Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) was established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (with the assistance of The Nature Conservancy) in 1984 to protect one of the highest concentrations of endemic flora and fauna in North America (Pister, 1985; Sada, 1990). Prior to federal acquisition, Ash Meadows had been anthropogenically altered, and non-native species had been introduced to the detriment of native species; reports and published literature document the negative effects to the Ash Meadows flora and fauna (Deacon and others, 1964; U.S. Department of the Interior, 1971; Landye, 1973; Pister, 1974; Soltz and Naiman, 1978; Taylor, 1980; Williams and others, 1985; Williams and Sada, 1985; Baugh and others, 1986; Hershler and Sada, 1987; Knight and Clemmer, 1987; Sada, 1990; Deacon and Williams, 1991; Scoppettone and others, 2005; Kennedy and others, 2006). Such activities led to the extinction of the endemic Ash Meadows poolfish (Empetrichthyes merriami) (Miller, 1961; Soltz and Naiman, 1978), and subsequently the federal government listed three local endemic fish as endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989)—Warm springs pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis), Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes), and Ash Meadows speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis).
\nPublic ownership of a large portion of Ash Meadows provided the opportunity to restore the landscape to some semblance of its historical condition. Elimination of invasive aquatic species may be more difficult than landscape restoration, and their persistence can cause additional native fish decline or extirpation (Taylor and others, 1984; Moyle and others, 1986; Miller and others, 1989; Minckley and Deacon, 1991; Olden and Poff, 2005). Chemical treatment to remove invasive fishes is often unsuccessful (Meffe, 1983; Rinne and Turner, 1991; Meronek and others, 1996). In Ash Meadows, there has been some success in chemical eradication of localized populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) (St. George, 1998, 1999; Weissenfluh, 2008b), as well as convict cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus) and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) (Weissenfluh,2008a). However, there has been less success in removing western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from Ash Meadows’s larger spring systems, and sailfin molly maintains strongholds in several spring systems (Scoppettone and others, 2011b). Perhaps the more destructive invasive species are two invertebrates: red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and red-rim melania (Melanoides tuberculata). Following the appearance of red swamp crayfish within the Warm Springs Complex, Warm Springs pupfish was believed to be extirpated from one spring system (St. George, 2000) and near extirpation in two others (Darrick Weissenfluh, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, oral commun., 2008, 2011). Crayfish also were demonstrated to greatly suppress the Bradford Springs population of Ash Meadows speckled dace population (McShane and others, 2004). Red-rim melania is known to displace native snail populations (Mitchell and others, 2007), and has been implicated as an agent of extinction of native Ash Meadows spring-snails (Donald Sada, Desert Research Institute, oral commun., 2011). Both invasive invertebrates are difficult to control or eradicate (Mitchell and others, 2007; Freeman and others, 2010).
\nHabitat restoration that favors native species can help control non-native species (McShane and others, 2004; Scoppettone and others, 2005; Kennedy and others, 2006). Restoration of Carson Slough and its tributaries present an opportunity to promote habitat types that favor native species over non-natives. Historically, the majority of Ash Meadows spring systems were tributaries to Carson Slough. In 2007 and 2008, a survey of Ash Meadows spring systems was conducted to generate baseline information on the distribution of fishes throughout AMNWR (Scoppettone and others, 2011b). In this study, we conducted a follow-up survey with emphasis on upper Carson Slough. This permitted us to gauge the early effects of spring system restoration on fish populations and to generate further baseline data relevant to future restoration efforts.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates four dams in the basin, which are used primarily for flood control, hydropower production, recreation, and water-quality improvement. The Detroit and Big Cliff Dams were constructed in 1953 on the North Santiam River. The Green Peter and Foster Dams were completed in 1967 on the South Santiam River. The impacts of the structures have included a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of floods and an increase in low flows. For three North Santiam River reaches, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 42–50 percent because of regulated streamflow conditions. Likewise, for three reaches in the South Santiam River basin, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 39–52 percent because of regulation. In contrast to their effect on high flows, the dams increased low flows. The median of annual 7-day minimum flows in six of the seven study reaches increased under regulated streamflow conditions between 60 and 334 percent. On a seasonal basis, median monthly streamflows decreased from February to May and increased from September to January in all the reaches. However, the magnitude of these impacts usually decreased farther downstream from dams because of cumulative inflow from unregulated tributaries and groundwater entering the North, South, and main-stem Santiam Rivers below the dams. A Wilcox rank-sum test of monthly precipitation data from Salem, Oregon, and Waterloo, Oregon, found no significant difference between the pre-and post-dam periods, which suggests that the construction and operation of the dams since the 1950s and 1960s are a primary cause of alterations to the Santiam River basin streamflow regime. In addition to the streamflow analysis, this report provides a geomorphic characterization of the Santiam River basin and the associated conceptual framework for assessing possible geomorphic and ecological changes in response to river-flow modifications. Suggestions for future biomonitoring and investigations are also provided. This study was one in a series of similar tributary streamflow and geomorphic studies conducted for the Willamette Sustainable Rivers Project. The Sustainable Rivers Project is a national effort by the USACE and The Nature Conservancy to develop environmental flow requirements in regulated river systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Wallick, J., Mangano, J.F., and Jones, K.L., 2012, An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1133, vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121133.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D","startPage":"i","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1133.jpg"},{"id":258272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/pdf/ofr20121133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Santiam River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3ee4b0c8380cd4871d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallick, J. 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The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a modular, deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model that simulates hydrologic response to various combinations of climate and land use. Stream Network Temperature was developed to help aquatic biologists and engineers predict the effects of changes that hydrology and energy have on water temperatures. P2S will allow scientists and watershed managers to evaluate the effects of historical climate and projected climate change, landscape evolution, and resource management scenarios on watershed hydrology and in-stream water temperature.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121116","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., 2012, P2S--Coupled simulation with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Stream Temperature Network (SNTemp) Models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1116, v, 19 p.; ill. 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(some col.)","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":144,"text":"Branch of Regional Research","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1116.gif"},{"id":258167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1116/OF12-1116.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a731de4b0c8380cd76e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038898,"text":"ofr20111274 - 2012 - Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"ofr20111274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1274","title":"Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Focus on Quaternary Stratigraphy in Los Angeles (FOQUS-LA) project was a cooperative coring program between Federal, State, and local agencies. It was designed to provide a better understanding of earthquake potentials and to develop a stratigraphic model of the western Los Angeles Basin in California. The biostratigraphic, geochronologic, and paleoecologic analyses of eight wells drilled during the FOQUS-LA project are presented. These analyses are based on microfossils (benthic and planktic foraminifers), macrofossils, paleomagnetic stratigraphy, optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence, radiocarbon dating, and tephrochronology. A geochronologic framework (incorporating paleomagnetism, luminescence, and tephrochronology) was used to calibrate the sequence stratigraphic units in the FOQUS-LA wells and also was used to calibrate the ages of the microfossil stage and zonal boundaries. The results of this study show that (1) the offshore California margin zones can be used in a nearshore setting, and (2) the California margin zonal scheme refines the chronostratigraphic resolution of the benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework for the Pacific Coast. Benthic foraminiferal stages are modified by the recognition of an early Hallian substage, which is a faunal change recognized throughout the Los Angeles Basin. Although no detailed macrofossil zonations exist for the Quaternary of southern California, several species, whose distribution is regulated by the climatic conditions, are useful as secondary marker species in the shallower water deposits of the Los Angeles Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111274","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and the Water Replenishment District of Southern California","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., Hillhouse, J., Powell, C., Mahan, S., Wan, E., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 2012, Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1274, xi, 223 p.; Plates Folder; All Files Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111274.","productDescription":"xi, 223 p.; Plates Folder; All Files Folder","numberOfPages":"235","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1274/of2011-1274_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1274.png"}],"country":"United States","city":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach;Los Angeles Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7437e4b0c8380cd774fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillhouse, John","contributorId":25400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Charles II","contributorId":83379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":19239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038873,"text":"ofr20121137 - 2012 - Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey sea floor stress and sediment mobility database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-21T15:28:29.946526","indexId":"ofr20121137","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1137","displayTitle":"Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey Sea Floor Stress and Sediment Mobility Database","title":"Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey sea floor stress and sediment mobility database","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Sea Floor Stress and Sediment Mobility Database contains estimates of bottom stress and sediment mobility for the U.S. continental shelf. This U.S. Geological Survey database provides information that is needed to characterize sea floor ecosystems and evaluate areas for human use. The estimates contained in the database are designed to spatially and seasonally resolve the general characteristics of bottom stress over the U.S. continental shelf and to estimate sea floor mobility by comparing critical stress thresholds based on observed sediment texture data to the modeled stress. This report describes the methods used to make the bottom stress and mobility estimates, statistics used to characterize stress and mobility, data validation procedures, and the metadata for each dataset and provides information on how to access the database online.