could be reliably predicted from satellite imagery in order to compute trophic state of inland lakes. Although the atmospheric-correction did not significantly improve estimates of lake-water quality, a new regression equation was identified that consistently yielded better results than an equation obtained from the literature. A stepwise regression was used to determine an equation that accurately predicts chlorophyll a concentrations in northern Lower Michigan.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045086","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., Aichele, S., and Minnerick, R., 2004, Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, August 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5086, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045086.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045086.JPG"},{"id":410501,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70088.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4621197610333,\n 41.7005492074386\n ],\n [\n -82.87874274426865,\n 42.47704087035348\n ],\n [\n -82.5287814137583,\n 42.613968012911045\n ],\n [\n -82.36279238359029,\n 43.03016768623394\n ],\n [\n -82.64427906414696,\n 44.08509124957334\n ],\n [\n -83.33871904936873,\n 44.01723067791758\n ],\n [\n -83.69663360265768,\n 43.733946110444094\n ],\n [\n -83.49099714878764,\n 44.07395443428146\n ],\n [\n -83.14031214755619,\n 44.512102724700156\n ],\n [\n -83.32215159447215,\n 45.2459354885784\n ],\n [\n -84.73535132672819,\n 45.83201754498327\n ],\n [\n -84.94178324714846,\n 45.8318154213128\n ],\n [\n -85.41004708484134,\n 45.29508658478039\n ],\n [\n -85.76802320002908,\n 45.13724245439744\n ],\n [\n -86.12219472245512,\n 44.91208222275486\n ],\n [\n -86.30156858558752,\n 44.65519093090461\n ],\n [\n -86.55502552105543,\n 43.88908936460433\n ],\n [\n -86.5893871509366,\n 43.53546696082097\n ],\n [\n -86.26764157784845,\n 42.889758352669446\n ],\n [\n -86.40356039281355,\n 42.31368842246988\n ],\n [\n -86.70196448426623,\n 41.7435179883839\n ],\n [\n -84.77642609600304,\n 41.75310029199113\n ],\n [\n -83.4621197610333,\n 41.7005492074386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58083,"text":"sir20045102 - 2004 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:52:15","indexId":"sir20045102","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5102","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","docAbstract":"

As a part of the Texas Water Development Board Ground- Water Availability Modeling program, the U.S. Geological Survey developed and tested a numerical finite-difference (MODFLOW) model to simulate ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in Texas from predevelopment (before 1891) through 2000. The model is intended to be a tool that water-resource managers can use to address future ground-water-availability issues.

From land surface downward, the Chicot aquifer, the Evangeline aquifer, the Burkeville confining unit, the Jasper aquifer, and the Catahoula confining unit are the hydrogeologic units of the Gulf Coast aquifer system. Withdrawals of large quantities of ground water have resulted in potentiometric surface (head) declines in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and land-surface subsidence (primarily in the Houston area) from depressurization and compaction of clay layers interbedded in the aquifer sediments. In a generalized conceptual model of the aquifer system, water enters the ground-waterflow system in topographically high outcrops of the hydrogeologic units in the northwestern part of the approximately 25,000-square-mile model area. Water that does not discharge to streams flows to intermediate and deep zones of the system southeastward of the outcrop areas where it is discharged by wells and by upward leakage in topographically low areas near the coast. The uppermost parts of the aquifer system, which include outcrop areas, are under water-table conditions. As depth increases in the aquifer system and as interbedded sand and clay accumulate, water-table conditions evolve into confined conditions.

