{"pageNumber":"990","pageRowStart":"24725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":58170,"text":"sir20045179 - 2004 - Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045179","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5179","title":"Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Carson Valley has caused concern over the continued availability of water resources to sustain future growth. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Douglas County, began a study to update estimates of water-budget components in Carson Valley for current climatic conditions. Data collected at 19 sites included 9 continuous records of tributary streamflows, 1 continuous record of outflow from the valley, and 408 measurements of 10 perennially flowing but ungaged drainages. These data were compiled and analyzed to provide updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, 1990-2002.\r\n\r\nMean monthly and annual flows were computed from continuous records for the period 1990-2002 for five streams, and for the period available, 1990-97, for four streams. Daily mean flow from ungaged drainages was estimated using multi-variate regressions of individual discharge measurements against measured flow at selected continuous gages. From the estimated daily mean flows, monthly and annual mean flows were calculated from 1990 to 2002. These values were used to compute estimates of mean monthly and annual flows for the ungaged perennial drainages. Using the computed and estimated mean annual flows, annual unit-area runoff was computed for the perennial drainages, which ranged from 0.30 to 2.02 feet.\r\n\r\nFor the period 1990-2002, estimated inflow of perennial streams tributary to Carson Valley totaled about 25,900 acre-feet per year. Inflow computed from gaged perennial drainages totaled 10,300 acre-feet per year, and estimated inflow from ungaged perennial drainages totaled 15,600 acre-feet per year. The annual flow of perennial streams ranges from 4,210 acre-feet at Clear Creek to 450 acre-feet at Stutler Canyon Creek. Differences in unit-area runoff and in the seasonal timing of flow likely are caused by differences in geologic setting, altitude, slope, or aspect of the individual drainages.\r\n\r\nThe remaining drainages are ephemeral and supply inflow to the valley floor only during spring runoff in wet years or during large precipitation events. Annual unit-area runoff for the perennial drainages was used to estimate inflow from ephemeral drainages totaling 11,700 acre-feet per year.\r\n\r\nThe totaled estimate of perennial and ephemeral tributary inflows to Carson Valley is 37,600 acre-feet per year. Gaged perennial inflow is 27 percent of the total, ungaged perennial inflow is 42 percent, and ephemeral inflow is 31 percent. The estimate is from 50 to 60 percent greater than three previous estimates, one made for a larger area and similar to two other estimates made for larger areas. The combined uncertainty of the estimates totaled about 33 percent of the total inflow or about 12,000 acre-feet per year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045179","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Watkins, S.A., and Burrowws, R.L., 2004, Updated computations and estimates of streamflows tributary to Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, 1990-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5179, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045179.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, Sharon A.","contributorId":93880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burrowws, Robert L.","contributorId":65922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrowws","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58045,"text":"sir20045157 - 2004 - August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:15","indexId":"sir20045157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5157","title":"August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating August median streamflow were developed for ungaged, unregulated streams in eastern coastal Maine. The methods apply to streams with drainage areas ranging in size from 0.04 to 73.2 square miles and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer ranging from 0 to 71 percent. The equations were developed with data from three long-term (greater than or equal to 10 years of record) continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 23 partial-record streamflow- gaging stations, and 5 short-term (less than 10 years of record) continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. A mathematical technique for estimating a standard low-flow statistic, August median streamflow, at partial-record streamflow-gaging stations and short-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations was applied by relating base-flow measurements at these stations to concurrent daily streamflows at nearby long-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations (index stations). Generalized least-squares regression analysis (GLS) was used to relate estimates of August median streamflow at streamflow-gaging stations to basin characteristics at these same stations to develop equations that can be applied to estimate August median streamflow on ungaged streams. GLS accounts for different periods of record at the gaging stations and the cross correlation of concurrent streamflows among gaging stations. Thirty-one stations were used for the final regression equations. \r\n\r\nTwo basin characteristics?drainage area and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer?are used in the calculated regression equation to estimate August median streamflow for ungaged streams. The equation has an average standard error of prediction from -27 to 38 percent. A one-variable equation uses only drainage area to estimate August median streamflow when less accuracy is acceptable. This equation has an average standard error of prediction from -30 to 43 percent. Model error is larger than sampling error for both equations, indicating that additional or improved estimates of basin characteristics could be important to improved estimates of low-flow statistics.\r\n\r\nWeighted estimates of August median streamflow at partial- record or continuous-record gaging stations range from 0.003 to 31.0 cubic feet per second or from 0.1 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. Estimates of August median streamflow on ungaged streams in eastern coastal Maine, within the range of acceptable explanatory variables, range from 0.003 to 45 cubic feet per second or 0.1 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. Estimates of August median streamflow per square mile of drainage area generally increase as drainage area and fraction of basin underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer increase.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045157","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2004, August median streamflow on ungaged streams in Eastern Coastal Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5157, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045157.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5975,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4809e4b07f02db4d27a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58080,"text":"sir20045072 - 2004 - Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:26:40.257821","indexId":"sir20045072","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5072","title":"Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Source areas to public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway were identified by use of hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking analyses to help protect public supplies from contaminant spills and discharges. This report describes techniques used to identify these areas and illustrates typical results using selected points on St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair. Parameterization of an existing two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2) of the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway was enhanced to improve estimation of local flow velocities. Improvements in simulation accuracy were achieved by computing channel roughness coefficients as a function of flow depth, and determining eddy viscosity coefficients on the basis of velocity data. The enhanced parameterization was combined with refinements in the model mesh near 13 public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway to improve the resolution of flow velocities while maintaining consistency with flow and water-level data. Scenarios representing a range of likely flow and wind conditions were developed for hydrodynamic simulation. Particle-tracking analyses combined advective movements described by hydrodynamic scenarios with random components associated with sub-grid-scale movement and turbulent mixing to identify source areas to public water intakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045072","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., and Koschik, J.A., 2004, Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5072, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045072.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":183349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045072.JPG"},{"id":6005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414056,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70093.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair-Detroit River waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.31181603689524,\n              43.020807585200316\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76859775609499,\n              43.020807585200316\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76859775609499,\n              42.464958086223476\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.31181603689524,\n              42.464958086223476\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.31181603689524,\n              43.020807585200316\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, John A.","contributorId":24020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58166,"text":"sir20045229 - 2004 - Occurrence and distribution of trace elements in snow, streams, and streambed sediments, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045229","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5229","title":"Occurrence and distribution of trace elements in snow, streams, and streambed sediments, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"Cape Krusenstern National Monument is located in Northwest Alaska. In 1985, an exchange of lands and interests in lands between the Northwest Alaska Native Association and the United States resulted in a 100-year transportation system easement for 19,747 acres in the monument. A road was then constructed along the easement from the Red Dog Mine, a large zinc concentrate producer and located northeast of the monument, through the monument to the coast and a port facility. Each year approximately 1.3 million tonnes of zinc and lead concentrate are transported from the Red Dog Mine via this access road. Concern about the possible deposition of cadmium, lead, zinc and other trace elements in the monument was the basis of a cooperative project with the National Park Service.