We examined potential sources and the temporal dynamics of arsenic (As) in the slightly alkaline waters of the Wallkill River, northwestern New Jersey, where violations of water-quality standards have occurred. The study design included synoptic sampling of stream water and bed sediments in tributaries and the mainstem, hyporheic-zone/ground water on the mainstem, and seasonal and diurnal sampling of water at selected mainstem sites. The river valley is bordered by gneiss and granite highlands and shale lowlands and underlain by glacial deposits over faulted dolomites and the Franklin Marble. Ore bodies in the Marble, which have been mined for rare Zn ore minerals, also contain As minerals. Tributaries, which drain predominantly forested and agricultural land, contributed relatively little As to the river. The highest concentrations of As (up to 34 μg/L) emanated from the outlet of man-made Lake Mohawk at the river's headwaters; these inputs varied substantially with season—high during warm months, low during cold months, apparently because of biological activity in the lake. Dissolved As concentrations were lower (3.3 μg/L) in river water than those in ground water discharging into the riverbed (22 μg/L) near the now-closed Franklin Mine. High total As concentrations (100–190 mg/kg) on the < 0.63 μm fraction of bed sediments near the mine apparently result from sorption of the As in the ground-water discharge as well as from the As minerals in the streambed. As concentrations in river water were diluted during high stream flow in fall, winter and spring, and concentrated during low flow in summer. In unfiltered samples from a wetlands site, diurnal cycles in trace-element concentrations occurred; As concentrations appeared to peak during late afternoon as pH increased, but Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked shortly after midnight. The temporal variability of As and its presence at elevated concentrations in ground water and sediments as well as streamwater demonstrate the importance of (1) sampling a variety of media and (2) determining the time scales of As variability to fully characterize its passage through a river system.
In this study, an outdoor pool experiment was used to evaluate the effect of prey resources during 4 months before spawning on the gonadal investments of male and female white crappie Pomoxis annularis, a popular freshwater sportfish that exhibits erratic recruitment. Fish were assigned one of three feeding treatments: starved, fed once every 5 days (intermediate) or fed daily (high). All measurements of male testes (i.e. wet mass, energy density and spermatocrit) were similar across treatments. Conversely, high-fed females produced larger ovaries than those of intermediate-fed and starved fish, and invested more energy in their ovaries than starved fish. Compared to pre-experiment fish, starved and intermediate-fed females appeared to increase their ovary size by relying on liver energy stores (‘capital’ spawning). Conversely, high-fed females increased liver and gonad mass, implying an ‘income’-spawning strategy (where gonads are built from recently acquired energy). Fecundity did not differ among treatments, but high-fed fish built larger eggs than those starved. Females rarely ‘skipped’ spawning opportunities when prey resources were low, as only 8% of starved females and 8% of intermediate-fed females lacked vitellogenic eggs. These results suggest that limited prey resources during the months before spawning can limit ovary production, which, in turn, can limit reproductive success of white crappies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01459.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Thomas, S., and Stein, R., 2007, Prey resources before spawning influence gonadal investment of female, but not male, white crappie: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1838-1854, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01459.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1838","endPage":"1854","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1811/44508","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01459.x"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b82e4b0c8380cd7e281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, S.E.","contributorId":10622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.A.","contributorId":43893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029932,"text":"70029932 - 2007 - Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029932","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California","docAbstract":"Serpentine vegetation in California ranges from forest to shrubland and grassland, harbors many rare and endemic species, and is only moderately altered by invasive exotic species at the present time. To better understand the factors regulating the distribution of common/representative species, endemic/rare species, and the threat of exotics in this important flora, we analyzed broad-scale community patterns and environmental conditions in a geographically stratified set of samples from across the state. We considered three major classes of environmental influences: climate (especially precipitation), soils (especially the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio), and the indirect influences of climate on soils. We used ordination to identify the major axes of variation in common species abundances, structural equation models to analyze the relationship of community axes and endemic and exotic species richness to the environment, and group analysis techniques to identify consistent groupings of species and characterize their properties. We found that community variation could be explained by a two-axis ordination. One axis ranged from conifer forest to grassland and was strongly related to precipitation. The second axis ranged from chaparral to grassland and had little relationship to current environmental conditions, suggesting a possible role for successional history. Precipitation and elevation were respectively the largest influences on endemic and exotic richness, followed by Mg 2+/Ca2+. The results also support the idea that long-term precipitation patterns have altered the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio via selective leaching, resulting in indirect influences on endemics (positive) and exotics (negative) but not affecting the abundances of common species. We discuss implications of these findings for the conservation of the California serpentine flora. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., Safford, H., and Harrison, S., 2007, Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California, in Plant and Soil, v. 293, no. 1-2, p. 121-132, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6"}],"volume":"293","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4492e4b0c8380cd66bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, H.D.","contributorId":22293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":76129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029947,"text":"70029947 - 2007 - Territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T10:00:40","indexId":"70029947","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii)","docAbstract":"We investigated territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal behavior in cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) throughout the annual cycle using radiotelemetry and color-band resights. Mean home-range size was 6.3 ha and territories were 8.1 ha. Within territories, Micronesian Kingfishers shared 63% of their home-range space with coterritorial occupants, and 3% was shared with extraterritorial conspecifics. Birds on cooperative territories had larger home ranges that overlapped more with coterritory occupants' home ranges than birds in pair-held territories. Despite evidence suggesting that resources necessary for survival and reproduction occurred on each territory, Micronesian Kingfishers of all age and sex classes made extraterritorial prospecting movements. Prospecting was rare; it comprised only 4.3% of our observations. When birds departed on forays, they were gone for ∼1.9 h and returned to home territories before sunset. Prospecting by dominant birds was temporally correlated with courtship and nest initiation, and birds were observed at neighboring nest sites with opposite-sex conspecifics during the period when females were available for fertilization. Juveniles and helpers prospected throughout the year and made repeated homesteading movements to dispersal destinations before dispersing. Mean dispersal distance for radiomarked individuals was 849 m. Results suggest that prospecting in Micronesian Kingfishers is a complex behavior that provides information for dispersal decisions and familiarity with dispersal destinations. Additionally, extraterritorial movements may provide covert opportunities for reproduction, which have potential to profoundly influence the distribution of fitness among helper and dominant Micronesian Kingfishers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[381:TPADIC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D., and Haig, S.M., 2007, Territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii): The Auk, v. 124, no. 2, p. 381-395, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[381:TPADIC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"395","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[381:tpadic]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba56ae4b08c986b320a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, D.C.","contributorId":96485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029959,"text":"70029959 - 2007 - Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029959","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework","docAbstract":"1. Although population surveys often provide information on multiple species, these data are rarely analysed within a multiple-species framework despite the potential for more efficient estimation of population parameters. 