The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, collected bathymetric data for the north part of Great Salt Lake during the spring and early summer of 2006 using a single beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. Approximately 5.2 million depth readings were collected along more than 765 miles of survey transects for construction of this map. Sound velocities were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed using commercial hydrographic software and exported into a geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping. Due to the shallow nature of the lake and the limitations of the instrumentation, contours above an altitude of 4,194 feet were digitized from existing USGS 1:24,000 source-scale digital line graph data. The Behrens Trench is approximately located.
For additional information on methods used to derive the bathymetric contours for this map, please see Baskin, Robert L., 2006, Calculation of area and volume for the North Part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR–2006–1359
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/sim2954","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., and Turner, J., 2006, Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2954, 1 Plate: 27.0 x 27.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2954.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.0 x 27.0 inches","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110693,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78838"},{"id":9162,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2954/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20061359","text":"Open-File Report 2006-1359: Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},{"id":334870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2954/PDF/SIM2954.pdf"},{"id":190747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.125\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -113.125,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -113.125,\n 41.125\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Jane","contributorId":56740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79546,"text":"ofr20061359 - 2006 - Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:58:54","indexId":"ofr20061359","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1359","title":"Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, collected bathymetric data for the north part of Great Salt Lake during the spring and early summer of 2006 using a single-beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. About 5.2 million depth measurements were collected along more than 765 miles (1,230 kilometers) of survey transects. Sound-velocity profiles were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping and calculation of area and volume. Area and volume calculations show a maximum area of about 385,000 acres (1,560 square kilometers) and a maximum volume of about 5,693,000 acre-feet (about 7 cubic kilometers) at a water-surface altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters). Minimum natural water-surface altitude of the north part of Great Salt Lake is just below 4,167 feet (1,270 meters) in the area just north of the Union Pacific railroad causeway halfway between Saline and the western edge of the lake. The north part of Great Salt Lake generally grades gradually to the west and north and is bounded by steep scarps along its eastern border. Calculations for area and volume are based on a low altitude of 4,167 feet (1,270 meters) to a high altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061359","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., 2006, Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1359, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061359.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334872,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim2954","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 2954: Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006","linkHelpText":"Scientific Investigations Map 2954: Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006"},{"id":9161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1359/PDF/ofr2006-1359.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.19889\n ],\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.76667\n ],\n [\n -112.4717,\n 41.76667\n ],\n [\n -112.4717,\n 41.19889\n ],\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.19889\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f96a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79541,"text":"sir20065310 - 2006 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow, Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T12:35:57","indexId":"sir20065310","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5310","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow, Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah","docAbstract":"Water for new residential development in Lake Point, Utah may be supplied by public-supply wells completed in consolidated rock on the east side of Lake Point. Ground-water flow models were developed to help understand the effect the proposed withdrawal will have on water levels, flowing-well discharge, spring discharge, and ground-water quality in the study area. This report documents the conceptual and numerical ground-water flow models for the Lake Point area.
The ground-water system in the Lake Point area receives recharge from local precipitation and irrigation, and from ground-water inflow from southwest of the area. Ground water discharges mostly to springs. Discharge also occurs to evapotranspiration, wells, and Great Salt Lake. Even though ground water discharges to Great Salt Lake, dense salt water from the lake intrudes under the less-dense ground water and forms a salt-water wedge under the valley. This salt water is responsible for some of the high dissolved-solids concentrations measured in ground water in Lake Point.
A steady-state MODFLOW-2000 ground-water model of Tooele Valley adequately simulates water levels, ground-water discharge, and ground-water flow direction observed in Lake Point in 1969 and 2002. Simulating an additional 1,650 acre-feet per year withdrawal from wells causes a maximum projected drawdown of about 550 feet in consolidated rock near the simulated wells and drawdown exceeding 80 feet in an area encompassing most of the Oquirrh Mountains east of Lake Point. Drawdown in most of Lake Point ranges from 2 to 10 ft, but increases to more than 40 feet in the areas proposed for residential development. Discharge to Factory Springs, flowing wells, evapotranspiration, and Great Salt Lake is decreased by about 1,100 acre-feet per year (23 percent).
The U.S. Geological Survey SUTRA variable-density ground-water-flow model generates a reasonable approximation of 2002 dissolved-solids concentration when simulating 2002 withdrawals. At most locations with measured dissolved-solids concentration in excess of 1,000 milligrams per liter, the model simulates salt-water intrusion with similar concentrations.
