Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing 3H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s with negligible 3H and CFC-12 from younger water. Low 3H levels in a considerable number of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in alkalinity and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic aquifer. Major cation concentrations are much higher in young water with high nitrate than those in uncontaminated old water. Chemical evolution of ground water resulting from silicate weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite–smectite phase boundary. The calcite saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of chemical fertilizer use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs.
On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical flow regimes. The analysis used shallow, slow water (shallow-water habitat, SWH, defined as depths between 0 and 1.5 m, and current velocities between 0 and 0.75 m/s) as an indicator of habitat that has been lost on many intensively engineered rivers and one that is thought to be especially important in rearing of young fishes. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for modern and historical channels of the Lower Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, indicate substantial differences between the two channels in total availability and spatial characteristics of SWH. In the modern channel, SWH is maximized at extremely low flows and in overbank flows, whereas the historical channel had substantially more SWH at all discharges and SWH increased with increasing discharge. The historical channel form produced 3-7 times the SWH area of the modern channel regardless of flow regime. The effect of flow regime is evident in increased within-year SWH variability with the natural flow regime, including significant seasonal peaks of SWH associated with spring flooding. Comparison with other reaches along the Lower Missouri River indicates that a) channel form is the dominant control of the availability of habitat even in reaches where the hydrograph is more intensively altered, and b) rehabilitation projects that move toward the historical condition can be successful in increasing topographic diversity and thereby decreasing sensitivity of the availability of habitat to flow regime. The relative efficacy of managing flow and form in creating SWH is useful information toward achieving socially acceptable rehabilitation of the ecosystem in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., and Galat, D., 2006, Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River: Geomorphology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 249-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1237e4b0c8380cd5420c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028049,"text":"70028049 - 2006 - Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:03:08","indexId":"70028049","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline","docAbstract":"1. Growth models for body mass and length were fitted to data collected from 1842 sea otters Enhydra lutris shot or live-captured throughout south-west Alaska between 1967 and 2004. Growth curves were constructed for each of two main year groups: 1967–71 when the population was at or near carrying capacity and 1992–97 when the population was in steep decline. Analyses of data collected from animals caught during 2004, when the population density was very low, were precluded by a small sample size and consequently only examined incidentally to the main growth curves.
2. Growth curves demonstrated a significant increase in body mass and body length at age in the 1990s. Asymptotic values of body mass were 12–18% higher in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s, and asymptotic values for body length were 10–11% higher between the same periods. Data collected in 2004 suggest a continued increase in body size, with nearly all data points for mass and length falling significantly above the 1990s growth curves.
3. In addition to larger asymptotic values for mass and length, the rate of growth towards asymptotic values was more rapid in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s: sea otters reached 95% of asymptotic body mass and body length 1–2 years earlier in the 1990s.
4. Body condition (as measured by the log mass/log length ratio) was significantly greater in males than in females. There was also an increasing trend from the 1960s/70s through 2004 despite much year-to-year variation.
5. Population age structures differed significantly between the 1960s/70s and the 1990s with the latter distribution skewed toward younger age classes (indicating an altered lxfunction) suggesting almost complete relaxation of age-dependent mortality patterns (i.e. those typical of food-limited populations).
6. This study spanned a period of time over which the population status of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago declined precipitously from levels at or near equilibrium densities at some islands in the 1960s/70s to < 5% of estimated carrying capacity by the late 1990s. The results of this study indicate an improved overall health of sea otters over the period of decline and suggest that limited nutritional resources were not the cause of the observed reduced population abundance. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the decline was caused by increased killer whale predation.