2. We have developed a multiple-species modelling framework that uses similarities in capture/detection processes among species to model multiple species data more parsimoniously. We present examples of this approach applied to distance, time of detection and multiple observer sampling for avian point count data. 3. Models that included species as a covariate and individual species effects were generally selected as the best models for distance sampling, but group models without species effects performed best for the time of detection and multiple observer methods. Population estimates were more precise for no-species-effect models than for species-effect models, demonstrating the benefits of exploiting species' similarities when modelling multiple species data. Partial species-effect models and additive models were also useful because they modelled similarities among species while allowing for species differences. 4. Synthesis and applications. We recommend the adoption of multiple-species modelling because of its potential for improved population estimates. This framework will be particularly beneficial for modelling count data from rare species because information on the detection process can be 'borrowed' from more common species. The multiple-species modelling framework presented here is applicable to a wide range of sampling techniques and taxa. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, M., Pollock, K.H., Simons, T., and Shriner, S., 2007, Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 281-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x.","startPage":"281","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476979,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x"},{"id":240686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a608fe4b0c8380cd71538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, M.W.","contributorId":50263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriner, S.A.","contributorId":26405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriner","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033013,"text":"70033013 - 2007 - Lateral variation in geochemistry, petrology, and palynology in the Elswick coal bed, Pike County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033013","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral variation in geochemistry, petrology, and palynology in the Elswick coal bed, Pike County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The Middle Pennsylvanian/Langsettian (Westphalian A) Elswick coal bed, correlative to the Upper Banner of Virginia, is a rare example of a mined high-sulfur (> 2%) coal in Eastern Kentucky, a region known for low-sulfur coals. To characterize lateral variation in the geochemistry, petrography, and palynology of the Elswick coal bed, three sites were sampled along a southeast-northwest transect within a single mine. At the southeastern site, the lower 101??cm of the 116-cm thick coal is dull, generally dominated by durain and dull clarain. While all benches at this site fit within the previously-defined \"mixed palynoflora - moderate/low vitrinite group,\" suggesting a stressed environment of deposition, the palynology of the benches of the dull interval show greater diversity than might be expected just from the petrology. Lithology is generally similar between the sites, but each site has some differences in the petrology. Overall, the coal bed shows significant lateral variation in properties at the mine scale, some of which can be attributed to the gain or loss of upper and lower lithologies, either through an actual physical merging or through the change in character of lithotypes. Sulfur content varies between the three sites examined for this study. Site 3, located in the northwestern portion of the study area is characterized by a strikingly high sulfur zone (7.45%) in the middle of the coal bed, a feature missing at the other sites. Pyrite and marcasite, in a mid-seam lithotype at the northwestern site (site 3), show signs of overgrowths, indicating multiple generations of sulfide emplacement. The high-sulfur site 3 lithologies all have massive overgrowths of euhedral and framboidal pyrite, fracture- and cleat-fill pyrite, and sulfide emplacement in fusinite lumens. Sulfur is high throughout the mine area, but variations are evident in the extent of secondary growth of sulfides. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.04.007","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Ruppert, L., and Eble, C., 2007, Lateral variation in geochemistry, petrology, and palynology in the Elswick coal bed, Pike County, Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 165-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.04.007.","startPage":"165","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.04.007"},{"id":240710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4577e4b0c8380cd67342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030081,"text":"70030081 - 2007 - A low diversity, seasonal tropical landscape dominated by conifers and peltasperms: Early Permian Abo Formation, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030081","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A low diversity, seasonal tropical landscape dominated by conifers and peltasperms: Early Permian Abo Formation, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Walchian conifers (Walchia piniformis Sternberg, 1825) and peltasperms similar to Supaia thinnfeldioides White and cf. Supaia anomala White dominate floodplain deposits of a narrow stratigraphic interval of the middle Abo Formation, Lower Permian of central New Mexico. The plant fossils occur in thinly bedded units up to two meters thick, consisting of coarse siltstone to very fine sandstone with clay partings. Bedding is primarily tabular, thin, and bears rare ripple marks and trough cross beds. Bedding surfaces display mud cracks, raindrop imprints, horizontal and vertical burrows of invertebrates, and footprints of terrestrial vertebrates. These features indicate intermittent and generally unchannelized stream flow, with repeated exposure to air. Channels appear to have cannibalized one another on a slowly subsiding coastal plain. Conifers are dominant at three collecting sites and at three others Supaia dominates. Although each of these genera occurs in assemblages dominated by the other, there are no truly co-dominant assemblages. This pattern suggests alternative explanations. Landscapes could have consisted of a small-scale vegetational patchwork dominated almost monospecifically in any one patch, meaning that these plants could have coexisted across the landscape. On the other hand, conifer and supaioid dominance could have been temporally distinct, occurring during different episodes of sedimentation; although in the field there are no noticeable sedimentological differences between conifer-dominated and Supaia-dominated channel deposits, they may represent slightly different climatic regimes. The considerable morphological differences between conifers and Supaia suggest that the floristic patterns are not a taphonomic effect of the loss of a significant part of the original biodiversity. In general, the climate under which this vegetation developed appears to have been relatively warm and arid, based on the geology (pervasive red color [oxidation], calcrete in paleosols, and abundant mud cracks evidencing ephemeral flow in streams) and biology (low floristic diversity, xeromorphic plant physiognomies). ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.11.003","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"DiMichele, W.A., Chaney, D., Nelson, W., Lucas, S.G., Looy, C., Quick, K., and Jun, W., 2007, A low diversity, seasonal tropical landscape dominated by conifers and peltasperms: Early Permian Abo Formation, New Mexico: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 249-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.11.003.","startPage":"249","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.11.003"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e441e4b0c8380cd46526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaney, D.S.","contributorId":47106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucas, S. G.","contributorId":76934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Looy, C.V.","contributorId":9091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looy","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quick, K.","contributorId":77011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jun, W.","contributorId":91689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033058,"text":"70033058 - 2007 - Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T13:56:58","indexId":"70033058","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity","docAbstract":"Declines in many native fish populations have led to reassessments of management goals and shifted priorities from consumptive uses to species preservation. As management has shifted, relevant environmental characteristics have evolved from traditional metrics that described local habitat quality to characterizations of habitat size and connectivity. Despite the implications this shift has for how habitats may be prioritized for conservation, it has been rare to assess the relative importance of these habitat components. We used an information-theoretic approach to select the best models from sets of logistic regressions that linked habitat quality, size, and connectivity to the occurrence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) nests. Spawning distributions were censused annually from 1995 to 2004, and data were complemented with field measurements that described habitat quality in 43 suitable spawning patches across a stream network that drained 1150 km 2 in central Idaho. Results indicated that the most plausible models were dominated by measures of habitat size and connectivity, whereas habitat quality was of minor importance. Connectivity was the strongest predictor of nest occurrence, but connectivity interacted with habitat size, which became relatively more important when populations were reduced. Comparison of observed nest distributions to null model predictions confirmed that the habitat size association was driven by a biological mechanism when populations were small, but this association may have been an area-related sampling artifact at higher abundances. The implications for habitat management are that the size and connectivity of existing habitat networks should be maintained whenever possible. In situations where habitat restoration is occurring, expansion of existing areas or creation of new habitats in key areas that increase connectivity may be beneficial. Information about habitat size and connectivity also could be used to strategically prioritize areas for improvement of local habitat quality, with areas not meeting minimum thresholds being deemed inappropriate for pursuit of restoration activities. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/05-1949","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., Thurow, R., Rieman, B., and Dunham, J., 2007, Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 352-364, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-1949.","startPage":"352","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1949"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5bce4b0c8380cd4c3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurow, R.F.","contributorId":69357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieman, B.E.","contributorId":67283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033114,"text":"70033114 - 2007 - Sand deposition in shoreline eddies along five Wild and Scenic Rivers, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand deposition in shoreline eddies along five Wild and Scenic Rivers, Idaho","docAbstract":"Sand bars deposited along the lateral margin of a river channel are frequently a focus of recreational activities. Sand bars are appealing sites on which to camp, picnic, fish and relax because they are relatively flat, soft, non-cohesive sand, free of vegetation and near the water's edge. The lack of vegetation and cohesion make sand bars easily erodible. Without appreciable deposition of new material, number and size of bars through a given reach of river will decline substantially over a period of years. We studied 63 beaches and their associated eddies located throughout 10 selected reaches within the designated Wild and Scenic River sections of the Lochsa, Selway, Middle Fork Clearwater, Middle Fork Salmon and Salmon Rivers in Idaho to determine the relation of beaches to the frequency and magnitude of streamflows that deposit appreciable quantities of sand. At present, these rivers have been altered little, if at all, by flow regulation, and only the Salmon River has substantial diversion upstream of a study reach. The river reaches studied have an abundance of sand bar beaches of appreciable size, in spite of suspended sand concentrations that rarely exceeded a few hundred milligrams per litre even during the largest floods. Calculated mean annual rates of deposition in an eddy vary from 5.8 to more than 100 cm depending primarily on: (1) the duration of streamflows that inundate the eddy sand bar depositions; (2) the rate of the flow exchange between the channel and an eddy and (3) the concentrations of suspended sand in the primary channel. The annual thickness of sand deposition in an eddy varies greatly from year to year depending on the duration of relatively large streamflows. Maximum annual sand depositions in an eddy are three to nine times the estimated long-term mean values. Relatively large, sustained floods deposit an appreciable portion of total deposition over a period of years. For the period of record, 1930-2002, the seven largest annual depositions, which represent more than 40% of all material deposited over the Lochsa River 21.9 km eddy, occurred in the years with the seven largest instantaneous annual peak floods. Beach area and volume for most beaches, however, are less variable year-to-year than the variation in annual deposition would indicate. Accumulative 10-year weighed deposition rate was computed to estimate the effective variability of beach deposition. Although less variable than the annual deposition, the cumulative 10-year deposition calculated for the longest hydrologic records, 71 years, existing on the Idaho Wild and Scenic Rivers varied by more than an order of magnitude from less than 20 cm to more than 220 cm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.960","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., and Vincent, K., 2007, Sand deposition in shoreline eddies along five Wild and Scenic Rivers, Idaho: River Research and Applications, v. 23, no. 1, p. 7-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.960.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.960"},{"id":241190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8692e4b08c986b316003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vincent, K.R.","contributorId":42563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030102,"text":"70030102 - 2007 - On the formation and structure of rare-earth element complexes in aqueous solutions under hydrothermal conditions with new data on gadolinium aqua and chloro complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70030102","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the formation and structure of rare-earth element complexes in aqueous solutions under hydrothermal conditions with new data on gadolinium aqua and chloro complexes","docAbstract":"Synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy experiments were made on the Gd(III) aqua and chloro complexes in low pH aqueous solutions at temperatures ranging from 25 to 500????C and at pressures up to 480??MPa using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. Analysis of fluorescence Gd L3-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra measured from a 0.006m Gd/0.16m HNO3 aqueous solution at temperatures up to 500????C and at pressures up to 260??MPa shows that the Gd-O distance of the Gd3+ aqua ion decreases steadily at a rate of ??? 0.007??A??/100????C whereas the number of coordinated H2O molecules decreases from 9.0 ?? 0.5 to 7.0 ?? 0.4. The loss of water molecules in the Gd3+ aqua ion inner hydration shell over this temperature range (a 22% reduction) is smaller than exhibited by the Yb3+ aqua ion (42% reduction) indicating that the former is significantly more stable than the later. We conjecture that the anomalous enrichment of Gd reported from measurement of REE concentrations in ocean waters may be attributed to the enhanced stability of the Gd3+ aqua ion relative to other REEs. Gd L3-edge XAFS measurements of 0.006m and 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 500????C and pressures up to 480??MPa reveal that the onset of significant Gd3+-Cl- association occurs around 300????C. Partially-hydrated stepwise inner-sphere complexes most likely of the type Gd(H2O)??-nCln+3-n occur in the chloride solutions at higher temperatures, where ?? ??? 8 at 300????C decreasing slightly to an intermediate value between 7 and 8 upon approaching 500????C. This is the first direct evidence for the occurrence of partially-hydrated REE Gd (this study) and Yb [Mayanovic, R.A., Jayanetti, S., Anderson, A.J., Bassett, W.A., Chou, I-M., 2002a. The structure of Yb3+ aquo ion and chloro complexes in aqueous solutions at up to 500 ??C and 270 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 6591-6599.] chloro complexes in hydrothermal solutions. The number of chlorides (n) of the partially-hydrated Gd(III) chloro complexes increases steadily with temperature from 0.4 ?? 0.2 to 1.7 ?? 0.3 in the 0.006m chloride solution and from 0.9 ?? 0.7 to 1.8 ?? 0.7 in the 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solution in the 300-500????C range. Conversely, the number of H2O ligands of Gd(H2O)??-nCln+3-n complexes decreases steadily from 8.9 ?? 0.4 to 5.8 ?? 0.7 in the 0.006m GdCl3 aqueous solution and from 9.0 ?? 0.5 to 5.3 ?? 