Simulating an additional 1,650 acre-feet per year withdrawal increased simulated dissolved-solids concentration by 200 to 1,000 milligrams per liter throughout much of Lake Point and near Factory Springs at a depth of about 250 to 300 feet below land surface. The increase in dissolved-solids concentration with increased withdrawals is greater at a depth of about 700 to 800 feet and exceeds 1,000 milligrams per liter throughout most of Lake Point. At the north end of Lake Point, increases exceed 10,000 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065310","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tooele County; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and Lake Point Improvement Project","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., 2006, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow, Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5310, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065310.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9096,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.35185623168945,\n 40.605351404521244\n ],\n [\n -112.35185623168945,\n 40.70445674541596\n ],\n [\n -112.22465515136717,\n 40.70445674541596\n ],\n [\n -112.22465515136717,\n 40.605351404521244\n ],\n [\n -112.35185623168945,\n 40.605351404521244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79540,"text":"ofr20061343 - 2006 - Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20061343","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1343","title":"Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Nearly two-dozen shallow landslides were active during spring 2005 on a hillside located along the east side of the Florida River about one kilometer downstream from Lemon Reservoir in La Plata County, southwestern Colorado. Landslides on the hillside directly threaten human safety, residential structures, a county roadway, utilities, and the Florida River, and indirectly threaten downstream areas and Lemon Dam. Most of the area where the landslides occurred was burned during the 2002 Missionary Ridge wildfire. We performed geologic mapping, subsurface exploration and sampling, radiocarbon dating, and shallow ground-water and ground-displacement monitoring to assess landslide activity. Active landslides during spring 2005 were as large as 35,000 m3 and confined to colluvium. Debris flows were mobilized from most of the landslides, were as large as 1,500 m3, and traveled as far as 250 m. Landslide activity was triggered by elevated ground-water pressures within the colluvium caused by infiltration of snowmelt. Landslide activity ceased as ground-water pressures dropped during the summer. Shallow landslides on the hillside appear to be much more likely following the Missionary Ridge fire because of the loss of tree root strength and evapotranspiration. We used monitoring data and observations to develop preliminary, approximate rainfall/snowmelt thresholds above which shallow landslide activity can be expected. Landslides triggered during spring 2005 occurred within a 1.97 x 107 m3 older landslide that extends, on average, about 40 m into bedrock. The south end of this older landslide appears to have experienced deep secondary landsliding. Radiocarbon dating of sediments at the head of the older landslide suggests that the landslide was active about 1,424-1,696 years ago. A relatively widespread wildfire may have preceded the older landslide, and the landslide may have occurred during a wetter time. The wetter climate and effects of the wildfire would likely have resulted in increased ground-water pressures, which may have triggered the older landslide. This landslide appears to have crossed the valley floor and been subsequently eroded from this area. We found no evidence that landslide debris across the valley floor formed an impoundment of the Florida River, although it is very likely. Erosion of buttressing landslide debris from the valley floor and the lower strength of the landslide basal shear zone relative to pre-slide strength created less stable conditions than were present prior to occurrence of the landslide. However, deep ground-water conditions largely control the stability of the slope and are unknown here; hence, the potential for future deep landsliding is unknown. Additional investigation could be undertaken to further characterize landslide hazards in the area. This investigation could include episodic surveying of monuments we installed across the older landslide, obtaining detailed topographic data and aerial photography, mapping landslide debris and lacustrine deposits related to the potential former landslide dam, mapping secondary landslides, obtaining additional ages of landslide activity, constructing deep boreholes and ground-water monitoring wells, laboratory testing of soil and rock strength and hydraulic properties, and ground-water and slope-stability modeling.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061343","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W.H., Coe, J.A., Ellis, W., and Kibler, J.D., 2006, Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1343, v, 29 p.; 1 plate, map with cross sections; GIS data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061343.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.; 1 plate, map with cross sections; GIS data","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1343/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2770","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, William L.","contributorId":89128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kibler, John D.","contributorId":14523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79539,"text":"sir20065290 - 2006 - Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20065290","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5290","title":"Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, microbiological data were collected from wells in 22 NAWQA study units during 1993-2004. The wells constituted the sampling networks for three major NAWQA efforts--the major aquifer study, the land-use study, and source-water quality assessments of ground water used for public supplies. Sixteen principal aquifers were represented by these well networks. Samples of untreated ground water were analyzed for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria, which included the total-coliform bacteria, fecal-coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli, and for the presence of somatic and male-specific coliphage viruses.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of the samples showed that coliform bacteria occur relatively frequently-nearly 30 percent of all wells tested positive-and that domestic wells commonly are contaminated by total coliform bacteria, with 33 percent of these wells testing positive. Coliphage viruses were present in 10 percent or fewer of the wells sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau-Yakima, Georgia-Florida, San Joaquin, and Trinity study units, which represent the Columbia Plateau, Floridan, Central Valley, and Coastal Lowlands principal aquifers, respectively. The frequency of detections and concentrations of total coliform bacteria generally were higher in samples from domestic wells than in samples from public-supply wells; in fractured or porous rock materials (carbonate rocks) than in unconsolidated materials (mixtures of sand, gravel, clay); and in principal aquifers with median depths of sampled wells ranging from 100 to 200 feet than in principal aquifers with median depths of sampled wells less than 100 feet or greater than 200 feet.\r\n\r\nThe waters most affected by the presence of coliform bacteria were those in the Valley and Ridge, the Floridan, and the Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers, where more than 50 percent of the study wells tested positive for these bacteria. The numbers of wells with detections of coliform bacteria were significantly lower for the Glacial Deposits, Stream and River Valley, Columbia Plateau, Basin and Range, High Plains, Southeastern Coastal Plain, and Coastal Lowlands aquifers. Of the 16 principal aquifers sampled, wells in the Valley and Ridge had the highest overall concentrations of total coliforms, with a median of 2 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters. Elevated concentrations of coliform bacteria (greater than 300 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters) also were reported for wells completed in the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian aquifer and the Ordovician aquifer in lower Tennessee.\r\n\r\nMore than 50 percent of wells completed in carbonate or crystalline rocks tested positive for coliform bacteria. The Floridan, Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ordovician (lower Tennessee), and Valley and Ridge aquifers are composed of these types of rocks. The lowest detection frequencies (less than 5 percent) were for wells in the Basin and Range and the Snake River aquifers. The materials that constitute these aquifers primarily are unconsolidated sand, gravel, and clay, or basalt with interbeds of sand, gravel, or clay.\r\n\r\nNo strong correlations between concentrations of total coliforms and well depths were identified, nor were there any correlations between total coliform concentrations and selected chemical constituents in the waters. Other factors, such as geohydrologic characteristics, proximity of contaminating sources, interactions with surface water, or well-construction features (including the age of the well), likely control the presence and transport of coliform bacteria in the ground water.