The model comprises four layers, one for each of the hydrogeologic units of the aquifer system except the Catahoula confining unit, the assumed no-flow base of the system. Each layer consists of 137 rows and 245 columns of uniformly spaced grid blocks, each block representing 1 square mile. Lateral no-flow boundaries were located on the basis of outcrop extent (northwestern), major streams (southwestern, northeastern), and downdip limit of freshwater (southeastern). The MODFLOW general-head boundary package was used to simulate recharge and discharge in the outcrops of the hydrogeologic units. Simulation of land-surface subsidence (actually, compaction of clays) and release of water from storage in the clays of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was accomplished using the Interbed-Storage Package designed for use with the MODFLOW model. The model was calibrated by trial-anderror adjustment of selected model input data in a series of transient simulations until the model output (potentiometric surfaces, land-surface subsidence, and selected water-budget components) reasonably reproduced field measured (or estimated) aquifer responses.

Model calibration comprised four elements: The first was qualitative comparison of simulated and measured heads in the aquifers for 1977 and 2000; and quantitative comparison by computation and areal distribution of the root-mean-square error between simulated and measured heads. The second calibration element was comparison of simulated and measured hydrographs from wells in the aquifers in a number of counties throughout the modeled area. The third calibration element was comparison of simulated water-budget components\u0014primarily recharge and discharge\u0014to estimates of physically reasonable ranges of actual water-budget components. The fourth calibration element was comparison of simulated land-surface subsidence from predevelopment to 2000 to measured land surface subsidence from 1906 through 1995.


","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045102","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Robinson, J.L., 2004, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5102, vii, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045102.","productDescription":"vii, 103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5102/pdf/sir2004-5102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":6008,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.02099609374999,\n 31.998759371947294\n ],\n [\n -94.23522949218749,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -94.9932861328125,\n 31.503629305773003\n ],\n [\n -95.63049316406249,\n 31.08586989620833\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 30.49128445210015\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 30.268556249047702\n ],\n [\n -97.20153808593749,\n 30.102365696412395\n ],\n [\n -97.32238769531249,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -97.41577148437499,\n 29.94541533710443\n ],\n [\n -97.37731933593749,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -97.26745605468749,\n 29.69759650228319\n ],\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 29.506549442788593\n ],\n [\n -97.1026611328125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -96.95983886718749,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -96.82800292968749,\n 29.04656562272882\n ],\n [\n -96.6741943359375,\n 28.839861937967964\n ],\n [\n -96.62475585937499,\n 28.680949728554964\n ],\n [\n -96.55334472656249,\n 28.5266224186481\n ],\n [\n -96.427001953125,\n 28.36240173523821\n ],\n [\n -96.28967285156249,\n 28.386567819657188\n ],\n [\n -96.16882324218749,\n 28.46386226886912\n ],\n [\n -95.833740234375,\n 28.6038144078413\n ],\n [\n -95.19104003906249,\n 28.945668833650483\n ],\n [\n -94.72961425781249,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -94.69116210937499,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -94.1583251953125,\n 29.60211821164731\n ],\n [\n -93.94958496093749,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -93.8287353515625,\n 29.664189403696138\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 29.778681776917633\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.807284450222504\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.87875534603795\n ],\n [\n -93.79577636718749,\n 29.97397024051659\n ],\n [\n -93.74633789062499,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 30.11662158281935\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 30.168875561169063\n ],\n [\n -93.68591308593749,\n 30.273300428069934\n ],\n [\n -93.72436523437499,\n 30.30650325984881\n ],\n [\n -93.74084472656249,\n 30.344435586368437\n ],\n [\n -93.73535156249999,\n 30.391830328088137\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.472348632640834\n ],\n [\n -93.7188720703125,\n 30.552800413453546\n ],\n [\n -93.680419921875,\n 30.595365565588065\n ],\n [\n -93.6199951171875,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -93.5430908203125,\n 30.831497881307918\n ],\n [\n -93.5321044921875,\n 30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n -93.526611328125,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765624999,\n 31.090574094954167\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 31.179909598664118\n ],\n [\n -93.6199951171875,\n 31.264465555752807\n ],\n [\n -93.65844726562499,\n 31.353636941500962\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 31.447410291428696\n ],\n [\n -93.79577636718749,\n 31.550452675471472\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 31.732839253650067\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609374999,\n 31.998759371947294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62539f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, James L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58082,"text":"ofr20041372 - 2004 - Whole rock geochemical data For altered and mineralized rocks, Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag District, western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:20:14","indexId":"ofr20041372","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1372","title":"Whole