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of dissolved cadmium, dissolved lead, and dissolved zinc from 28 snow samples from a 28 mile by 16 mile grid were below drinking water standards. In the particulate phase, approximately 25 percent of the samples analyzed for these trace elements were higher than the typical range found in Alaska soils. Boxplots of concentrations of these trace elements, both in the dissolved and particulate phase, indicate higher concentrations north of the access road, most likely due to the prevailing southeast wind.\r\n\r\nThe waters of four streams sampled in Cape Krusenstern National Monument are classified as calcium bicarbonate. Trace-element concentrations from these streams were below drinking water standards. Median concentrations of 39 trace elements from streambed sediments collected from 29 sites are similar to the median concentrations of trace elements from the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment database. Statistical differences were noted between trace-element concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc at sites along the access road and sites north and south of the access road; concentrations along the access road being higher than north or south of the road. When normalized to 1 percent organic carbon, the concentrations of these trace elements are not expected to be toxic to aquatic life when compared to criteria established by the Canadian government and other recent research.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045229","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 2004, Occurrence and distribution of trace elements in snow, streams, and streambed sediments, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5229, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045229.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58169,"text":"sir20045246 - 2004 - Evaluation of U.S. Geological Survey Monitoring-well network and potential effects of changes in water use, Newlands Project, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045246","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5246","title":"Evaluation of U.S. Geological Survey Monitoring-well network and potential effects of changes in water use, Newlands Project, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Domestic wells tapping shallow ground water are an important source of potable water for rural residents of Lahontan Valley. For this reason, the public has expressed concern over the acquisition of water rights directed by Public Law 101-618. The acquisition has resulted in removal of land from irrigation, which could cause shallow domestic wells to go dry and adversely affect shallow ground-water quality. \r\n\r\nPeriodic water-level measurements and water-quality sampling at a monitoring-well network developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provided data to evaluate the potential effects of changes in water use. The USGS, in cooperation with Churchill County, analyzed these data and the monitoring-well network to determine if the network provides an adequate means to measure the response of the shallow aquifer to changes in water use, and to determine if measurable changes have taken place. \r\n\r\nTo evaluate the USGS monitoring-well network, wells were characterized by their distance from active canals or ditches, and from currently (2003) or formerly irrigated land. An analysis of historical data showed that about 9,800 acres of land have been removed from irrigation, generally from the late 1990's to 2003. Twenty-five wells in the network are within about 1 mile of fields removed from irrigation. Of the 25 wells, 13 are within 300 feet of canals or ditches where seepage maintains stable water levels. The 13 wells likely are not useful for detecting changes caused by reductions in irrigation. The remaining 12 wells range from about 400 to 3,800 feet from the nearest canal and are useful for detecting continued changes from current reductions in irrigation. The evaluation showed that of the 75 wells in the network, only 8 wells are likely to be useful for detecting the effects of future (after 2003) reductions in irrigation.\r\n\r\nWater levels at most of the monitoring wells near irrigated land have declined from 1998 to 2003 because of drought conditions and below normal releases from Lahontan Reservoir. This period coincides with the period of irrigation reductions, tending to mask declines directly caused by the reductions. It is likely that seepage from the diffuse network of canals and ditches in Lahontan Valley also masks declines caused by reductions in irrigation. In addition, the limited number of monitoring wells near land removed from irrigation, yet more than 300 feet from an active canal, does not allow a valid statistical correlation between reductions in irrigation and water-level declines. \r\n\r\nWater-level declines between the last two periods of below normal releases from Lahontan Reservoir, 1992-95 and 2000-2003, ranged from 0.4 to 4.2 feet at 11 monitoring wells near land removed from irrigation. The maximum observed water declines were about 2 to 4 feet in three wells in the southern part of Lahontan Valley. The three wells are near or surrounded by more than 1,000 acres removed from irrigation, are now more than 3,600 feet from continued irrigation, and are within 300 feet of a canal with greatly decreased use. Water levels generally rose in monitoring wells near Stillwater, Nevada, even though large amounts of nearby land were removed from irrigation. This was likely caused by conditions in 2003 that were not as dry as those in the early 1990's and additional seepage from the increased use and stage of canals for delivery of water to wetland areas.\r\n\r\nFive wells have been sampled since the late 1990's and two wells have been sampled since 2000 to evaluate long-term changes in water quality. Specific conductance of water sampled from these wells was used to evaluate changes in water quality. One well shows a large decline in specific conductance that may be related to changes in water use. In three other wells that showed a decrease in specific conductance it is uncertain if the decrease was related to changes in water use because samples were not collected shortly before and after the time land was removed","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045246","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Seiler, R.L., and Watkins, S.A., 2004, Evaluation of U.S. Geological Survey Monitoring-well network and potential effects of changes in water use, Newlands Project, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5246, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045246.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, Sharon A.","contributorId":93880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58115,"text":"sir20045168 - 2004 - Simulation of runoff and wetland storage in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites within the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:42:35","indexId":"sir20045168","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5168","title":"Simulation of runoff and wetland storage in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites within the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"Re-establishment of wetlands has been promoted by various groups to control future floods in the Red River of the North Basin in North Dakota and Minnesota. Therefore, a study was conducted to simulate runoff and wetland storage in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites in the Red River of the North Basin. Data from geographic information system analyses, collected weather data, additional historic weather data, and geomorphology were used in a wetlands hydrologic model to simulate precipitation accumulation, snowmelt, evapotranspiration, soil infiltration, seepage to ground water, surface runoff, and streamflow. Simulated daily mean water volumes for the soil and wetlands in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites showed that the soils of the two sites stored as much water as the wetlands throughout most of the simulation period. Total simulated runoff for the Hamden watershed site for the period of record was reduced about 38 percent by increasing the Bisson Lake spillage threshold from 0.009 to 0.60. The additional simulated storage at the larger spillage threshold led to reductions in simulated runoff. Simulated daily mean streamflows for the Hamden watershed site at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.60 were less than those simulated for the same day at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.009. However, the peak streamflows simulated for June 2000 and April 2001 at a spillage threshold of 0.60 were about the same as those simulated at a spillage threshold of 0.009. Simulated runoff during flood conditions in April and June 2000 and March and April 2001 was reduced 1 to 6 percent for an increased spillage threshold. Total runoff for the period of record was reduced about 31 percent for the increased spillage threshold. Simulation results indicate total streamflow from a flood event may be reduced by wetland storage, but peak streamflows during a flood event may not be affected substantially.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045168","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2004, Simulation of runoff and wetland storage in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites within the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5168, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045168.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4948e4b07f02db58f18e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58083,"text":"sir20045102 - 2004 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:52:15","indexId":"sir20045102","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5102","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>As a part of the Texas Water Development Board Ground- Water Availability Modeling program, the U.S. Geological Survey developed and tested a numerical finite-difference (MODFLOW) model to simulate ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in Texas from predevelopment (before 1891) through 2000. The model is intended to be a tool that water-resource managers can use to address future ground-water-availability issues.