Fluorine-rich granites and rhyolites occur throughout the southern Rocky Mountains, but the origin of F-enrichment has remained unclear. We test if F-enrichment could be inherited from ancient mafic lower crust by: (1) measuring amphibole compositions, including F and Cl contents, of lower crustal mafic granulite xenoliths from northern Colorado to determine if they are unusually enriched in halogens; (2) analyzing whole-rock elemental and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions for upper crustal Cretaceous to Oligocene igneous rocks in Colorado to evaluate their sources; and (3) comparing batch melting models of mafic lower crustal source rocks to melt F and Cl abundances derived from biotite data from the F-rich silicic Never Summer batholith. This approach allows us to better determine if the mafic lower crust was pre-enriched in F, if it is concentrated enough to generate F-rich anatectic melts, and if geochemical data support an ancient lower crustal origin for the F-rich rocks in the southern Rocky Mountains.
Electron microprobe analyses of amphibole in lower crustal mafic granulite xenoliths show they contain 0.56–1.38 wt% F and 0.45–0.73 wt% Cl. Titanium in calcium amphibole thermometry indicates that the amphiboles equilibrated at high to ultrahigh temperature conditions (805 to 940 °C), and semiquantitative amphibole thermobarometry indicates the amphiboles equilibrated at 0.5 to 1.0 GPa prior to entrainment in magmas during the Devonian. Mass balance calculations, based on these new measurements, indicate parts of the mafic lower crust in Colorado are at least 3.5 times more enriched in F than average mafic lower crust. Intrusions coeval with the Laramide Orogeny (75 to 38 Ma) pre-date F-rich magmatism in Colorado and have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions consistent with mafic lower crust ± mantle sources, but many of these intrusions contain elevated Sr/Y ratios (>40) that suggest amphibole was a stable phase during magma generation. The F-rich igneous rocks from the Never Summer igneous complex and Colorado Mineral Belt also have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions that overlap with the lower crustal mafic granulite xenoliths, but they have lower Sr/Y, higher Nb and Y abundances, and distinctly less radiogenic 206Pb/204Pbi compositions than preceding Laramide magmatism. Batch melt modeling indicates low-degree partial melts derived from rocks similar to the mafic lower crustal xenoliths we analyzed can yield silicic melts with >2000 ppm F, similar to estimated F melt concentrations for silicic melts that are interpreted to be parental to evolved leucogranites.
We suggest that F-rich silicic melts in the southern Rocky Mountains were sourced from garnet-free mafic lower crust, and that fluid-absent breakdown of amphibole in ultrahigh temperature metamorphic rocks was a key process in their generation. Based on the composition of high-F amphibole measured from lower crustal xenoliths, the temperature of amphibole breakdown and melt generation for these F-enriched source rocks is likely >100 °C higher than similar lower crust with low or average F abundances. As such, these source rocks only melted during periods of unusually high heat flow into the lower crust, such as during an influx of mantle-derived magmas related to rifting or the post-Laramide ignimbrite flare-up in the region. These data have direct implications for the genesis of porphyry Mo mineralization, because they indicate that pre-enrichment of F in the deep crust could be a necessary condition for later anatexis and generation of F-rich magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2022-8503","usgsCitation":"Rosera, J.M., Frazer, R.E., Mills, R.D., Jacob, K., Gaynor, S., Coleman, D., and Farmer, G.L., 2023, Fluorine-rich mafic lower crust in the southern Rocky Mountains: The role of pre-enrichment in generating fluorine-rich silicic magmas and porphyry Mo deposits: American Mineralogist, v. 108, no. 9, p. 1573-1596, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8503.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1573","endPage":"1596","ipdsId":"IP-136845","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8503","text":"External Repository"},{"id":420952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Mineral Belt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.67084182013525,\n 40.707591104691545\n ],\n [\n -108.59155062790768,\n 40.707591104691545\n ],\n [\n -108.59155062790768,\n 36.46218720422068\n ],\n [\n -104.67084182013525,\n 36.46218720422068\n ],\n [\n -104.67084182013525,\n 40.707591104691545\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosera, Joshua Mark 0000-0003-3807-5000","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-5000","contributorId":270284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosera","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frazer, Ryan Edward 0000-0002-7319-1894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-1894","contributorId":297924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazer","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, Ryan D.","contributorId":297925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacob, Kristin","contributorId":297926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaynor, Sean P.","contributorId":297927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaynor","given":"Sean P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S.","contributorId":297928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Farmer, G. Lang","contributorId":15075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70248964,"text":"70248964 - 2023 - USGS installs 2022 high-water markers to provide flood information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T15:34:59.710328","indexId":"70248964","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T09:31:55","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17160,"text":"Montana Highground","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"USGS installs 2022 high-water markers to provide flood information","docAbstract":"Historic flooding on June 12-13, 2022 occurred in the Gallatin, Absaroka and Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, near Yellowstone National Park. The flooding was initiated by rainstorms that produced between 1-5 inches of rain on top of an above-average snowpack, causing the snow to melt faster and rush downstream. The combined rain and melted snow led to record floods on the Yellowstone, Boulder, and Gallatin Rivers and Rock Creek near Red Lodge, Montana, as well as many other streams and rivers in the area.\n\nThe US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montana Silver Jackets and local communities, plans to add high water mark signs to mark the highest level the rivers reached during the flooding. These signs will provide the date of flooding, site information, the maximum flood depth (known as river stage, in feet), and links to the National Weather Service’s river forecasting website and US Geological Survey’s streamgage website. \n\nStreamflow has been measured along the Yellowstone River for over 100 years and these data are used to estimate the frequency of large flood events. The floods of 2022 ranged from once in 100 years to once in 500 years likelihood. Though the chances of these floods are rare, they have an equal chance of happening each year, so it is always possible to have historic flood events back-to-back.","language":"English","publisher":"Montana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, D.W., 2023, USGS installs 2022 high-water markers to provide flood information: Montana Highground.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-157348","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dnrc.mt.gov/Water-Resources/Floodplains/News","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Daniel W. 0000-0001-9816-1002 darmstrong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9816-1002","contributorId":264331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Daniel","email":"darmstrong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249172,"text":"70249172 - 2023 - Estimating peak-flow quantiles for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T13:44:46.706816","indexId":"70249172","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T08:44:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17032,"text":"Research Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"FHWA-ICT-23-014","title":"Estimating peak-flow quantiles for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Illinois","docAbstract":"This report presents the methods, results, and applications of an updated flood-frequency study for the State of Illinois. This study, which uses data through September 2017, updates two previous studies that used data through 1999 and 2009, respectively. Flood-frequency estimates are used for a variety of land-use planning and infrastructure design purposes, including for the hydraulic design of bridges. The flood frequencies presented are the stream discharges (or quantiles) that are exceeded each year with a given probability, called the annual exceedance probability (AEP). Estimates are provided for eight AEPs: 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002. The basic data used are the annual maximum discharges (peak flows) at streamgages in and near Illinois and the measurable physical properties (basin characteristics) of the basins upstream from those streamgages. The logarithms of the peak flow records at qualifying streamgages were fit to the Pearson Type 3 distribution using federally recommended methods, providing one of the two primary products of the study, which is the set of peak-flow quantiles at the streamgages and their uncertainties. The other primary product is sets of equations, determined by least-squares regression, that relate the peak-flow quantiles and the basin characteristics. There is one set of equations for each of Illinois’ seven hydrologic regions, and, for each region, one equation for each AEP. These regional equations allow the estimation of peak-flow quantiles at ungaged locations throughout the state and their uncertainties. A set of illustrative example applications is provided, and tables of all results at all study streamgages and regions are provided in associated data releases. The study results are also being made available in a web application, StreamStats.","language":"English","publisher":"Illinois Center for Transportation","doi":"10.36501/0197-9191/23-019","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Marti, M.K., O’Shea, P.S., and Sharpe, J.B., 2023, Estimating peak-flow quantiles for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Illinois: Research Report FHWA-ICT-23-014, viii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-019.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149686","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZAMASB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geographic Data for the Estimation of Peak Flow Statistics for Illinois"},{"id":435199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XPWUMI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Estimating Peak-Flow Quantiles for Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities in Illinois"},{"id":435198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XUH9SR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-Flow Frequency Analysis for 464 U.S. Geological Survey Streamgages in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, Based on Data Through Water Year 2017"},{"id":421389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinios","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.79823,42.473054],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.820858,42.361584],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.800066,42.208024],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.712206,42.096455],[-87.682359,42.075729],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.668982,42.029142],[-87.630953,41.933132],[-87.624052,41.904232],[-87.611659,41.892216],[-87.616537,41.882396],[-87.616251,41.868933],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.600549,41.826833],[-87.580948,41.804334],[-87.576347,41.786034],[-87.560646,41.766034],[-87.542845,41.752135],[-87.530745,41.748235],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.533227,39.883127],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.035827,37.791917],[-88.042602,37.76712],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.122412,37.709685],[-88.151646,37.675098],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.156827,37.632801],[-88.142225,37.603737],[-88.139973,37.586451],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.105585,37.55618],[-88.088049,37.535124],[-88.069018,37.525297],[-88.061342,37.505327],[-88.064234,37.484548],[-88.072386,37.483563],[-88.087664,37.471059],[-88.132628,37.471555],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.312585,37.440591],[-88.333183,37.42721],[-88.348405,37.410726],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.408808,37.425216],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.476592,37.386875],[-88.484462,37.345609],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.506942,37.266656],[-88.509328,37.26213],[-88.487277,37.244077],[-88.471753,37.220155],[-88.447764,37.203527],[-88.431488,37.160298],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.444605,37.098601],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.504437,37.065265],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.576718,37.085852],[-88.589207,37.099655],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.693983,37.141155],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.916934,37.224291],[-88.942111,37.228811],[-88.98326,37.228685],[-89.029981,37.211144],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.092934,37.156439],[-89.111189,37.119052],[-89.134931,37.103278],[-89.14132,37.093865],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-89.168087,37.074218],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.178975,37.020928],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.132685,36.9822],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.307726,37.069654],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.277715,37.03614],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.378277,37.039605],[-89.385434,37.05513],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.38805,37.107481],[-89.41173,37.122507],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.461862,37.199517],[-89.4675,37.221844],[-89.458246,37.247066],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.488728,37.251507],[-89.517032,37.28192],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.447556,37.340475],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.516447,37.535558],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.477548,37.585885],[-89.475932,37.592998],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.531427,37.700334],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.615586,37.74235],[-89.615933,37.748184],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.663352,37.750052],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.66038,37.786296],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.754104,37.846358],[-89.779828,37.853896],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.80036,37.868625],[-89.798041,37.879655],[-89.842649,37.905196],[-89.862949,37.896906],[-89.881475,37.879591],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.950594,37.881526],[-89.973642,37.917661],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.947429,37.940336],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.997103,37.963225],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.057269,38.014362],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.126194,38.040702],[-90.126396,38.054897],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.356176,38.217501],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.370819,38.333554],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.224212,38.575051],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18111,38.65955],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.21141,38.72135],[-90.20521,38.73215],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.109107,38.837448],[-90.113327,38.849306],[-90.19521,38.886748],[-90.223041,38.907389],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.450792,38.967764],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.54403,38.87505],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.628485,38.891617],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.663372,38.928042],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.713629,39.053977],[-90.682744,39.088348],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.174232,39.591975],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.302485,39.679631],[-91.367753,39.729029],[-91.369953,39.745042],[-91.365125,39.758723],[-91.363444,39.792804],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.432919,39.840554],[-91.446385,39.870394],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.420878,39.914865],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.463683,39.981845],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.509245,40.121876],[-91.511749,40.147091],[-91.508324,40.156326],[-91.513079,40.178537],[-91.504477,40.198262],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.439342,40.366569],[-91.415695,40.381381],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.373721,40.417891],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.405241,40.554641],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.110927,40.703262],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-90.962916,40.924957],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.94899,41.07025],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.112333,41.239003],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.08688,41.294371],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-91.04589,41.414085],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.595237,41.511032],[-90.567236,41.517532],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.150916,42.02944],[-90.163446,42.040407],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.161504,42.098912],[-90.162895,42.116718],[-90.17097,42.125198],[-90.190452,42.125779],[-90.201404,42.130937],[-90.207421,42.149109],[-90.216107,42.15673],[-90.250129,42.171469],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.415937,42.322699],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.606328,42.451505],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.07367,42.508275],[-89.366031,42.500274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Illinois\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":204650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marti, Mackenzie