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121137","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P., Butman, B., Sherwood, C.R., and Signell, R.P., 2012, Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey sea floor stress and sediment mobility database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1137, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121137.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438811,"rank":301,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P999PY84","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey Sea Floor Stress and Sediment Mobility Database"},{"id":258076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1137.gif"},{"id":258070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1137/pdf/ofr2012-1137.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0385e4b0c8380cd504ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038879,"text":"ofr20091057 - 2012 - Quick-start guide for version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:08","indexId":"ofr20091057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1057","title":"Quick-start guide for version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","docAbstract":"Quantitative mineral resource assessment, as developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), consists of three parts: (1) development of grade and tonnage mineral deposit models; (2) delineation of tracts permissive for each deposit type; and (3) probabilistic estimation of the numbers of undiscovered deposits for each deposit type (Singer and Menzie, 2010). The estimate of the number of undiscovered deposits at different levels of probability is the input to the EMINERS (Economic Mineral Resource Simulator) program. EMINERS uses a Monte Carlo statistical process to combine probabilistic estimates of undiscovered mineral deposits with models of mineral deposit grade and tonnage to estimate mineral resources. It is based upon a simulation program developed by Root and others (1992), who discussed many of the methods and algorithms of the program. Various versions of the original program (called \"MARK3\" and developed by David H. Root, William A. Scott, and Lawrence J. Drew of the USGS) have been published (Root, Scott, and Selner, 1996; Duval, 2000, 2012). The current version (3.0) of the EMINERS program is available as USGS Open-File Report 2004-1344 (Duval, 2012). Changes from version 2.0 include updating 87 grade and tonnage models, designing new templates to produce graphs showing cumulative distribution and summary tables, and disabling economic filters. The economic filters were disabled because embedded data for costs of labor and materials, mining techniques, and beneficiation methods are out of date. However, the cost algorithms used in the disabled economic filters are still in the program and available for reference for mining methods and milling techniques included in Camm (1991). EMINERS is written in C++ and depends upon the Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 programming environment. The code depends heavily on the use of Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for implementation of the Windows interface. The program works only on Microsoft Windows XP or newer personal computers. It does not work on Macintosh computers. This report demonstrates how to execute EMINERS software using default settings and existing deposit models. Many options are available when setting up the simulation. Information and explanations addressing these optional parameters can be found in the EMINERS Help files. Help files are available during execution of EMINERS by selecting EMINERS Help from the pull-down menu under Help on the EMINERS menu bar. There are four sections in this report. Part I describes the installation, setup, and application of the EMINERS program, and Part II illustrates how to interpret the text file that is produced. Part III describes the creation of tables and graphs by use of the provided Excel templates. Part IV summarizes grade and tonnage models used in version 3.0 of EMINERS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091057","collaboration":"A supplement to USGS Open-File Report 2004-1344, Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator, by J.S. Duval","usgsCitation":"Bawiec, W.J., and Spanski, G.T., 2012, Quick-start guide for version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1057, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091057.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1057.bmp"},{"id":258085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1057/OFR2009-1057.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9302e4b0c8380cd80b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawiec, Walter J.","contributorId":83909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawiec","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038874,"text":"ofr20101078 - 2012 - Coordinated bird monitoring: Technical recommendations for military lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:08","indexId":"ofr20101078","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1078","title":"Coordinated bird monitoring: Technical recommendations for military lands","docAbstract":"The Department of Defense (DoD) is subject to several rules and regulations establishing responsibilities for monitoring migratory birds. The Sikes Act requires all military installations with significant natural resources to prepare and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMPs). These plans guide the conservation and long-term management of natural resources on military lands in a manner that is compatible with and sustains the military mission. An INRMP also supports compliance with all legal requirements and guides the military in fulfilling its obligation to be a good steward of public land.The management and conservation of migratory birds is addressed in installation INRMPs. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to evaluate and disclose the potential environmental impacts of their proposed actions. More recently, DoD signed an MOU (http://www.dodpif.org/downloads/EO13186_MOU-DoD.pdf) for migratory birds, under Executive Order 13186, with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in July 2006 and a Migratory Bird Rule (http://www.dodpif.org/downloads/MigBirdFINALRule_FRFeb2007.pdf) was passed by Congress in February 2007. The Migratory Bird Rule addresses the potential impacts of military readiness activities on populations of migratory birds and establishes a process to implement conservation measures if and when a military readiness activity is expected to have a significant adverse impact on a population of migratory bird species (as determined through the NEPA process). The MOU states that for nonmilitary readiness activities, prior to initiating any activity likely to affect populations of migratory birds DoD shall (1) identify the migratory bird species likely to occur in the area of the proposed action and determine if any species of concern could be affected by the activity, and (2) assess and document, using NEPA when applicable, the effect of the proposed action on species of concern. By following these procedures, DoD will minimize the possibility for a proposed action to unintentionally take migratory birds at a level that would violate any of the migratory bird treaties and potentially impact mission activities. In addition, implementing conservation and monitoring programs for migratory birds supports the ecosystem integrity necessary to sustain DoD's natural resources for the military mission.Non-compliance with the procedural requirements of the MBTA could result in a private party lawsuit under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA). A lawsuit filed under APA involving a Navy bombing range is the basis for a court ruling that unintentional take of migratory birds applies to federal actions. Ensuring the necessary data is available to adequately assess impacts of a proposed action will help avoid lawsuits or help ensure such lawsuits have no grounds. The data gathered in a bird monitoring program will provide the best scientific data available to assess the expected impacts of a proposed action on migratory bird species through the NEPA process. This report presents recommendations developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Department of Defense (DoD) on establishing a \"Coordinated Bird Monitoring (CBM) Plan.