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065290","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program-Principal Aquifers","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S.S., and Runkle, D.L., 2006, Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5290, x, 34 p.; 17 figs.; 8 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065290.","productDescription":"x, 34 p.; 17 figs.; 8 tables","numberOfPages":"44","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62de79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, Sandra S.","contributorId":48170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79535,"text":"fs20063115 - 2006 - Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"fs20063115","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3115","title":"Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada recently completed a continental-scale pilot study for a proposed geochemical survey of North American soils. This survey will provide baseline soil chemistry data against which future changes in soil composition can be measured and that can be used by Federal, State/Provincial, and local agencies when making risk-assessment and land-use decisions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Canada","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3115, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063115.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3115.jpg"},{"id":9086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79537,"text":"ofr20061319 - 2006 - Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Neversink River Basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20061319","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1319","title":"Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Neversink River Basin, New York","docAbstract":"Heavy rain on April 2-3, 2005 produced rainfall amounts of 3 inches to almost 6 inches within a 36-hour period throughout the Delaware River basin. Major flooding occurred in the East and West Branches of the Delaware River and their tributaries, the main stem of the Delaware River and the Neversink River, a major tributary to the Delaware River. The resultant flooding damaged hundreds of homes, caused millions of dollars in damage to infrastructure in Orange and Sullivan Counties, and forced more than 1,000 residents to evacuate their homes. A total of 20 New York counties were declared Federal disaster areas. Some of the most extensive flooding occurred along the Neversink and Delaware Rivers in Orange and Sullivan Counties, New York. Disaster recovery assistance from the April 2005 flooding in New York stood at almost $35 million in 2005, at which time more than 3,400 New Yorkers had registered for Federal aid. All U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations on the Neversink River below the Neversink Reservoir recorded peak water-surface elevations higher than those recorded during the September 2004 flooding. Peak water-surface elevations at some study sites on the Neversink River exceeded the 500-year flood elevation as documented in flood-insurance studies by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood peaks at some long-term U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations were the highest ever recorded. Several U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations on the Delaware River also recorded peak water-surface elevations that exceeded those recorded during the September 2004 flooding.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., and Firda, G.D., 2006, Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Neversink River Basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1319, v, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061319.","productDescription":"v, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"103","temporalStart":"2005-04-02","temporalEnd":"2005-04-03","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9088,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db534025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79536,"text":"sir20065307 - 2006 - Sedimentation and Occurrence and Trends of Selected Chemical Constituents in Bottom Sediment, Empire Lake, Cherokee County, Kansas, 1905-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065307","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5307","title":"Sedimentation and Occurrence and Trends of Selected Chemical Constituents in Bottom Sediment, Empire Lake, Cherokee County, Kansas, 1905-2005","docAbstract":"For about 100 years (1850-1950), the Tri-State Mining District in parts of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma was one of the primary sources of lead and zinc ore in the world. The mining activity in the Tri-State District has resulted in substantial historical and ongoing input of cadmium, lead, and zinc to the environment including Empire Lake in Cherokee County, southeast Kansas. The environmental contamination caused by the decades of mining activity resulted in southeast Cherokee County being listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priority List as a superfund hazardous waste site in 1983. To provide some of the information needed to support efforts to restore the ecological health of Empire Lake, a 2-year study was begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. A combination of sediment-thickness mapping and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sediment deposition and the occurrence of cadmium, lead, zinc, and other selected constituents in the bottom sediment of Empire Lake. \r\n\r\nThe total estimated volume and mass of bottom sediment in Empire Lake were 44 million cubic feet and 2,400 million pounds, respectively. Most of the bottom sediment was located in the main body and the Shoal Creek arm of the reservoir. Minimal sedimentation was evident in the Spring River arm of the reservoir. The total mass of cadmium, lead, and zinc in the bottom sediment of Empire Lake was estimated to be 78,000 pounds, 650,000 pounds, and 12 million pounds, respectively. \r\n\r\nIn the bottom sediment of Empire Lake, cadmium concentrations ranged from 7.3 to 76 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram) with an overall median concentration of 29 mg/kg. Compared to an estimated background concentration of 0.4 mg/kg, the historical mining activity increased the median cadmium concentration by about 7,200 percent. Lead concentrations ranged from 100 to 950 mg/kg with an overall median concentration of 270 mg/kg. Compared to an estimated background concentration of 33 mg/kg, the median lead concentration was increased by about 720 percent as a result of mining activities. The range in zinc concentrations was 1,300 to 13,000 mg/kg with an overall median concentration of 4,900 mg/kg. Compared to an estimated background concentration of 92 mg/kg, the median zinc concentration was increased by about 5,200 percent. Within Empire Lake, the largest sediment concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc were measured in the main body of the reservoir. Within the Spring River arm of the reservoir, increased concentrations in the downstream direction likely were the result of tributary inflow from Short Creek, which drains an area that has been substantially affected by historical lead and zinc mining.\r\n\r\nCompared to nonenforceable sediment-quality guidelines, all Empire Lake sediment samples (representing 21 coring sites) had cadmium concentrations that exceeded the probable-effects guideline (4.98 mg/kg), which represents the concentration above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur. With one exception, cadmium concentrations exceeded the probable-effects guideline by about 180 to about 1,400 percent. With one exception, all sediment samples had lead concentrations that exceeded the probable-effects guideline (128 mg/kg) by about 10 to about 640 percent. All sediment samples had zinc concentrations that exceeded the probable-effects guideline (459 mg/kg) by about 180 to about 2,700 percent. \r\n\r\nOverall, cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in the bottom sediment of Empire Lake have decreased over time following the end of lead and zinc mining in the area. However, the concentrations in the most recently deposited bottom sediment (determined for 4 of 21 coring sites) still exceeded the probable-effects guideline by about 440 to 640 percent for cadmium, about 40 to 80 percent for lead, and about 580 ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2006, Sedimentation and Occurrence and Trends of Selected Chemical Constituents in Bottom Sediment, Empire Lake, Cherokee County, Kansas, 1905-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5307, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065307.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"83","temporalStart":"1905-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9087,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79534,"text":"sir20065252 - 2006 - Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20065252","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5252","title":"Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99","docAbstract":"Lake Mead is one of a series of large Colorado River reservoirs operated and maintained by the Bureau of Reclamation. The Colorado River system of reservoirs and diversions is an important source of water for millions of people in seven Western States and Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, conducted a study from 1997 to 1999 to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead. For this study, micrometeorological and hydrologic data were collected continually from instrumented platforms deployed at four locations on the lake, open-water areas of Boulder Basin, Virgin Basin, and Overton Arm and a protected cove in Boulder Basin. Data collected at the platforms were used to estimate Lake Mead evaporation by solving an energy-budget equation. The average annual evaporation rate at open-water stations from January 1998 to December 1999 was 7.5 feet. Because the spatial variation of monthly and annual evaporation rates was minimal for the open-water stations, a single open-water station in Boulder Basin would provide data that are adequate to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065252","usgsCitation":"Westenburg, C.L., DeMeo, G.A., and Tanko, D.J., 2006, Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5252, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065252.