K. 0000-0001-8817-4969 mmarti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-4969","contributorId":289738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"Mackenzie","email":"mmarti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Shea, Padraic S. 0000-0001-9005-8289 poshea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-8289","contributorId":196742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Padraic","email":"poshea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70266264,"text":"70266264 - 2023 - Virtual snow stakes: a new method for snow depth measurement at remote camera stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-02T17:04:34.764345","indexId":"70266264","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virtual snow stakes: a new method for snow depth measurement at remote camera stations","docAbstract":"Remote cameras are used to study demographics, ecological processes, and behavior of wildlife populations. Cameras have also been used to measure snow depth with physical snow stakes. However, concerns that physical instruments at camera sites may influence animal behavior limit installation of instruments to facilitate collecting such data. Given that snow depth data are inherently contained within images, potential insights that could be made using these data are lost. To facilitate camera-based snow depth observations without additional equipment installation, we developed a method implemented in an R package called edger to superimpose virtual measurement devices onto images. The virtual snow stakes can be used to derive snow depth measurements. We validated the method for snow depth estimation using camera data from Latah County, Idaho, USA in winter 2020–2021. Mean bias error between the virtual snow stake and a physical snow stake was 5.8 cm; the mean absolute bias error was 8.8 cm. The mean Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency score comparing the fit of the 2 sets of measurements within each camera was 0.748, indicating good agreement. The edger package provides researchers with a means to take critical measurements for ecological studies without the use of physical objects that could alter animal behavior, and snow data at finer scales can complement other snow data sources that have coarser spatial and temporal resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1481","usgsCitation":"Strickfaden, K., Behan, M., Marshall, A., Svancara, L., Ausband, D.E., and Link, T., 2023, Virtual snow stakes: a new method for snow depth measurement at remote camera stations: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 3, e1481, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1481.","productDescription":"e1481, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132219","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Latah County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.809898641251436\n ],\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.61258277725639\n ],\n [\n -116.67664523501801,\n 46.61258277725639\n ],\n [\n -116.67664523501801,\n 46.809898641251436\n ],\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.809898641251436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickfaden, Kaitlyn M.","contributorId":354266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickfaden","given":"Kaitlyn M.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behan, Marnie L.","contributorId":354432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behan","given":"Marnie L.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":935644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Adrienne M.","contributorId":354267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Adrienne M.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svancara, Leona K.","contributorId":354268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svancara","given":"Leona K.","affiliations":[{"id":62300,"text":"Idaho Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Link, Timothy E.","contributorId":354269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Timothy E.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248002,"text":"sir20235095 - 2023 - Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T21:18:37.918599","indexId":"sir20235095","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-31T09:35:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5095","displayTitle":"Surrogate Regression Models Estimating Nitrate Concentrations at Six Springs in Gooding County, South-Central Idaho, 2018–22","title":"Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22","docAbstract":"Populations of endangered Banbury Springs limpet (Idaholanx fresti) and threatened Bliss Rapids snail (Taylorconcha serpenticola) are declining in springs north of the Snake River along the southern Gooding County boundary, in south-central Idaho. One hypothesis for the decline is that increased macrophyte growth, associated with elevated nitrate concentrations in the springs, is decreasing aquatic habitat for the limpet and snail populations. In support of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service efforts to understand the population declines, the U.S. Geological Survey developed surrogate regression models to estimate nitrate concentrations at six springs influenced by upgradient agriculture, which results in an increase and decrease each year of streamflow, specific conductance, and nitrate concentrations. The surrogate regression models use continuous specific conductance data and streamflow data (available at two springs from existing U.S. Geological Survey streamgages).
The spring surrogate regression models showed that specific conductance can be an effective surrogate for nitrate in springs affected by agriculture and that the model results improved when streamflow data were included. Four of the six springs had surrogate regression models (using specific conductance and day of the year as explanatory variables) that performed well based on model summary statistics, and these models improved further with the inclusion of streamflow as an explanatory variable. The surrogate regression models at four springs had coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.79 to 0.94. The root mean squared error of the four models ranged from 0.07 to 0.11 milligrams per liter. Two of the six springs were not well modeled, with adjusted R2 values of 0.15 and 0.80. The surrogate regression models for these two springs also did not meet the required assumption of linearity between explanatory and response variables for linear regression. The surrogate regression models show that specific conductance can be an effective surrogate for nitrate in springs affected by agriculture and that models are improved where streamflow data are included. These surrogates improve understanding of nitrate concentration variability in the springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235095","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., 2023, Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5095, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235095.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 22 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147907","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420347,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/sir20235095.XML"},{"id":420346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/images"},{"id":420345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235095/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5095"},{"id":420344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/sir20235095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5095"},{"id":420348,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BXIBF9","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Surrogate regression model data for estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho"},{"id":501061,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115234.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Gooding County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42.6\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 42.6\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Shelters are critical for many species as protection from predators and extreme temperatures. Successful conservation of reptiles requires understanding both shelter site requirements and availability. The Eastern Indigo Snake (EIS; Drymarchon couperi) is endemic to the southeastern U.S. and is federally listed. Recovery has focused on maximizing unfragmented landscapes, with less attention on fine-scale features such as shelter sites. In the northern EIS range, Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows are used extensively for shelter. Although EIS in peninsular Florida often shelter in tortoise burrows, they also use other shelters where tortoise burrows are scarce or absent. Solely focusing EIS survey and management efforts where Gopher Tortoises are present may overlook occupied habitats and misallocate resources. We investigated the importance of different shelter sites in central Florida using data from radio-tracked EIS. We modeled the use of shelter categories as a function of sex, season, and habitat using Bayesian multinomial Generalized Linear Models. Results showed that EIS in peninsular Florida used Gopher Tortoise burrows across all seasons and habitats. Tortoise burrow use was highest in xeric habitats and lowest in mesic habitats where burrows are most and least abundant, respectively. There was less variability in shelter site use in disturbed habitats and flatwoods. Tortoise burrow use by EIS in the cool season across sexes and habitats in our study was much lower than in southern Georgia. Our results indicate that EIS are less dependent on Gopher Tortoise burrows in peninsular Florida and that suitable habitats with few or no tortoise burrows could still provide conservation value for EIS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Bolt, M., Bauder, J.M., Legare, M., Jenkins, C., Rothermel, B., and Breininger, D., 2023, Eastern Indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi) shelter site use In peninsular Florida, USA, and implicatIons for habItat conservatIon: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 362-373.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"373","ipdsId":"IP-139825","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol18_issue2.html","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":482920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.821585,27.964443],[-82.829801,27.968469],[-82.823063,28.044758],[-82.833225,28.082193],[-82.813435,28.03716],[-82.821585,27.964443]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.562917,24.692912],[-81.542116,24.681026],[-81.490962,24.710105],[-81.459043,24.707355],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.432032,24.722908],[-81.427121,24.745827],[-81.402769,24.749101],[-81.36041,24.708788],[-81.319282,24.701238],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.395096,24.621062],[-81.414187,24.647167],[-81.470411,24.641985],[-81.49858,24.66498],[-81.518595,24.620304],[-81.602998,24.586444],[-81.685278,24.558739],[-81.810333,24.544701],[-81.814446,24.56358],[-81.794057,24.586],[-81.730473,24.58196],[-81.705364,24.597647],[-81.694235,24.591932],[-81.637087,24.621408],[-81.614529,24.650584],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-82.15068,24.576331],[-82.143075,24.593395],[-82.125268,24.597426],[-82.104187,24.588256],[-82.099417,24.572522],[-82.116787,24.549144],[-82.159439,24.548212],[-82.164426,24.563375],[-82.15068,24.576331]]],[[[-80.909954,24.781154],[-80.912042,24.76505],[-80.938543,24.767535],[-81.015933,24.719881],[-81.032447,24.727323],[-81.064554,24.715453],[-81.078716,24.696557],[-81.108041,24.688592],[-81.124094,24.704873],[-81.041797,24.742965],[-81.02217,24.733091],[-80.909954,24.781154]]],[[[-81.317673,24.75729],[-81.305468,24.756612],[-81.288259,24.720881],[-81.302984,24.714199],[-81.357417,24.756834],[-81.317673,24.75729]]],[[[-80.788263,24.824218],[-80.796053,24.81194],[-80.846191,24.802968],[-80.79278,24.843918],[-80.780564,24.84052],[-80.788263,24.824218]]],[[[-80.729275,24.865361],[-80.691762,24.885759],[-80.761359,24.836225],[-80.729275,24.865361]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-84.713747,29.74139],[-84.776954,29.692191],[-84.957779,29.612635],[-85.051033,29.586928],[-85.09519,29.62249],[-85.023501,29.597073],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.114268,29.688658],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.097218,29.633004],[-85.124913,29.628433],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.246535,26.706435],[-82.246535,26.683437],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.088423,26.455182],[-82.062551,26.470131],[-82.015607,26.454858],[-82.082915,26.422059],[-82.172917,26.467658],[-82.205523,26.566536],[-82.268007,26.682791],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.351399,25.190615],[-80.349855,25.168825],[-80.377084,25.130487],[-80.47387,25.060253],[-80.494781,25.023019],[-80.565831,24.958155],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.624172,24.939058],[-80.558785,24.971505],[-80.545971,25.01477],[-80.509136,25.028317],[-80.460652,25.078904],[-80.494715,25.102269],[-80.484188,25.10943],[-80.450399,25.088751],[-80.433575,25.106317],[-80.447659,25.147729],[-80.41326,25.137053],[-80.395467,25.150694],[-80.391909,25.19221],[-80.3498,25.210595],[-80.337345,25.231353],[-80.336159,25.261601],[-80.368186,25.282359],[-80.328746,25.28651],[-80.292567,25.314385],[-80.256982,25.361239],[-80.246307,25.398603],[-80.21428,25.416988],[-80.179288,25.518999],[-80.173951,25.482821],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-81.444124,30.709714],[-81.432725,30.703017],[-81.430843,30.669393],[-81.443099,30.600938],[-81.434064,30.522569],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.410809,30.482039],[-81.385505,30.273841],[-81.308978,29.96944],[-81.270442,29.883106],[-81.240924,29.739218],[-80.966176,29.14796],[-80.708545,28.755202],[-80.574868,28.585166],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.587813,28.410856],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.604214,28.257733],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.383695,27.740045],[-80.253665,27.37979],[-80.16147,27.192814],[-80.159554,27.163325],[-80.093909,27.018587],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.038863,26.569347],[-80.108995,26.088372],[-80.122056,25.817913],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.176916,25.685062],[-80.164461,25.721833],[-80.172765,25.737847],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.240376,25.724206],[-80.277147,25.637022],[-80.301464,25.613299],[-80.302057,25.567632],[-80.339421,25.499427],[-80.337049,25.465621],[-80.320442,25.437153],[-80.32578,25.39801],[-80.31036,25.389707],