</p><p>From land surface downward, the Chicot aquifer, the Evangeline aquifer, the Burkeville confining unit, the Jasper aquifer, and the Catahoula confining unit are the hydrogeologic units of the Gulf Coast aquifer system. Withdrawals of large quantities of ground water have resulted in potentiometric surface (head) declines in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and land-surface subsidence (primarily in the Houston area) from depressurization and compaction of clay layers interbedded in the aquifer sediments. In a generalized conceptual model of the aquifer system, water enters the ground-waterflow system in topographically high outcrops of the hydrogeologic units in the northwestern part of the approximately 25,000-square-mile model area. Water that does not discharge to streams flows to intermediate and deep zones of the system southeastward of the outcrop areas where it is discharged by wells and by upward leakage in topographically low areas near the coast. The uppermost parts of the aquifer system, which include outcrop areas, are under water-table conditions. As depth increases in the aquifer system and as interbedded sand and clay accumulate, water-table conditions evolve into confined conditions.</p><p>The model comprises four layers, one for each of the hydrogeologic units of the aquifer system except the Catahoula confining unit, the assumed no-flow base of the system. Each layer consists of 137 rows and 245 columns of uniformly spaced grid blocks, each block representing 1 square mile. Lateral no-flow boundaries were located on the basis of outcrop extent (northwestern), major streams (southwestern, northeastern), and downdip limit of freshwater (southeastern). The MODFLOW general-head boundary package was used to simulate recharge and discharge in the outcrops of the hydrogeologic units. Simulation of land-surface subsidence (actually, compaction of clays) and release of water from storage in the clays of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was accomplished using the Interbed-Storage Package designed for use with the MODFLOW model. The model was calibrated by trial-anderror adjustment of selected model input data in a series of transient simulations until the model output (potentiometric surfaces, land-surface subsidence, and selected water-budget components) reasonably reproduced field measured (or estimated) aquifer responses.</p><p>Model calibration comprised four elements: The first was qualitative comparison of simulated and measured heads in the aquifers for 1977 and 2000; and quantitative comparison by computation and areal distribution of the root-mean-square error between simulated and measured heads. The second calibration element was comparison of simulated and measured hydrographs from wells in the aquifers in a number of counties throughout the modeled area. The third calibration element was comparison of simulated water-budget components\u0014primarily recharge and discharge\u0014to estimates of physically reasonable ranges of actual water-budget components. The fourth calibration element was comparison of simulated land-surface subsidence from predevelopment to 2000 to measured land surface subsidence from 1906 through 1995.</p><p><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045102","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Robinson, J.L., 2004, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5102, vii, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045102.","productDescription":"vii, 103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5102/pdf/sir2004-5102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":6008,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.02099609374999,\n              31.998759371947294\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.23522949218749,\n              31.910204597744382\n            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L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58088,"text":"sir20045055 - 2004 - Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:32","indexId":"sir20045055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5055","title":"Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2001, water levels were measured in 427 wells in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana. Water-quality samples were collected for temperature and specific-conductance measurements during the spring and summer of 2001 from 150 wells in Arkansas in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer. Dissolved chloride samples were collected and analyzed for 87 of the 150 wells. Water-quality samples were not collected in Louisiana. Maps of areal distribution of potentiometric surface, difference in water-level measurements from 1997 to 2001, and specific conductance generated from these data reveal spatial trends across the study area. The highest water-level altitude measured in Arkansas was 328 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) in Grant County; the lowest water-level altitude was 197 feet below NGVD of 1929 in Union County. The highest water-level altitude measured in Louisiana was 235 feet above NGVD of 1929 in Bienville Parish; the lowest water-level altitude was 218 feet below NGVD of 1929 in Ouachita Parish. \r\n\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas generally is to the south-southwest in the northern half of Arkansas and to the east and south in the southern half of Arkansas; the ground-water flow in the Sparta aquifer in northern Louisiana generally is in an easterly direction toward the Mississippi River. Four cones of depression are shown in the 2001 potentiometric-surface map, centered in Columbia, Jefferson, and Union Counties in Arkansas and Ouachita Parish in Louisiana as a result of large withdrawals for industrial and public supplies. A broad depression exists in western Poinsett, Cross, and St. Francis Counties in Arkansas. \r\n\r\nA map for water-level changes from 1997 to 2001 was constructed using water-level measurements from 278 wells. The largest rise in water level measured in Arkansas was about 35 feet in Prairie County. The largest decline in water level measured in Arkansas was about 93 feet in Columbia County. The largest rise in water level measured in Louisiana was about 23 feet in Jackson Parish. The largest decline in water level measured in Louisiana was about 33 feet in Claiborne Parish. \r\n\r\nHydrographs were constructed for wells with a minimum of 25 years of water-level measurements. A trend line using a linear regression was calculated for the period of record from spring of 1976 to spring of 2001 to determine the annual decline or rise in feet per year for water levels in each well. The hydrographs were grouped by county or parish. The median values for county and parish annual water-level decline or rise ranged from -1.57 to 0.29 foot per year. \r\n\r\nSpecific conductance ranged from 16.8 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Ouachita County to about 1,470 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Lee County. The median specific conductance was 340 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Dissolved chloride concentrations ranged from 1.4 milligrams per liter at a well in Lincoln County to 250 milligrams per liter at a well in Lee County. The median dissolved chloride concentration was 7.7 milligrams per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045055","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., 2004, Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas and the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana, spring-summer 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5055, 57 p. and 3 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045055.","productDescription":"57 p. and 3 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6013,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58258,"text":"ofr20041355 - 2004 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T20:55:56.206197","indexId":"ofr20041355","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1355","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana","docAbstract":"<p class=\"style1\">The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and lithology information. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes including mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This Open-File Report is a preliminary version of part of a series of integrated state geologic map databases that cover the entire United States.</p><p class=\"style1\">The only national-scale digital geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States for the conterminous U.S. are the digital version of the King and Beikman (1974a, b) map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, as digitized by Schruben and others (1994) and the generalized digital version (Reed and Bush, 2004) of the Geologic Map of North America (Reed and others, 2005a, b) compiled at a scale of 1:5,000,000. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis for this product. In a few cases, new digital compilations were prepared (e.g. Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota) or existing paper maps were digitized (e.g. Kentucky, Texas). Also as part of this series, new regional maps for Alaska and Hawaii are being compiled and ultimately new state maps will be produced.</p><p class=\"style1\">The digital geologic maps are presented in standardized formats as ARC/INFO export (.e00) files and as ArcView shape (.shp) files. Accompanying these spatial databases are a set of five supplemental attribute tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information. The maps for the CONUS have been fitted to a common set of state boundaries based on the 1:100,000 topographic map series of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). When the individual state maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps. No attempt has been made to reconcile differences in mapped geology across state lines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041355","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Dicken, C.L., Foose, M.P., and Mueller, J., 2004, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana (Updated December 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1355, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041355.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1355/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":400736,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70035.