\" The CBM Plan is intended to ensure that DoD meets its conservation and regulatory responsibilities for monitoring birds (Chapter 1). The report relies heavily on recommendations in the report, \"Opportunities for improving avian monitoring\" (http://www.nabci-us.org/aboutnabci/monitoringreportfinal0307.pdf), by the U.S. North American Bird Conservation Initiative (U.S. NABCI Monitoring Subcommittee, 2007) and on a review of 358 current DoD bird monitoring programs carried out as part of this project (Chapter 2). This report contains 12 recommendations which, if followed, would result in a comprehensive, efficient, and useful approach to bird monitoring. The recommendations are based on the entire report but are presented together at the end of Chapter 1. DoD has agreed to consider implementing these recommendations; however, final decisions will be based upon such factors as the availability of resources and military mission considerations. These recommendations from USGS can be summarized into 6 major themes: A major report on monitoring was released in 2007 by the U.S. North American Bird Conservation Initiative (http://www.nabci-us.org/main2.html). DoD can be consistent with this report by establishing policy that monitoring will be explicitly acknowledged as an integral element of bird management and conservation (Recommendation 1). The design of monitoring and assessment programs for birds should include the following steps: Preparation of a document describing the program's goals, objectives, and methods similar to a format we provide (Recommendation 2, Chapter 4). Selection of field methods using an \"expert system\" developed in this project (Recommendation 3, Chapter 5) or another well-documented system. Preparation and storage of metadata describing the monitoring program in the Natural Resources Monitoring Partnership (NRMP), and other appropriate databases Recommendation 4, Chapter 6). Entry of the survey data using eBird (http://ebird.org/content/dod) or the Coordinated Bird Monitoring Database (CBMD) and long-term storage of the data in the CBMD and the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN; Recommendation 5, Chapter 6; http://www.avianknowledge.net/). Submission of major results from the monitoring program for publication in a peer reviewed journal (Recommendation 6). The DoD Legacy Resource Management Program (Legacy; https://www.dodlegacy.org), Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP; http://www.serdp.org/), and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; http://www.serdp.org/) should be encouraged to continue their significant contributions to the foundations of bird monitoring (Recommendation 7, Chapters 1 and 3). Appropriate monitoring should be conducted to identify species of concern on installations. A year-round, one-time survey of birds on installations with habitat for migratory birds would provide the most information to assist compliance with the MOU, the Final Rule, and the NEPA analyses of proposed actions. However, less intensive survey efforts can still be conducted to yield useful information. We describe how various levels of survey effort might be organized and conducted. In addition, continuing surveys, as feasible, would further assist in documenting effects of military readiness and non-readiness activities on species of concern (SOC) (Recommendation 8, Chapter 7). Participation in well-designed, large-scale surveys [(e.g., North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS; http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/), Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS; http://www.birdpop.org/maps.htm)] on land that DoD manages or on lands where the results will be of high interest to DoD, will provide DoD and other NABCI members with information important to bird conservation (Recommendation 9, Chapter 8). Review and implementation of the CBM Plan should involve both higher level management and installation-level natural resources managers (Recommendation 11), be implemented through cooperative partnerships (Recommendation 12), and be followed on U.S territory lands and Army Corps of Engineers projects (Recommendation 10).Additional recommendations that pertain to implementing the DoD CBM Plan are discussed in Chapter 9.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the DoD Natural Resources Program, Arlington, Virginia; Great Basin Bird Observatory, Reno, Nevada; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi; DoD Partners in Flight, Warrenton, VirginiaA Report Prepared for the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program Legacy Project # 05-246, 06-246, 07-246","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Manning, A., Fischer, R., and Eberly, C., 2012, Coordinated bird monitoring: Technical recommendations for military lands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1078, v, 51 p.; Appendix: 16 pgs. 52-68, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101078.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.; Appendix: 16 pgs. 52-68","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1078.jpg"},{"id":258073,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1078/pdf/ofr20101078.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbece4b0c8380cd4e034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Ann","contributorId":79746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Richard","contributorId":7128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberly, Chris","contributorId":91351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberly","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038820,"text":"ofr20121122 - 2012 - Hydrologic index development and application to selected Coastwide Reference Monitoring System sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-29T01:01:57","indexId":"ofr20121122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1122","title":"Hydrologic index development and application to selected Coastwide Reference Monitoring System sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","docAbstract":"Hourly time-series salinity and water-level data are collected at all stations within the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) network across coastal Louisiana. These data, in addition to vegetation and soils data collected as part of CRMS, are used to develop a suite of metrics and indices to assess wetland condition in coastal Louisiana. This document addresses the primary objectives of the CRMS hydrologic analytical team, which were to (1) adopt standard time-series analytical techniques that could effectively assess spatial and temporal variability in hydrologic characteristics across the Louisiana coastal zone on site, project, basin, and coastwide scales and (2) develop and apply an index based on wetland hydrology that can describe the suitability of local hydrology in the context of maximizing the productivity of wetland plant communities. Approaches to quantifying tidal variability (least squares harmonic analysis) and partitioning variability of time-series data to various time scales (spectral analysis) are presented. The relation between marsh elevation and the tidal frame of a given hydrograph is described. A hydrologic index that integrates water-level and salinity data, which are collected hourly, with vegetation data that are collected annually is developed. To demonstrate its utility, the hydrologic index is applied to 173 CRMS sites across the coast, and variability in index scores across marsh vegetation types (fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline) is assessed. The index is also applied to 11 sites located in three Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects, and the ability of the index to convey temporal hydrologic variability in response to climatic stressors and restoration measures, as well as the effect that this community may have on wetland plant productivity, is illustrated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121122","usgsCitation":"Snedden, G., and Swenson, E.M., 2012, Hydrologic index development and application to selected Coastwide Reference Monitoring System sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1122, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121122.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1122.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound;Grand Island;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.08333333333333,28.833333333333332 ], [ -91.08333333333333,30.25 ], [ -88.83333333333333,30.25 ], [ -88.83333333333333,28.833333333333332 ], [ -91.08333333333333,28.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3637e4b0c8380cd60526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swenson, Erick M.","contributorId":28116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038861,"text":"ofr20121132 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70038861,"text":"ofr20121132 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"ofr20121132","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70039814,"text":"sir20125161 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"sir20125161","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70039814,"text":"sir20125161 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"sir20125161","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:33:45","indexId":"ofr20121132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1132","title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A numerical transient model of the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida was developed to (1) increase the understanding of water exchanges between the surficial and the Floridan aquifer systems, (2) assess the recharge rates to the surficial aquifer system from infiltration through the unsaturated zone and (3) obtain a simulation tool that could be used by water-resource managers to assess the impact of changes in groundwater withdrawals on spring flows and on the potentiometric surfaces of the hydrogeologic units composing the Floridan aquifer system. The hydrogeology of east-central Florida was evaluated and used to develop and calibrate the groundwater flow model, which simulates the regional fresh groundwater flow system. The U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional groundwater flow model, MODFLOW-2005, was used to simulate transient groundwater flow in the surficial, intermediate, and Floridan aquifer systems from 1995 to 2006. The east-central Florida transient model encompasses an actively simulated area of about 9,000 square miles. Although the model includes surficial processes-rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, lake water levels, and stream water levels and flows-its primary purpose is to characterize and refine the understanding of groundwater flow in the Floridan aquifer system. Model-independent estimates of the partitioning of rainfall into evapotranspiration, streamflow, and aquifer recharge are provided from a water-budget analysis of the surficial aquifer system. The interaction of the groundwater flow system with the surface environment was simulated using the Green-Ampt infiltration method and the MODFLOW-2005 Unsaturated-Zone Flow, Lake, and Streamflow-Routing Packages. The model is intended to simulate the part of the groundwater system that contains freshwater. The bottom and lateral boundaries of the model were established at the estimated depths where the chloride concentration is 5,000 milligrams per liter in the Floridan aquifer system. Potential flow across the interface represented by this chloride concentration is simulated by the General Head Boundary Package. During 1995 through 2006, there were no major groundwater withdrawals near the freshwater and saline-water interface, making the general head boundary a suitable feature to estimate flow through the interface. The east-central Florida transient model was calibrated using the inverse parameter estimation code, PEST. Steady-state models for 1999 and 2003 were developed to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K) using average annual heads and spring flows as observations. The spatial variation of K was represented using zones of constant values in some layers, and pilot points in other layers. Estimated K values were within one order of magnitude of aquifer performance test data. A simulation of the final two years (2005-2006) of the 12-year model, with the K estimates from the steady-state calibration, was used to guide the estimation of specific yield and specific storage values. The final model yielded head and spring-flow residuals that met the calibration criteria for the 12-year transient simulation. The overall mean residual for heads, defining residual as simulated minus measured value, was -0.04 foot. The overall root-mean square residual for heads was less than 3.6 feet for each year in the 1995 to 2006 