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.335269,25.338701],[-80.374116,25.31735],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-80.495341,25.199463],[-80.569124,25.190117],[-80.669236,25.137837],[-80.777499,25.135047],[-80.838227,25.174791],[-80.858167,25.176576],[-80.899459,25.162337],[-80.900559,25.139755],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.133567,25.156295],[-81.170953,25.244898],[-81.148103,25.332793],[-81.12141,25.33875],[-81.117265,25.354953],[-81.128492,25.380511],[-81.150508,25.387255],[-81.146765,25.407577],[-81.168652,25.463848],[-81.208201,25.504937],[-81.203175,25.53416],[-81.225557,25.55847],[-81.253951,25.638181],[-81.290328,25.687506],[-81.346078,25.721473],[-81.343984,25.747668],[-81.361875,25.772715],[-81.344779,25.782257],[-81.349152,25.816847],[-81.417536,25.864954],[-81.458487,25.868929],[-81.48751,25.888411],[-81.508979,25.884037],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.577363,25.889206],[-81.654493,25.893579],[-81.678287,25.845301],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.749724,25.960463],[-81.747834,25.994273],[-81.801663,26.088227],[-81.833142,26.294518],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-81.91171,26.427158],[-81.964212,26.457957],[-81.969509,26.476505],[-82.008961,26.484052],[-82.00908,26.505203],[-82.024604,26.512677],[-82.06715,26.513252],[-82.07175,26.492554],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.137869,26.637441],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.173516,26.701836],[-82.139019,26.702986],[-82.099922,26.662739],[-82.086698,26.685162],[-82.055076,26.802452],[-82.059101,26.876621],[-82.090723,26.888694],[-82.093023,26.906518],[-82.090148,26.923191],[-82.067725,26.927791],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.107972,26.957688],[-82.137294,26.926066],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.17869,26.772555],[-82.221812,26.77198],[-82.232193,26.78288],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.269499,26.784674],[-82.289086,26.827784],[-82.445718,27.060634],[-82.539719,27.254326],[-82.569754,27.279452],[-82.569248,27.298588],[-82.597629,27.335754],[-82.691821,27.437218],[-82.714521,27.500415],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.708121,27.523514],[-82.710621,27.501715],[-82.690421,27.496415],[-82.674621,27.519614],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.613003,27.582837],[-82.570607,27.608882],[-82.514265,27.705588],[-82.482449,27.719886],[-82.482305,27.742649],[-82.434635,27.764355],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.402615,27.882602],[-82.413915,27.901401],[-82.451591,27.907506],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.489817,27.9196],[-82.488057,27.863566],[-82.471624,27.847342],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.511193,27.828015],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.552918,27.862702],[-82.529918,27.877501],[-82.541747,27.893706],[-82.531318,27.9039],[-82.533718,27.932999],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.62959,27.998474],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.684793,27.971824],[-82.716522,27.958398],[-82.721429,27.940222],[-82.685121,27.916299],[-82.628063,27.910397],[-82.63212,27.8911],[-82.61002,27.873501],[-82.567919,27.883701],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.598443,27.857582],[-82.586519,27.816703],[-82.622723,27.779868],[-82.63362,27.710607],[-82.718822,27.692007],[-82.716322,27.651409],[-82.698091,27.638858],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.746223,27.731306],[-82.783124,27.783804],[-82.828561,27.822254],[-82.849126,27.8632],[-82.840882,27.937162],[-82.831388,27.962117],[-82.821975,27.956868],[-82.838484,27.909111],[-82.805462,27.960201],[-82.782724,28.055894],[-82.786624,28.144991],[-82.808474,28.154803],[-82.805097,28.172181],[-82.762643,28.219013],[-82.764103,28.244345],[-82.732792,28.291933],[-82.73146,28.325075],[-82.706112,28.368057],[-82.706322,28.401325],[-82.678743,28.433456],[-82.680396,28.457194],[-82.665055,28.484434],[-82.669416,28.519879],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.674665,28.647588],[-82.668889,28.694302],[-82.712373,28.720921],[-82.698281,28.75701],[-82.730245,28.850155],[-82.688864,28.905609],[-82.735754,28.973709],[-82.737872,28.995703],[-82.764055,28.999707],[-82.753513,29.026496],[-82.759704,29.054192],[-82.783328,29.064619],[-82.780558,29.07358],[-82.816925,29.076215],[-82.823659,29.098902],[-82.798876,29.114504],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-82.827073,29.158425],[-82.987162,29.180094],[-83.019071,29.141324],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.068249,29.153135],[-83.065242,29.184489],[-83.087839,29.21642],[-83.077265,29.255331],[-83.169576,29.290355],[-83.175518,29.34469],[-83.200702,29.373855],[-83.218075,29.420492],[-83.294747,29.437923],[-83.311546,29.475666],[-83.33113,29.475594],[-83.356722,29.499901],[-83.400252,29.517242],[-83.39948,29.612956],[-83.412278,29.666922],[-83.455356,29.676444],[-83.547172,29.732223],[-83.584716,29.77608],[-83.585899,29.811754],[-83.618568,29.842336],[-83.63798,29.886073],[-83.686423,29.923735],[-83.93151,30.039068],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.06299,30.101378],[-84.167881,30.071422],[-84.19853,30.087937],[-84.237014,30.08556],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.269363,30.09766],[-84.277168,30.060263],[-84.297836,30.057451],[-84.315344,30.069492],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.361962,29.987739],[-84.343041,29.9751],[-84.333746,29.923721],[-84.343389,29.899539],[-84.378937,29.893112],[-84.423834,29.902996],[-84.451705,29.929085],[-84.511996,29.916574],[-84.603303,29.876117],[-84.669728,29.82891],[-84.692053,29.829059],[-84.755595,29.78854],[-84.868271,29.742454],[-84.888031,29.722406],[-84.901781,29.735723],[-84.877111,29.772888],[-84.90413,29.786279],[-84.993264,29.714961],[-85.121473,29.715854],[-85.259719,29.681296],[-85.319215,29.681494],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.397871,29.740498],[-85.413983,29.799865],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.392469,29.870914],[-85.405907,29.80193],[-85.37796,29.709621],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.31139,29.697557],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.363731,29.898915],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-85.509148,29.971466],[-85.571907,30.02644],[-85.588242,30.055543],[-85.69681,30.09689],[-85.775405,30.15629],[-85.9226,30.238024],[-86.222561,30.343585],[-86.412076,30.380346],[-86.632953,30.396299],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-87.206254,30.320943],[-87.295422,30.323503],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.452378,30.300201],[-87.450078,30.3111],[-87.50278,30.307301],[-87.502572,30.327405],[-87.464878,30.3333],[-87.426177,30.409198],[-87.403477,30.410198],[-87.366591,30.436648],[-87.425078,30.465596],[-87.431178,30.495795],[-87.447702,30.510458],[-87.395026,30.615281],[-87.397262,30.654351],[-87.406958,30.675165],[-87.532607,30.743489],[-87.552051,30.786254],[-87.600486,30.820627],[-87.634938,30.865886],[-87.592055,30.951492],[-87.599172,30.995722],[-87.571281,30.99787],[-85.002368,31.000682],[-85.035615,31.108192],[-85.076628,31.156927],[-85.100207,31.16549],[-85.108133,31.195637],[-85.098844,31.232524],[-85.112762,31.280037],[-85.087695,31.304053],[-85.092487,31.362881],[-85.065554,31.439543],[-85.071621,31.468384],[-85.041881,31.544684],[-85.05796,31.57084],[-85.057527,31.616883],[-85.12233,31.691265],[-85.12523,31.767063],[-85.140431,31.779663],[-85.131331,31.817562],[-85.140231,31.855261],[-85.131631,31.88676],[-85.11203,31.89476],[-85.113131,31.911859],[-85.07893,31.940159],[-85.08683,31.957758],[-85.065929,31.971158],[-85.047063,32.087389],[-85.06206,32.132486],[-85.008531,32.181903],[-84.965032,32.196642],[-84.962227,32.212503],[-84.930127,32.219051],[-84.892315,32.258189],[-84.9338,32.29826],[-85.007103,32.328362],[-84.978727,32.376212],[-84.979431,32.412244],[-84.96343,32.422544],[-84.967031,32.435343],[-84.993531,32.450743],[-85.0071,32.523868],[-85.076399,32.594665],[-85.098259,32.642708],[-85.093536,32.669734],[-85.112637,32.683434],[-85.119577,32.734223],[-85.138101,32.753836],[-85.133275,32.780609],[-85.167939,32.811612],[-85.160462,32.847148],[-85.1844,32.861317],[-85.605165,34.984678],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-83.108714,35.000768],[-83.130554,34.930932],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.209683,34.880279],[-83.23751,34.877057],[-83.269982,34.837196],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.29112,34.822508],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.321008,34.765371],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.349975,34.699155],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-82.908365,34.485402],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.798198,34.341317],[-82.773702,34.288744],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.596155,34.030517],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.43115,33.867051],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.299601,33.786483],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.133523,33.590535],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.048959,33.56487],[-82.012426,33.532088],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.913532,33.441274],[-81.924981,33.429288],[-81.919217,33.413126],[-81.9373,33.401259],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.946737,33.36734],[-81.939837,33.347741],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.846136,33.303843],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.853137,33.250745],[-81.807936,33.213747],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.757083,33.198122],[-81.772435,33.181249],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.617779,33.095277],[-81.594555,33.069887],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.507144,32.96133],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.468978,32.901083],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.410845,32.741694],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.401256,32.680156],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.394589,32.64957],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.389338,32.595436],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.281324,32.556464],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.237095,32.517314],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.192429,32.464786],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.161732,32.356092],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.119833,32.289596],[-81.155595,32.246022],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.006745,32.101152],[-80.926753,32.041672],[-80.84313,32.024226],[-80.841913,32.002643],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-80.911207,31.943769],[-80.948491,31.95723],[-80.972392,31.94127],[-80.968494,31.915822],[-80.934508,31.90918],[-80.99269,31.857641],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.05907,31.850106],[-81.076178,31.836132],[-81.036873,31.812721],[-81.068116,31.768735],[-81.130634,31.722692],[-81.192784,31.733245],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.161084,31.691401],[-81.131137,31.695774],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.173079,31.555908],[-81.204315,31.568183],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.263905,31.532579],[-81.217948,31.527284],[-81.199518,31.537596],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.278798,31.367214],[-81.282923,31.326491],[-81.25482,31.315452],[-81.269906,31.294489],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.314183,31.207938],[-81.339028,31.186918],[-81.368241,31.136534],[-81.399677,31.134113],[-81.401267,31.072781],[-81.420474,31.016703],[-81.451444,31.015515],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.426929,30.956615],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.405153,30.908203],[-81.460061,30.769912],[-81.444124,30.709714]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Florida\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolt, M. Rebecca","contributorId":351809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolt","given":"M. Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":84051,"text":"NASA Environmental and Medical Contract","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauder, Javan Mathias 0000-0002-2055-5324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-5324","contributorId":337814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauder","given":"Javan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Legare, Michael L.","contributorId":351810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legare","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":84053,"text":"Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Christopher L.","contributorId":351811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[{"id":13223,"text":"The Orianne Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rothermel, Betsie B.","contributorId":351812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rothermel","given":"Betsie B.","affiliations":[{"id":17991,"text":"Archbold Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breininger, David R.","contributorId":351813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breininger","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":84051,"text":"NASA Environmental and Medical Contract","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248000,"text":"ofr20231062 - 2023 - Restoration of Gavia immer (common loon) in Minnesota—2022 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T16:35:37.956518","indexId":"ofr20231062","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-30T15:25:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1062","displayTitle":"Restoration of Gavia immer (Common Loon) in Minnesota—2022 Annual Report","title":"Restoration of Gavia immer (common loon) in Minnesota—2022 annual report","docAbstract":"The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon mobile drilling platform on April 20, 2010, caused a massive oil spill and injury to natural resources in the Gulf of Mexico. Gavia immer (common loon) were negatively affected from the spill. The Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group funded the project “Restoration of Common Loons in Minnesota” to restore common loons lost to the spill. Here, we report on activities conducted for this project in an eight-county region in Minnesota in calendar year 2022. We identified a subset of territories that were monitored in 2021 as focal territories (n=99) from which multiyear study inferences can ultimately be made. We monitored nonfocal territories on all study lakes as well. We conducted surveys from May 9 to August 12, 2022. At least 1 nest attempt was observed in 68 of 99 focal territories, and a second nest attempt after a failed initial attempt was observed in 17 focal territories. Chicks or other evidence of hatching was observed in 33 of 99 territories. Data collected in 2021 and 2022 for this project are presented in a U.S. Geological Survey data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LA536E). We present no formal data analysis in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Fara, L.J., Houdek, S.C., Rabasco, R., Rettler, S., Rasmussen, E., Kenow, K.P., Gray, B.R., Yang, S., and Amoth, K., 2023, Restoration of Gavia immer (common loon) in Minnesota—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1062, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 5 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151382","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420377,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231062/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420327,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LA536E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Summary of detection data for breeding common loons in north-central Minnesota (2021–2022)"},{"id":420325,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1062/ofr20231062.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":420324,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1062/ofr20231062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1062"},{"id":420322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1062/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420326,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1062/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
1) We recently demonstrated efficacy of automated curtailment of wind turbines in reducing fatalities of eagles at a study site in Wyoming, USA. Huso and Dalthorp criticize our work, asserting that there are several ‘major errors’ that render our previous work as providing ‘no meaningful support’ for automated curtailment. As we show here, our data do indeed provide support for the efficacy of automated curtailment.