rock geochemical data For altered and mineralized rocks, Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag District, western Brooks Range, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041372","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Kelley, K., and Clark, J., 2004, Whole rock geochemical data For altered and mineralized rocks, Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag District, western Brooks Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1372, web only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041372.","productDescription":"web only","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":183351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1372/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":51847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jeffrey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57990,"text":"sir20045205 - 2004 - Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California -- hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57990,"text":"sir20045205 - 2004 - Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California -- hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model","indexId":"sir20045205","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California -- hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98619,"text":"pp1711 - 2010 - Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California: Hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model","indexId":"pp1711","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California: Hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98619,"text":"pp1711 - 2010 - Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California: Hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model","indexId":"pp1711","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California: Hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:06:04","indexId":"sir20045205","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5205","title":"Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California -- hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"A numerical three-dimensional (3D) transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley region was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Department of Energy programs at the Nevada Test Site and at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Decades of study of aspects of the ground-water flow system and previous less extensive ground-water flow models were incorporated and reevaluated together with new data to provide greater detail for the complex, digital model. \r\n\r\nA 3D digital hydrogeologic framework model (HFM) was developed from digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, geologic and hydrogeologic cross sections, and other 3D models to represent the geometry of the hydrogeologic units (HGUs). Structural features, such as faults and fractures, that affect ground-water flow also were added. The HFM represents Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic to Cenozoic intrusive rocks, Cenozoic volcanic tuffs and lavas, and late Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System (DVRFS) region in 27 HGUs. \r\n\r\nInformation from a series of investigations was compiled to conceptualize and quantify hydrologic components of the ground-water flow system within the DVRFS model domain and to provide hydraulic-property and head-observation data used in the calibration of the transient-flow model. These studies reevaluated natural ground-water discharge occurring through evapotranspiration and spring flow; the history of ground-water pumping from 1913 through 1998; ground-water recharge simulated as net infiltration; model boundary inflows and outflows based on regional hydraulic gradients and water budgets of surrounding areas; hydraulic conductivity and its relation to depth; and water levels appropriate for regional simulation of prepumped and pumped conditions within the DVRFS model domain. Simulation results appropriate for the regional extent and scale of the model were provided by acquiring additional data, by reevaluating existing data using current technology and concepts, and by refining earlier interpretations to reflect the current understanding of the regional ground-water flow system. \r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the Death Valley region is composed of several interconnected, complex ground-water flow systems. Ground-water flow occurs in three subregions in relatively shallow and localized flow paths that are superimposed on deeper, regional flow paths. Regional ground-water flow is predominantly through a thick Paleozoic carbonate rock sequence affected by complex geologic structures from regional faulting and fracturing that can enhance or impede flow. Spring flow and evapotranspiration (ET) are the dominant natural ground-water discharge processes. Ground water also is withdrawn for agricultural, commercial, and domestic uses.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the DVRFS was simulated using MODFLOW-2000, a 3D finite-difference modular ground-water flow modeling code that incorporates a nonlinear least-squares regression technique to estimate aquifer parameters. The DVRFS model has 16 layers of defined thickness, a finite-difference grid consisting of 194 rows and 160 columns, and uniform cells 1,500 m on each side. \r\n\r\nPrepumping conditions (before 1913) were used as the initial conditions for the transient-state calibration. The model uses annual stress periods with discrete recharge and discharge components. Recharge occurs mostly from infiltration of precipitation and runoff on high mountain ranges and from a small amount of underflow from adjacent basins. Discharge occurs primarily through ET and spring discharge (both simulated as drains) and water withdrawal by pumping and, to a lesser amount, by underflow to adjacent basins, also simulated by drains. All parameter values estimated by the regression are reasonable and within the range of expected values. The