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, 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mfoose@usgs.gov","contributorId":4756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foose","given":"Michael","email":"mfoose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Julie","contributorId":32403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":58171,"text":"sir20045234 - 2004 - Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"sir20045234","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5234","title":"Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska","docAbstract":"In June 2002, Hubbard Glacier advanced across the entrance to 35-mile-long Russell Fiord creating a glacier-dammed lake. After closure of the ice and moraine dam, runoff from mountain streams and glacial melt caused the level in ?Russell Lake? to rise until it eventually breached the dam on August 14, 2002. Daily mean inflows to the lake during the period of closure were estimated on the basis of lake stage data and the hypsometry of Russell Lake. Inflows were regressed against the daily mean streamflows of nearby Ophir Creek and Situk River to generate an equation for simulating Russell Lake inflow. The regression equation was used to produce 11 years of synthetic daily inflows to Russell Lake for the 1992-2002 water years. A flood-frequency analysis was applied to the peak daily mean inflows for these 11 years of record to generate a 100-year peak daily mean inflow of 235,000 cubic feet per second. Regional-regression equations also were applied to the Russell Lake basin, yielding a 100-year inflow of 157,000 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045234","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., 2004, Simulated peak inflows for glacier dammed Russell Fiord, near Yakutat, Alaska (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5234, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045234.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58172,"text":"sir20045232 - 2004 - Hydrogeologic characterization of the Modesto Area, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T19:43:15.965574","indexId":"sir20045232","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5232","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization of the Modesto Area, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrogeologic characterization was done to develop an understanding of the hydrogeologic setting near Modesto by maximizing the use of existing data and building on previous work in the region. A substantial amount of new lithologic and hydrologic data are available that allow a more complete and updated characterization of the aquifer system. In this report, geologic units are described, a database of well characteristics and lithology is developed and used to update the regional stratigraphy, a water budget is estimated for water year 2000, a three-dimensional spatial correlation map of aquifer texture is created, and recommendations for future data collection are summarized.</p><p><br></p><p>The general physiography of the study area is reflected in the soils. The oldest soils, which have low permeability, exist in terrace deposits, in the interfan areas between the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced Rivers, at the distal end of the fans, and along the San Joaquin River floodplain. The youngest soils have high permeability and generally have been forming on the recently deposited alluvium along the major stream channels. Geologic materials exposed or penetrated by wells in the Modesto area range from pre-Cretaceous rocks to recent alluvium; however, water-bearing materials are mostly Late Tertiary and Quaternary in age.</p><p><br></p><p>A database containing information from more than 3,500 drillers'logs was constructed to organize information on well characteristics and subsurface lithology in the study area. The database was used in conjunction with a limited number of geophysical logs and county soil maps to define the stratigraphic framework of the study area. Sequences of red paleosols were identified in the database and used as stratigraphic boundaries. Associated with these paleosols are very coarse grained incised valley-fill deposits. Some geophysical well logs and other sparse well information suggest the presence of one of these incised valley-fill deposits along and adjacent to the Tuolumne River east of Modesto, a feature that may have important implications for ground-water flow and transport in the region.</p><p><br></p><p>Although extensive work has been done by earlier investigators to define the structure of the Modesto area aquifer system, this report has resulted in some modification to the lateral extent of the Corcoran Clay and the regional dip of the Mehrten Formation. Well logs in the database indicating the presence of the Corcoran Clay were used to revise the eastern extent of the Corcoran Clay, which lies approximately parallel to the axis of valley. The Mehrten Formation is distinguished in the well-log database by its characteristic black sands consisting of predominantly andesitic fragments. Black sands in wells listed in the database indicate that the formation may lie as shallow as 120 meters (400 feet) below land surface under Modesto, approximately 90 meters (300 feet) shallower than previously thought.</p><p><br></p><p>The alluvial aquifer system in the Modesto area comprises an unconfined to semiconfined aquifer above and east of the Corcoran Clay confining unit and a confined aquifer beneath the Corcoran Clay. The unconfined aquifer is composed of alluvial sediments of the Modesto, Riverbank, and upper Turlock Lake formations. The unconfined aquifer east of the Corcoran Clay becomes semiconfined with depth due to the numerous discontinuous clay lenses and extensive paleosols throughout the aquifer thickness. The confined aquifer is composed primarily of alluvial sediments of the Turlock Lake and upper Mehrten Formations, extending from beneath the Corcoran Clay to the base of fresh water.</p><p><br></p><p>Ground water in the unconfined to semiconfined aquifer flows to the west and southwest. The primary source of present-day recharge is percolating excess irrigation water. The primary ground-water discharge is extensive ground-water pumping in the unconfined to semiconfined aquifer, imposing a significant component of vertical flow in the system.</p><p><br></p><p>A water budget was calculated for water year 2000 using a land-use approach. During water year 2000, the total water supply in the Modesto area was more than 2.5 billion m3 (cubic meter) (2 million acre-ft [acre-foot]). Surface-water deliveries accounted for 60 percent of the total water supply, whereas ground-water pumpage accounted for 40 percent. Ninety-four percent of the water supply was used to meet irrigation demand and approximately 6 percent was used to meet urban demand. The total recharge in the model area was estimated at 1.4 billion m3 (1,100,000 acre-ft). The largest component of recharge is from excess irrigation water (58 percent); precipitation in excess of crop requirements accounted for 41 percent of the recharge.</p><p><br></p><p>Geostatistical methods were used to develop a spatial correlation model of the percentage of coarse-grained texture in the Modesto area. The mean percentage coarse-grained texture calculated for each depth increment indicates a regional trend of decreasing coarse-grained texture with increasing depth, which is consistent with increasingly consolidated sediments with depth in the study area. The three-dimensional kriged estimates of percentage coarse-grained texture show significant heterogeneity in the texture of the sedimentary deposits. Assuming the hydraulic conductivity is correlated to the texture, the kriged result implies significant heterogeneity in the hydrogeologic framework.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045232","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Shelton, J.L., Hevesi, J.A., and Weissmann, G.S., 2004, Hydrogeologic characterization of the Modesto Area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5232, vii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045232.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411366,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Modesto","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.18044536257298,\n              37.756784027450905\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.18044536257298,\n              37.31051852282282\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.49404604217641,\n              37.31051852282282\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.49404604217641,\n              37.756784027450905\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.18044536257298,\n              37.756784027450905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weissmann, Gary S.","contributorId":78603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissmann","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206022,"text":"70206022 - 2004 -  Interpretation of the Miyakejima 2000 eruption and dike emplacement using time animations of earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T13:47:27","indexId":"70206022","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-17T10:34:57","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5873,"text":"Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Interpretation of the Miyakejima 2000 eruption and dike emplacement using time animations of earthquakes","docAbstract":"<table class=\"tb01 full mce-item-table\" border=\"0\"><tbody><tr class=\"tr_detail_line_repos\"><td class=\"td_detail_line_repos w80\">The seismic sequence of over 12,000 earthquakes accompanying the 2000 eruption of Miyakejima volcano has been studied by viewing time animations of the earthquakes beneath transparent topography. Seismic activity began on the evening of June 26 extending southwest from Miyakejima’s summit. A few hours later the seismicity abruptly shifted to the WNW and a submarine eruption occurred off the West Coast of Miyakejima on the morning of June 27. Phreatic eruptions at Miyakejima’s summit in July were accompanied by the formation of a new caldera. Following caldera formation explosive eruptions occurred in August. The eruption ended with minor explosions in September. The seismic activity that began with a low-magnitude swarm beneath Miyakejima grew to a major swarm with hundreds of events of M＞4 extending more than 40km WNW from Miyakejima. Lesser numbers of earthquakes occurred on two N-S trending lines extending south and north of the main seismic trend. The seismicity has been interpreted as evidence for emplacement of a massive dike on the main trend that triggered additional earthquakes on the two cross trends. Our interpretation involves more restricted dike emplacement west of Miyakejima, including the possibility of additional submarine eruption, following cracking of the Philippine Sea plate. The seismic activity associated with explosive eruptions in August helps to define Miyakejima’s magma plumbing. A shallow reservoir beneath the southwest slope is defined by concentrations of earthquakes at 4-6km depth, and a deeper source is suggested by a smaller number of earthquakes extending to 10km vertically beneath the shallow source. Seismic activity preceding and accompanying eruptions at Miyakejima’s summit are defined by seismic swarms extending from 4km depth to the surface along a path connecting the summit with the shallow reservoir. Away from Miyakejima shallow (＜1 km) earthquake swarms at minimum rates of 1 event per hour extending over several hours occur within restricted areas of diameter less than 3km and define possible additional sites of undersea eruption or intrusion. Beneath sites west of Miyakejima the seismicity at depths of less than 4km occurs earlier and toward Miyakejima, consistent with magma transport from Miyakejima’s shallow reservoir. Shallow swarms extending 15km to the WNW strongly suggest that additional intrusion and possibly eruption may have occurred on June 27-28. Between June 27 and July 12 along the main seismic trend, and beneath the shallow sites, progressively deeper earthquake swarms occur at progressively later times, a pattern inconsistent with magma transport and interpreted here as the Philippine Sea plate cracking downward. The initial shallow cracking guided magma to the June 27 undersea eruption site. Subsequent cracking to the west allowed very rapid lateral withdrawal of magma from the Miyakejima reservoir allowing a new caldera to form. The deep cracking of the plate may have triggered additional magma sources, including a deep source suggested by the modeling of regional ground deformation data.