2) The purported major errors they identify include: having only 1 year of post-treatment data, having only one control and one treatment site, using the control site for inference, choosing an arbitrary demarcation date between the ‘before’ and ‘after’ periods, analysing the number, rather than the rate, of fatalities, and not including data they consider pertinent. These claims are unsupported because all result from misreading our study, ignoring realities of causal inference in field ecology, or are matters of preference.
3) Most importantly, we did not fail to include pertinent data and we provided sufficient criteria in the manuscript to explain inclusion of carcasses in our study. As stated in our previous study, the eagle carcasses we did not include were found either outside of search areas or incidentally, and thus did not meet criteria for inclusion. Further, Huso and Dalthorp present a standard for spatial and temporal replication that is inconsistent with their own recent work and many other studies in this field. Finally, their reanalysis of our data ignores the control site while including inappropriate data and thus is not suitable for inference.
4) We appreciate the unusually thorough critique of our work provided by Huso and Dalthorp. Despite the major errors in their argument, this discussion provides a platform for further evaluation of our original work.
5) Synthesis and applications. We show that incorporating control site data and using our a priori demarcation of before and after periods into Huso and Dalthorp's reanalysis returns meaningful support for automated curtailment. We also direct the reader to an updated analysis that uses components of the approach Huso and Dalthorp suggest, along with additional data and a number of other analytical improvements, to validate and strengthen our original conclusions.
As human development continues to expand, wildlife must relocate or adapt to survive. Many mammalian mesopredators, such as the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), have adapted to living alongside human development. Furthermore, top-down predation pressure may be altered in nuanced ways within the human environment. Species such as opossums may be shielded from predation by human development or behavioral changes in predators. Understanding how dominant and subordinate mesopredators co-exist across natural and developed areas will provide insight into how wildlife communities are structured. Our objective was to evaluate how opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity were associated with human development and the relative abundance of their predators. We used data from a nationwide camera trapping study, Snapshot USA, to estimate opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity. We related these measures to the surrounding landscape and urbanization variables. We found that opossum occupancy was positively associated with anthropogenic sound (a surrogate for human activity). Furthermore, opossums in heavily forested areas were more likely to be detected in locations with higher predicted anthropogenic sounds. In areas with a high density of human housing, opossum relative abundance increased when predator abundance increased. We also found opossums were strictly nocturnal and shifted their activity to earlier in the evening in the presence of high predator abundance. Our results suggest that humans and their urban development can have multidimensional impacts on opossum behavior and occurrence, and could facilitate changes in predator–prey dynamics. Future research should evaluate if the association of opossums with urban areas is due to human-subsidized resources or caused by reduced mortality from altered predator–prey dynamics.
We enhanced the agro-hydrologic VegET model to include snow accumulation and melt processes and the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage. Driven by global weather datasets and parameterized by land surface phenology (LSP), the enhanced VegET model was implemented in the cloud to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) and the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Evaluation of the VegET model with independent data showed satisfactory performance, capturing the temporal variability of SM (Pearson correlation r: 0.22–0.97), snowpack (r: 0.86–0.88), ETa (r: 0.41–0.97), and spatial variability of R (r: 0.81–0.90). Absolute magnitudes showed some biases, indicating the need of calibrating the model for water budget analysis. The seasonal Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI) for CONUS and GHA showed realistic depictions of drought hazard extent and severity, indicating the usefulness of the L-WRSI for the convergence of an evidence toolkit used by the Famine Early Warning System Network to monitor potential food insecurity conditions in different parts of the world. Using projected weather datasets and landcover-based LSP, the VegET model can be used not only for global monitoring of drought conditions, but also for evaluating scenarios on the effect of a changing climate and land cover on agriculture and water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/hydrology10080168","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Kagone, S., Parrish, G.E., Khand, K., Boiko, O., and Velpuri, N., 2023, Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring: Hydrology, v. 10, no. 8, 168, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080168.","productDescription":"168, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155571","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080168","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ILC6RP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"VegET v2.0 illustrative products and evaluation"},{"id":420242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, United States","otherGeospatial":"Horn of Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.66149953687676,\n 23.16077265369536\n ],\n [\n 35.215032957862775,\n 22.810787977082754\n ],\n [\n 34.924498756952346,\n 22.93713507888984\n ],\n [\n 34.673206991345836,\n 22.4036040801072\n ],\n [\n 34.07997382846523,\n 22.206563593115433\n ],\n [\n 33.9713847749432,\n 21.850901287523698\n ],\n [\n 33.549154202958846,\n 21.769298728651634\n ],\n [\n 33.20090527812343,\n 22.01306840475317\n ],\n [\n 25.001388357290978,\n 22.095156519640398\n ],\n [\n 25.044261096550485,\n 20.027460483218647\n ],\n [\n 23.900456829751818,\n 20.128527863351295\n ],\n [\n 24.00431365702147,\n 15.780117584376825\n ],\n [\n 23.051933848172013,\n 15.819206605318357\n ],\n [\n 22.915406201178286,\n 15.28146564250774\n ],\n [\n 22.60090610777499,\n 14.901155202018202\n ],\n [\n 22.38285055442344,\n 14.584738841182613\n ],\n [\n 22.402542518694958,\n 14.177533023924099\n ],\n [\n 22.027030115721146,\n 13.844276370078248\n ],\n [\n 22.20565734986613,\n 13.34759116508306\n ],\n [\n 21.69547885189982,\n 12.886860681190086\n ],\n [\n 21.866830566542518,\n 12.541111043787069\n ],\n [\n 22.231406249881957,\n 12.649133479590645\n ],\n [\n 22.24818446005483,\n 12.150842032884725\n ],\n [\n 22.475429614187135,\n 11.558355349941564\n ],\n [\n 22.794582553464863,\n 11.31705154440229\n ],\n [\n 22.700718412759443,\n 10.916739395711204\n ],\n [\n 23.603008692801097,\n 9.745211281582897\n ],\n [\n 23.35528715505842,\n 9.141686342100726\n ],\n [\n 23.464019305181267,\n 8.696003261047494\n ],\n [\n 24.129990785168758,\n 8.663321971385415\n ],\n [\n 24.03243457580146,\n 8.212201904867129\n ],\n [\n 24.644927086937145,\n 8.077625344055292\n ],\n [\n 25.0536052122535,\n 7.687860062246287\n ],\n [\n 26.218414290500846,\n 6.6617820902555565\n ],\n [\n 26.26954460156577,\n 6.010199758432478\n ],\n [\n 26.972219823703966,\n 5.821253705880437\n ],\n [\n 27.42236039836331,\n 5.0206535184217245\n ],\n [\n 28.220967837724373,\n 4.2184017794891275\n ],\n [\n 28.770490704938595,\n 4.477541534743764\n ],\n [\n 29.269056058042338,\n 4.226226484049036\n ],\n [\n 29.618182082603937,\n 4.430827323553757\n ],\n [\n 30.415996231409167,\n 3.6662761745211583\n ],\n [\n 30.71565070760937,\n 3.3578865106675835\n ],\n [\n 30.766131352106413,\n 2.8946478385320944\n ],\n [\n 30.566720077696488,\n 2.481913779203836\n ],\n [\n 31.167713101127816,\n 2.1152895589032568\n ],\n [\n 29.817317017627175,\n 0.7165237463233609\n ],\n [\n 29.618685805883786,\n -0.15487300743937737\n ],\n [\n 29.420789634033582,\n -1.1709862488511646\n ],\n [\n 28.825594153531995,\n -1.9256904247536397\n ],\n [\n 28.876080729137982,\n -2.628884941636869\n ],\n [\n 29.12452615491182,\n -3.1799952038629726\n ],\n [\n 29.223752000162307,\n -4.424767662525014\n ],\n [\n 29.273117565682668,\n -4.9704255528993855\n ],\n [\n 29.520798762342366,\n -5.663872911120151\n ],\n [\n 29.47078909597394,\n -6.158093758629434\n ],\n [\n 30.215905718470253,\n -6.948590570948667\n ],\n [\n 30.565597260409476,\n -8.231812336134126\n ],\n [\n 30.96623995764091,\n -8.77471898650684\n ],\n [\n 31.416241984550624,\n -8.773811732532366\n ],\n [\n 33.63516500202144,\n -9.706064535603886\n ],\n [\n 34.090415333588965,\n -9.703537742608972\n ],\n [\n 34.3022614043887,\n -10.249211555522464\n ],\n [\n 34.46416521726684,\n -10.746617323932199\n ],\n [\n 34.786828567772176,\n -11.494860970158612\n ],\n [\n 35.91797290155591,\n -11.489598163805553\n ],\n [\n 36.18724384346601,\n -11.839977236943326\n ],\n [\n 36.75498946834247,\n -11.736488596798083\n ],\n [\n 37.38287904132653,\n -11.783391339939342\n ],\n [\n 37.94394826806996,\n -11.376594875445846\n ],\n [\n 38.43035711245557,\n -11.675896747502293\n ],\n [\n 38.88929676473444,\n -11.26843281952415\n ],\n [\n 40.55862850505247,\n -10.341890613497412\n ],\n [\n 40.2725501577834,\n -9.941893162306016\n ],\n [\n 39.80391159350688,\n -8.79217167489739\n ],\n [\n 40.253012597528055,\n -7.779759436204287\n ],\n [\n 39.96386276315465,\n -6.7322993039644246\n ],\n [\n 40.148631659184275,\n -4.211803520583075\n ],\n [\n 40.57508421251404,\n -3.0311854326670016\n ],\n [\n 41.54937630457536,\n -2.071125543333764\n ],\n [\n 43.48017183270562,\n 0.425931449015593\n ],\n [\n 45.061028057076584,\n 1.4406776583722092\n ],\n [\n 46.787616085371525,\n 2.6694559855213953\n ],\n [\n 48.36090804932371,\n 4.499256071056394\n ],\n [\n 49.313409095384856,\n 5.893956194894059\n ],\n [\n 49.36782915049031,\n 6.7447041830228756\n ],\n [\n 50.14497734494694,\n 7.823485619313246\n ],\n [\n 51.04801509590209,\n 9.345799908297195\n ],\n [\n 51.11341560003913,\n 9.942382649391888\n ],\n [\n 51.48922533905781,\n 10.332116776041133\n ],\n [\n 51.23143204505686,\n 12.134887151518527\n ],\n [\n 50.661586719958365,\n 12.34511781153428\n ],\n [\n 49.80593101349717,\n 11.612213746291161\n ],\n [\n 49.080753910776764,\n 11.524491006490265\n ],\n [\n 48.56811409917759,\n 11.581624406952358\n ],\n [\n 48.103262349180255,\n 11.389470859897443\n ],\n [\n 47.648419276862484,\n 11.642872720589295\n ],\n [\n 46.57087287143847,\n 10.961196358460441\n ],\n [\n 