simulated hydraulic heads of the final calibrated transient model gener","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045205","usgsCitation":"2004, Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California -- hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5205, 408 p.; 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045205.","productDescription":"408 p.; 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728ae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R.","contributorId":79446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58080,"text":"sir20045072 - 2004 - Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:26:40.257821","indexId":"sir20045072","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5072","title":"Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Source areas to public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway were identified by use of hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking analyses to help protect public supplies from contaminant spills and discharges. This report describes techniques used to identify these areas and illustrates typical results using selected points on St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair. Parameterization of an existing two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2) of the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway was enhanced to improve estimation of local flow velocities. Improvements in simulation accuracy were achieved by computing channel roughness coefficients as a function of flow depth, and determining eddy viscosity coefficients on the basis of velocity data. The enhanced parameterization was combined with refinements in the model mesh near 13 public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway to improve the resolution of flow velocities while maintaining consistency with flow and water-level data. Scenarios representing a range of likely flow and wind conditions were developed for hydrodynamic simulation. Particle-tracking analyses combined advective movements described by hydrodynamic scenarios with random components associated with sub-grid-scale movement and turbulent mixing to identify source areas to public water intakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045072","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., and Koschik, J.A., 2004, Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5072, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045072.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":183349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045072.JPG"},{"id":6005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414056,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70093.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair-Detroit River waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.31181603689524,\n 43.020807585200316\n ],\n [\n -82.76859775609499,\n 43.020807585200316\n ],\n [\n -82.76859775609499,\n 42.464958086223476\n ],\n [\n -82.31181603689524,\n 42.464958086223476\n ],\n [\n -82.31181603689524,\n 43.020807585200316\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, John A.","contributorId":24020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57936,"text":"sir20045063 - 2004 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation 4. Historical surface-water quality for the Red River Valley, New Mexico, 1965 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T19:29:32.908395","indexId":"sir20045063","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5063","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation 4. Historical surface-water quality for the Red River Valley, New Mexico, 1965 to 2001","docAbstract":"Historical water-quality samples collected from the Red River over the past 35 years were compiled, reviewed for quality, and evaluated to determine influences on water quality over time. Hydrologic conditions in the Red River were found to have a major effect on water quality. The lowest sulfate concentrations were associated with the highest flow events, especially peak, rising limb, and falling limb conditions. The highest sulfate concentrations were associated with the early part of the rising limb of summer thunderstorm events and early snowmelt runoff, transient events that can be difficult to capture as part of planned sampling programs but were observed in some of the data. The first increase in flows in the spring, or during summer thunderstorm events, causes a flushing of sulfide oxidation products from scars and mine-disturbed areas to the Red River before being diluted by rising river waters.\r\n\r\nA trend of increasing sulfate concentrations and loads over long time periods also was noted at the Questa Ranger Station gage on the Red River, possibly related to mining activities, because the same trend is not apparent for concentrations upstream. This trend was only apparent when the dynamic events of snowmelt and summer rainstorms were eliminated and only low-flow concentrations were considered. An increase in sulfate concentrations and loads over time was not seen at locations upstream from the Molycorp, Inc., molybdenum mine and downstream from scar areas. Sulfate concentrations and loads and zinc concentrations downstream from the mine were uniformly higher, and alkalinity values were consistently lower, than those upstream from the mine, suggesting that additional sources of sulfate, zinc, and acidity enter the river in the vicinity of the mine. During storm events, alkalinity values decreased both upstream and downstream of the mine, indicating that natural sources, most likely scar areas, can cause short-term changes in the buffering capacity of the Red River.