</td></tr></tbody></table>","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Sakai, S., 2004,  Interpretation of the Miyakejima 2000 eruption and dike emplacement using time animations of earthquakes: Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, v. 79, p. 1-16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/15887967.pdf"},{"id":368375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":" Miyakejima","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              139.306640625,\n              33.75631505992707\n            ],\n            [\n              139.76806640625,\n              33.75631505992707\n            ],\n            [\n              139.76806640625,\n              34.20725938207231\n            ],\n            [\n              139.306640625,\n              34.20725938207231\n            ],\n            [\n              139.306640625,\n              33.75631505992707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sakai, Shin’ichi","contributorId":219839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sakai","given":"Shin’ichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33970,"text":"Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206008,"text":"70206008 - 2004 - Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T14:22:46","indexId":"70206008","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-16T14:11:23","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"4","title":"Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil","docAbstract":"<p>Crude oil is found in sedimentary rocks throughout the world, except, thus far, in Antarctica. In many places the oil has been degraded, so that it is represented by viscous black oil that is difficult to recover, transport, and refine. Depending upon the degree of degradation the result is extra-heavy oil or, in the extreme case, natural bitumen. Except in Canada, precise quantitative reserves and oilin-place data on a reservoir basis are seldom available because most countries and companies consider such information to be proprietary. Natural bitumen is the oil contained in clastic and carbonate reservoir rocks, most frequently in small deposits at, or near, the earth’s surface. These rocks are commonly referred to as tar sands or oil sands and have been mined since antiquity for use as paving. Occasionally such deposits are extremely large in areal extent and in contained resources, most notably those in northern Alberta, Canada. In 2003 only the Alberta bitumen deposits were being exploited as a source of crude oil. Similarly, reservoirs containing extra-heavy oil are geographically widespread but only one such deposit is sufficiently large to have a major supply and economic impact. That deposit is the Orinoco Oil Belt in Eastern Venezuela. Nowhere else in the world is such a concentration of extra heavy oil known or likely to exist. Definitions of terms used in this commentary may be found immediately prior to Table 4.1. The resource definitions are those of the World Petroleum Congress-Society of Petroleum Engineers-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, with minor additions. One such addition, e.g. is the term Original Reserves, comprised of Proved Reserves plus Cumulative Production, which tends to place new and mature reservoirs on a more nearly comparable basis than either term alone</p>","conferenceTitle":"2004 Survey of Energy Resources ","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Attanasi, E., 2004, Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil, 2004 Survey of Energy Resources , Sydney, Australia, p. 93-117.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, R. F.","contributorId":52167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":55234,"text":"ofr20041069 - 2004 - A 30-year record of surface mass balance (1966-95) and motion and surface altitude (1975-95) at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T14:19:42.180694","indexId":"ofr20041069","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1069","title":"A 30-year record of surface mass balance (1966-95) and motion and surface altitude (1975-95) at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Scientific measurements at Wolverine Glacier, on the Kenai Peninsula in south-central Alaska, began in April 1966. At three long-term sites in the research basin, the measurements included snow depth, snow density, heights of the glacier surface and stratigraphic summer surfaces on stakes, and identification of the surface materials. Calculations of the mass balance of the surface strata-snow, new firn, superimposed ice, and old firn and ice mass at each site were based on these measurements. Calculations of fixed-date annual mass balances for each hydrologic year (October 1 to September 30), as well as net balances and the dates of minimum net balance measured between time-transgressive summer surfaces on the glacier, were made on the basis of the strata balances augmented by air temperature and precipitation recorded in the basin. From 1966 through 1995, the average annual balance at site A (590 meters altitude) was -4.06 meters water equivalent; at site B (1,070 meters altitude), was -0.90 meters water equivalent; and at site C (1,290 meters altitude), was +1.45 meters water equivalent. \r\n\r\nGeodetic determination of displacements of the mass balance stake, and glacier surface altitudes was added to the data set in 1975 to detect the glacier motion responses to variable climate and mass balance conditions. The average surface speed from 1975 to 1996 was 50.0 meters per year at site A, 83.7 meters per year at site B, and 37.2 meters per year at site C. The average surface altitudes were 594 meters at site A, 1,069 meters at site B, and 1,293 meters at site C; the glacier surface altitudes rose and fell over a range of 19.4 meters at site A, 14.1 meters at site B, and 13.2 meters at site C.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041069","usgsCitation":"Mayo, L.R., Trabant, D.C., and March, R.S., 2004, A 30-year record of surface mass balance (1966-95) and motion and surface altitude (1975-95) at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1069, Report: 114 p.; 8 Figures; 14 Tables; 6 Graphs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041069.","productDescription":"Report: 114 p.; 8 Figures; 14 Tables; 6 Graphs","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1069/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wolverine Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.9552286965866,\n              60.47322485081483\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9552286965866,\n              60.378911924259455\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.77897459647195,\n              60.378911924259455\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.77897459647195,\n              60.47322485081483\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9552286965866,\n              60.47322485081483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ee4b0b290850ef054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, Lawrence R.","contributorId":98344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis C.","contributorId":13965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":252979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":56830,"text":"ofr03157 - 2004 - Principal facts for gravity data collected in Wisconsin: A web site and CD-ROM for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T20:06:07.158143","indexId":"ofr03157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-157","title":"Principal facts for gravity data collected in Wisconsin: A web site and CD-ROM for distribution of data","docAbstract":"Principal facts for 40,488 gravity stations covering the entire state of Wisconsin are presented here in digital form. This is a compilation of previously published data collected between 1948 and 1992 from numerous sources, along with over 10,000 new gravity stations collected by the USGS since 1999. Also included are 550 gravity stations from previously unpublished sources.  Observed gravity and complete-Bouguer gravity anomaly data for this statewide compilation are included here.  Altogether, 14 individual surveys are presented here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03157","usgsCitation":"Snyder, S.L., Geister, D.W., Daniels, D.L., and Ervin, C.P., 2004, Principal facts for gravity data collected in Wisconsin: A web site and CD-ROM for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-157, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03157.