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"30","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9085,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenburg, Craig L.","contributorId":63831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenburg","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanko, Daron J.","contributorId":88343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanko","given":"Daron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79531,"text":"sim2937 - 2006 - Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T14:23:00","indexId":"sim2937","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2937","title":"Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program sampled 37 urban streams throughout the United States for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 1995 to 2003. These urban streams were selected to (1) characterize stream water quality from areas draining predominantly residential and commercial land uses and (2) determine which natural and human factors affect stream quality. Initial interpretation of the VOC data set is focused on determining which VOCs commonly are found, the range of concentrations, and the temporal distribution (Lopes and Price, 1997).\r\n\r\nThe 37 urban streams sampled had drainage areas that ranged from 23 to 13,000 square kilometers with a median of 71 square kilometers. The urban streams are located in eight major surface-water regions within the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. The urban streams were sampled for VOCs monthly for about 1 year with some storm samples collected at selected sites (Lopes and Price, 1997). A total of 869 samples (410 samples in the warmer months and 459 samples in the cooler months) were collected and were analyzed for 85 individual VOCs. Data are available at http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pls/nawqa/nawqa.home\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2937","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Price, C.V., and Valder, J., 2006, Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2937, 1 p. (36 x 36 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2937.","productDescription":"1 p. (36 x 36 inches)","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9093,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2937/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110696,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78846.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78846"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79533,"text":"sim2938 - 2006 - Volatile organic compounds in samples from domestic and public wells, 1985-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T20:04:05.340987","indexId":"sim2938","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2938","title":"Volatile organic compounds in samples from domestic and public wells, 1985-2002","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program recently completed a national study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Nation's ground water (Zogorski and others, 2006). Part of this assessment emphasizes the occurrence of 55 VOCs in samples from 2,401 domestic wells and 1,096 public wells during 1985-2002. Samples were collected prior to any treatment or blending of water.\r\n\r\nDomestic wells are privately owned, self-supplied sources used for drinking water and household use (Moran and others, 2002). Public wells are privately or publicly owned and supply water to public water systems (PWSs). Samples from public wells in this assessment characterize the quality of water captured by wells that supply drinking water to PWSs. These systems supply drinking water to at least 15 service connections or regularly serve at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days a year (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005).\r\n\r\nFor a screening-level assessment, VOC concentrations were compared to human-health benchmarks. Concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Maximum Contamination Levels (MCLs) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004) or the USGS's Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs) (Zogorski and others, 2006) were considered of potential human-health concern. The findings from the well samples provide an important perspective on the quality of the Nation's ground water used for drinking-water supplies. More information about this national assessment of VOCs is available (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/vocs/national_assessment).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2938","usgsCitation":"Rowe, B.L., Zogorski, J.S., and Valder, J., 2006, Volatile organic compounds in samples from domestic and public wells, 1985-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2938, 1 Plate: 36.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2938.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 x 36.00 inches","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110697,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5274","title":"Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99","docAbstract":"The effects of nonpoint-source contamination on the water quality of four tributaries to the Toms River in Ocean County, New Jersey, have been investigated in a 5-year study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The purpose of the study was to relate the extent of land development to loads of nutrients and other contaminants to these streams, and ultimately to Barnegat Bay. Volumetric streamflow (discharge) was measured at 6 monitoring sites during 37 stormflow and base-flow sampling events over a 5-year period (May 1994-September 1999). Concentrations and yields (area-normalized instantaneous load values) of nitrogen and phosphorus species, total suspended solids, and fecal coliform bacteria were quantified, and pH, dissolved oxygen, and stream stage were monitored during base-flow conditions and storms. Sufficient data were collected to allow for a statistical evaluation of differences in water quality among streams in subbasins with high, medium, and low levels of land development.\r\n\r\nLong Swamp Creek, in a highly developed subbasin (64.2 percent developed); Wrangle Brook, in a moderately developed subbasin (34.5 percent); Davenport Branch, in a slightly developed subbasin (22.8 percent); and Jakes Branch, in an undeveloped subbasin (0 percent) are the subbasins selected for this study. No point-source discharges are known to be present on these streams. Water samples were collected and analyzed by the NJDEP, and discharge measurements and data analysis were conducted by the USGS.\r\n\r\nTotal nitrogen concentrations were lower in Davenport Branch than in Long Swamp Creek and Wrangle Brook during base flow and stormflow. Concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate were highest in Wrangle Brook (as high as 3.0 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively) as a result of high concentrations of nitrate in samples collected during base flow; nitrate loading from ground-water discharge is much higher in Wrangle Brook than in any of the other streams, possibly as a result of an experimental wastewater-(secondary effluent) disposal site that was in operation during the 1980's. Ammonia concentrations were higher in samples from Long Swamp Creek than in those from the other two monitoring sites under all flow conditions, and ammonia yields were higher during stormflow than base flow at all monitoring sites.\r\n\r\nConcentrations and yields of fecal coliform bacteria and total suspended solids were higher during stormflow than during base flow at all monitoring sites. Concentrations and yields were significantly higher in Long Swamp Creek, a highly developed subbasin and Wrangle Brook, a moderately developed subbasin than in Davenport Branch, a slightly developed subbasin. Concentrations and yields of phosphate species, which also are strongly related to stormflow, were higher during stormflow in Long Swamp Creek than in the other subbasins. \r\n\r\nBase-flow separation techniques were used on hydrographs generated for storms to distinguish the fraction of discharge and constituent loading attributable to storm runoff (overland flow) from the fraction contributed by ground-water discharge. Precipitation records were used to determine the total annual volumes of ground-water discharge and runoff at each monitoring site. These volumes were used in conjunction with water-quality data to calculate total annual loads of each constituent at each monitoring site, separated into ground-water discharge and runoff fractions. It was determined that loads of ammonia, nitrate, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and orthophosphate in ground-water discharge were significantly higher in the moderately developed Wrangle Brook subbasin than in the highly developed Long Swamp Creek subbasin, and that no relation was apparent between the percent of land development and constituent loads from ground-water discharge. The loading of each constituent contributed by ground-water discharge is specific ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055274","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., and Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 2006, Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5274, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055274.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"79","temporalStart":"1994-05-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79529,"text":"sir20065250 - 2006 - Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065250","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5250","title":"Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. Taste and odor problems in the water attributable to blue-green algae have increased in frequency over time. Changes in the algae community in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient levels in the lakes, and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, conducted an investigation to summarize nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and provide estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin for a 3-year period from January 2002 through December 2004. This report provides information needed to advance knowledge of the regional hydrologic system and understanding of hydrologic processes, and provides hydrologic data and results useful to multiple parties for interstate compacts.