1.0 in the 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solution at temperatures from 25 to 500????C. Analysis of our results shows that the chloride ions partially displace the inner-shell water molecules during Gd(III) complex formation under hydrothermal conditions. The Gd-OH2 bond of the partially-hydrated Gd(III) chloro complexes exhibits slightly smaller rates of length contraction (??? 0.005??A??/100????C) for both solutions. The structural aspects of chloride speciation of Gd(III) as measured from this study and of Yb(III) as measured from our previous experiments are consistent with the solubility of these and other REE in deep-sea hydrothermal fluids. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.004","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Mayanovic, R.A., Anderson, A.J., Bassett, W.A., and Chou, I., 2007, On the formation and structure of rare-earth element complexes in aqueous solutions under hydrothermal conditions with new data on gadolinium aqua and chloro complexes: Chemical Geology, v. 239, no. 3-4, p. 266-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.004.","startPage":"266","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.004"},{"id":240261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"239","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dcce4b0c8380cd75330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030114,"text":"70030114 - 2007 - A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:33:41","indexId":"70030114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf","docAbstract":"Although predatory behavior is traditionally described by a basic ethogram composed of 3 phases (search, pursue, and capture), behavioral studies of large terrestrial carnivores generally use the concept of a \"hunt\" to classify and measure foraging. This approach is problematic because there is no consensus on what behaviors constitute a hunt. We therefore examined how the basic ethogram could be used as a common framework for classifying large-carnivore behavior. We used >2,150 h of observed wolf (Canis lupus) behavior in Yellowstone National Park, including 517 and 134 encounters with elk (Cervus elaphus) and American bison (Bison bison), respectively, to demonstrate the functional importance of several frequently described, but rarely quantified, patterns of large-carnivore behavior not explicitly described by the basic ethogram (approaching, watching, and attacking groups). To account for these additionally important behaviors we propose a modified form of the basic ethogram (search, approach, watch, attack-group, attack-individual, and capture). We tested the applicability of this ethogram by comparing it to 31 previous classifications and descriptions involving 7 other species and 5 other wolf populations. Close correspondence among studies suggests that this ethogram may provide a generally useful scheme for classifying large-carnivore predatory behavior that is behaviorally less ambiguous than the concept of a hunt. ?? 2007 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Mech, L., and Smith, D., 2007, A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 3, p. 595-605, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"605","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477281,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-119r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e516e4b0c8380cd46aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030206,"text":"70030206 - 2007 - Stream ecosystem response to limestone treatment in acid impacted watersheds of the allegheny plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream ecosystem response to limestone treatment in acid impacted watersheds of the allegheny plateau","docAbstract":"Restoration programs are expanding worldwide, but assessments of restoration effectiveness are rare. The objectives of our study were to assess current acid-precipitation remediation programs in streams of the Allegheny Plateau ecoregion of West Virginia (USA), identify specific attributes that could and could not be fully restored, and quantify temporal trends in ecosystem recovery. We sampled water chemistry, physical habitat, periphyton biomass, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community structure in three stream types: acidic (four streams), naturally circumneutral (eight streams), and acidic streams treated with limestone sand (eight streams). We observed no temporal trends in ecosystem recovery in treated streams despite sampling streams that ranged from 2 to 20 years since initial treatment. Our results indicated that the application of limestone sand to acidic streams was effective in fully recovering some characteristics, such as pH, alkalinity, Ca2+, Ca:H ratios, trout biomass and density, and trout reproductive success. However, recovery of many other characteristics was strongly dependent upon spatial proximity to treatment, and still others were never fully recovered. For example, limestone treatment did not restore dissolved aluminum concentrations, macroinvertebrate taxon richness, and total fish biomass to circumneutral reference conditions. Full recovery may not be occurring because treated streams continue to drain acidic watersheds and remain isolated in a network of acidic streams. We propose a revised stream restoration plan for the Allegheny Plateau that includes restoring stream ecosystems as connected networks rather than isolated reaches and recognizes that full recovery of acidified watersheds may not be possible. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-0392","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"McClurg, S., Petty, J., Mazik, P.M., and Clayton, J., 2007, Stream ecosystem response to limestone treatment in acid impacted watersheds of the allegheny plateau: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1087-1104, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0392.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1104","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477192,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0392"},{"id":239223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a70e4b08c986b31c938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClurg, S.E.","contributorId":22577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClurg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J.T.","contributorId":61644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clayton, J.L.","contributorId":76767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030293,"text":"70030293 - 2007 - Testing a Mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T14:35:57","indexId":"70030293","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing a Mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Regional wildlife–habitat models are commonly developed but rarely tested with truly independent data. We tested a published habitat model for black bears (Ursus americanus) with new data collected in a different site in the same ecological region (i.e., Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA). We used a Mahalanobis distance model developed from relocations of black bears in Arkansas to produce a map layer of Mahalanobis distances on a study area in neighboring Oklahoma. We tested this modeled map layer with relocations of black bears on the Oklahoma area. The distributions of relocations of female black bears were consistent with model predictions. We conclude that this modeling approach can be used to predict regional suitability for a species of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2006-031","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Hellgren, E.C., Bales, S., Gregory, M., Leslie, D., and Clark, J.D., 2007, Testing a Mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 3, p. 924-928, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-031.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"LeFlore County","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 34.97375095431689\n ],\n [\n -94.50164794921875,\n 34.97375095431689\n ],\n [\n -94.57855224609375,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -94.61700439453125,\n 34.88142481679758\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 34.88142481679758\n ],\n [\n -94.8394775390625,\n 34.89268966339912\n ],\n [\n -94.93011474609375,\n 34.908457853981396\n ],\n [\n -95.00701904296875,\n 34.89043681762452\n ],\n [\n -95.06744384765625,\n 34.827332061981586\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 34.7461262752594\n ],\n [\n -94.98504638671875,\n 34.70097741472011\n ],\n [\n -94.86145019531249,\n 34.67613503380097\n ],\n [\n -94.73236083984375,\n 34.655803905058974\n ],\n [\n -94.6636962890625,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -94.66094970703125,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -94.69940185546875,\n 34.40011121603371\n ],\n [\n -94.7625732421875,\n 34.36837785748377\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 34.35477416538757\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -94.79827880859375,\n 34.23905366851639\n ],\n [\n -94.7735595703125,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 34.129994745824746\n ],\n [\n -94.72686767578125,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -94.52911376953125,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -94.47418212890625,\n 34.068587174791965\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 