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Patrick","contributorId":8552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ervin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":13666,"text":"Northern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":255819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":56946,"text":"wri034218 - 2004 - Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:35:54","indexId":"wri034218","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4218","title":"Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02","docAbstract":"<p>The removal of the Otsego City Dam on the Kalamazoo River at Otsego, Mich., is under consideration by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the city of Otsego. The historical discharge of papermill waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls from sources upstream from the dam has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to designate the Kalamazoo River from Morrow Dam near Comstock to its mouth near Saugatuck as a Federal Superfund site. The papermill waste is concentrated in organic sediment and kaolinite clay, with the sediment containing as much as 94 milligrams per kilogram polychlorinated biphenyls. This contaminated sediment could move if the dam is removed; therefore, it is necessary to estimate the characteristics and configuration of the sediment before removal plans begin. </p><p>Data from augered sections and sediment cores show that the current Otsego City impoundment sediments were deposited in two distinctly different sedimentary environments: (1) lacustrine sediments consisting of organic-rich silt and clay, fine to medium sand, and some gravel deposited in a repetitive, cyclic fashion related to former stream velocities when the Otsego City impoundment water levels were 2-4 feet higher (1880s-1960s), and from downstream movement of lacustrine sediments during the removal of the upstream Plainwell Dam superstructure in the 1980s; and (2) more recent (1980s-2002) coarse-grained alluvium deposited on top of the lacustrine sediments. The volume of instream sediment contained within the Otsego City impoundment is estimated to be about 457,270 cubic yards. This estimate is based on the composite thicknesses of the lacustrine deposits and overlying alluvium, which were determined to contain PCBs, and does not include bank or flood-plain deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri034218","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Rheaume, S.J., Hubbell, D., Rachol, C., Simard, A., and Fuller, L.M., 2004, Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4218, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034218.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5706,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Otsego City Dam impoundment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.694444,\n              42.465278\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.694444,\n              42.454167\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.663889,\n              42.454167\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.663889,\n              42.465278\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.694444,\n              42.465278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbell, D. L.","contributorId":85636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rachol, C. M. 0000-0001-9984-3435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":59085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simard, A.","contributorId":89222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157572,"text":"70157572 - 2004 - Filling Landsat ETM+ SLC-off gaps using a segmentation model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T09:04:34","indexId":"70157572","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Filling Landsat ETM+ SLC-off gaps using a segmentation model approach","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for filling Landsat Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off gaps with same-scene spectral data guided by a segmentation model. Failure of the SLC on the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument resulted in a loss of approximately 25 percent of the spectral data. The missing data span across most of the image with scan gaps varying in size from two pixels near the center of the image to 14 pixels along the east and west edges. Even with the scan gaps, the radiometric and geometric qualities of the remaining portions of the image still meet design specifications and therefore contain useful information (see http:// landsat7.usgs.gov for additional information). The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center (EDC) is evaluating several techniques to fill the gaps in SLC-off data to enhance the usability of the imagery (Howard and Lacasse 2004) (PE&amp;RS, August 2004). The method presented here uses a segmentation model approach that allows for same-scene spectral data to be used to fill the gaps. The segment model is generated from a complete satellite image with no missing spectral data (e.g., Landsat 5, Landsat 7 SLCon, SPOT). The model is overlaid on the Landsat SLC-off image, and the missing data within the gaps are then estimated using SLC-off spectral data that intersect the segment boundary. A major advantage of this approach is that the gaps are filled using spectral data derived from the same SLC-off satellite image.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., 2004, Filling Landsat ETM+ SLC-off gaps using a segmentation model approach: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 70, no. 10, p. 1109-1111.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64c2e4b058f706e536c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159627,"text":"70159627 - 2004 - A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T11:36:13","indexId":"70159627","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions","docAbstract":"<p><span>An extension of Sinclair's diagnostic model of orographic precipitation (&ldquo;VDEL&rdquo;) is developed for use in data-poor regions to enhance rainfall estimates. This extension (VDELB) combines a 2D linearized internal gravity wave calculation with the dot product of the terrain gradient and surface wind to approximate terrain-induced vertical velocity profiles. Slope, wind speed, and stability determine the velocity profile, with either sinusoidal or vertically decaying (evanescent) solutions possible. These velocity profiles replace the parameterized functions in the original VDEL, creating VDELB, a diagnostic accounting for buoyancy effects. A further extension (VDELB*) uses an on/off constraint derived from reanalysis precipitation fields. A validation study over 365 days in the Pacific Northwest suggests that VDELB* can best capture seasonal and geographic variations. A new statistical data-fusion technique is presented and is used to combine VDELB*, reanalysis, and satellite rainfall estimates in southern Africa. The technique, matched filter regression (MFR), sets the variance of the predictors equal to their squared correlation with observed gauge data and predicts rainfall based on the first principal component of the combined data. In the test presented here, mean absolute errors from the MFR technique were 35% lower than the satellite estimates alone. VDELB assumes a linear solution to the wave equations and a Boussinesq atmosphere, and it may give unrealistic responses under extreme conditions. Nonetheless, the results presented here suggest that diagnostic models, driven by reanalysis data, can be used to improve satellite rainfall estimates in data-sparse regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JAM2138.1","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., and Michaelsen, J.C., 2004, A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1366-1378, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2138.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jam2138.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717bce4b0e2669b3130fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57992,"text":"sir20045061 - 2004 - Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:20:40","indexId":"sir20045061","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5061","title":"Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002","docAbstract":"Organochlorine pesticides were detected in unfiltered samples from Johnson Creek that were collected during a storm in March, 2002. Total DDT (the sum of DDT and its metabolites), as well as dieldrin, potentially exceeded Oregon chronic, freshwater criteria at all four Johnson Creek stream-sampling sites. The total DDT criterion was also potentially exceeded at a storm drain at SE 45th Avenue and Umatilla Street. \r\n\r\nThe concentration of total DDT in water samples has decreased by an order of magnitude since previous sampling was done on Johnson Creek in 1989?1990. This decrease was probably due to the movement of these compounds out of the basin and to degradation processes. Concentrations and loads of the organochlorine pesticides were largest at the most upstream sampling site, Johnson Creek at Palmblad Road, which has historically been primarily affected by agricultural land cover. Concentrations and loads were smaller at downstream locations, and there were only a few detections from storm drains. \r\n\r\nFor the purposes of assessing trends in total DDT concentration in Johnson Creek, data for total suspended solids (TSS) were examined, because TSS is often correlated with DDT concentrations, and TSS data are collected routinely by regulatory agencies. As an intermediate step, linear regression was used to relate TSS (measured in the recent study) and turbidity (measured both in the earlier and in the recent studies). For 77 samples, TSS (in mg/L [milligrams per liter]) = 0.88 x Turbidity (in nephleometric turbidity units). The r2 value was 0.82. \r\n\r\nThe TSS concentration (measured, or estimated by the regression) was compared to the concentration of total DDT using linear regression. The TSS concentration associated with meeting the Oregon water-quality criterion for total DDT was 15 to 18 mg/L in the lower and middle part of the basin and 8 mg/L in the upper reaches of the basin. This TSS/DDT relationship is based on only one storm and may not be valid for other conditions of streamflow and runoff. Dieldrin concentration was not well correlated with TSS. \r\n\r\nOrganochlorine compounds also were detected in significant concentrations in Kelley Creek, an important tributary to Johnson Creek, but quality-control considerations made it difficult to interpret some of the data. It does appear, however, that some of the metabolites of DDT were positively associated with TSS. The high concentrations of the DDT metabolites and dieldrin were correlated with agricultural areas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045061","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., and Lee, K.K., 2004, Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5061, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045061.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57801,"text":"ofr20041255 - 2004 - VPV--The velocity profile viewer user manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"ofr20041255","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1255","title":"VPV--The velocity profile viewer user manual","docAbstract":"The Velocity Profile Viewer (VPV) is a tool for visualizing time series of velocity profiles developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS uses VPV to preview and present measured velocity data from acoustic Doppler current profilers and simulated velocity data from three-dimensional estuarine, river, and lake hydrodynamic models. The data can be viewed as an animated three-dimensional profile or as a stack of time-series graphs that each represents a location in the water column.