\r\n\r\nNitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff samples than in base-flow samples at Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Runoff concentrations were not significantly greater than in base-flow samples at Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee, Arkansas; and Spavinaw Creek near Sycamore, Oklahoma.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased in the downstream direction in Spavinaw Creek from the Maysville to Sycamore stations then significantly decreased from the Sycamore to the Colcord stations. Nitrogen in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than in those from Spavinaw Creek. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased from the Maysville to Cherokee stations in Spavinaw Creek, probably due to a point source between those stations, then significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee to Colcord stations. Phosphorus in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow samples from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the stations on Spavinaw Creek; however, the concentrations at Beaty Creek were significantly less than at all other stations. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the three downstream stations on Spavinaw Creek, and not significantly different at the Maysville station on Spavinaw Creek and the Beaty Creek station. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual nitrogen total loads from 2002-2004 were substantially greater at the Spavinaw Creek stations than at Beaty Creek and increased in a downstream direction from Maysville to Colcord in Spavinaw Creek, with the load at the Colcord station about 2 times that of Maysville station. Estimated mean annual nitrogen base-flow loads at the Spavinaw Creek stations were about 5 to 11 times greater than base-flow loads at Beaty Creek. The runoff component of the annual nitrogen total load for Beaty Creek was 85 percent, whereas, at the Spavinaw Creek stations, the range in the runoff component was 60 to 66 percent.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual phosphorus total loads from 2002-2004 were greater at the Spavinaw Creek stations from Cherokee to Colcord than at Beaty Creek and increased in a downstream direction from Maysville to Colcord in Spavinaw Creek, with the load at the Colcord station about 2.5 times that of Maysville station. Estimated mean annual phosphorus base-flow loads at the Spavinaw Creek stations were about 2.5 to 19 times greater than at Beaty Creek. Phosphorus base-flow loads increased about 8 times from Maysville to Cherokee in Spavinaw Creek; the base-flow loads were about the same at the three downstream stations. The runoff component ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065250","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2006, Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5250, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065250.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79532,"text":"sim2931 - 2006 - The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T14:21:57","indexId":"sim2931","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2931","title":"The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program recently completed a national assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water (Zogorski and others, 2006). As part of this assessment, samples of ambient ground water collected from 3,498 wells during 1985-2002 were selected for characterizing the occurrence of 55 VOCs in 98 aquifer studies. The 55 VOCs were assigned to the following groups on the basis of their primary usage (or origin): (1) fumigants, (2) gasoline hydrocarbons, (3) gasoline oxygenates, (4) organic synthesis compounds, (5) refrigerants, (6) solvents, and (7) trihalo-methanes (chlorination by-products).\r\n\r\nThe samples were collected throughout the conterminous United States as well as Alaska and Hawaii. The sampled wells had a variety of uses including domestic supply (61 percent), public supply (15 percent), monitoring (10 percent), other (13 percent), and unknown (1 percent).\r\n\r\nNAWQA aquifer studies are large-scale resource assessments of ground water that provide a general characterization of water-quality conditions in locally and regionally important aquifers or portions thereof. In general, the aquifers (or portions thereof) selected for study were some of the most intensively used aquifers for drinking water in greaterHawaiiOahuAlaskathe Nation. The 98 aquifer studies collectively provide an important national perspective on the current (1985-2002) extent of VOC contamination and regional patterns of VOC occurrence in ground water. More information about this national assessment of VOCs is available at a supporting Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/vocs/national_assessment).\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2931","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., Carter, J.M., Zogorski, J.S., and Valder, J., 2006, The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2931, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2931.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110695,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78845"},{"id":193312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2931/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79525,"text":"sir20055073 - 2006 - Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T22:53:08.327527","indexId":"sir20055073","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5073","title":"Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, Maryland Department of the Environment, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science are collaborating on the Chesapeake Bay Regional Watershed Model, using Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN to simulate streamflow and concentrations and loads of nutrients and sediment to Chesapeake Bay. The model will be used to provide information for resource managers. In order to establish a framework for model simulation, digital spatial datasets were created defining the discretization of the model region (including the Chesapeake Bay watershed, as well as the adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia outside the watershed) into land segments, a stream-reach network, and associated watersheds.\r\n\r\nLand segmentation was based on county boundaries represented by a 1:100,000-scale digital dataset. Fifty of the 254 counties and incorporated cities in the model region were divided on the basis of physiography and topography, producing a total of 309 land segments. The stream-reach network for the Chesapeake Bay watershed part of the model region was based on the U.S. Geological Survey Chesapeake Bay SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) model stream-reach network. Because that network was created only for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, the rest of the model region uses a 1:500,000-scale stream-reach network. Streams with mean annual streamflow of less than 100 cubic feet per second were excluded based on attributes from the dataset. Additional changes were made to enhance the data and to allow for inclusion of stream reaches with monitoring data that were not part of the original network. Thirty-meter-resolution Digital Elevation Model data were used to delineate watersheds for each stream reach. State watershed boundaries replaced the Digital Elevation Model-derived watersheds where coincident. After a number of corrections, the watersheds were coded to indicate major and minor basin, mean annual streamflow, and each watershed's unique identifier as well as that of the downstream watershed. Land segments and watersheds were intersected to create land-watershed segments for the model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Maryland Department of the Environment, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin","usgsCitation":"Martucci, S.K., Krstolic, J.L., Raffensperger, J.P., and Hopkins, K.J., 2006, Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5073, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055073.","productDescription":"iv, 15 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, Katharine J.","contributorId":333258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79527,"text":"sir20065193 - 2006 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality, Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:32:58","indexId":"sir20065193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5193","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality, Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan, 2002-05","docAbstract":"The ground-water resource potential of Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Mich. was characterized on the basis of existing hydrogeologic data, water-level records, analyses of water samples, and interpretation of geophysical survey data. Eight ground-water samples were collected and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and trace-metal composition. In addition, 10 direct current-resistivity soundings were collected throughout Chippewa and Coe Townships to identify potential freshwater in the aquifer system. The aquifer system includes complexly interbedded glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, and basal-lodgment tills, which overlie Jurassic or Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks. In parts of the township, freshwater is present in all geologic units, but in most areas saline water is encountered near the base of Pleistocene glacial deposits and in the Jurassic or Pennsylvanian bedrock. A near-surface sheet of relatively dense basal-lodgment till likely prevents, or substantially retards, significant direct recharge of ground water to glacial and bedrock aquifers in Chippewa and adjacent townships.