\r\n\r\nThe major-element water chemistry of the Red River is controlled by dissolution of calcite and gypsum and the oxidation of pyrite, and the river is generally not well buffered with respect to pH. During higher-flow periods, Red River water was diluted by calcium-carbonate waters, most likely from unmineralized Red River tributaries and areas upstream from scars. The effect of pyrite oxidation on Red River water chemistry was more pronounced after the early 1980's. Elevated zinc concentrations were most apparent during summer thunderstorm and rising limb times, which also were associated with a decrease in alkalinity and an increase in sulfate concentrations and conductivity. The water-quality results demonstrate that it is critical to consider hydrologic conditions when interpreting water chemistry in naturally mineralized or mined drainages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045063","usgsCitation":"Maest, A.S., Nordstrom, D.K., and LoVetere, S.H., 2004, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation 4. Historical surface-water quality for the Red River Valley, New Mexico, 1965 to 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5063, v, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045063.","productDescription":"v, 150 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70310.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5878,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.575,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.575,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.575,\n 36.667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maest, Ann S.","contributorId":26003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LoVetere, Sara H.","contributorId":89594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LoVetere","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56323,"text":"ofr20041225 - 2004 - Development and Calibration of Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of the Tanana River near Tok, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:44:15","indexId":"ofr20041225","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1225","title":"Development and Calibration of Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of the Tanana River near Tok, Alaska","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and hydraulic data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the Tanana River in proximity to Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities' bridge number 505 at mile 80.5 of the Alaska Highway. Data were collected from August 7-9, 2002, over an approximate 5,000- foot reach of the river. These data were combined with topographic data provided by Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to generate a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model.\r\n\r\nThe hydrodynamic model was calibrated with water-surface elevations, flow velocities, and flow directions collected at a discharge of 25,600 cubic feet per second. The calibrated model was then used for a simulation of the 100-year recurrence interval discharge of 51,900 cubic feet per second. The existing bridge piers were removed from the model geometry in a second simulation to model the hydraulic conditions in the channel without the piers' influence. The water-surface elevations, flow velocities, and flow directions from these simulations can be used to evaluate the influence of the piers on flow hydraulics and will assist the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities in the design of a replacement bridge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041225","usgsCitation":"Conaway, J.S., and Moran, E.H., 2004, Development and Calibration of Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of the Tanana River near Tok, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1225, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041225.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5699,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66733f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58045,"text":"sir20045157 - 2004 - August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:15","indexId":"sir20045157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5157","title":"August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating August median streamflow were developed for ungaged, unregulated streams in eastern coastal Maine. The methods apply to streams with drainage areas ranging in size from 0.04 to 73.2 square miles and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer ranging from 0 to 71 percent. The equations were developed with data from three long-term (greater than or equal to 10 years of record) continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 23 partial-record streamflow- gaging stations, and 5 short-term (less than 10 years of record) continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. A mathematical technique for estimating a standard low-flow statistic, August median streamflow, at partial-record streamflow-gaging stations and short-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations was applied by relating base-flow measurements at these stations to concurrent daily streamflows at nearby long-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations (index stations). Generalized least-squares regression analysis (GLS) was used to relate estimates of August median streamflow at streamflow-gaging stations to basin characteristics at these same stations to develop equations that can be applied to estimate August median streamflow on ungaged streams. GLS accounts for different periods of record at the gaging stations and the cross correlation of concurrent streamflows among gaging stations. Thirty-one stations were used for the final regression equations. \r\n\r\nTwo basin characteristics?drainage area and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer?are used in the calculated regression equation to estimate August median streamflow for ungaged streams. The equation has an average standard error of prediction from -27 to 38 percent. A one-variable equation uses only drainage area to estimate August median streamflow when less accuracy is acceptable. This equation has an average standard error of prediction from -30 to 43 percent. Model error is larger than sampling error for both equations, indicating that additional or improved estimates of basin characteristics could be important to improved estimates of low-flow statistics.