\r\n\r\n    The graphically displayed data are shown at each time step like frames of animation. The animation can play at several different speeds or can be suspended on one frame. The viewing angle and time can be manipulated using mouse interaction. A number of options control the appearance of the profile and the graphs. VPV cannot edit or save data, but it can create a Post-Script file showing the velocity profile in three dimensions. This user manual describes how to use each of these features. VPV is available and can be downloaded for free from the World Wide Web at http://ca.water.usgs.gov/program/sfbay/vpv.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041255","usgsCitation":"Donovan, J.M., 2004, VPV--The velocity profile viewer user manual (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1255, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041255.","productDescription":"63 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, John M. 0000-0002-7957-5397 jmd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-5397","contributorId":1255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"John","email":"jmd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57762,"text":"ofr20041233 - 2004 - Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: June 2002–July 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T21:04:51.387932","indexId":"ofr20041233","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1233","title":"Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: June 2002–July 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The data described in this report were collected in the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Priority Ecosystems Science project investigating \"Forcing Effects on Flow Structure in Vegetated Wetlands of the Everglades.\" Data collected at five locations in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, during the 2002-2003 wet season are documented in the report. Methods used to process the data are described. Daily mean flow velocities, water temperatures, and specific conductance values are presented in the appendices. The quality-checked and edited data have been compiled and stored on the USGS South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) website http://sofia.usgs.gov.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041233","usgsCitation":"Riscassi, A.L., and Schaffranek, R.W., 2004, Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: June 2002–July 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1233, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041233.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69889.htm"},{"id":6003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr20041233/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park, Shark River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.8961,\n              25.4967\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6147,\n              25.4967\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6147,\n              25.7617\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8961,\n              25.7617\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8961,\n              25.4967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riscassi, Ami L.","contributorId":24399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riscassi","given":"Ami","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57791,"text":"twri08A3 - 2004 - Use of submersible pressure transducers in water-resources investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T14:37:00.606965","indexId":"twri08A3","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"08-A3","title":"Use of submersible pressure transducers in water-resources investigations","docAbstract":"Submersible pressure transducers, developed in the early 1960s, have made the collection of water-level and pressure data much more convenient than former methods. Submersible pressure transducers, when combined with electronic data recorders have made it possible to collect continuous or nearly continuous water-level or pressure data from wells, piezometers, soil-moisture tensiometers, and surface water gages. These more frequent measurements have led to an improved understanding of the hydraulic processes in streams, soils, and aquifers. \r\n\r\nThis manual describes the operational theory behind submersible pressure transducers and provides information about their use in hydrologic investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/twri08A3","usgsCitation":"Freeman, L.A., Carpenter, M.C., Rosenberry, D.O., Rousseau, J.P., Unger, R., and McLean, J.S., 2004, Use of submersible pressure transducers in water-resources investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 08-A3, xi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri08A3.","productDescription":"xi, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri8a3/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6042ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Lawrence A. lfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Lawrence","email":"lfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Michael C. mcarpent@usgs.gov","contributorId":3977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Michael","email":"mcarpent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Unger, Randy","contributorId":29511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLean, John S.","contributorId":102897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":58029,"text":"sir20045138 - 2004 - Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T15:31:01","indexId":"sir20045138","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5138","title":"Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02","docAbstract":"<p>Selected organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) such as household, industrial, and agricultural-use compounds, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and sterols and hormones were measured at 65 sites in Minnesota as part of a cooperative study among the Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Samples were collected in Minnesota during October 2000 through November 2002 and analyzed for the presence and distribution of 91 OWCs at sites including wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent; landfill and feedlot lagoon leachate; surface water; ground water (underlying sewered and unsewered mixed urban land use, a waste dump, and feedlots); and the intake and finished drinking water from drinking water facilities.</p>\n<p>There were 74 OWCs detected that represent a wide variety of use. Samples generally comprised a mixture of compounds (average of 6 OWCs) and 90 percent of the samples had at least one OWC detected. Concentrations for detected OWCs generally were less than 3 micrograms per liter. The ten most frequently detected OWCs were metolachlor (agricultural-use herbicide); cholesterol (sterol primarily associated with animal waste); caffeine (stimulant), N,N-diethyl-<i>meta</i>-toluamide (DEET) (topical insect repellant); bromoform (disinfection by product); tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (flame-retardant and plastic component); <i>beta</i>-sitosterol (plant sterol that is a known endocrine disruptor); acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydro- naphthalene (AHTN) (synthetic musk widely used in personal care products, and a known endocrine disruptor); bisphenol-A (plastic component and a known endocrine disruptor); and cotinine (metabolite of nicotine).</p>\n<p>Wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, landfill leachate, and ground water underlying a waste dump had the greatest number of OWCs detected. OWC detections in ground-water were low except underlying the one waste dump studied and feedlots. There generally were more OWCs detected in surface water than ground water, and there were twice as many OWCs detected in the surface water sites downstream from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP effluent than at sites not directly downstream from effluent. Comparisons among site classifications apply only to sites sampled during the study.</p>\n<p>Results of this study indicate ubiquitous distribution of measured OWCs in the environment that originate from numerous sources and pathways. During this reconnaissance of OWCs in Minnesota it was not possible to determine the specific sources of OWCs to surface, ground, or drinking waters. The data indicate WWTP effluent is a major pathway of OWCs to surface waters and that landfill leachate at selected facilities is a potential source of OWCs to WWTPs. Aquatic organism or human exposure to some OWCs is likely based on OWC distribution. Few aquatic or human health standards or criteria exist for the OWCs analyzed, and the risks to humans or aquatic wildlife are not known. Some OWCs detected in this study are endocrine disrupters and have been found to disrupt or influence endocrine function in fish. Thirteen endocrine disrupters, 3-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-hydoxyanisole (BHA), 4- cumylphenol, 4-<i>normal</i>-octylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol, acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydro-naphthalene (AHTN), benzo[&alpha;]pyrene, beta-sitosterol, bisphenol-A, diazinon, nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), octyphenol diethoxylate (OP2EO), octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO), and total <i>para</i>-nonylphenol (NP) were detected. Results of reconnaissance studies may help regulators who set water-quality standards begin to prioritize which OWCs to focus upon for given categories of water use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Barber, L.B., Furlong, E.T., Cahill, J.D., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., and Zaugg, S.D., 2004, Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5138, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045138.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water 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 \"}}]}","tableOfContents":"<p>Abstract<br />Introduction<br />Study design and methods<br />Quality assurance<br />Data evaluation<br />Hydrologic setting and basic water-quality parameters<br />Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds among all sites<br />Presence and distribution of organice wastewater compounds for specific site classifications<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Wastewater<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Wastewater treatment plants<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Landfill leachate<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Feedlot lagoons<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Surface water<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Ground water<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Drinking water<br />Comparison among site classifications<br />Implications for water-quality and human and aquatic health<br />Summary and conclusions<br />References<br />Appendix 1. Potential uses of organic wastewater compounds analyzed in water samples, Minnesota 2000-02</p>\n<p>Appendix 2. Quality-control data summary for laboratory reagent spike and blank samples for all analytes, Minnesota 2000-02</p>\n<p>Appendix 3. Quality assurance summary for laboratory surrogate compounds in samples analyzed with field samples, Minnesota, 2000-02</p>\n<p>Appendix 4. Quality assurance summary of field replicates and blanks, Minnesota, 2000-02</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66912b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, Jeffery D.","contributorId":71630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":53707,"text":"fs20043013 - 2004 - Science data in support of environmental health studies in the U.S.