simulation period. The overall mean residual for spring flows was -0.3 cubic foot per second. The spatial distribution of head residuals was generally random, with some minor indications of bias. Simulated average evapotranspiration (ET) over the 1995 to 2006 period was 34.5 inches per year, compared to the calculated average ET rate of 36.6 inches per year from the model-independent water-budget analysis. Simulated average net recharge to the surficial aquifer system was 3.6 inches per year, compared with the calculated average of 3.2 inches per year from the model-independent waterbudget analysis. Groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system averaged about 800 million gallons per day, which is equivalent to about 2 inches per year over the model area and slightly more than half of the simulated average net recharge to the surficial aquifer system over the same period. Annual net simulated recharge rates to the surficial aquifer system were less than the total groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system only during the below-average rainfall years of 2000 and 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., Tiedeman, C.R., O’Reilly, A.M., Davis, J., and Burger, P., 2012, Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1132, xiv, 226 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121132.","productDescription":"xiv, 226 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1132.jpg"},{"id":258054,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projector, Zone 17","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard;Hardee;Highlands;Indian River;Lake;Marion;Okeechobee;Orange;Osceola;Polk;Seminole;Volusia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,27.5 ], [ -82,29.166666666666668 ], [ -80.5,29.166666666666668 ], [ -80.5,27.5 ], [ -82,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da0e4b0c8380cd5bf64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jeffery B.","contributorId":44032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jeffery B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burger, Patrick","contributorId":90976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038835,"text":"ofr20121026 - 2012 - Hydrologic and landscape database for the Cache and White River National Wildlife Refuges and contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-27T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20121026","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1026","title":"Hydrologic and landscape database for the Cache and White River National Wildlife Refuges and contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A hydrologic and landscape database was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for the Cache River and White River National Wildlife Refuges and their contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The database is composed of a set of ASCII files, Microsoft Access® files, Microsoft Excel® files, an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS® geodatabase, ESRI ArcGRID® raster datasets, and an ESRI ArcReader® published map. The database was developed as an assessment and evaluation tool to use in examining refuge-specific hydrologic patterns and trends as related to water availability for refuge ecosystems, habitats, and target species; and includes hydrologic time-series data, statistics, and hydroecological metrics that can be used to assess refuge hydrologic conditions and the availability of aquatic and riparian habitat. Landscape data that describe the refuge physiographic setting and the locations of hydrologic-data collection stations are also included in the database. Categories of landscape data include land cover, soil hydrologic characteristics, physiographic features, geographic and hydrographic boundaries, hydrographic features, regional runoff estimates, and gaging-station locations. The database geographic extent covers three hydrologic subregions—the Lower Mississippi–St Francis (0802), the Upper White (1101), and the Lower Arkansas (1111)—within which human activities, climatic variation, and hydrologic processes can potentially affect the hydrologic regime of the refuges and adjacent areas. Database construction has been automated to facilitate periodic updates with new data. The database report (1) serves as a user guide for the database, (2) describes the data-collection, data-reduction, and data-analysis methods used to construct the database, (3) provides a statistical and graphical description of the database, and (4) provides detailed information on the development of analytical techniques designed to assess water availability for ecological needs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Buell, G.R., Wehmeyer, L.L., and Calhoun, D.L., 2012, Hydrologic and landscape database for the Cache and White River National Wildlife Refuges and contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1026, viii, 27 p.; Tables 2-13: pgs. 29-73; Appendices: pgs. 75-79, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121026.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p.; Tables 2-13: pgs. 29-73; Appendices: pgs. 75-79","startPage":"i","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"87","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1026.jpg"},{"id":257906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Missouri;Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Cace River National Wildlife Refuge;White River National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3554e4b0c8380cd5fe1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calhoun, Daniel L. 0000-0003-2371-6936 dcalhoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6936","contributorId":1455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Daniel","email":"dcalhoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038818,"text":"ofr20121124 - 2012 - Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-26T01:01:35","indexId":"ofr20121124","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1124","title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010","docAbstract":"Understanding the sources, fate, and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic ecosystems is important for water-resource management. This study was conducted during 2008 and 2010 to establish a framework for assessing endocrine disrupting chemicals, and involved a statewide survey of their occurrence in 14 Minnesota lakes and a targeted study of different microhabitats on a single lake. The lakes ranged in size from about 0.1 to 100 square kilometers, varied in trophic status from oligotrophic to eutrophic, and spanned a range of land-uses from wetlands and forest to agricultural and urban use. Water and sediment samples were collected from the near-shore littoral environment and analyzed for endocrine disrupting chemicals, including trace elements, acidic organic compounds, neutral organic compounds, and steroidal hormones. In addition, polar organic compound integrative samplers were deployed for 21 days and analyzed for the same organic compounds. One lake was selected for a detailed microhabitat study of multiple near-shore environments. This report compiles the results from the field measurements and laboratory chemical analysis of water, sediment, and polar organic compound integrative sampler samples collected during 2008 and 2010. Most of the organic compounds measured were not detected in any of the water samples, although a few compounds were detected in several of the lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Writer, J.H., Keefe, S., Brown, G.K., Ferrey, M.L., Jahns, N.D., Kiesling, R.L., Lundy, J.R., Poganski, B.H., Rosenberry, D.O., Taylor, H.E., Woodruff, O., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2012, Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1124, viii, 13 p.; Figures: pgs. 14-16; Tables: pgs. 17-53, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121124.","productDescription":"viii, 13 p.; Figures: pgs. 14-16; Tables: pgs. 17-53","startPage":"i","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1124.jpg"},{"id":257853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.2,43.56666666666667 ], [ -97.2,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.56666666666666,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.56666666666666,43.56666666666667 ], [ -97.2,43.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0926e4b0c8380cd51e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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2012 - Assessing native and introduced fish predation on migrating juvenile salmon in Priest Rapids and Wanapum Reservoirs, Columbia River, Washington, 2009--11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T12:19:51","indexId":"ofr20121130","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1130","title":"Assessing native and introduced fish predation on migrating juvenile salmon in Priest Rapids and Wanapum Reservoirs, Columbia River, Washington, 2009--11","docAbstract":"Hydroelectric development on the mainstem Columbia River has created a series of impoundments that promote the production of native and non-native piscivores. Reducing the effects of fish predation on migrating juvenile salmonids has been a major component of mitigating the effects of hydroelectric development in the Columbia River basin. Extensive research examining juvenile salmon predation has been conducted in the lower Columbia River. Fewer studies of predation have been done in the Columbia River upstream of its confluence with the Snake River; the most comprehensive predation study being from the early 1990s. The Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington initiated a northern pikeminnow removal program in 1995 in an attempt to reduce predation on juvenile salmonids. However, there has been no assessment of the relative predation within the Priest Rapids Project since the removal program began. Further, there is concern about the effects of piscivores other than northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), such as channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Sander vitreus, formerlyStizostedion vitreum). The Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington and the Priest Rapids Coordinating Committee requested that the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, assist them in evaluating the effects of native and introduced predatory fish on migrating juvenile salmon. From 2009 to 2010, we conducted sampling in the 103 kilometers (64 river miles) of the Columbia River from the tailrace of Rock Island Dam downstream to the tailrace of Priest Rapids Dam. To assess predation, we used electrofishing to collect northern pikeminnow, smallmouth bass, and walleye to analyze their diets during 2009 and 2010. In 2009, we used methods to allow comparisons to a previous study conducted in 1993. During 2009, we also used an alternate sampling strategy using habitat data and geographic information system software to select sites and allocate samples. In 2010, we used the data collected during 2009 to further refine our sampling design, with the intent of using the data collected during 2010 to formulate a design strategy for implementation during 2011. Based on the results of 2011, we would then propose a strategy for future studies. However, during 2011, our efforts were redirected to specifically address factors that may be affecting steelhead trout survival in the Priest Rapids Reservoir, Columbia River.