To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-Ca-Cl–type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) at near saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5–5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100–3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30–1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and CH4. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower but for the buffering by dissolution of carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. This rapid dissolution of carbonate and other minerals could ultimately create pathways in the rock seals or well cements for CO2 and brine leakage. Dissolution of minerals, especially iron oxyhydroxides, could mobilize toxic trace metals and, where residual oil or suitable organics are present, the injected CO2 could also mobilize toxic organic compounds. Environmental impacts could be major if large brine volumes with mobilized toxic metals and organics migrated into potable groundwater. The δ18O values for brine and CO2 samples indicate that supercritical CO2 comprises ∼50% of pore-fluid volume ∼6 mo after the end of injection. Postinjection sampling, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicates that the brine gradually will return to its preinjection composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22357.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Cole, D.R., Hovorka, S.D., Gunter, W., Knauss, K.G., and Freifeild, B.M., 2006, Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins: Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22357.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e0e4b0c8380cd54be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunter, W.D.","contributorId":14018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Freifeild, Barry M.","contributorId":42444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freifeild","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028056,"text":"70028056 - 2006 - Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028056","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands","docAbstract":"We present new stable-isotope data for the Mesoproterozoic Franklin Marble from outcrops along an 80-km traverse parallel to and across strike of the structural grain of the western New Jersey Highlands. Calcite and dolomite from marble have an average ??13C of 0.35??? ?? 0.73??? PDB (n = 46) and a more limited range than other Mesoproterozoic marbles from the Adirondacks and the Canadian Grenville Province. The small range of ??13C values from the New Jersey samples is consistent with the preservation of a primary marine isotopic signature and limited postdepositional isotopic modification, except proximal to Zn or Fe ore deposits and fault zones. Fractionations between calcite and well-formed graphite (??13C[Cal-Gr]) for analyzed Franklin Marble samples average 3.31???. ?? 0.25??? (n = 34), and dolomite-graphite fractionations average 3.07??? ?? 0.30??? (n = 6). Taken together, these indicate an average temperature of 769?? ?? 43??C during metamorphism associated with the Ottawan Orogeny in the New Jersey Highlands. Thus, carbon isotope fractionations demonstrate that the Franklin Marble was metamorphosed at granulite facies conditions. Metamorphic temperatures are relatively constant for the area sampled and overprint the metamorphosed carbonatehosted Zn-Fe-Mn ore deposits. The results of this study support recent work proposing that pressure and temperature conditions during Ottawan orogenesis did not vary greatly across faults that partition the Highlands into structural blocks. ?? 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/504181","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Peck, W., Volkert, R., Meredith, M., and Rader, E., 2006, Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands: Journal of Geology, v. 114, no. 4, p. 485-499, https://doi.org/10.1086/504181.","startPage":"485","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504181"},{"id":237048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f6e4b0c8380cd4b4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, W.H.","contributorId":74566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meredith, M.T.","contributorId":40406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rader, E.L.","contributorId":84558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028064,"text":"70028064 - 2006 - Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028064","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","docAbstract":"More than one type of shoreline indicator can be used in shoreline change analyses, and quantifying the effects of this practice on the resulting shoreline change rates is important. Comparison of three high water line (proxy-based) shorelines and a mean high water intercept (datum-based) shoreline collected from simultaneous aerial photographic and lidar surveys of a relatively steep reflective beach (tan ?? = 0.07), which experiences a moderately energetic wave climate (annual average Hs = 1.2 m), reveals an average horizontal offset of 18.8 m between the two types of shoreline indicators. Vertical offsets are also substantial and are correlated with foreshore beach slope and corresponding variations in wave runup. Incorporating the average horizontal offset into both a short-term, endpoint shoreline change analysis and a long-term, linear regression analysis causes rates to be shifted an average of -0.5 m/y and -0.1 m/y, respectively. The rate shift increases with increasing horizontal offset and decreasing measurement intervals and, depending on the rapidity of shoreline change rates, is responsible for varying degrees of analysis error. Our results demonstrate that under many circumstances, the error attributable to proxy-datum offsets is small relative to shoreline change rates and thus not important. Furthermore, we find that when the error associated with proxy-datum offsets is large enough to be important, the shoreline change rates themselves are not likely to be significant. A total water level model reveals that the high water line digitized by three independent coastal labs for this study was generated by a combination of large waves and a high tide several days before the collection of aerial photography. This illustrates the complexity of the high water line as a shoreline indicator and calls into question traditional definitions, which consider the high water line a wetted bound or \"marks left by the previous high tide.\".","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/04-0401.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2006, Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 894-905, https://doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1.","startPage":"894","endPage":"905","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1"},{"id":237155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f836e4b0c8380cd4cf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028066,"text":"70028066 - 2006 - Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028066","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","docAbstract":"In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (?? niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (?? niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co-occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This ?? niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (?? niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the ?? niche might have taken place throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of ?? niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Ackerly, D., Schwilk, D., and Webb, C., 2006, Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence: Ecology, v. 87, no. 7 SUPPL.