45.915209558130755,\n 11.115051670957314\n ],\n [\n 44.953598731519804,\n 10.627269392476848\n ],\n [\n 44.400666361195334,\n 10.62967881692029\n ],\n [\n 43.849636642884974,\n 11.223444375716056\n ],\n [\n 43.549961815008174,\n 12.60798657124269\n ],\n [\n 43.29724459994077,\n 13.10371964736403\n ],\n [\n 42.738391896638916,\n 13.500678657371466\n ],\n [\n 42.430516701166056,\n 14.197041374230594\n ],\n [\n 41.91998544725911,\n 14.196146633598573\n ],\n [\n 41.298405541213185,\n 14.944097118431372\n ],\n [\n 40.83368600836823,\n 15.092987287677431\n ],\n [\n 40.45975795600643,\n 15.845951028476051\n ],\n [\n 39.78339234554514,\n 15.944353425667401\n ],\n [\n 39.10519131886139,\n 17.722912707267156\n ],\n [\n 38.65524765411226,\n 18.443050508972235\n ],\n [\n 37.8255100810116,\n 19.06482908907445\n ],\n [\n 37.526481203572075,\n 19.640233637135054\n ],\n [\n 37.65992249323446,\n 21.17833192094463\n ],\n [\n 37.03823204308989,\n 22.261274700884655\n ],\n [\n 35.66149953687676,\n 23.16077265369536\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kagone, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":210980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagone","given":"Stefanie","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Gabriel Edwin Lee 0000-0003-4078-3516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-3516","contributorId":267751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin Lee","affiliations":[{"id":55490,"text":"Innovate! Inc., Contractor to the USGS EROS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khand, Kul Bikram 0000-0002-1593-1508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-1508","contributorId":259185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khand","given":"Kul Bikram","affiliations":[{"id":52326,"text":"AFDS, Contractor to USGS ERSOS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boiko, Olena 0000-0002-2007-7852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-7852","contributorId":272079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boiko","given":"Olena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56343,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":222983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":40633,"text":"CIGAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247956,"text":"70247956 - 2023 - Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T16:38:03.899689","indexId":"70247956","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T08:51:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","docAbstract":"Petroleum within unconventional source-rock reservoirs is hosted in organic matter and mineral pore space as well as in voids and microfractures. Recent work has shown that for source-rock reservoirs in the dry gas window, significant portions of methane (CH4), the main component of petroleum at elevated maturities, can be stored within fine (<5 nm) organic matter porosity. However, within reservoirs at lower thermal maturities (e.g., peak oil or wet-gas conditions), the distribution and behavior of CH4 and the higher alkanes that comprise gas condensates across pore sizes is unclear, especially for pores with diameters <50 nm. Understanding CH4 distribution within these settings provides insight for petroleum generation, movement, and recoverability, ultimately enabling increased accuracy of estimated ultimate recovery. Here wide Q-range total neutron scattering was used to evaluate perdeuterated methane (CD4) behavior at reservoir pressures (200–750 bar) and temperature (60 °C) in a sample at the late oil/wet gas thermal maturity stage from the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, an active petroleum producing formation within the Denver-Julesburg Basin, U.S.
Neutron scattering data show that mesopores within the Niobrara Formation sample exhibit mass fractal scattering, similar to previously measured U.S. marine shale samples. In the presence of CD4, scattering intensities between Q = 0.02–0.1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 25 to 5 nm, respectively) decrease with increased pressure up to 750 bar where at least 80% of all pores with ~25 nm diameters are CD4 accessible. In contrast, between Q = 0.1–1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 5 to 0.5 nm, respectively), scattering intensity initially increased at the lowest CD4 pressure tested (200 bar) before decreasing with increasing pressure. These signal fluctuations with CD4 pressure are interpreted to arise from the creation of pores with diameters <5 nm, likely through deformation of solid bitumen by supercritical CD4, and/or the incorporation of CD4 within sample organic matter. This new porosity represents an increase of at least ~8% in available pore volume within the sample, although the majority of these pores do not persist following removal of CD4. Additionally, there is strong evidence for densification of CD4 within the sample indicated by a shift in the CD4 intermolecular scattering peak to higher Q-values compared to bulk CD4. These results provide insight into fluid properties within source-rock reservoirs at late oil/wet gas thermal maturities, especially as they relate to organic porosity interconnectivity, and are discussed with perspective toward pressure management of gas condensate wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","usgsCitation":"Jubb, A., Ruppert, L., Youngs, T.G., Headen, T., Birdwell, J.E., Cheshire, M., and Stokes, M., 2023, Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 277, 104349, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349.","productDescription":"104349, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154727","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver-Julesburg Basin, Niobrara Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":242600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Youngs, Tristan G. A.","contributorId":202502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youngs","given":"Tristan","email":"","middleInitial":"G. A.","affiliations":[{"id":36465,"text":"Disordered Materials Group (ISIS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Headen, Tom","contributorId":328770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Headen","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":78486,"text":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cheshire, Michael","contributorId":328771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheshire","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78487,"text":"Chevron Technology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stokes, Martha 0000-0002-2838-8380","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-8380","contributorId":269608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250459,"text":"70250459 - 2023 - Assessing contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes Ecosystem: A decade of method development and practical application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:49:10.90772","indexId":"70250459","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T06:43:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes Ecosystem: A decade of method development and practical application","docAbstract":"Assessing the ecological risk of contaminants in the field typically involves consideration of a complex mixture of compounds which may or may not be detected via instrumental analyses. Further, there are insufficient data to predict the potential biological effects of many detected compounds, leading to their being characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Over the past several years, advances in chemistry, toxicology, and bioinformatics have resulted in a variety of concepts and tools that can enhance the pragmatic assessment of the ecological risk of CECs. The present Focus article describes a 10+- year multiagency effort supported through the U.S. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to assess the occurrence and implications of CECs in the North American Great Lakes. State-of-the-science methods and models were used to evaluate more than 700 sites in about approximately 200 tributaries across lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, sometimes on multiple occasions. Studies featured measurement of up to 500 different target analytes in different environmental matrices, coupled with evaluation of biological effects in resident species, animals from in situ and laboratory exposures, and in vitro systems. Experimental taxa included birds, fish, and a variety of invertebrates, and measured endpoints ranged from molecular to apical responses. Data were integrated and evaluated using a diversity of curated knowledgebases and models with the goal of producing actionable insights for risk assessors and managers charged with evaluating and mitigating the effects of CECs in the Great Lakes. This overview is based on research and data captured in approximately about 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and reports, including approximately about 30 appearing in a virtual issue comprised of highlighted papers published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry or Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2506–2518. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Mantle plumes originate at depths near the core−mantle boundary (~2,800 km). As such, they provide invaluable information about the composition of the deep mantle and insight into convection, crustal formation, and crustal recycling, as well as global heat and volatile budgets. In this Review, we discuss the effectiveness and challenges of using isotopic analyses of plume-generated rocks to infer mantle composition and to constrain geodynamic models. Isotopic analyses of plume-derived ocean island basalts, including radiogenic (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, W, noble gas) and stable isotopes (Li, C, O, S, Fe, Tl), permit determination of mantle plume composition, which in turn generate insight into mantle plume origins, dynamics, mantle heterogeneities, early-formed mantle reservoirs, crustal recycling processes, core−mantle interactions and mantle evolution. Nevertheless, the magmatic flux, temperature, tectonic environment and compositions of mantle plumes can vary. Consequently, plumes and their melts are best evaluated along a spectrum that acknowledges their different properties, particularly mantle flux, before making interpretations about the interior of the Earth. To provide insight into specific mantle and plume processes, future work should document correlations across elemental and isotopic data sets on the same sample powder, coordinate targeting sampling strategies, and refine stable isotopic fractionation factors through experiments. Such work will benefit from collaboration across geochemical laboratories, as well as among geochemists, mineral physicists, seismologists and geodynamicists.