-Mexico border region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:52:39","indexId":"fs20043013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3013","title":"Science data in support of environmental health studies in the U.S.-Mexico border region","docAbstract":"<p> The border region of the United States and Mexico encompasses a vast and diverse array of physical settings and habitats that include wetlands, deserts, rangeland, mountains, and forests, which are unique in terms of the diversity of their water, mineral, and biological resources. The region is interconnected economically, politically, and socially owing to its binational heritage. In 1995, nearly 11 million people lived immediately adjacent to the border. By one account, that population could more than double by 2020. </p><p>This rapid population growth and consequent economic development and land-use changes are pushing the limits of environmental sustainability and quality. Infrastructure development has lagged behind the rapid growth of the region, resulting in a shortage of water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial uses. These stressors threaten the quality of life in the region and raise concerns about the interdependence of environmental quality and human health. </p><p>To allow for continued economic growth while protecting the area’s natural resources and fostering a high quality of life, the United States and Mexico need an improved understanding of the threats posed by these anthropogenic changes.</p><p>Issues of particular concern include (1) contaminants in ground water, surface water, and biota from agricultural, municipal, and industrial activities; (2) airborne pollutants from fossil-fuel combustion and other activities; (3) contaminants from past and present mining activities and mineral deposits; and (4) pathogens, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other contaminants released in treated and untreated human and animal wastewaters.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043013","usgsCitation":"Buckler, D., and Strom, E., 2004, Science data in support of environmental health studies in the U.S.-Mexico border region: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3013, HTML Document; Report: 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043013.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: 2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3013.bmp"},{"id":335619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3013/pdf/FS2003-3013_eng.pdf","text":"Report (English)","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":335620,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3013/pdf/FS2003-3013_span.pdf","text":"Report (Spanish)","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":5049,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-2004-3013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.2724609375,\n              27.371767300523047\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.55810546875,\n              27.391278222579277\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.82177734375,\n              27.235094607795503\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.86572265625,\n              26.775039386999605\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.64599609375,\n              26.41155054662258\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.30541992187499,\n              26.066652138577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.03076171875,\n              25.82956108605351\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8330078125,\n              25.512700007620513\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.294677734375,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.80029296875,\n              25.27450351782018\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.503662109375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2509765625,\n              25.304303764403617\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.119140625,\n              25.710836919640595\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.09716796875,\n              26.10612083235552\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.13012695312499,\n              26.352497858154024\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.305908203125,\n              26.990618722964737\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.49267578125,\n              27.078691552927534\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.998046875,\n              27.059125784374068\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.59130859375,\n              27.186242185608737\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.93188476562499,\n              27.27416111737468\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.2724609375,\n              27.371767300523047\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckler, Denny","contributorId":47451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"Denny","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, Eric","contributorId":84840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57819,"text":"ofr20041048 - 2004 - Quality of ground water for selected municipal water supplies in Iowa, 1997–2002 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T19:42:09.398396","indexId":"ofr20041048","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1048","title":"Quality of ground water for selected municipal water supplies in Iowa, 1997–2002 water years","docAbstract":"<p>The Iowa ground-water-quality monitoring program has been conducted cooperatively since 1982 by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Geological Survey; the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory; and the U.S. Geological Survey. The original objectives of the program were to provide baseline ground-water-quality data throughout the State for the major aquifers and to address any new areas of water-quality concern. Since the program began, the emphasis and objectives of the program have changed several times. As of 1992, greater emphasis has been placed on determining trends in ground-water quality and correlating water quality with possible contributing factors such as location, land use, aquifer, aquifer depth, and precipitation.</p>\n<p>From 1997 through 2002, a total of 471 samples of untreated water have been collected from 154 municipal wells throughout Iowa. The samples, collected from six different aquifers, consisted of 192 alluvial aquifer samples (36 wells), 79 Pleistocene aquifer samples (16 wells), 52 Cretaceous aquifer samples (35 wells), 48 Carboniferous aquifer samples (30 wells), 54 Silurian-Devonian aquifer samples (19 wells), and 46 Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer samples (18 wells).</p>\n<p>Some samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Of 471 samples analyzed, 19 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Maximum Contaminant Level for sulfate; 31 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Maximum Contaminant Level for nitrite plus nitrate; 257 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for iron; and 249 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for manganese. Of the 443 samples analyzed for pesticides, 87 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective minimum reporting levels for the parent compounds, 30 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective minimum reporting levels for pesticide metabolites, and 26 samples had detectable concentrations (censored values) less than the minimum reporting levels. Concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor accounted for about 90 percent of the samples equal to or exceeding the respective minimum reporting levels for pesticides. No samples had pesticide concentrations greater than the respective Maximum Contaminant or Health Advisory Levels.</p>\n<p>The compact disc included with this report has information about water-quality properties and concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, total organic carbon, pesticides, and synthetic organic compounds for water years 1997 through 2002.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Geological Survey, and the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., 2004, Quality of ground water for selected municipal water supplies in Iowa, 1997–2002 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1048, Report: vi, 36 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041048.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p>Director, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269<br>Iowa City, IA 52240<br></p>","tableOfContents":"<p>Preface<br />Abstract<br />Introduction<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Purpose and Scope<br />Description of Iowa Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Program<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Municipal Wells<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Sample Collection and Analysis<br />Description of Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Alluvial Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Pleistocene Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cretaceous Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Carboniferous Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Silurian-Devonian Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifers<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Precambrian Aquifer<br />Quality of Ground Water<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Sulfate<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Nitrite Plus Nitrate<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Arsenic<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Iron<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Manganese<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Alachlor, Atrazine, Cyanazine, and Metolachlor<br />Organization of the Water-Quality Data on the Compact Disc<br />Summary<br />References Cited<br />Supplemental Information</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db642d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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