Glacial sands and gravels form the principal aquifer for domestic wells (97.5 percent of wells in the township). The single community water supply in the township has wells screened in glacial deposits near the base of the glacial drift. Increased withdrawals of ground water in response to increasing demand has led to a slight decline in water quality from this supply. This water-quality decline is related primarily to an increase of dissolved sulfate, which is probably a function of well depth and dissolution of gypsum, a common mineral constituent in the Jurassic “red beds” , which form the uppermost bedrock unit throughout most of the township. One explanation for the increase in sulfate is upconing of saline water from bedrock sources, which may contain saline water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Westjohn, D.B., and Hoard, C.J., 2006, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality, Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5193, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065193.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065193.JPG"},{"id":9082,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Isabella County","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.641667\n ],\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.55\n ],\n [\n -84.608333,\n 43.55\n ],\n [\n -84.608333,\n 43.641667\n ],\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.641667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62783d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79530,"text":"ofr20061393 - 2006 - A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20061393","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1393","title":"A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004","docAbstract":"In 2003 a team of scientists from West Virginia Division of Natural Resources and the U. S. Geological Survey found a high incidence of an intersex condition, oocytes in the testes, among smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the South Branch Potomac River and the Cacapon River of West Virginia, indicating the possible presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Possible sources of EDCs include municipal and domestic wastewater, and agricultural and industrial activities. Several sampling strategies were used to identify emerging contaminants, including potential EDCs, and their possible sources in these river basins and at an out-of-basin reference site. Passive water-sampling devices, which accumulate in-stream organic chemical compounds, were deployed for 40-41 days at 8 sampling sites. Sampler extracts were analyzed for a broad range of polar and non-polar organic compounds including pesticides, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and personal-care products. Analysis of passive-sampler extracts found 4 compounds; hexachloro-benzene; pentachloroanisole; 2,2',4,4',5-penta-bromo-diphenyl ether (BDE 47); and 2,2',4,4',6-penta-bromo-diphenyl ether (BDE 99) to be present at every sampled site, including the reference site, and several sites had detectable quantities of other compounds. No detectable quantity of any antibiotics was found in any passive-sampler extract. Effluent samples were analyzed for 39 antibiotics as tracers of human and agricultural waste. Additionally, poultry-processing plant effluent was sampled for roxarsone, an organoarsenic compound used as a poultry-feed additive, and other arsenic species as tracers of poultry waste. Antibiotics were detected in municipal wastewater, aquaculture, and poultry-processing effluent, with the highest number of antibiotics and the greatest concentrations found in municipal effluent. Arsenate was the only arsenic species detected in the poultry-processing plant effluent, at a concentration of 1.0 ?g/L. Water samples were collected from 7 stream sites and analyzed for arsenic species, including roxarsone. Arsenate was detected in samples from 6 of the 7 stream samples, in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 ?g/L. Additionally, the analysis of smallmouth bass blood plasma for potential EDCs indicated the presence of several compounds including some found in the passive sampler extracts, specifically BDE 47 and BDE 99. Data from this reconnaissance will help to focus efforts for further studies of the occurrence of emerging contaminants, EDCs, and intersex in smallmouth bass in these Potomac River tributaries.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061393","collaboration":"In cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., and Leiker, T.J., 2006, A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1393, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061393.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-04-01","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9084,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1393/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,37 ], [ -83,40 ], [ -80,40 ], [ -80,37 ], [ -83,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4965e4b0b290850ef1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas J.","contributorId":47805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157139,"text":"70157139 - 2006 - Projecting future sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:28:29","indexId":"70157139","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Projecting future sea level","docAbstract":"California’s coastal observations and global model projections indicate that California’s open coast and estuaries will experience increasing sea levels over the next century. Sea level rise has affected much of the coast of California, including the Southern California coast, the Central California open coast, and the San Francisco Bay and upper estuary. These trends, quantified from a small set of California tide gages, have ranged from 10–20 centimeters (cm) (3.9–7.9 inches) per century, quite similar to that estimated for global mean sea level. So far, there is little evidence that the rate of rise has accelerated, and the rate of rise at California tide gages has actually flattened since 1980, but projections suggest substantial sea level rise may occur over the next century. Climate change simulations project a substantial rate of global sea level rise over the next century due to thermal expansion as the oceans warm and runoff from melting land-based snow and ice accelerates. Sea level rise projected from the models increases with the amount of warming. Relative to sea levels in 2000, by the 2070–2099 period, sea level rise projections range from 11–54 cm (4.3–21 in) for simulations following the lower (B1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenario, from 14–61 cm (5.5–24 in) for the middle-upper (A2) emission scenario, and from 17–72 cm (6.7–28 in) for the highest (A1fi) scenario. In addition to relatively steady secular trends, sea levels along the California coast undergo shorter period variability above or below predicted tide levels and changes associated with long-term trends. These variations are caused by weather events and by seasonal to decadal climate fluctuations over the Pacific Ocean that in turn affect the Pacific coast. Highest coastal sea levels have occurred when winter storms and Pacific climate disturbances, such as El Niño, have coincided with high astronomical tides. This study considers a range of projected future global sea level rises in examining possible impacts at California coastal and estuarine stations. Two climate models and three scenarios considered in this scenarios study provide a set of possible future weather and short-period climate fluctuations, and a range of potential long-term sea level rise values. A range of mean sea level rise was considered in combination with weather and El Niño fluctuations extracted from two global climate models and two GHG emissions scenarios. The mean sea level rise values, determined from a survey of several climate models, range from approximately 10–80 cm (3.9–31 in) between 2000 and 2100. The middle to higher end of this range would substantially exceed the historical rate of sea level rise of 15–20 cm (5.9–7.9 in)per century observed at San Francisco and San Diego during the last 100 years. Gradual sea level rise progressively worsens the impacts of high tides and the surge and waves associated with storms. The potential for impacts of future sea level rise was assessed from the occurrence of hourly sea level extremes. The occurrence of extreme events follows a sharply escalating pattern as the magnitude of future sea level rise increases. The confluence of Low barometric pressures from storms and the presence large waves at the same time substantially increases the likelihood of high, damaging sea levels along the California coast. Similarly, astronomical tides and disturbances in sea level that are caused by weather and climate fluctuations are x transmitted into the San Francisco Bay and Delta, and on into the lower reaches of the Sacramento River. In addition to elevating Bay and Delta sea levels directly through inverse barometer and wind effects, storms may generate heavy precipitation and high fresh water runoff and cause floods in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta, increasing the potential for inundation of levees and other structures. There may also be increased risk of levee failure due to the hydraulics and geometry of these structures. Rising sea levels from climate change will increase the frequency and duration of extreme high water levels, causing historical coastal and San Francisco Bay/Delta structure design criteria to be exceeded.