\nWe used the catch and diet data collected in 2009 and 2010 to estimate relative abundance, consumption, and predation indices for northern pikeminnow and smallmouth bass. Despite extensive sampling in the study area in 2009 and 2010, very few channel catfish and walleye were captured. The mean total lengths of northern pikeminnow were much lower than those observed in 1993; suggesting that efforts to remove northern pikeminnow in the study area may be shifting the population towards smaller fish. The northern pikeminnow predation index values were lower in 2009 than in the 1993 study. The reduced predation levels observed may be due to the prevalence of smaller pikeminnow in our catches than in catches reported in 1993. Predation by smallmouth bass was lower in 2009 than in 2010, and generally was greater than predation for northern pikeminnow. Predation for northern pikeminnow was concentrated in the tailrace areas of Priest Rapids, Wanapum, and Rock Island Dams; predation for smallmouth bass was concentrated in the forebay and mid-reservoir sections of the study area. Our results indicate areas where control measures for smallmouth bass could be concentrated to reduce predation in the Priest Rapids Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T.D., Hardiman, J.M., Burgess, D.S., Simmons, K.E., Holmberg, G.S., Rogala, J.A., and Polacek, R.R., 2012, Assessing native and introduced fish predation on migrating juvenile salmon in Priest Rapids and Wanapum Reservoirs, Columbia River, Washington, 2009--11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1130, viii, 28 p.; Figures: pgs. 29-61; Tables: pgs. 62-68, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121130.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.; Figures: pgs. 29-61; Tables: pgs. 62-68","startPage":"i","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1130.jpg"},{"id":257784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Priest Rapids Reservoir, Wanapum Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 47.32393057095941\n ],\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 47.32393057095941\n ],\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 46.50973514453879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddbe4b0c8380cd49a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, Dave S.","contributorId":8714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, Katrina E.","contributorId":50395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmberg, Glen S. gholmberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmberg","given":"Glen","email":"gholmberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogala, Josh A.","contributorId":97369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Polacek, Rochelle R.","contributorId":45173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polacek","given":"Rochelle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038811,"text":"ofr20121129 - 2012 - Assessing fish predation on migrating juvenile steelhead and a retrospective comparison to steelhead survival through the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project, Columbia River, Washington, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T13:03:30","indexId":"ofr20121129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1129","title":"Assessing fish predation on migrating juvenile steelhead and a retrospective comparison to steelhead survival through the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project, Columbia River, Washington, 2009-11","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) have been working with the Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington (Grant PUD), to increase their understanding of predator-prey interactions in the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project (PRP), Columbia River, Washington. For this study, the PRP is defined as the area approximately 6 kilometers upstream of Wanapum Dam to the Priest Rapids Dam tailrace, 397.1 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River. Past year’s low survival numbers of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through Wanapum and Priest Rapids Dams has prompted Grant PUD, on behalf of the Priest Rapids Coordinating Committee, to focus research efforts on steelhead migration and potential causal mechanisms for low survival. Steelhead passage survival in 2009 was estimated at 0.944 through the Wanapum Development (dam and reservoir) and 0.881 through the Priest Rapids Development and for 2010, steelhead survival was 0.855 for Wanapum Development and 0.904 for Priest Rapids Development. The USGS and WDFW implemented field collection efforts in 2011 for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Sander vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum) and their diets in the PRP. For predator indexing, we collected 948 northern pikeminnow, 237 smallmouth bass, 18 walleye, and two largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The intent of this study was to provide standardized predation indices within individual reaches of the PRP to discern spatial variability in predation patterns. Furthermore, the results of the 2011 study were compared to results of a concurrent steelhead survival study. Our results do not indicate excessively high predation of Oncorhynchus spp. occurring by northern pikeminnow or smallmouth bass in any particular reach throughout the study area. Although we found Oncorhynchus spp. in the predator diets, the relative proportion was small. Predation index values in 2011 were highest in the Priest Rapids mid-reservoir reach for northern pikeminnow and smallmouth bass. Predation indices generally were high in the tailrace areas for northern pikeminnow, and high in the forebay areas for smallmouth bass. Steelhead survival in 2011 was consistently high throughout the study period and the PRP, although predation indices were relatively low, which suggests that fish predation did not significantly affect steelhead survival throughout the study area. Our efforts to correlate retrospective predation indices with survival estimates for 2009 and 2010 did provide some evidence for high predation occurring in some of the same reaches, which had low steelhead survival, such as the Priest Rapids tailrace in 2009. However, for 2010, our results indicated that the loss of salmonids to predation were more contradictory to the survival results, where predation indices were higher for reaches in the Priest Rapids Development than in the Wanapum Development. Establishing correlations between steelhead survival and observed predation indices for previous research years, in 2009 and 2010 was confounded by the lack of coordination of these two studies during the initial study design, implementation period for such an analysis. Future efforts to correlate steelhead survival with fish predation would benefit from efforts to better coordinate the studies with consistent study reaches, and better timing of concurrent efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J.M., Counihan, T.D., Burgess, D.S., Simmons, K.E., Holmberg, G.S., Rogala, J., and Polacek, R., 2012, Assessing fish predation on migrating juvenile steelhead and a retrospective comparison to steelhead survival through the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project, Columbia River, Washington, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1129, vi, 18 p.; Figures: pgs. 19-30; Tables: pgs. 31-35, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121129.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Figures: pgs. 19-30; Tables: pgs. 31-35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1129.jpg"},{"id":257787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Priest Rapids Reservoir, Wanapum Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -119.70703125,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -119.70703125,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 46.5739667965278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd4e4b0c8380cd49a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, Dave S.","contributorId":8714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, Katrina E.","contributorId":50395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmberg, Glen S. gholmberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmberg","given":"Glen","email":"gholmberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogala, Josh","contributorId":52460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Polacek, Rochelle","contributorId":39257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polacek","given":"Rochelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038827,"text":"ofr20121126 - 2012 - 234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T18:48:08.260831","indexId":"ofr20121126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1126","displayTitle":"234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","title":"234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases 234U/238U isotope data, expressed as activity ratios, and uranium concentration data from analyses completed at Northern Arizona University for groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples that were collected in and around Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona, in 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Horton, R., Otton, J.K., and Ketterer, M.K., 2012, 234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1126, iii, 2 p.; 2 Appendices; PDF Download of Table 1; XLSX Download of Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121126.","productDescription":"iii, 2 p.; 2 Appendices; PDF Download of Table 1; XLSX Download of Table 1","startPage":"i","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390484,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/AppendixB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390481,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/Table1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390483,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/Table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":390480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/OF12-1126.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390482,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/AppendixA.pdf","text":"Appendix A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1126.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuba City","otherGeospatial":"Tuba City Open Dump","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ae4b0b290850eeffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ketterer, Michael K.","contributorId":93756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038793,"text":"ofr20122011 - 2012 - Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:41:33","indexId":"ofr20122011","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1110","title":"Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"Turbines have been used to harness energy from wind for hundreds of years. However, with growing concerns about climate change, wind energy has only recently entered the mainstream of global electricity production. Since early on in the development of wind-energy production, concerns have arisen about the potential impacts of turbines to wildlife; these concerns have especially focused on the mortality of birds. Despite recent improvements to turbines that have resulted in reduced mortality of birds, there is clear evidence that bat mortality at wind turbines is of far greater conservation concern. Bats of certain species are dying by the thousands at turbines across North America, and the species consistently affected tend to be those that rely on trees as roosts and most migrate long distances. Turbine-related bat mortalities are now affecting nearly a quarter of all bat species occurring in the United States and Canada. Most documented bat mortality at wind-energy facilities has occurred in late summer and early fall and has involved tree bats, with hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) being the most prevalent among fatalities. This literature synthesis and annotated bibliography focuses on refereed journal publications and theses about bats and wind-energy development in North America (United States and Canada). Thirty-six publications and eight theses were found, and their key findings were summarized. These publications date from 1996 through 2011, with the bulk of publications appearing from 2007 to present, reflecting the relatively recent conservation concerns about bats and wind energy. The idea for this Open-File Report formed while organizing a joint U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/U.S. Geological Survey \"Bats and Wind Energy Workshop,\" on January 25-26, 2012. The purposes of the workshop were to develop a list of research priorities to support decision making concerning bats with respect to siting and operations of wind-energy facilities across the United States. This document was intended to provide background information for the workshop participants on what has been published on bats and wind-energy issues in North America (United States and Canada).