On August 14, 2021, a Mw 7.2 earthquake struck the Tiburon Peninsula of western Haiti triggering thousands of landslides. Three days after the earthquake on August 17, 2021, Tropical Storm Grace crossed shallow waters offshore of southern Haiti triggering more landslides worsening the situation. In the aftermath of these events, several organizations with disaster response capabilities or programs activated to provide information on the location of landslides to first responders on the ground. Utilizing remote sensing to support rapid response, one organization manually mapped initiation point of landslides and three automatically detected landslides. The 2021 Haiti event also provided a unique opportunity to test different automated landslide detection methods that utilized both SAR and optical data in a rapid response scenario where rapid situational awareness was critical. As the methods used are highly replicable, the main goal of this study is to summarize the landslide rapid response products released by the organizations, detection methods, quantify accuracy and provide guidelines on how some of the shortcomings encountered in this effort might be addressed in the future. To support this validation, a manually mapped polygon-based landslide inventory covering the entire affected area was created and is also released through this effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s11069-023-06096-6","usgsCitation":"Amatya, P., Scheip, C., Deprez, A., Malet, J., Slaughter, S.L., Handwerger, A.L., Emberson, R., Kirschbaum, D., Jean-Baptiste, J., Huang, M., Clark, M., Zekkos, D., Huang, J., Pacini, F., and Boissier, E., 2023, Learnings from rapid response efforts to remotely detect landslides triggered by the August 2021 Nippes earthquake and Tropical Storm Grace in Haiti: Natural Hazards, v. 118, p. 2337-2375, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06096-6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2375","ipdsId":"IP-150436","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06096-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.73990258085917,\n 18.021578017091983\n ],\n [\n -71.73728835648429,\n 18.051407137849424\n ],\n [\n -71.73467413210882,\n 18.078746053300264\n ],\n [\n -71.72944568335781,\n 18.106080711045976\n ],\n [\n -71.74513102961015,\n 18.1532850751434\n ],\n [\n -71.77650172211361,\n 18.183091791360056\n ],\n [\n -71.69284654210404,\n 18.346937514067847\n ],\n [\n -71.78957284399048,\n 18.384153571752194\n ],\n [\n -71.80525819024218,\n 18.401518317367078\n ],\n [\n -71.82617198524491,\n 18.408959815365165\n ],\n [\n -71.83401465837078,\n 18.43872258961592\n ],\n [\n -71.89675604337825,\n 18.461041288546483\n ],\n [\n -71.90198449212859,\n 18.478398270442725\n ],\n [\n -71.8706137996252,\n 18.4883157570726\n ],\n [\n -71.8706137996252,\n 18.508149008190102\n ],\n [\n -71.94381208213404,\n 18.582503216576583\n ],\n [\n -71.96211165276063,\n 18.614713309984623\n ],\n [\n -71.99348234526468,\n 18.624622881577622\n ],\n [\n -71.96734010151162,\n 18.644440291760617\n ],\n [\n -71.92028406275584,\n 18.62710018423931\n ],\n [\n -71.90459871650411,\n 18.6394861559219\n ],\n [\n -71.87845647275104,\n 18.624622881577622\n ],\n [\n -71.80264396586668,\n 18.62710018423931\n ],\n [\n -71.79741551711632,\n 18.681591701507458\n ],\n [\n -71.77650172211361,\n 18.69892624003218\n ],\n [\n -71.72421723460745,\n 18.711306966694735\n ],\n [\n -71.7137603371061,\n 18.815269249799087\n ],\n [\n -71.71637456148162,\n 18.844960974398646\n ],\n [\n -71.71898878585709,\n 18.877121083958215\n ],\n [\n -71.7346741321082,\n 18.89330464318263\n ],\n [\n -71.76604482461163,\n 18.913090500216455\n ],\n [\n -71.77650172211297,\n 18.960072525381634\n ],\n [\n -71.8000297414912,\n 18.967489531075188\n ],\n [\n -71.82878620961912,\n 18.972434018223638\n ],\n [\n -71.87061379962456,\n 18.955127671651056\n ],\n [\n -71.83140043399462,\n 18.987266599399433\n ],\n [\n -71.78434439523883,\n 18.992210499594208\n ],\n [\n -71.75035947835991,\n 19.03422772013296\n ],\n [\n -71.71376033710548,\n 19.049054791015607\n ],\n [\n -71.6876180933524,\n 19.0910576282576\n ],\n [\n -71.6719327471007,\n 19.10587961625845\n ],\n [\n -71.65101895209797,\n 19.10587961625845\n ],\n [\n -71.64317627897212,\n 19.135519607147955\n ],\n [\n -71.61441981084354,\n 19.199721329961278\n ],\n [\n -71.63271938147076,\n 19.23428112047938\n ],\n [\n -71.66931852272516,\n 19.239217640056154\n ],\n [\n -71.69023231772789,\n 19.24909023387052\n ],\n [\n -71.71637456148098,\n 19.283639632796607\n ],\n [\n -71.74251680523405,\n 19.286107168277596\n ],\n [\n -71.76604482461163,\n 19.33298327265311\n ],\n [\n -71.71637456148098,\n 19.35271655711162\n ],\n [\n -71.68238964460207,\n 19.350250027040374\n ],\n [\n -71.68238964460207,\n 19.39217596362937\n ],\n [\n -71.6719327471007,\n 19.443951918682373\n ],\n [\n -71.68500386897689,\n 19.480924636668306\n ],\n [\n -71.68238964460207,\n 19.51542489427416\n ],\n [\n -71.70591766397959,\n 19.559771550329387\n ],\n [\n -71.73205990773268,\n 19.589329215931826\n ],\n [\n -71.7346741321082,\n 19.628730995988164\n ],\n [\n -71.71898878585648,\n 19.648428263977095\n ],\n [\n -71.74774525398443,\n 19.68043116769134\n ],\n [\n -71.7529737027354,\n 19.712427679244527\n ],\n [\n -71.9882538965137,\n 19.741957239638566\n ],\n [\n -72.07975174964913,\n 19.746878302309085\n ],\n [\n -72.152950032158,\n 19.783781434040066\n ],\n [\n -72.18177430104367,\n 19.79236792407636\n ],\n [\n -72.31248551980904,\n 19.784988378950445\n ],\n [\n -72.36215578294032,\n 19.812045038645095\n ],\n [\n -72.37784112919203,\n 19.83417888276584\n ],\n [\n -72.40136914856963,\n 19.824341999245704\n ],\n [\n -72.41966871919685,\n 19.84401515716013\n ],\n [\n -72.47718165545399,\n 19.84401515716013\n ],\n [\n -72.51900924545876,\n 19.85630964318706\n ],\n [\n -72.57390795734044,\n 19.90301999777118\n ],\n [\n -72.62096399609622,\n 20.013594755921176\n ],\n [\n -72.64449201547379,\n 20.038156388765543\n ],\n [\n -72.75951788798746,\n 20.08726813166288\n ],\n [\n -72.78827435611602,\n 20.101998654947565\n ],\n [\n -72.98172695988889,\n 20.074991637509555\n ],\n [\n -73.18563646116374,\n 19.934971774143506\n ],\n [\n -73.3006623336774,\n 19.86614454612628\n ],\n [\n -73.33987569930669,\n 19.851391963066163\n ],\n [\n -73.43921622556863,\n 19.84647413055349\n ],\n [\n -73.44957198636023,\n 19.82197782768216\n ],\n [\n -73.40774439635543,\n 19.80968068422736\n ],\n [\n -73.47048578136294,\n 19.76294287220672\n ],\n [\n -73.46264310823707,\n 19.686657038355833\n ],\n [\n -73.4338866401085,\n 19.64973147827928\n ],\n [\n -73.36591680635063,\n 19.6127974190524\n ],\n [\n -73.27180472883906,\n 19.620184910187575\n ],\n [\n -73.22997713883427,\n 19.61772245086358\n ],\n [\n -73.20906334383153,\n 19.64726947193391\n ],\n [\n -73.16984997820225,\n 19.61772245086358\n ],\n [\n -73.10972281756962,\n 19.625109715652357\n ],\n [\n -73.07312367631519,\n 19.622647331785146\n ],\n [\n -72.98162582317975,\n 19.57092856098103\n ],\n [\n -72.87444262379198,\n 19.524121080566374\n ],\n [\n -72.81954391191033,\n 19.50194438050464\n ],\n [\n -72.77510209753001,\n 19.44772187555914\n ],\n [\n -72.7385029562756,\n 19.430465457388507\n ],\n [\n -72.7385029562756,\n 19.39101533284473\n ],\n [\n -72.76725942440353,\n 19.38608339453802\n ],\n [\n -72.78555899503074,\n 19.344155890516603\n ],\n [\n -72.75941675127767,\n 19.31208641099944\n ],\n [\n -72.73588873190009,\n 19.304684868101006\n ],\n [\n -72.7515740781518,\n 19.292348219013547\n ],\n [\n -72.77771632190489,\n 19.304684868101006\n ],\n [\n -72.78817321940623,\n 19.24546047622171\n ],\n [\n -72.81170123878447,\n 19.22324581411405\n ],\n [\n -72.76203097565316,\n 19.149175263485404\n ],\n [\n -72.71758916127287,\n 19.129417493949845\n ],\n [\n -72.72020338564836,\n 19.104716958609828\n ],\n [\n -72.78294477065587,\n 19.102246702118308\n ],\n [\n -72.8273865850362,\n 19.077542109186865\n ],\n [\n -73.24566248508597,\n 18.98610311051999\n ],\n [\n -73.30578964571801,\n 18.94654635125565\n ],\n [\n -73.3136323188445,\n 18.909453372677575\n ],\n [\n -73.2613478313377,\n 18.850087498404406\n ],\n [\n -73.21690601695741,\n 18.82039667996152\n ],\n [\n -73.11756549069548,\n 18.805549303495567\n ],\n [\n -73.04436720818725,\n 18.756048590127037\n ],\n [\n -73.01561074005869,\n 18.74119554197034\n ],\n [\n -72.94502668192531,\n 18.73129278397961\n ],\n [\n -72.85875727753958,\n 18.71396156105544\n ],\n [\n -72.84830038003825,\n 18.69662856204785\n ],\n [\n -72.65223355188989,\n 18.562857310267418\n ],\n [\n -72.6757615712681,\n 18.50832778186397\n ],\n [\n -72.68621846876944,\n 18.466179423078117\n ],\n [\n -72.72543183439872,\n 18.44386139201987\n ],\n [\n -72.78033054628038,\n 18.44386139201987\n ],\n [\n -72.8430719312879,\n 18.453780875098744\n ],\n [\n -72.94502668192531,\n 18.47113859144993\n ],\n [\n -73.0469814325621,\n 18.47361812187208\n ],\n [\n -73.08619479819207,\n 18.453780875098744\n ],\n [\n -73.11756549069548,\n 18.483535885038307\n ],\n [\n -73.16984997820225,\n 18.503369689612427\n ],\n [\n -73.23781981196014,\n 18.49345307437386\n ],\n [\n -73.39990172322958,\n 18.53311608811697\n ],\n [\n -73.52277026886907,\n 18.53559472110247\n ],\n [\n -73.5593694101235,\n 18.592593348953457\n ],\n [\n -73.63518191700788,\n 18.59507111797879\n ],\n [\n -73.6900806288895,\n 18.632233325085437\n ],\n [\n -73.75020778952151,\n 18.65452675021254\n ],\n [\n -73.81413466912305,\n 18.624657568447688\n ],\n [\n -73.86903338100466,\n 18.57758197339531\n ],\n [\n -73.91086097100947,\n 18.597404863115116\n ],\n [\n -73.97360235601698,\n 18.619702855843002\n ],\n [\n -74.01542994602175,\n 18.609792997580797\n ],\n [\n -74.07555710665378,\n 18.634566560438756\n ],\n [\n -74.09385667728098,\n 18.666766792316892\n ],\n [\n -74.20365410104425,\n 18.69153204254431\n ],\n [\n -74.29776617855586,\n 18.671720131841056\n ],\n [\n -74.41802049981986,\n 18.644474974585307\n ],\n [\n -74.43632007044708,\n 18.61227051626814\n ],\n [\n -74.4337058460722,\n 18.580059960726146\n ],\n [\n -74.47030498732599,\n 18.498267382316413\n ],\n [\n -74.47291921170152,\n 18.473474029571975\n ],\n [\n -74.48860455795321,\n 18.418916040937447\n ],\n [\n -74.46507653857566,\n 18.394111231445052\n ],\n [\n -74.45723386544982,\n 18.337046622354833\n ],\n [\n -74.42324894857084,\n 18.317193643178356\n ],\n [\n -74.32913687105928,\n 18.267551235464893\n ],\n [\n -74.23502479354835,\n 18.30478437447445\n ],\n [\n -74.19319720354292,\n 18.292374216608735\n ],\n [\n -74.1775118572912,\n 18.267551235464893\n ],\n [\n -74.10431357478234,\n 18.232793098085395\n ],\n [\n -74.02065839477275,\n 18.170707723105977\n ],\n [\n -73.96314545851563,\n 18.118538935246818\n ],\n [\n -73.90824674663398,\n 18.014154756521847\n ],\n [\n -73.78537820099447,\n 18.014154756521847\n ],\n [\n -73.76446440599175,\n 18.036528014606716\n ],\n [\n -73.65728120660395,\n 18.046470772014686\n ],\n [\n -73.56578335346789,\n 18.041499463560086\n ],\n [\n -73.5605549047175,\n 18.073810455581253\n ],\n [\n -73.59192559722095,\n 18.111084981204\n ],\n [\n -73.57624025096925,\n 18.20796160290905\n ],\n [\n -73.4951992953345,\n 18.227827082486257\n ],\n [\n -73.39585876907259,\n 18.202994878886557\n ],\n [\n -73.29128979406028,\n 18.21541142339767\n ],\n [\n -73.27821867218343,\n 18.198028013279483\n ],\n [\n -73.18149237029701,\n 18.198028013279483\n ],\n [\n -73.00989466110236,\n 18.16583603390535\n ],\n [\n -72.8530411985833,\n 18.12857316343471\n ],\n [\n -72.77461446732406,\n 18.140995002736176\n ],\n [\n -72.73278687731928,\n 18.138510705443323\n ],\n [\n -72.73278687731928,\n 18.16583603390535\n ],\n [\n -72.63344635105734,\n 18.17825522473001\n ],\n [\n -72.54194849792128,\n 18.153415959732996\n ],\n [\n -72.52887737604505,\n 18.17825522473001\n ],\n [\n -72.54194849792128,\n 18.217990693218937\n ],\n [\n -72.51319202979268,\n 18.19812409139007\n ],\n [\n -72.3641812404001,\n 18.22295698954575\n ],\n [\n -72.29359718226677,\n 18.208057675540942\n ],\n [\n -72.25961226538782,\n 18.213024255205866\n ],\n [\n -72.18641398287896,\n 18.208057675540942\n ],\n [\n -72.13412949537283,\n 18.227923144155383\n ],\n [\n -72.0530885397381,\n 18.22544008456744\n ],\n [\n -72.026946295985,\n 18.185706315001397\n ],\n [\n -71.9459053403503,\n 18.18073895684776\n ],\n [\n -71.84133636533737,\n 18.108696386659048\n ],\n [\n -71.82042257033531,\n 18.05899458276771\n ],\n [\n -71.73990258085917,\n 18.021578017091983\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amatya, Pukar","contributorId":328737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amatya","given":"Pukar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78475,"text":"University of Maryland Baltimore County; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheip, Corey","contributorId":328738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheip","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78476,"text":"BGC Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deprez, Aline","contributorId":328739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deprez","given":"Aline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62434,"text":"University of Strasbourg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malet, Jean-Philippe","contributorId":290457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malet","given":"Jean-Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62434,"text":"University of Strasbourg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slaughter, Stephen L. 0000-0002-4322-3330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-3330","contributorId":224686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Handwerger, Alexander L.","contributorId":218095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handwerger","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39742,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Emberson, Robert","contributorId":328740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emberson","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78475,"text":"University of Maryland Baltimore County; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirschbaum, Dalia","contributorId":217738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Dalia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39055,"text":"NASA GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jean-Baptiste, Julien","contributorId":328741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jean-Baptiste","given":"Julien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62434,"text":"University of Strasbourg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huang, Mong-Han","contributorId":192699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Mong-Han","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, Marin 0000-0002-6141-8422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6141-8422","contributorId":315585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Marin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zekkos, Dimitrios","contributorId":200290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zekkos","given":"Dimitrios","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Huang, Jhih-Rou","contributorId":328742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Jhih-Rou","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pacini, Fabrizio","contributorId":328743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacini","given":"Fabrizio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78477,"text":"Terradue Srl","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Boissier, Enguerran","contributorId":328744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boissier","given":"Enguerran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78477,"text":"Terradue Srl","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70248910,"text":"70248910 - 2023 - Evolution of Miocene normal and dextral faulting in the lower Colorado River region near Blythe, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T16:04:35.797716","indexId":"70248910","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-25T07:03:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of Miocene normal and dextral faulting in the lower Colorado River region near Blythe, California, USA","docAbstract":"The evolution of strain in nascent continental plate boundaries commonly involves distributed deformation and transitions between different styles of deformation as the plate boundary matures. Distributed NW-striking faults, many with km-scale right-lateral separation, are prevalent near Blythe, California, and have been variably interpreted to have accommodated either Middle Miocene NE-SW extension as normal faults or Late Miocene to Pliocene dextral shear as strike-slip faults. However, with poor timing and kinematic constraints, it is unclear how these faults relate to known domains of Neogene deformation and the evolution of the Pacific–North America plate boundary. We present kinematic data (n = 642 fault planes, n = 512 slickenlines) that demonstrate that these faults dominantly dip steeply northeast; ~96% of measured faults record normal, dextral, or oblique dextral-normal kinematics that likely reflect a gradational transition between normal and dextral oblique kinematic regimes. We constrain fault timing with 11.7 Ma and 7.0 Ma 40Ar/39Ar dates of rocks cut by faults, and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of calcite mineralized during oblique dextral faulting that demonstrates fault slip at ca. 10–7 Ma and perhaps as late as ca. 4 Ma. This Late Miocene dextral oblique faulting is best compatible with a documented regional transition from Early to Middle Miocene NE-directed extension during detachment fault slip to subsequent NW-directed dextral shear. We estimate 11–38 km of cumulative dextral slip occurred across a 50-km-wide zone from the Palen to Riverside mountains, including up to 20 km of newly documented dextral shear that may partly alleviate the regional discrepancy of cumulative dextral shear along this part of the Late Miocene Pacific–North America plate boundary.