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,{"id":70174705,"text":"70174705 - 2006 - Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T15:45:13","indexId":"70174705","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study","docAbstract":"Prior to implementing laws and policies regulating water, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, and recreation, natural resource managers often solicit public input. Concomitantly, managers are continually seeking more effective ways to involve stakeholders. In the autumn of 1999, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department sought to develop a state management plan for its portion of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population if it was removed from the federal threatened species list. A key aspect of developing this plan was the involvement of federal, state, and local agencies, representatives from nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. Wyoming wildlife managers asked researchers from the United States Geological Survey to demonstrate how the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model could be used to initiate this process. To address these needs, we conducted similar workshops for a group of state and federal managers or staffers and a broad group of stakeholders. Although we found similarities among the workshop groups, we also recorded differences in perspective between stakeholder groups. The managers group acknowledged the importance of varied stakeholders but viewed the grizzly bear planning process as one centered on state interests, influenced by state policies, and amenable to negotiation. The other workshops identified many stakeholders and viewed the decision process as diffuse, with many opportunities for entry into the process. These latter groups were less certain about the chance for a successful negotiation. We concluded that if these assumptions and differences were not reconciled, the public involvement effort was not likely to succeed.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1306:URATPF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., and Ponds, P.D., 2006, Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1306-1313, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1306:URATPF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1306","endPage":"1313","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c0e4b0d27deb387049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216708,"text":"70216708 - 2006 - ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:00:42.130052","indexId":"70216708","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T18:11:24","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Rapids on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon attract over 20,000 white-water enthusiasts a year and are considered one of the premiere collections of rapids in North America. While this collection of rapids is an important recreational resource, relatively little is known of the specific hydraulics of individual rapids. Flow measurements are occasionally made in the low-velocity reaches between rapids, but the turbulent and dangerous nature of rapids makes in-situ data collection challenging. The present study measured hydraulics within a small rapid in Grand Canyon as well as an alluvial reach of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon using a Sontek Argonaut acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV)2. The ADV was mounted near the center-front of a motor-powered 19-foot J-snout boat; the instrument sample volume was located 80 cm below the surface. The quality of the measurements was best in the slower water above the rapid and in Glen Canyon. Waves, aeration, and high-velocity water rendered specific measurements in the core of the rapid difficult as the ADV instrument could only measure velocities less than about 3.0 m/s. Nonetheless, velocity, bathymetry, and water-surface maps were constructed for the rapid and the reach in Glen Canyon. The compiled data sets can be used for predicting the erosion potential of debris fans forming the rapid and the development of numerical models to better characterize rapids.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World environmental and water resources congress 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceDate":"May 21-25, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)158","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Webb, R., 2006, ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, in World environmental and water resources congress 2006, Omaha, NE, May 21-25, 2006, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)158.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231694,"text":"70231694 - 2006 - Submarine slides north of Puerto Rico and their tsunami potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-20T20:40:36.293079","indexId":"70231694","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T15:31:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Submarine slides north of Puerto Rico and their tsunami potential","docAbstract":"New multibeam bathymetry of the entire Puerto Rico trench reveals numerous retrograde slope failures at various scales at the edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The slumped material comprises carbonate blocks, which fail, at least in initial stages, as a coherent rock mass. This, combined with the fact that the edge of the carbonate platform is steeper than most continental slopes, indicates a higher potential for tsunami run-up than along many other U.S. coasts. The style of slope failure appears to be rock falls, slide blocks and debris avalanches. Secondary failure of the failed carbonate products and of the underlying forearc sediments and rocks may lead to debris flows and turbidity flows. Fissures, discovered in the ocean floor near the edge of the platform, indicate that the process is expected to continue in the future. One of the slope failures, the Arecibo amphitheater, previously thought to represent a single giant slide with a volume of 900-1500 cu. km, appears to comprise smaller failures. The expected maximum tsunami run-up on the northern coast of Puerto Rico from one of these slope failures is <20 m, much lower than previously estimated. A recurrence rate of 100s kyr was calculated for the largest observed failures along the edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico using simple assumptions. Smaller landslides would presumably occur at a higher recurrence rate. Elsewhere around the island, a 20-km wide failure scarp was discovered in the Upper Mona rift and could be associated with the 1918 tsunami and earthquake that hit northwestern Puerto Rico. Large slope failures were also discovered for the first time on the northern side of the Puerto Rico trench. Because Puerto Rico trench slides occur at large water depths (~6000 m), have large horizontal and vertical dimensions, and the directivity from tsunamis emanating from these slides is toward Puerto Rico, they may be of particular concern and may necessitate further study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean tsunami hazard","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789812774613_0004","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U.S., Geist, E.L., Lynett, P.J., and Andrews, B.D., 2006, Submarine slides north of Puerto Rico and their tsunami potential, chap. of Caribbean tsunami hazard, p. 67-90, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812774613_0004.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico Trench","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.56591796875,\n 18.40665471391907\n ],\n [\n -65.533447265625,\n 18.40665471391907\n ],\n [\n -65.533447265625,\n 19.859727234743332\n ],\n [\n -67.56591796875,\n 19.859727234743332\n ],\n [\n -67.56591796875,\n 18.40665471391907\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":201741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick J. 0000-0002-2856-9405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-9405","contributorId":244605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. 