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20122011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2012, Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1110, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20122011.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1110.JPG"},{"id":257747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f021e4b0c8380cd4a5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038756,"text":"ofr20121061 - 2012 - Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"ofr20121061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1061","title":"Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"Increasingly, dry rangelands are being valued for multiple services beyond their traditional value as a forage production system. Additional ecosystem services include the potential to store carbon in the soil and plant biomass. In addition, dust emissions from rangelands might be considered an ecosystem detriment, the opposite of an ecosystem service. Dust emitted may have far-reaching impacts, for example, reduction of local air quality, as well as altering regional water supplies through effects on snowpack. Using an extensive rangeland monitoring dataset in the greater Canyonlands region (Utah, USA), we developed a method to estimate indices of the provisioning of three ecosystem services (forage production, dust retention, C storage) and one ecosystem property (nativeness), taking into account both ecosystem type and alternative states within that ecosystem type. We also integrated these four indices into a multifunctionality index. Comparing the currently ungrazed Canyonlands National Park watersheds to the adjacent Dugout Ranch pastures, we found clearly higher multifunctionality was attained in the Park, and that this was primarily driven by greater C-storage and better dust retention. It is unlikely to maximize all benefits and minimize all detriments at the same time. Some goods and services may have synergistic interactions; for example, managing for carbon storage will increase plant and biocrust cover likely lowering dust emission. Likewise, some may have antagonistic interactions. For instance, if carbon is consumed as biomass for livestock production, then carbon storage may be reduced. Ultimately our goal should be to quantify the monetary consequences of specific land use practices for multiple ecosystem services and determine the best land use and adaptive management practices for attaining multiple ecosystem services, minimizing economic detriments, and maximizing economic benefits from multi-commodity rangelands. Our technique is the first step toward this goal, allowing the simultaneous consideration of multiple targeted ecosystem services and properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121061","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., and Belote, R., 2012, Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1061, v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121061.","productDescription":"v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1061.gif"},{"id":257694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Creek Watershed;Dugout Ranch","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4de4b0c8380cd49cb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. 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E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belote, R.T.","contributorId":101119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038696,"text":"ofr20101253 - 2012 - Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20101253","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1253","title":"Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined a contaminated section of the Palos Verdes shelf in southern California as a Superfund site, initiating a continuing investigation of this area. A number of agencies, including the EPA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), conducted two oceanographic measurement programs in 2004 and 2007-2008 (SAIC, 2004, 2005; Rosenberger and others, 2010; Sherwood and others, unpublished data) to improve our understanding of the natural processes that resuspend and transport sediment in the area, especially in the region southeast of the Whites Point ocean outfall where earlier measurements were thought to be deficient. Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) deployed a simpler but much broader array of instruments on the Palos Verdes shelf and within the northern reaches of San Pedro Bay from 2000 to 2008 in order to characterize the current and temperature patterns within these regions. This program overlapped the two programs run by USGS and other agencies in 2004 and 2007. The LACSD data were made available to the USGS and the EPA in order to support their joint efforts to model the transport of the contaminated sediments in the region. This report describes the LACSD data sets, the instruments and data-processing procedures used, and the archive that contains the data sets that have passed our quality-assurance procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101253","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T., Rosenberger, K., and Gartner, A.L., 2012, Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1253, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101253.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1253.gif"},{"id":257540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/of2010-1253.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf;San Pedro Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a447e4b0e8fec6cdbb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Anne L.","contributorId":32620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038662,"text":"ofr20121125 - 2012 - A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"ofr20121125","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1125","title":"A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09","docAbstract":"We analyzed 6 years (2004-09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to examine how spill bay operations affect survival of juvenile salmonids passing through the spillway at McNary Dam. We also examined the relations between spill bay operations and survival through the juvenile fish bypass in an attempt to determine if survival through the bypass is influenced by spill bay operations. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber release-recapture model (CJS model) to determine how the survival of juvenile salmonids passing through McNary Dam relates to spill bay operations. Results of these analyses, while not designed to yield predictive models, can be used to help develop dam-operation strategies that optimize juvenile salmonid survival. For example, increasing total discharge typically had a positive effect on both spillway and bypass survival for all species except sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Likewise, an increase in spill bay discharge improved spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and an increase in spillway discharge positively affected spillway survival for juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The strong linear relation between increased spill and increased survival indicates that increasing the amount of water through the spillway is one strategy that could be used to improve spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead. However, increased spill did not improve spillway survival for subyearling Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon. Our results indicate that a uniform spill pattern would provide the highest spillway survival and bypass survival for subyearling Chinook salmon. Conversely, a predominantly south spill pattern provided the highest spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead. Although spill pattern was not a factor for spillway survival of sockeye salmon, spill bay operations that optimize passage through the north and south spill bays maximized spillway survival for this species. Bypass survival of yearling Chinook salmon could be improved by optimizing conditions to facilitate bypass passage at night, but the method to do so is not apparent from this analysis because photoperiod was the only factor affecting bypass survival based on the best and only supported model. Bypass survival of juvenile steelhead would benefit from lower water temperatures and increased total and spillway discharge. Likewise, subyearling Chinook salmon bypass survival would improve with lower water temperatures, increased total discharge, and a uniform spill pattern.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Hansel, H.C., Perry, R.W., and Evans, S.D., 2012, A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1125, vi, 51 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121125.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1125.jpg"},{"id":257472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mcnary Dam;Columbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,45.25 ], [ -121,48.25 ], [ -117.75,48.25 ], [ -117.75,45.25 ], [ -121,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ce4b0c8380cd466f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038653,"text":"ofr20121080 - 2012 - Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:03:18.851877","indexId":"ofr20121080","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1080","title":"Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","docAbstract":"A magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas was created as part of a cooperative research and development agreement with the Pacific Gas and Electric Company and is intended to promote further understanding of the areal geology and structure by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, mineral and water resource investigations, and other topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on magnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals can be related to either lithologic or structural boundaries. Magnetic susceptibility measurements from the area indicate that bodies of serpentinite and other mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because some sedimentary units also can produce measurable magnetic anomalies. Remanent magnetization does not appear to be a significant source for magnetic anomalies because it is an order of magnitude less than the induced magnetization. The map is a mosaic of three separate surveys collected by (1) fixed-wing aircraft at a nominal height of 305 m, (2) by boat with the sensor at sea level, and (3) by helicopter. The helicopter survey was flown by New-Sense Geophysics in October 2009 along flight lines spaced 150-m apart and at a nominal terrain clearance of 50 to 100 m. Tie lines were flown 1,500-m apart. Data were adjusted for lag error and diurnal field variations. Further processing included microleveling using the tie lines and subtraction of the reference field defined by International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 2005 extrapolated to August 1, 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121080","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Watt, J., and Denton, K., 2012, Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1080, Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121080.","productDescription":"Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1080.jpg"},{"id":257423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo","otherGeospatial":"Irish Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b72e4b0c8380cd69554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, J. T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":86052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denton, K.M.","contributorId":102736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038659,"text":"ofr20121003 - 2012 - Apalachicola Bay interpreted seismic horizons and updated IRIS chirp seismic-reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"ofr20121003","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1003","title":"Apalachicola Bay interpreted seismic horizons and updated IRIS chirp seismic-reflection data","docAbstract":"Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound contain the largest oyster fishery in Florida, and the growth and distribution of the numerous oyster reefs here are the combined product of modern estuarine conditions and the late Holocene evolution of the bay. A suite of geophysical data and cores were collected during a cooperative study by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, and the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve to refine the geology of the bay floor as well as the bay's Holocene stratigraphy. Sidescan-sonar imagery, bathymetry, high-resolution seismic profiles, and cores show that oyster reefs occupy the crests of sandy shoals that range from 1 to 7 kilometers in length, while most of the remainder of the bay floor is covered by mud. The sandy shoals are the surficial expression of broader sand deposits associated with deltas that advanced southward into the bay between 6,400 and 4,400 years before present. The seismic and core data indicate that the extent of oyster reefs was greatest between 2,400 and 1,200 years before present and has decreased since then due to the continued input of mud to the bay by the Apalachicola River. The association of oyster reefs with the middle to late Holocene sandy delta deposits indicates that the present distribution of oyster beds is controlled in part by the geologic evolution of the estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121003","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Twichell, D., Foster, D., and O’Brien, T., 2012, Apalachicola Bay interpreted seismic horizons and updated IRIS chirp seismic-reflection data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1003, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121003.