Residual oil zones (ROZ) form due to various geologic conditions and are located below the oil/water contact (OWC) of main pay zones (MPZ). Since ROZs usually contain immobile oil, they have not typically been considered commercially attractive for development by conventional primary recovery methods used in the initial phases of oil production. However, during the last decade some operators of these viable fields that also contain ROZs have extended carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) to below the MPZ to commercially recover oil from the associated ROZ. Increased interest in ROZs is also due to the application of anthropogenic CO2 for oil recovery, leading to the subsurface sequestration of CO2, which can be part of the current net-zero carbon oil and climate change objectives.
Several detailed studies of selected formations in the Permian Basin of the United States have shown that ROZs can be as common as traditional conventional oil reservoir traps, suggesting significant resources for potential additional hydrocarbon recovery and subsurface CO2 sequestration via CO2-EOR. However, applications of CO2-EOR to ROZs have been limited despite the estimation of significant oil resources considered recoverable through CO2-EOR, and the benefit of concurrent geologic CO2 storage that would help offset carbon emissions from the produced oil. The combination of insufficient economic incentives and technical reasons related to data scarcity, such as lack of penetration of wells and well logs, for locating ROZs has limited development of their resource potential when compared to known fields.
This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for identifying and evaluating ROZ resources for CO2-EOR and CO2 sequestration potential with the use of public and proprietary data sources. The methodology was developed during a pilot study that focused on the ROZ in the San Andres Formation of a nine-county area in the Permian Basin in West Texas. The pilot study estimated a mean oil in place of 25 × 109 barrels (bbl) of oil and a mean potential incremental oil recovery and CO2 utilization of 2.6 × 109 bbl and 28.2 Tcf (1.46 × 109 tons), respectively, with 1 hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV) of injection using the water alternating gas (WAG) method. The results of this pilot study are consistent with reported volumes in the literature for a similar area in the Permian Basin. The pilot study demonstrated that this methodology could be used to identify and assess the recoverable oil and coincident CO2 storage volumes of ROZs in other formations and regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212275","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., Brennan, S., Buursink, M., Freeman, P., Lohr, C., Merrill, M., Olea, R., and Warwick, P., 2023, A residual oil zone (ROZ) assessment methodology with application to the central basin platform (Permian Basin, USA) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and long-term geologic CO2 storage: Geoenergy Science and Engineering, v. 230, 212275, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212275.","productDescription":"212275, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143959","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":204982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":203357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":206294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":205698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":328734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":207248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70247961,"text":"70247961 - 2023 - Identifying drivers of population dynamics for a stream breeding amphibian using time series of egg mass counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T13:49:07.077807","indexId":"70247961","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-24T08:39:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying drivers of population dynamics for a stream breeding amphibian using time series of egg mass counts","docAbstract":"The decline in amphibian populations is one of the starkest examples of the biodiversity crisis. For stream breeding amphibians, alterations to natural flow regimes by dams, water diversions, and climate change have been implicated in declines and extirpations. Identifying drivers of amphibian declines requires long time series of abundance data because amphibian populations can exhibit high natural variability. Multiple population viability analysis (MPVA) models integrate abundance data and share information from different populations to estimate how environmental factors influence population growth. Flow alteration has been linked to declines and extirpations in the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii), a stream breeding amphibian native to California and Oregon. To date, no study has jointly analyzed abundance data from populations throughout the range of R. boylii in an MPVA model. We compiled time series of egg mass counts (an index of adult female abundance) from R. boylii populations in 36 focal streams and fit an MPVA model to quantify how streamflow metrics, stream temperature, and surrounding land cover affect population growth. We found population growth was positively related to stream temperature and was higher in the years following a wet year with high total annual streamflow. Density dependence was weakest (i.e., carrying capacity was highest) for streams with high seasonality of streamflow and intermediate rates of change in streamflow during spring. Our results highlight how altered streamflow can further increase the risk of decline for R. boylii populations. Managing stream conditions to better match natural flow and thermal regimes would benefit the conservation of R. boylii populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4645","usgsCitation":"Rose, J.P., Kupferberg, S.J., Peek, R.A., Ashton, D., Bettaso, J.B., Bobzien, S., Bourque, R.M., Breedveld, K.G., Catenazzi, A., Drennan, J.E., Gonsolin, E., Grefsrud, M., Herman, A.E., House, M.R., Kluber, M.R., Lind, A.J., Marlow, K.R., Striegle, A., van Hattem, M., Wheeler, C.A., Wilcox, J.T., Wiseman, K.D., and Halstead, B., 2023, Identifying drivers of population dynamics for a stream breeding amphibian using time series of egg mass counts: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 8, e4645, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4645.","productDescription":"e4645, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145406","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4645","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98K2WJI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Egg Mass Counts from Foothill Yellow-Legged Frogs (Rana boylii) in California from 1992-2021"},{"id":435206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QWX2GR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code for Multiple Population Viability Analysis of egg mass time series from the Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana boylii) in California"},{"id":420232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.0429332123588,\n 35.07878339355619\n ],\n [\n -117.13193042290817,\n 35.87440454493478\n ],\n [\n -118.88546515549103,\n 37.83215115335028\n ],\n [\n -120.10968905211578,\n 39.48742577105628\n ],\n [\n -121.30845709111296,\n 41.505093481283836\n ],\n [\n -121.24552971391162,\n 44.322152747095714\n ],\n [\n -121.25445700157894,\n 45.34476488394924\n ],\n [\n -123.80719936587354,\n 45.486415461112244\n ],\n [\n -124.35528752437574,\n 43.01855456266108\n ],\n [\n -124.34654862208191,\n 41.698641282028376\n ],\n [\n -124.47475896992711,\n 40.28214448109429\n ],\n [\n -123.69342885326125,\n 38.825223444762656\n ],\n [\n -122.58002006507161,\n 37.534393004869656\n ],\n [\n -121.97941591699015,\n 36.599863366585424\n ],\n [\n -121.39723785379692,\n 35.630352182590116\n ],\n [\n -120.22664650389993,\n 34.20067722843346\n ],\n [\n -118.47633075922226,\n 33.975104099874486\n ],\n [\n -117.60775038826512,\n 33.85177761962315\n ],\n [\n -117.36444217272287,\n 34.19734626945949\n ],\n [\n -119.66168641554057,\n 35.76141067120838\n ],\n [\n -122.28974285558888,\n 39.23918609205157\n ],\n [\n -122.35728588782436,\n 40.83706584158105\n ],\n [\n -121.64322740774952,\n 39.576668108946734\n ],\n [\n -119.54909501061042,\n 37.132649730963394\n ],\n [\n -118.0429332123588,\n 35.07878339355619\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kupferberg, Sarah J.","contributorId":328778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kupferberg","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":78491,"text":"Independent Scholar and Conusulting Ecologist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peek, Ryan A.","contributorId":328779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peek","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ashton, Don","contributorId":316565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashton","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68645,"text":"0","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bettaso, James B.","contributorId":179175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettaso","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bobzien, Steven","contributorId":167184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bobzien","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24634,"text":"East Bay Regional Park District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bourque, Ryan M.","contributorId":328780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourque","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":78492,"text":"CDFW; Green Diamond Resource Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Breedveld, Koen G.H.","contributorId":328781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breedveld","given":"Koen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.H.","affiliations":[{"id":78493,"text":"Spring Rivers Ecological Sciences LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Catenazzi, Alessandro 0000-0002-3650-4783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-4783","contributorId":316568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catenazzi","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Drennan, Joseph E.","contributorId":328782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drennan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":78494,"text":"Garcia and Associates (GANDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gonsolin, Earl","contributorId":316570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonsolin","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68645,"text":"0","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Grefsrud, Marcia","contributorId":192076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grefsrud","given":"Marcia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herman, Andrea E.","contributorId":328783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":41169,"text":"Pacific Gas and Electric Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"House, Matthew R.","contributorId":328784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"House","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24606,"text":"Green Diamond Resource Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kluber, Matt R.","contributorId":328785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluber","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24606,"text":"Green Diamond Resource Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lind, Amy J.","contributorId":328786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lind","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Marlow, Karla R.","contributorId":328787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marlow","given":"Karla","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78495,"text":"Garcia and Associates (GANDA),","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Striegle, Alan","contributorId":316576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Striegle","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68645,"text":"0","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"van Hattem, Michael","contributorId":316577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Hattem","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":68645,"text":"0","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wheeler, Clara A.","contributorId":328788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Clara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wilcox, Jeffery T.","contributorId":328789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":78496,"text":"Sonoma Mountain Ranch Preservation Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wiseman, Kevin D.","contributorId":328790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiseman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":78497,"text":"Garcia and Associates (GANDA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70251919,"text":"70251919 - 2023 - Complex styles of phreatomagmatic explosions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, controlled by magma structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-06T12:48:01.666937","indexId":"70251919","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-24T06:46:31","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17169,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science - Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex styles of phreatomagmatic explosions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, controlled by magma structure","docAbstract":"Explosive eruptions at basaltic volcanoes remain poorly understood. Kīlauea Volcano is a type locality for basaltic eruptions and is well-known for effusive activity. However, more than 7 m of phreatomagmatic Keanakākoʻi Tephra unit D deposits from explosive eruptions crown the southern rim of the summit caldera and provide a stark reminder of Kīlauea’s explosive past and future potential. We used detailed field observations as well as granulometric and morphological analysis of 100 samples from two proximal sections to assess the eruption style and fragmentation mechanism. The deposits can be divided into four subunits, six different lithofacies, and contain three juvenile tephra components. Each juvenile component shows distinct shape variability resulting from molten fuel-coolant interaction (MFCI) explosions of magma of variable vesicularity. Fragmentation of dense glass generates olive-green ash, fragmentation of low to moderately vesicular magma generates a dark gray ash-lapilli component, and fragmentation of highly vesicular magma generates light-yellow pumice. Our work shows that magma structure impacts MFCI explosion efficiency. Small-scale planar bedding throughout most of the deposit points to a general eruption style of small, frequent explosions generating low plumes. Thicker beds of accretionary lapilli of fine-extremely fine ash are related to very efficient magma-water mixing. Pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits in the upper part of the stratigraphy contain at least three flows but show no significant dune or cross-bedding structures. We suggest that this is a function of the vent being situated in a caldera that was then ∼600 m deep, where the caldera wall acted as a barrier and changed the flow dynamics to very dilute overspills and co-PDC plume falls over the wall. Deconvolution modeling of the polymodal grain size distributions is used to assess grain size changes of each juvenile component for this deposit, which greatly improves interpretation of lithofacies generation and eruption dynamics. Size-correlated shape parameters show that shape data across a wide size range are needed to accurately track grain shapes. This study demonstrates how careful examination of grain size and shape of juvenile tephra clasts can help volcanologists understand how effusive basaltic volcanoes can become violently explosive.