34.97375095431689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5b5e4b08c986b320c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellgren, E. C.","contributorId":40327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellgren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, S.L.","contributorId":34312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, M.S.","contributorId":96476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035606,"text":"70035606 - 2007 - The restricted gemuk group: A triassic to lower cretaceous succession in southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:31:37","indexId":"70035606","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The restricted gemuk group: A triassic to lower cretaceous succession in southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"New data from an Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous deep marine succession-the herein reinstated and restricted Gemuk Group-provide a vital piece of the puzzle for unraveling southwestern Alaska's tectonic history. First defined by Cady et al. in 1955, the Gemuk Group soon became a regional catchall unit that ended up as part of at least four different terranes. In this paper we provide the first new data in nearly half a century from the Gemuk Group in the original type area in Taylor Mountains quadrangle and from contiguous rocks to the north in Sleetmute quadrangle. Discontinuous exposure, hints of complex structure, the reconnaissance level of our mapping, and spotty age constraints together permit definition of only a rough stratigraphy. The restricted Gemuk Group is at least 2250 m thick, and could easily be at least twice as thick. The age range of the restricted Gemuk Group is tightened on the basis of ten radiolarian ages, two new bivalve ages, one conodont age, two U-Pb zircon ages on tuff, and U-Pb ages of 110 detrital zircons from two sandstones. The Triassic part of the restricted Gemuk Group, which consists of intermediate pillow lavas interbedded with siltstone, chert, and rare limestone, produced radiolarians, bivalves, and conodonts of Carnian and Norian ages. The Jurassic part appears to be mostly siltstone and chert, and yielded radiolarians of Hettangian- Sinemurian, Pliensbachian-Toarcian, and Oxfordian ages. Two tuffs near the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary record nearby arc volcanism: one at 146 Ma is interbedded with red and green siltstone, and a second at ca. 137 Ma is interbedded with graywacke turbidites. Graywacke appears to be the dominant rock type in the LowerCretaceous part of the restricted Gemuk Group. Detrital zircon analyses were performed on two sandstone samples using SHRIMP. One sandstone yielded a dominant age cluster of 133-180 Ma; the oldest grain is only 316 Ma. The second sample is dominated by zircons of 130-154 Ma; the oldest grain is 292 Ma. The youngest zircons are probably not much older than the sandstone itself. Point counts of restricted Gemuk Group sandstones yield average ratios of 24/29/47 for Q/F/L, 15/83/2 for Ls/Lv/Lm, and 41/48/11 for Qm/P/K. In the field, sandstones of the restricted Gemuk Group are not easily distinguished from sandstones of the overlying Upper Cretaceous turbidite-dominated Kuskokwim Group. Petrographically, however, the restricted Gemuk Group has modal K-feldspar, whereas the Kuskokwim Group generally does not (average Qm/P/K of 64/36/0). Some K-feldspar-bearing graywacke that was previously mapped as Kuskokwim Group (Cady et al., 1955) is here reassigned to the restricted Gemuk Group. Major- and trace element geochemistry of shales from the restricted Gemuk Group and the Kuskokwim Group show distinct differences. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) is distinctly higher forshales of the Kuskokwim Group than for those of the restricted Gemuk Group, suggesting more intense weathering during deposition of the Kuskokwim Group. The restricted Gemuk Group represents an estimated 90-100 m.y. of deep-water sedimentation, first accompanied by submarine volcanism and later by nearby explosive arc activity. Two hypotheses are presented for the tectonic setting. One model that needs additional testing is that the restricted Gemuk Group consists of imbricated oceanic plate stratigraphy. Based on available information, our preferred model is that it was deposited in a back-arc, intra-arc, or forearc basin that was subsequently deformed. The terrane affinity of the restricted Gemuk Group is uncertain. The rocks of this area were formerly assigned to the Hagemeister subterrane of the Togiak terrane-a Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous arc-but our data show this to be a poor match. None of the other possibilities (e.g., Nukluk and Tikchik subterranes of the Goodnews terrane) is viable; hence, the terrane subdivision and distribution in southwestern Alaska may need","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(12)","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.L., Bradley, D.C., Bundtzen, T.K., Blodgett, R.B., Pessagno, E., Tucker, R.D., and Harris, A., 2007, The restricted gemuk group: A triassic to lower cretaceous succession in southwestern Alaska: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 431, p. 273-305, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(12).","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf3be4b08c986b32464a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bundtzen, T. K.","contributorId":80287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pessagno, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":69389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessagno","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030547,"text":"70030547 - 2007 - Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the Southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:15:36.92358","indexId":"70030547","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the Southwestern USA","docAbstract":"California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) occur in two disjunct regions: the southwestern USA (western Arizona and southern California) and northern California (Sacramento Valley and the San Francisco Bay area). We examined current status of black rails in the southwestern USA by repeating survey efforts first conducted in 1973–1974 and again in 1989, and also examined wetland plant species associated with black rail distribution and abundance. We detected 136 black rails in Arizona and southern California. Black rail numbers detected during past survey efforts were much higher than the numbers detected during our more intensive survey effort, and hence, populations have obviously declined. Plants that were more common at points with black rails included common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens), arrowweed (Pluchea sericea), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), seepwillow (Baccharis salicifolia), and mixed shrubs, with common threesquare showing the strongest association with black rail presence. Plant species and non-vegetative communities that were less common at points with black rails included California bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus), southern cattail (Typha domingensis), upland vegetation, and open water. Black rails were often present at sites that had some saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), but were rarely detected in areas dominated by saltcedar. We recommend that a standardized black rail survey effort be repeated annually to obtain estimates of black rail population trends. Management of existing emergent marshes with black rails is needed to maintain stands of common threesquare in early successional stages. Moreover, wetland restoration efforts that produce diverse wetland vegetation including common threesquare should be implemented to ensure that black rail populations persist in the southwestern USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[987:SAHUOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Sulzman, C., 2007, Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the Southwestern USA: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 4, p. 987-998, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[987:SAHUOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"998","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -114.3182373046875,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -114.3182373046875,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 32.72721987021932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9789e4b08c986b31bb02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulzman, C.","contributorId":101079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulzman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030723,"text":"70030723 - 2007 - Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:17:33.681801","indexId":"70030723","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples","docAbstract":"Modern subaerial sand beds deposited by major tsunamis and hurricanes were compared at trench, transect, and sub-regional spatial scales to evaluate which attributes are most useful for distinguishing the two types of deposits. Physical criteria that may be diagnostic include: sediment composition, textures and grading, types and organization of stratification, thickness, geometry, and landscape conformity.