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1003.gif"},{"id":257457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola Bay;St. George Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-85.02728249940354, 29.60094279613019], [-85.06982300088733, 29.613662139736885], [-85.07587739172085, 29.620678508293896], [-85.09644316661681, 29.62902080962291], [-85.08816605878464, 29.650513310578308], [-85.05943573688862, 29.667625142537283], [-85.06314983130476, 29.67515801741644], [-85.04552725419063, 29.681152907250436], [-85.04438108902136, 29.685060356544486], [-85.03347024431788, 29.689896549330513], [-85.03138591115187, 29.687864061304822], [-85.02175614039125, 29.69213116982222], [-85.01258171163003, 29.691663872580836], [-85.00210971978203, 29.696302061981868], [-84.98707360421308, 29.694746810316033], [-84.98270362225699, 29.68658714055262], [-84.9722922434921, 29.686821549795628], [-84.95720803974183, 29.69655349080144], [-84.95424671527581, 29.703400142290466], [-84.94113823548686, 29.70957695609251], [-84.93770091801306, 29.725087214601054], [-84.93387323506657, 29.724239083445788], [-84.9349480595978, 29.70793787808766], [-84.90726714856699, 29.718519635594838], [-84.8912700784833, 29.717614872956197], [-84.88810421499034, 29.694995912612445], [-84.87580138048259, 29.677235928077888], [-84.8961458113084, 29.668209172584532], [-84.8900619554147, 29.66558229937589], [-84.9055696166748, 29.65566537323226], [-84.92480482942827, 29.65265093374542], [-84.9354210639168, 29.647910493496102], [-84.93529305473724, 29.6427786392981], [-84.93931680160523, 29.63703617022677], [-84.95960506625498, 29.621834102869816], [-84.98758381277477, 29.612348656547987], [-85.00073260962643, 29.613921327011045], [-85.00833226776997, 29.608502652639295], [-85.02118847137471, 29.610050484145432], [-85.02378467634672, 29.60298330878684], [-85.02728249940354, 29.60094279613019]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-85.09644316661681, 29.60094279613019, -84.87580138048259, 29.725087214601054], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091969\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec70e4b0c8380cd49285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038626,"text":"ofr20121100 - 2012 - Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121100","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1100","title":"Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Black Pine Mountains, southeastern Cassia County, Idaho, consist of southern and northern blocks separated by a northeast-trending, high-angle fault. Differences in conodont color alteration values distinguish the two blocks. The southern block has significantly higher organic maturation levels than the northern block and is interpreted to have been thrust northeastward adjacent to the northern block.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121100","usgsCitation":"Smith, F.J., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2012, Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1100, iv, 5 p.; XLS Download of Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121100.","productDescription":"iv, 5 p.; XLS Download of Table 1","startPage":"i","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1100.gif"},{"id":257259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1100/ofr2012-1100.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Black Pine Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9cfe4b0c8380cd4d7bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Fred J. Jr.","contributorId":30864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Fred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038461,"text":"ofr20101091 - 2012 - High-resolution geophysical data collected within Red Brook Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-01T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20101091","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1091","title":"High-resolution geophysical data collected within Red Brook Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a high-resolution geophysical survey within Red Brook Harbor, Massachusetts, from September 28 through November 17, 2009. Red Brook Harbor is located on the eastern edge of Buzzards Bay, south of the Cape Cod Canal. The survey area was approximately 7 square kilometers, with depths ranging from 0 to approximately 10 meters. Data were collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey Research Vessel Rafael. The research vessel was equipped with a 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar system to collect bathymetry and backscatter data, a dual frequency (3.5- and 200-kilohertz) compression high-intensity radar pulse seismic reflection profiler to collect subbottom data, a sound velocity profiler to acquire speed of sound within the water column, and a sea floor sampling device to collect sediment samples, video, and photographs. The survey was part of an ongoing cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of the Massachusetts inner continental shelf. In addition to inclusion within the cooperative geologic mapping effort, these data will be used to assess the shallow-water mapping capability of the geophysical systems deployed for this project, with an emphasis on identifying resolution benchmarks for the interferometric sonar system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Turecek, A.M., Danforth, W.W., Baldwin, W.E., and Barnhardt, W., 2012, High-resolution geophysical data collected within Red Brook Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1091, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101091.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1091.gif"},{"id":257207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Buzzards Bay;Red Brook Harbor","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3101e4b0c8380cd5db5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turecek, Aaron M.","contributorId":22190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turecek","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038460,"text":"ofr20121106 - 2012 - Interim results from a study of the behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March--August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-06T01:01:36","indexId":"ofr20121106","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1106","title":"Interim results from a study of the behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March--August 2011","docAbstract":"The movements and dam passage of yearling juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with acoustic transmitters and passive integrated transponder tags were studied at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, near Springfield, Oregon. A total of 411 hatchery fish and 26 wild fish were tagged and released between March 7 and May 21, 2011. A series of 16 autonomous hydrophones placed throughout the reservoir were used to determine general fish movements over the life of the acoustic transmitter, which was expected to be 91 days. Movements within the reservoir were directional, and it was common for fish to migrate repeatedly from the head of the reservoir downstream to the dam outlet and back. The dam passage rate was 11.2 percent (95-percent confidence interval 7.8–14.6 percent) for hatchery fish and 15.4 percent (95-percent confidence interval -1.0–31.8 percent) for wild fish within 91 days from release. Most fish passage occurred at night. The median time from release to dam passage was 34.5 days for hatchery fish and 34.2 days for wild fish. A system of hydrophones near the dam outlet, a temperature control tower, was used to estimate positions of fish in three dimensions to enable detailed analyses of fish behavior near the tower. Analyses of these data indicate that hourly averaged depths of fish within a distance of 74 m from the upstream face of the tower ranged from 0.6 to 9.6 meters, with a median depth of 3.6 meters for hatchery fish and 3.4 meters for wild fish. Dam discharge rates and the diurnal period affected the rates of dam passage. Rates of dam passage were similar when the dam discharge rate was less than 1,200 cubic feet per second, but increased sharply at higher discharges. The rate of dam passage at night was 4.4–7.8 times greater than during the day, depending on the distance of fish from the dam. This report is an interim summary of data collected as of August 3, 2011, for planning purposes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Haner, P.V., Sprando, J.M., Smith, C., and Evans, S.D., 2012, Interim results from a study of the behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March--August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1106, vi, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121106.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1106.jpg"},{"id":257206,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Reservoir And Dam","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d19e4b0c8380cd632cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":7915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin D.","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038452,"text":"ofr20121066 - 2012 - Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:22:13","indexId":"ofr20121066","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1066","title":"Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation","docAbstract":"This report expands the Water Science Strategy that was begun in the USGS Science Strategy, “Facing Tomorrow’s Challenges—U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007–2017” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007). The report looks at the relevant issues facing society and develops a strategy built around observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science for the next 5 to 10 years by building new capabilities, tools, and delivery systems to meet the Nation’s water-resource needs. This report begins by presenting the vision of water science for the USGS and the societal issues that are influenced by, and in turn influence, the water resources of our Nation. The essence of the Water Strategic Science Plan is built on the concept of “water availability,” defined as spatial and temporal distribution of water quantity and quality, as related to human and ecosystem needs, as affected by human and natural influences. The report also describes the core capabilities of the USGS in water science—the strengths, partnerships, and science integrity that the USGS has built over its 130-year history.
\nNine priority actions are presented in the report, which combine and elevate the numerous specific strategic actions listed throughout the report. Priority actions were developed as a means of providing the audience of this report with a list for focused attention, even if resources and time limit the ability of managers to address all of the strategic actions in the report. Priority actions focus on the following:
\nThe body of the report is presented as a hierarchal set of 5 goals, 14 objectives, and 27 strategic actions that the USGS should undertake to advance water science through year 2022.
The goals deal with:
Scientific information produced on water resources would be without value if it were not communicated to society in a fashion that can inform decisions and actions. Therefore, the chapter following the goals describes how the USGS should inform, involve, and educate society about the science it produces. This includes discussions on local outreach and the use of social media for effective communication.