0000-0003-1024-9400 bandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-9400","contributorId":201662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205496,"text":"70205496 - 2006 - Using optical proxies for biogeochemical properties to study land coverage and terrestrial inputs of organic carbon into coastal waters from the Penobscot Watershed to the Gulf of Maine ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T13:27:35","indexId":"70205496","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T13:18:06","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using optical proxies for biogeochemical properties to study land coverage and terrestrial inputs of organic carbon into coastal waters from the Penobscot Watershed to the Gulf of Maine ","docAbstract":"Coastal waters are physically, biogeochemically, and therefore optically complex as a result of the commingling of waters arising from terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Separating the influences of these three ecosystems on the optical properties of the resulting mixture is challenging, particularly given the variability within each. The longterm goals of this project are twofold: (1) to investigate the feasibility of identifying landuse changes using inwater optical observations, (2) to quantify the input of terrestrial organic carbon into the coastal marine environment. Our approach is to study the Penobscot River Watershed in Maine, from its many tributaries and subwatersheds into the main branch of the Penobscot River, Penobscot Bay and ultimately into the coastal waters of the Eastern Maine Coastal Current. The first step towards this goal is to define optical signatures associated with specific watershed land coverages measured at the source (optical proxies). The next step is to track those proxies from their respective sources to the coast, characterizing the dilution and transformative processes. Using analyses of discrete samples collected monthly from the subwatersheds, we have quantified optical proxies for both dissolved and particulate organic carbon, particulate carbon to nitrogen ratios and fluorophores unique to certain land coverages (e.g. wetlands, residence ponds, lumber mills, agriculture). We apply these proxies to in situ optical observations retrieved from sensors moored within the lower river and upper estuary to quantify the temporal patterns in the biogeochemical properties. To date we have approximately 2 years of observations, including the wettest year on record for the last century in this region. The proxies associated with the dissolved fraction are the most robust and provide signatures for both land coverage and for organic carbon concentration. Those associated with particles are robust proxies for carbon but are less informative about land coverage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceeding of Ocean Optics XVIII 9-13 October, 2006, Montreal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","usgsCitation":"Roesler, C.S., Barnard, A.H., Aiken, G., Huntington, T.G., Balch, W.B., and Xue, H., 2006, Using optical proxies for biogeochemical properties to study land coverage and terrestrial inputs of organic carbon into coastal waters from the Penobscot Watershed to the Gulf of Maine , in Proceeding of Ocean Optics XVIII 9-13 October, 2006, Montreal, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine, Penobscot 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H.","contributorId":219150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnard","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balch, W. B.","contributorId":219151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balch","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xue, H.","contributorId":219152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xue","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207880,"text":"70207880 - 2006 - Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T12:57:30","indexId":"70207880","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T12:40:32","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain","docAbstract":"Ecosystem forecasting is limited by a number of uncertainties including inadequate initialization information, unknown boundary conditions, inaccurate model physics and atmospheric forcing functions, and inadequate algorithm development of geomorphic and ecological responses to hydrodynamic and geophysical processes. Monitoring can help reduce these uncertainties by providing numerical information on those variables that can improve simulation capabilities. A data collection network was designed for the Mississippi River, south of Tarbert Landing, Ms. to Venice, La., and for the inland and nearshore waters of Barataria Basin, La. The network considered existing monitoring efforts that effectively link oceanographic and water quality observations to system drivers to support ecosystem hindcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting capabilities. The design was driven by the diverse needs of the modeling community and utilized questionnaire surveys, workshops, and web- based applications to inventory past and present modeling applications, domains, and attributes. The use of existing monitoring stations, including variables measured and frequency of data collection, were also considered, as well as recommendations on where new monitoring stations should be located, what types of data should be collected, and at what temporal frequency. Compiled databases are presented as a series of GIS layers to represent overlap between existing and requested stations, and priorities are established for either maintaining or augmenting existing stations or deploying new stations. An optimization plan will be prepared from the results of this study that will provide a rationale for the ecosystem forecasting data collection network that includes a description of existing monitoring programs to support ecosystem forecasting and a set of justifiable locations for \"megastations\" that meet the needs of the modeling and assessment communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal environment and water quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Publications","isbn":"9781887201476","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Owens, A., and Couvillion, B., 2006, Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain, chap. of Coastal environment and water quality, p. 431-442.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Mississppi River study domain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -88.824462890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -88.824462890625,\n 30.083354648756128\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 30.083354648756128\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, Alaina","contributorId":70491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Alaina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":210461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204490,"text":"70204490 - 2006 - An integrated monitoring approach using multiple reference sites to assess sustainable restoration in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T12:40:32","indexId":"70204490","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T12:29:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated monitoring approach using multiple reference sites to assess sustainable restoration in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Achieving sustainable resource management in coastal Louisiana requires establishing reference conditions that incorporate the goals and objectives of restoration efforts. Since the reference condition is usually considered sustainable, it can be a gauge to assess the present condition of a (degraded) system or to evaluate progress of management actions toward some target system state (the reference or desired conditions).
In 2003, the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) Task Force and the Louisiana State Wetlands Authority adopted the “Coastwide Reference Monitoring System -- Wetlands” (CRMS--Wetlands) for Louisiana. This system will provide data from multiple reference sites to explore the properties of a sustained reference condition. CRMS--Wetlands provides links between project-specific and system-wide objectives, criteria for selecting reference sites or conditions, a more robust statistical design, and critical monitoring variables. In addition, a system-wide assessment and monitoring plan (SWAMP) is being developed that incorporates and evaluates existing monitoring efforts (to the extent possible) within a system-wide experimental design. The SWAMP will integrate monitoring of biological, chemical, physical, and climatological variables in four modules: wetlands (CRMS--Wetlands), barrier islands, inshore waters and rivers, and nearshore coastal waters. Data and information collected under SWAMP will contribute to developing a systems-synthesis model for coastal Louisiana.
Regional restoration project leaders in coastal Louisiana acknowledge the mutual dependence of monitoring and modeling the coastal landscape. For example, experiments or measurements should not be conducted independently of modeling and vice versa. Assessment should be directed at reducing scientific uncertainty to improve confidence in modeling and monitoring tools and ultimately to assist management actions. An adaptive environmental assessment and management process prescribes modeling, monitoring, and research activities to be conducted from initial stages of restoration planning to optimize the ability to assess and achieve sustainable restoration.