Four days after the 12 May 2008 M 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake struck the Sichuan region of China, we submitted a prospective earthquake forecast based on transfer of stress from the mainshock onto significant faults crossing through populated areas. We identified where the largest aftershocks were likely to occur that could cause loss of life. We returned the revised article to the journal on 5 June 2008, marking the last day of our observation period. The primary testable features are locations and focal mechanisms of larger (M ≥ 4.5) earthquakes; did these events happen on or very near the faults we said they would? Did they have the same strikes, dips, and rakes as the faults we modeled? In retrospect, is the stress transfer method consistent with all M ≥ 4.5 earthquakes that occurred? We find all but one M ≥ 4.5 aftershock with known focal mechanisms located on stress‐increased faults, and their focal mechanism parameters overlap with geological characteristics we used in making calculations. Six of the seven lethal M > 4.5 earthquakes that occurred in the region since 5 June 2008 were located on stress‐increased faults, with the lone exception triggered by hydraulic fracturing.
This report documents a three-part continental-scale calibration procedure and a new streamflow routing algorithm using the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrologic Model (NHM) infrastructure along with an application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The traditional approach to hydrologic model calibration and evaluation, which relies on comparing observed and simulated streamflow, is not sufficient for accurately representing the non-streamflow parts of the water budget. If intermediate process variables computed by the hydrologic model are not examined, the variables could be characterized by parameter values that do not replicate those hydrological processes present in the physical system. In answer to this potential problem, alternative hydrologic process variables from the model (in addition to streamflow) are included in a calibration procedure applied to the conterminous United States (CONUS) domain.
The three-part calibration procedure presented in this report considers volume (calibration by hydrologic response unit [byHRU]), timing (calibration by headwater watershed [byHW]), and measured streamflow [byHWobs]). The first part, byHRU, is considered a water-balance volume calibration that uses five alternative (non-streamflow) hydrologic quantities (runoff, actual evapotranspiration, recharge, soil moisture, and snow-covered area) as calibration targets for each hydrologic response unit (HRU). These alternative data products were derived, with error bounds, from multiple sources for each of the 109,951 HRUs in the NHM on time scales varying from annual to daily. The second part of the calibration, byHW, is considered a streamflow timing calibration that uses statistically based streamflow simulations developed using ordinary kriging for 7,265 headwater watersheds that had drainage areas of less than 3,000 square kilometers (1,158 square miles) across the CONUS. Two streamflow routing algorithms were tested in this byHW calibration: (1) continuity without attenuation of the flood pulse and (2) a new formulation of the Muskingum routing method, which was added to the PRMS as part of this study. The third part of the calibration, byHWobs, refines the model parameters using available measured streamflow using 1,417 streamgage locations. A multiple-objective, stepwise, automated calibration procedure was used to identify the optimal set of parameters for each calibration procedure.
Using a variety of alternative datasets for calibration of the water budget provides users of the NHM-PRMS with improved initial parameters and helps alleviate the equifinality problem (getting the right answer for the wrong reason). Through a community effort, these alternative data products, with error bounds, can be used to improve and expand our understanding of hydrologic-process representation in models. The broader modeling community can use these data products, with error bounds, to calibrate and evaluate hydrologic models using more than streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6B10","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., LaFontaine, J.H., Van Beusekom, A.E., Norton, P.A., Farmer, W.H., Regan, R.S., Markstrom, S.L., and Dickinson, J.E., 2023, Parameter estimation at the conterminous United States scale and streamflow routing enhancements for the National Hydrologic Model infrastructure application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6–B10, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6B10.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 50 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-121885","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501163,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115239.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":419742,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGZE0S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Application of the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS), 1980–2016, Daymet Version 3 calibration"},{"id":419741,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b10/images/"},{"id":419740,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b10/tm6b10.XML"},{"id":419738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b10/tm6b10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6-B10"},{"id":419739,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/tm6B10/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"TM 6-B10"},{"id":419737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/b10/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
The primary objective of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission is to measure biological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical features of the Earth's surface, realizing a key conceptual component of the envisioned NASA Earth System Observatory (ESO). SBG is planned to launch as a two-platform mission in the late 2020s, the first of the ESO satellites. Targeted science and applications objectives based on observations of the Earth's SBG helped to define the mission architecture and instrument capabilities for the SBG mission concept. These objectives further drove the need for enabling change detection and trending of surface biological and geological features. These needs implied fundamental calibration goals to achieve the necessary science data quality characteristics. To meet those goals, calibration and validation pre-launch and on-orbit methods formed a basis of the calibration and validation concept, including the combined use of on-board references, vicarious techniques, and routine lunar imaging. International collaboration with space agencies in other countries, an important feature of the recommended SBG mission architecture, uncovered and emphasized the need for inter-calibration techniques that underscored the importance of collaborative instrument characterization data sharing and the use of common calibration references that are International System of Units (SI) traceable in pre-launch and post-launch on orbit calibration mission phases. International collaboration through the use of terrestrial and aquatic networks on six continents for vicarious calibration and validation activities will further assure necessary science data quality while in orbit.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JG007452","usgsCitation":"Turpie, K.R., Casey, K.A., Crawford, C., Guild, L.S., Kieffer, H.H., Lin, G., Kokaly, R.F., Shrestha, A., Anderson, C., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Green, R., Hook, S., Lukashin, C., and Thome, K., 2023, Calibration and validation for the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission concept: Recommendations for a multi-sensor system for imaging spectroscopy and thermal imagery: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 128, no. 9, e2023JG007452, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007452.","productDescription":"e2023JG007452, 36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139909","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jg007452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turpie, Kevin R.","contributorId":257569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turpie","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casey, Kimberly Ann 0000-0002-6115-7525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-7525","contributorId":245548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Christopher J. 0000-0002-7145-0709 cjcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-0709","contributorId":213607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cjcrawford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guild, Liane S","contributorId":329863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guild","given":"Liane","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":329864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":205165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shrestha, Alok","contributorId":329865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Alok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, Cody 0000-0001-5612-1889 chanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889","contributorId":195521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Cody","email":"chanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ramaseri Chandra, Shankar N. 0000-0002-4434-4468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4434-4468","contributorId":216043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramaseri Chandra","given":"Shankar","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":225049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[{"id":41027,"text":"NASA JPL/CalTech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hook, Simon","contributorId":150339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lukashin, Constantine","contributorId":242007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukashin","given":"Constantine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48472,"text":"NASA Langley Reseach Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thome, Kurt","contributorId":140792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thome","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70254450,"text":"70254450 - 2023 - Fluid migration pathways to groundwater in mature oil fields: Exploring the roles of water injection/production and oil-well integrity in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T11:45:46.389957","indexId":"70254450","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-23T06:43:14","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid migration pathways to groundwater in mature oil fields: Exploring the roles of water injection/production and oil-well integrity in California, USA","docAbstract":"Mature oil fields potentially contain multiple fluid migration pathways toward protected groundwater (total dissolved solids, TDS, in nonexempted aquifer <10,000 mg/L) because of their extensive development histories. Time-series data for water use, fluid pressures, oil-well construction, and geochemistry from the South Belridge and Lost Hills mature oil fields in California are used to explore the roles of injection/production of oil-field water and well-integrity issues in fluid migration. Injection/production of oil-field water modified hydraulic gradients in both oil fields, resulting in chemical transport from deeper groundwater and hydrocarbon-reservoir systems to aquifers in the oil fields. Those aquifers are used for water supply outside the oil-field boundaries. Oil wells drilled before 1976 can be fluid migration pathways because a relatively large percentage of them have >10 m of uncemented annulus that straddles oil-well casing damage and/or the base of groundwater with TDS <10,000 mg/L. The risk of groundwater-quality degradation is higher when wells with those risk factors occur in areas with upward hydraulic gradients created by positive net injection, groundwater withdrawals, or combinations of these variables. The complex changes in hydrologic conditions and groundwater chemistry likely would not have been discovered in the absence of years to decades of monitoring data for groundwater elevations and chemistry, and installation of monitoring wells in areas with overlapping risk factors. Important monitoring concepts based on results from this and other studies include monitoring hydrocarbon-reservoir and groundwater systems at multiple spatiotemporal scales and maintaining transparency and accessibility of data and analyses. This analysis focuses on two California oil fields, but the methods used and processes affecting fluid migration could be relevant in other oil fields where substantial injection/production of oil-field water occurs and oil-well integrity is of concern.