\r\n\r\nWeighted estimates of August median streamflow at partial- record or continuous-record gaging stations range from 0.003 to 31.0 cubic feet per second or from 0.1 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. Estimates of August median streamflow on ungaged streams in eastern coastal Maine, within the range of acceptable explanatory variables, range from 0.003 to 45 cubic feet per second or 0.1 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. Estimates of August median streamflow per square mile of drainage area generally increase as drainage area and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer increase.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045157","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2004, August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5157, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045157.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5975,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4809e4b07f02db4d27a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58047,"text":"sir20045166 - 2004 - Water resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Snohomish County, Washington, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:15","indexId":"sir20045166","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5166","title":"Water resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Snohomish County, Washington, 2001-03","docAbstract":"This study was undertaken to improve the understanding of water resources of the Tulalip Plateau area, with a primary emphasis on the Tulalip Indian Reservation, in order to address concerns of the Tulalip Tribes about the effects of current and future development, both on and off the Reservation, on their water resources. The drinking-water supply for the Reservation comes almost entirely from ground water, so increasing population will continue to put more pressure on this resource. The study evaluated the current state of ground- and surface-water resources and comparing results with those of studies in the 1970s and 1980s. The study included updating descriptions of the hydrologic framework and ground-water system, determining if discharge and base flow in streams and lake stage have changed significantly since the 1970s, and preparing new estimates of the water budget.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic framework was described using data collected from 255 wells, including their location and lithology. Data collected for the Reservation water budget included continuous and periodic streamflow measurements, micrometeorological data including daily precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation, water-use data, and atmospheric chloride deposition collected under both wet- and dry-deposition conditions to estimate ground-water recharge.\r\n\r\nThe Tulalip Plateau is composed of unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age that are mostly of glacial origin. There are three aquifers and two confining units as well as two smaller units that are only localized in extent. The Vashon recessional outwash (Qvr) is the smallest of the three aquifers and lies in the Marysville Trough on the eastern part of the study area. The primary aquifer in terms of use is the Vashon advance outwash (Qva). The Vashon till (Qvt) and the transitional beds (Qtb) act as confining units. The Vashon till overlies Qva and the transitional beds underlie Qva and separate it from the undifferentiated sediments (Qu), which are also a principal aquifer of the plateau. The undifferentiated-sediments aquifer is present throughout the entire study area, but is not well defined because few wells penetrate it. Ground water flows radially outward from the center of the Plateau in the Vashon advance outwash aquifer. \r\n\r\nWater levels fluctuate seasonally in all hydrogeologic units in response to changes in precipitation over the course of the year. However, water levels do not appear to have changed significantly over the long term. There was no statistically significant change between water levels measured in 72 wells in the early 1990s and 2001. Additionally, when a rank sum test was used to compare monthly water levels measured in 18 wells for this study with monthly water levels from the 1970s and 1980s, water levels increased in some wells, decreased in some, and did not change significantly in others.\r\n\r\nGround water in the study area is recharged from precipitation that percolates down from the land surface. Average annual recharge, estimated using the chloride-mass-balance method, was 10.4 inches per year.\r\n\r\nCurrent streamflow conditions on the Reservation were defined by four continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations operated from April 2001 through March 2003 and monthly measurements of discharge at 12 periodic-measurement sites. Two continuous-record gaging stations (12157250 and 12158040) near the mouths of Mission and Tulalip Creeks, respectively, also were operated during water years 1975-77. \r\n\r\nCorrelations of streamflow for Mission and Tulalip Creeks with the long-term record of streamflow at Mercer Creek (station 12120000) indicate no significant change in streamflow between the mid-1970s and 2001?03 in Mission and Tulalip Creeks. However, comparisons between the percentage of change in precipitation at the Everett precipitation station and percentages of change in streamflow at the Mercer, Mission, and Tulalip Creek gaging stations from the mid-1970s through 2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045166","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., and Kresch, D.L., 2004, Water resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Snohomish County, Washington, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5166, 98 p., and 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045166.","productDescription":"98 p., and 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5977,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresch, David L.","contributorId":46084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}