Published reports of Pacific Ocean tsunami impacts and our field observations suggest that sandy tsunami deposits are generally < 25 cm thick, extend hundreds of meters inland from the beach, and fill microtopography but generally conform to the antecedent landscape. They commonly are a single homogeneous bed that is normally graded overall, or that consists of only a few thin layers. Mud intraclasts and mud laminae within the deposit are strong evidence of tsunami deposition. Twig orientation or other indicators of return flow during bed aggradation are also diagnostic of tsunami deposits. Sandy storm deposits tend to be > 30 cm thick, generally extend < 300 m from the beach, and will not advance beyond the antecedent macrotopography they are able to fill. They typically are composed of numerous subhorizontal planar laminae organized into multiple laminasets that are normally or inversely graded, they do not contain internal mud laminae and rarely contain mud intraclasts. Application of these distinguishing characteristics depends on their preservation potential and any deposit modifications that accompany burial.
The distinctions between tsunami and storm deposits are related to differences in the hydrodynamics and sediment-sorting processes during transport. Tsunami deposition results from a few high-velocity, long-period waves that entrain sediment from the shoreface, beach, and landward erosion zone. Tsunamis can have flow depths greater than 10 m, transport sediment primarily in suspension, and distribute the load over a broad region where sediment falls out of suspension when flow decelerates. In contrast, storm inundation generally is gradual and prolonged, consisting of many waves that erode beaches and dunes with no significant overland return flow until after the main flooding. Storm flow depths are commonly < 3 m, sediment is transported primarily as bed load by traction, and the load is deposited within a zone relatively close to the beach.
Published reports of Pacific Ocean tsunami impacts and our field observations suggest that sandy tsunami deposits are generally < 25 cm thick, extend hundreds of meters inland from the beach, and fill microtopography but generally conform to the antecedent landscape. They commonly are a single homogeneous bed that is normally graded overall, or that consists of only a few thin layers. Mud intraclasts and mud laminae within the deposit are strong evidence of tsunami deposition. Twig orientation or other indicators of return flow during bed aggradation are also diagnostic of tsunami deposits. Sandy storm deposits tend to be > 30 cm thick, generally extend < 300 m from the beach, and will not advance beyond the antecedent macrotopography they are able to fill. They typically are composed of numerous subhorizontal planar laminae organized into multiple laminasets that are normally or inversely graded, they do not contain internal mud laminae and rarely contain mud intraclasts. Application of these distinguishing characteristics depends on their preservation potential and any deposit modifications that accompany burial.
The distinctions between tsunami and storm deposits are related to differences in the hydrodynamics and sediment-sorting processes during transport. Tsunami deposition results from a few high-velocity, long-period waves that entrain sediment from the shoreface, beach, and landward erosion zone. Tsunamis can have flow depths greater than 10 m, transport sediment primarily in suspension, and distribute the load over a broad region where sediment falls out of suspension when flow decelerates. In contrast, storm inundation generally is gradual and prolonged, consisting of many waves that erode beaches and dunes with no significant overland return flow until after the main flooding. Storm flow depths are commonly < 3 m, sediment is transported primarily as bed load by traction, and the load is deposited within a zone relatively close to the beach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.003","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Gelfenbaum, G., and Jaffe, B.E., 2007, Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples: Sedimentary Geology, v. 200, no. 3-4, p. 184-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.003.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7aa5e4b0c8380cd79002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033161,"text":"70033161 - 2007 - The impact of floods and storms on the acoustic reflectivity of the inner continental shelf: A modeling assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T11:48:59.450669","indexId":"70033161","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of floods and storms on the acoustic reflectivity of the inner continental shelf: A modeling assessment","docAbstract":"Flood deposition and storm reworking of sediments on the inner shelf can change the mixture of grain sizes on the seabed and thus its porosity, bulk density, bulk compressional velocity and reflectivity. Whether these changes are significant enough to be detectable by repeat sub-bottom sonar surveys, however, is uncertain. Here the question is addressed through numerical modeling. Episodic flooding of a large versus small river over the course of a century are modeled with HYDROTREND using the drainage basin characteristics of the Po and Pescara Rivers (respectively). A similarly long stochastic record of storms offshore of both rivers is simulated from the statistics of a long-term mooring recording of waves in the western Adriatic Sea. These time series are then input to the stratigraphic model SEDFLUX2D, which simulates flood deposition and storm reworking on the inner shelf beyond the river mouths. Finally, annual changes in seabed reflectivity across these shelf regions are computed from bulk densities output by SEDFLUX2D and compressional sound speeds computed from mean seafloor grain size using the analytical model of Buckingham [1997. Theory of acoustic attenuation, dispersion, and pulse propagation in unconsolidated granular materials including marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, 2579–2596; 1998. Theory of compressional and shear waves in fluidlike marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, 288–299; 2000. Wave propagation, stress relaxation, and grain-tograin shearing in saturated, unconsolidated marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, 2796–2815]. The modeling predicts reflectivities that change from <12 dB for sands on the innermost shelf to >9 dB for muds farther offshore, values that agree with reflectivity measurements for these sediment types. On local scales of ∼100 m, however, maximum changes in reflectivity are <0.5 dB. So are most annual changes in reflectivity over all water depths modeled (i.e., 0–35 m). Given that signal differences need to be ⩾2–3 dB to be resolved, the results suggest that grain-size induced changes in reflectivity caused by floods and storms will rarely be detectable by most current sub-bottom sonars.