\nThis report concludes with a chapter devoted to the crosscutting science issues of the Water Mission Area with the other USGS Mission Areas: Climate and Land Use Change, Core Science Systems, Ecosystems, Energy and Minerals, Environmental Health Science, and Natural Hazards. Not one of these Mission Areas stands alone—all must work together and integrate their actions to fulfill the USGS science mission for the future. This final chapter identifies the important linkages that must be realized and maintained for this integration to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121066","usgsCitation":"Evenson, E.J., Orndorff, R.C., Blome, C.D., Böhlke, J., Hershberger, P., Langenheim, V., McCabe, G., Morlock, S.E., Reeves, H.W., Verdin, J.P., Weyers, H., and Wood, T.M., 2012, Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1066, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121066.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1066.gif"},{"id":338629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1066/of2012-1066.pdf"},{"id":257126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98a3e4b08c986b31c0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evenson, Eric J. eevenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Eric","email":"eevenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":22843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weyers, Holly S. hsweyers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"Holly S.","email":"hsweyers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70038457,"text":"ofr20121069 - 2012 - USGS Environmental health science strategy: providing environmental health science for a changing world: Public review release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T15:57:39.079425","indexId":"ofr20121069","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1069","title":"USGS Environmental health science strategy: providing environmental health science for a changing world: Public review release","docAbstract":"America has an abundance of natural resources. We have bountiful clean water, fertile soil, and unrivaled national parks, wildlife refuges, and public lands. These resources enrich our lives and preserve our health and wellbeing. These resources have been maintained because of our history of respect for their value and an enduring commitment to their vigilant protection. Awareness of the social, economic, and personal value of the health of our environment is increasing. The emergence of environmentally driven diseases caused by environmental exposure to contaminants and pathogens is a growing concern worldwide. New health threats and patterns of established threats are affected by both natural and anthropogenic changes to the environment. Human activities are key drivers of emerging (new and re-emerging) health threats. Societal demands for land and natural resources, a better quality of life, improved economic prosperity, and the environmental impacts associated with these demands will continue to increase. Natural earth processes, climate trends, and related climatic events will add to the environmental impact of human activities. These environmental drivers will influence exposure to disease agents, including viral, bacterial, prion, and fungal pathogens, parasites, natural earth materials, toxins and other biogenic compounds, and synthetic chemicals and substances.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines environmental health science broadly as the interdisciplinary study of relations among the quality of the physical environment, the health of the living environment, and human health. The interactions among these three spheres are driven by human activities, ecological processes, and natural earth processes; the interactions affect exposure to contaminants and pathogens and the severity of environmentally driven diseases in animals and people. This definition provides USGS with a framework for synthesizing natural science information from across the Bureau and providing it to environmental, natural resource, agricultural, and public-health managers.
The USGS is a Federal science agency with a broad range of natural science expertise relevant to environmental health. USGS provides scientific information and tools as a scientific basis for management and policy decision making. USGS specializes in science at the environment-health interface, by characterizing the processes that affect the interaction among the physical environment, the living environment, and people, and the resulting factors that affect ecological and human exposure to disease agents.
This report describes a 10-year strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS environmental health science. It summarizes national environmental health priorities that USGS is best suited to address, and will serve as a strategic framework for USGS environmental health science goals, actions, and outcomes for the next decade. Implementation of this strategy is intended to aid coordination of USGS environmental health activities and to provide a focal point for disseminating information to stakeholders.
The \"One Health\" paradigm advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011), and the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA, 2008), among others, is based on a general recognition that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are inextricably linked. Thus, successful efforts to protect that health will require increased interdisciplinary research and increased communication and collaboration among the broader scientific and health community. This strategy is built upon that paradigm.
The vision, mission, and five cornerstone goals of the USGS Environmental Health Science Strategy were developed with significant input from a wide range of stakeholders.
Vision - The USGS is a premier source of the environmental health science needed to safeguard the health of the environment, fish, wildlife, and people.
Mission - The mission of USGS in environmental health science is to contribute scientific information to environmental, natural resource, agricultural, and public-health managers, who use that science to support sound decision making. USGS provides the science to:
- Goal 1: Identify, prioritize, and detect contaminants and pathogens of emerging environmental concern.
- Goal 2: Reduce the impact of contaminants on the environment, fish, wildlife, and people.
- Goal 3: Reduce the impact of pathogens on the environment, fish, wildlife, and people.
- Goal 4: Discover the complex interactions and combined effects of exposure to contaminants and pathogens.
- Goal 5: Prepare for and respond to environmental impacts and related health threats of natural and anthropogenic disasters.
Goals 1 through 4 are intended to provide science to address environmental health threats in a logical order, from informing prevention and preparedness, to supporting systematic management response to environmental health issues. Goal 4 addresses the interaction among contaminants and pathogens, an issue of emerging concern in environmental health science. Goal 5 acknowledges the fact that natural and anthropogenic disasters can cause immediate and prolonged adverse environmental health threats.
This strategy proposes that USGS take the following strategic science actions to achieve each of the five goals of this strategy:
Goal 1: Identify, prioritize, and detect contaminants and pathogens of emerging environmental concern.
- Strategic Science Action 1. - Prioritize contaminants and pathogens of emerging concern to guide research, detection, and management activities.
- Strategic Science Action 2. - Conduct surveillance and monitoring to provide early warning of emerging health threats.
- Strategic Science Action 3. - Develop approaches and tools that identify vulnerable environmental settings, ecosystems, and species.
Goal 2: Reduce the impact of contaminants on the environment, fish, wildlife, and people.
- Strategic Science Action 1. - Systematically characterize the sources, occurrence, transport and fate of environmental contaminants to guide efforts to manage and mitigate contamination.
- Strategic Science Action 2. - Evaluate the threats of contamination on the health of the environment, fish, wildlife, and people, and inform the associated management and protection efforts.
- Strategic Science Action 3. - Characterize potential human exposure to support establishment of health-based standards or guidelines and contamination-reduction efforts.
Goal 3: Reduce the impact of pathogens on the environment, fish, wildlife, and people.
- Strategic Science Action 1. - Determine the biotic and abiotic factors that control the ecology of infectious diseases affecting natural populations of aquatic and terrestrial species and potential transmission to other animals and humans.
- Strategic Science Action 2. - Establish how natural and anthropogenic environmental changes affect the distribution and severity of infectious diseases in natural populations of aquatic and terrestrial species and potential transmission to other animals and humans.
- Strategic Science Action 3. - Develop surveillance systems to identify changing patterns of disease activity in priority geographic areas.
Goal 4: Discover the complex interactions and combined effects of exposure to contaminants and pathogens.
- Strategic Science Action 1. - Identify how exposure to one class of disease agents (contaminants or pathogens) can make an organism more susceptible to effects from exposure to the other class of disease agents.
- Strategic Science Action 2. - Implement interdisciplinary studies that characterize the effects of combined exposure to pathogens and contaminants.
Goal 5: Prepare for and respond to the environmental impacts and related health threats of natural and anthropogenic disasters.
- Strategic Science Action 1. - Establish a formal interdisciplinary science capability to rapidly assess the environmental health risks associated with disasters.
- Strategic Science Action 2. - Enhance methods to anticipate, prepare for, and identify environmental, ecological, and related health impacts of future disasters.
This strategy is one of seven USGS science strategies developed concurrently:
- Climate and Land Use Change
- Core Science Systems
- Ecosystems
- Energy and Mineral Resources
- Environmental Health
- Natural Hazards
- Water.
This strategy describes how USGS will address the highest priority environmental health issues facing the Nation. The ultimate intended outcome of this science strategy is prevention and reduction of adverse impacts to the quality of the environment, the health of our living resources, and human health. Communication with, and receiving input from, partners and stakeholders regarding their science needs is essential for successful implementation of this strategy. It is incumbent on USGS to reach out to all stakeholders to ensure that USGS efforts are focused on the highest priority environmental health issues and that products are provided in the most timely and usable form to all those who can use them. USGS must reach out to the scientific community, internally and externally, to ensure that our efforts are integrated with and take full advantage of the activities of others.
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