Oak savannas and woodlands historically covered millions of hectares in the midwestern United States but are rare today. We evaluated the ecological distinctiveness and conservation value of savannas and woodlands by examining bird distributions across a fire-maintained woody-vegetation gradient in northwest Indiana encompassing five habitats—open habitats with low canopy cover, savannas, woodlands, scrublands, and forests—during migration, breeding, and overwintering. Savannas and woodlands were significantly different in overall bird species composition from open and forest habitats but were often intermediate between open and forest in guild densities. Few bird species were consistently and highly concentrated in savannas or woodlands, and the Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) was the only species significantly more abundant in savannas and woodlands than in open, scrub, and forest habitats. Fire frequency over a 15-year interval was a significant predictor of bird community composition and was positively related to species diversity, spring transient migrant density, and density of the most threatened species. Each habitat type had characteristics potentially important for avian conservation. Scrub had the highest density of transient migrants, which suggests it plays an important role as migration stopover habitat. More species were significantly concentrated in open or forest habitats than in the other habitats. Lack of species concentration and intermediate community composition suggested that birds experienced savannas and woodlands more as ecotones than as habitats distinct from forests or grasslands. However, this intermediate character can benefit conservation, as evidenced by savannas and woodlands having the highest density of the most threatened species along this woody-vegetation gradient.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[969:DUAVOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2007, Distinctiveness, use, and value of midwestern oak savannas and woodlands as avian habitats: The Auk, v. 124, no. 3, p. 969-985, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[969:DUAVOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"985","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024de4b0c8380cd4ffb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030776,"text":"70030776 - 2007 - Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:51:51","indexId":"70030776","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland","docAbstract":"Until recently fossil footprints were virtually unknown from the Cretaceous of the eastern United States. The discovery of about 300 footprints in iron-rich siliciclastic facies of the Patuxent Formation (Potomac Group) of Aptian age is undoubtedly one of the most significant Early Cretaceous track discoveries since the Paluxy track discoveries in Texas in the 1930s. The Patuxent tracks include theropod, sauropod, ankylosaur and ornithopod dinosaur footprints, pterosaur tracks, and miscellaneous mammal and other vertebrate ichnites that collectively suggest a diversity of about 14 morphotypes. This is about twice the previous maximum estimate for any known Early Cretaceous vertebrate ichnofauna. Among the more distinctive forms are excellent examples of hypsilophodontid tracks and a surprisingly large mammal footprint. A remarkable feature of the Patuxent track assemblage is the high proportion of small tracks indicative of hatchlings, independently verified by the discovery of a hatchling-sized dinosaur. Such evidence suggests the proximity of nest sites. The preservation of such small tracks is very rare in the Cretaceous track record, and indeed throughout most of the Mesozoic.
This unusual preservation not only provides us with a window into a diverse Early Cretaceous ecosystem, but it also suggests the potential of such facies to provide ichnological bonanzas. A remarkable feature of the assemblage is that it consists largely of reworked nodules and clasts that may have previously been reworked within the Patuxent Formation. Such unusual contexts of preservation should provide intriguing research opportunities for sedimentologists interested in the diagenesis and taphonomy of a unique track-bearing facies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940601049404","usgsCitation":"Stanford, R., Lockley, M.G., and Weems, R.E., 2007, Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940601049404.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034be4b0c8380cd503f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanford, Ray","contributorId":12240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanford","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockley, Martin G.","contributorId":22428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockley","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030861,"text":"70030861 - 2007 - Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T09:53:27","indexId":"70030861","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The unmined, pyrite-rich Red Mountain (Dry Creek) deposit displays a remarkable environmental footprint of natural acid generation, high metal and exceedingly high rare earth element (REE) concentrations in surface waters. The volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit exhibits well-constrained examples of acid-generating, metal-leaching, metal-precipitation and self-mitigation (via co-precipitation, dilution and neutralization) processes that occur in an undisturbed natural setting, a rare occurrence in North America. Oxidative dissolution of pyrite and associated secondary reactions under near-surface oxidizing conditions are the primary causes for the acid generation and metal leaching. The deposit is hosted in Devonian to Mississippian felsic metavolcanic rocks of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist.
Water samples with the lowest pH (many below 3.5), highest specific conductance (commonly >2500 μS/cm) and highest major- and trace-element concentrations are from springs and streams within the quartz–sericite–pyrite alteration zone. Aluminum, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Y, Zn and, particularly, the REEs are found in high concentrations, ranging across four orders of magnitude. Waters collected upstream from the alteration zone have near-neutral pH, lower specific conductance (370 to 830 μS/cm), lower metal concentrations and measurable alkalinities. Water samples collected downstream of the alteration zone have pH and metal concentrations intermediate between these two extremes. Stream sediments are anomalous in Zn, Pb, S, Fe, Cu, As, Co, Sb and Cd relative to local and regional background abundances. Red Mountain Creek and its tributaries do not, and probably never have, supported significant aquatic life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/07-136","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Briggs, P., Dusel-Bacon, C., Giles, S.A., Gough, L.P., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Hubbard, B.E., 2007, Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 7, no. 3, p. 207-223, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-136.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c5e4b0c8380cd5205f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030872,"text":"70030872 - 2007 - Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030872","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?","docAbstract":"In southeastern Utah, Bromus tectorum occurs where Hilaria jamesii is dominant and rarely where Stipa hymenoides/S. comata dominate. To determine whether this distribution is due to soil characteristics or microhabitat, we transplanted H. jamesii soil to a Stipa site and vice versa during a severe drought (2001) and a wetter year (2002). Additionally, we planted B. tectorum under H. jamesii and Stipa canopies, with or without H. jamesii litter, and with or without herbivory. Bromus tectorum emergence and biomass in reciprocal transplants were similar at both sites; there were no site differences for all microhabitat treatments. Being under a plant canopy increased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Herbivory decreased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Litter increased emergence only under the canopy in 2001 but did not affect survival in 2002. Survival in 2001 was so low that biomass was unattainable; no microhabitat treatments affected biomass in 2002. We found that soil characteristics and microhabitat affected B. tectorum similarly in H. jamesii and Stipa patches, suggesting that these factors do not explain the association between B. tectorum and H. jamesii. However, these relationships may change during wet years when B. tectorum invasions most often occur. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Newingham, B., Vidiella, P., and Belnap, J., 2007, Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 70, no. 3, p. 389-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013.","startPage":"389","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013"},{"id":238800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0366e4b0c8380cd5048f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newingham, B.A.","contributorId":19775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newingham","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidiella, P.","contributorId":103866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidiella","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030929,"text":"70030929 - 2007 - Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030929","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2557,"text":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae)","docAbstract":"Callophrys irus is a rare and declining lycaenid found in the eastern U.S., inhabiting xeric and open habitats maintained by disturbance. Populations are localized and monophagous. We document a previously undescribed larval feeding behavior in both field and lab reared larvae in which late instar larvae girdled the main stem of the host plant. Girdled stems provide a unique feeding sign that was useful in detecting the presence of larvae in the field. We also observed frequent association of field larvae with several species of ants and provide a list of ant species. We suggest two hypotheses on the potential benefits of stem-girdling to C. irus larvae: 1) Stem girdling provides phloem sap as a larval food source and increases the leaf nutrient concentration, increasing larval growth rates and providing high quality honeydew for attending ants; 2) Stem girdling reduces stem toxicity by inhibiting transport of toxins from roots to the stem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00240966","usgsCitation":"Albanese, G., Nelson, M., Vickery, P., and Sievert, P., 2007, Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, v. 61, no. 2, p. 61-66.","startPage":"61","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44aee4b0c8380cd66cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albanese, G.","contributorId":67722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albanese","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.W.","contributorId":17720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vickery, P.D.","contributorId":45427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickery","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030956,"text":"70030956 - 2007 - Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida","docAbstract":"We studied soils on high-purity limestones of Quaternary age on the western Atlantic Ocean islands of Barbados, the Florida Keys, and the Bahamas. Potential soil parent materials in this region, external to the carbonate substrate, include volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent (near Barbados), volcanic ash from the islands of Dominica and St. Lucia (somewhat farther from Barbados), the fine-grained component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and wind-transported dust from Africa. These four parent materials can be differentiated using trace elements (Sc, Cr, Th, and Zr) and rare earth elements that have minimal mobility in the soil-forming environment. Barbados soils have compositions that indicate a complex derivation. Volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent appears to have been the most important influence, but African dust is a significant contributor, and even Mississippi River valley loess may be a very minor contributor to Barbados soils. Soils on the Florida Keys and islands in the Bahamas appear to have developed mostly from African dust, but Mississippi River valley loess may be a significant contributor. Our results indicate that inputs of African dust are more important to the genesis of soils on islands in the western Atlantic Ocean than previously supposed. We hypothesize that African dust may also be a major contributor to soils on other islands of the Caribbean and to soils in northern South America, central America, Mexico, and the southeastern United States. Dust inputs to subtropical and tropical soils in this region increase both nutrient-holding capacity and nutrient status and thus may be critical in sustaining vegetation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JF000445","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Budahn, J., Prospero, J., and Carey, S., 2007, Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000445.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486967,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/418","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000445"},{"id":238533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ae4b0c8380cd55083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prospero, J.M.","contributorId":76476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carey, S.N.","contributorId":98107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033579,"text":"70033579 - 2007 - Dynamics of newly established elk populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:49:35","indexId":"70033579","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of newly established elk populations","docAbstract":"The dynamics of newly established elk (Cervus elaphus) populations can provide insights about maximum sustainable rates of reproduction, survival, and increase. However, data used to estimate rates of increase typically have been limited to counts and rarely have included complementary estimates of vital rates. Complexities of population dynamics cannot be understood without considering population processes as well as population states. We estimated pregnancy rates, survival rates, age ratios, and sex ratios for reintroduced elk at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, USA; combined vital rates in a population projection model; and compared model projections with observed elk numbers and population ratios. Pregnancy rates in January (early in the second trimester of pregnancy) averaged 54.1% (SE = 5.4%) for subadults and 91.0% (SE = 1.7%) for adults, and 91.6% of pregnancies resulted in recruitment at 8 months. Annual survival rates of adult females averaged 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94-0.98) with hunting included and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99) with hunting excluded from calculations. Our fitted model explained 99.8% of past variation in population estimates and represents a useful new tool for short-term management planning. Although we found no evidence of temporal variation in vital rates, variation in population composition caused substantial variation in projected rates of increase (??=1.20-1.36). Restoring documented hunter harvests and removals of elk by the National Park Service led to a potential rate of ?? = 1.26. Greater rates of increase substantiated elsewhere were within the expected range of chance variation, given our model and estimates of vital rates. Rates of increase realized by small elk populations are too variable to support inferences about habitat quality or density dependence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-247","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, G., and Oehler, M., 2007, Dynamics of newly established elk populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 4, p. 1141-1148, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-247.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1148","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-247"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0435e4b0c8380cd50858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oehler, M.W. Sr.","contributorId":105545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oehler","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031013,"text":"70031013 - 2007 - Deglacial climate variability in central Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T10:23:24","indexId":"70031013","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deglacial climate variability in central Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Pollen and ostracode evidence from lacustrine sediments underlying modern Tampa Bay, Florida, document frequent and abrupt climatic and hydrological events superimposed on deglacial warming in the subtropics. Radiocarbon chronology on well-preserved mollusk shells and pollen residue from core MD02-2579 documents continuous sedimentation in a variety of non-marine habitats in a karst-controlled basin from 20 ka to 11.5 ka.
\nDuring the last glacial maximum (LGM), much drier and cooler-than-modern conditions are indicated by pollen assemblages enriched in Chenopodiaceae and Carya, with rare Pinus (< 10%). Pinus pollen increased to 20–40% during the warming of the initial deglaciation (∼ 17.2 ka), reaching near modern abundance (60–80%) during warmer, moister climates of the Bølling/Allerød interval (14.7–12.9 ka). Within the Bølling/Allerød, centennial-scale dry events corresponding to the Older Dryas and Intra-Allerød Cold Period indicate rapid vegetation response (< 50 years) to climate variability. The Younger Dryas (12.9–11.6 ka) was characterized by two distinct phases: slightly drier than the peak Bølling/Allerød between 12.9 and 12.3 ka and much drier from 12.3 to 11.5 ka. The Tampa Bay record of deglacial atmospheric temperature and moisture can be correlated with other paleoclimate records in the North Atlantic region and has implications for climate-forcing by ice-sheet fluctuation, thermohaline circulation, and atmospheric circulation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., Bernhardt, C., Brooks, G.R., Cronin, T.M., Edgar, T., and Larson, R., 2007, Deglacial climate variability in central Florida, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 251, no. 3-4, p. 366-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.016"},{"id":238905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","volume":"251","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe51e4b0c8380cd4ec7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edgar, T.","contributorId":70595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, R.","contributorId":30438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}