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"7 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6637e4b0c8380cd72d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerly, D. D.","contributorId":94077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, C.O.","contributorId":57255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028067,"text":"70028067 - 2006 - Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028067","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","docAbstract":"Analyses of high-resolution seismic-reflection data and sediment cores indicate that an extensive sediment deposit on the central California continental shelf is comprised of several late-Pleistocene to Holocene age facies. Offshore of the littoral zone, in water depths of 30-90 m, a 3-6 m thick veneer of fine sediment referred to as the mid-shelf mudbelt has formed along 50-100 km of the coast. The mudbelt drapes a parasequence characterized by prograding clinoforms that in places overlies a 1-3 m thick basal transgressive lag deposit. These facies overlie a prominent erosional unconformity that extends from the shore to the outer shelf. Eighteen calibrated 14CAMS ages of marine molluscs and terrestrial wood detritus sampled in cores range 15,800 yr BP to modern indicating a postglacial age for these sediments (one >55,000 yr BP represents relict sand). We model accumulation of these facies using (1) the topography of the underlying erosional unconformity interpreted from seismic reflection profiles, (2) observed sediment facies (grain size) distribution across the shelf (a proxy for wave/current sediment partitioning), and published estimates of (3) eustatic sea-level history, and (4) regional tectonics. Our model and data indicate that deposition of the transgressive lag began during early, slow postglacial sea-level rise and that a notable change in depositional environment occurred across an area of more than 200 km2 of the outer shelf likely in response to abrupt drowning during Meltwater Pulse 1B (11,500 yr BP). We propose that rapid progradation of clinoforms may have occurred during transgression because of the unique interaction of modest rates of sediment input and tectonic uplift, variable rates of eustatic sea-level rise and a complex stepped antecedent topography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E.E., Eittreim, S., Field, M., and Wong, F.L., 2006, Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1217-1239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001.","startPage":"1217","endPage":"1239","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3be4b08c986b3187e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, E. E.","contributorId":96046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028074,"text":"70028074 - 2006 - Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028074","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","docAbstract":"Principal components analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to identify the primary modes of decadal and multidecadal variability in annual global Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values and sea-surface temperature (SSTs). The PDSI and SST data for 1925-2003 were detrended and smoothed (with a 10-year moving average) to isolate the decadal and multidecadal variability. The first two principal components (PCs) of the PDSI PCA explained almost 38% of the decadal and multidecadal variance in the detrended and smoothed global annual PDSI data. The first two PCs of detrended and smoothed global annual SSTs explained nearly 56% of the decadal variability in global SSTs. The PDSI PCs and the SST PCs are directly correlated in a pairwise fashion. The first PDSI and SST PCs reflect variability of the detrended and smoothed annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as well as detrended and smoothed annual Indian Ocean SSTs. The second set of PCs is strongly associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The SVD analysis of the cross-covariance of the PDSI and SST data confirmed the close link between the PDSI and SST modes of decadal and multidecadal variation and provided a verification of the PCA results. These findings indicate that the major modes of multidecadal variations in SSTs and land-surface climate conditions are highly interrelated through a small number of spatially complex but slowly varying teleconnections. Therefore, these relations may be adaptable to providing improved baseline conditions for seasonal climate forecasting. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/joc.1289","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Palecki, M., 2006, Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans: International Journal of Climatology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 849-865, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289.","startPage":"849","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289"},{"id":237328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a601fe4b0c8380cd712e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palecki, M.A.","contributorId":74489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palecki","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028077,"text":"70028077 - 2006 - The influence of hazard models on GIS-based regional risk assessments and mitigation policies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028077","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2069,"text":"International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of hazard models on GIS-based regional risk assessments and mitigation policies","docAbstract":"Geographic information systems (GIS) are important tools for understanding and communicating the spatial distribution of risks associated with natural hazards in regional economies. We present a GIS-based decision support system (DSS) for assessing community vulnerability to natural hazards and evaluating potential mitigation policy outcomes. The Land Use Portfolio Modeler (LUPM) integrates earth science and socioeconomic information to predict the economic impacts of loss-reduction strategies. However, the potential use of such systems in decision making may be limited when multiple but conflicting interpretations of the hazard are available. To explore this problem, we conduct a policy comparison using the LUPM to test the sensitivity of three available assessments of earthquake-induced lateral-spread ground failure susceptibility in a coastal California community. We find that the uncertainty regarding the interpretation of the science inputs can influence the development and implementation of natural hazard management policies. Copyright ?? 2006 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1504/IJRAM.2006.009537","issn":"14668297","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Rabinovici, S., Wood, N., and Dinitz, L., 2006, The influence of hazard models on GIS-based regional risk assessments and mitigation policies: International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, v. 6, no. 4-6, p. 369-387, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2006.009537.","startPage":"369","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2006.009537"},{"id":236836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad26e4b08c986b3239f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabinovici, S.J.M.","contributorId":103832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabinovici","given":"S.J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, N.J.","contributorId":7900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinitz, L.B.","contributorId":16192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinitz","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028079,"text":"70028079 - 2006 - Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA - Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028079","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA - Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics","docAbstract":"The osmium isotope ratios and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations of impact-melt rocks in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure were determined. The impact-melt rocks come from the cored part of a lower-crater section of suevitic crystalline-clast breccia in an 823 m scientific test hole over the central uplift at Cape Charles, Virginia. The 187Os/188Os ratios of impact-melt rocks range from 0.151 to 0.518. The rhenium and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations of these rocks are 30-270?? higher than concentrations in basement gneiss, and together with the osmium isotopes indicate a substantial meteoritic component in some impact-melt rocks. Because the PGE abundances in the impact-melt rocks are dominated by the target materials, interelemental ratios of the impact-melt rocks are highly variable and nonchondritic. The chemical nature of the projectile for the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cannot be constrained at this time. Model mixing calculations between chondritic and crustal components suggest that most impact-melt rocks include a bulk meteoritic component of 0.01-0.1% by mass. Several impact-melt rocks with lowest initial 187Os/188Os ratios and the highest osmium concentrations could have been produced by additions of 0.1%-0.2% of a meteoritic component. In these samples, as much as 70% of the total Os may be of meteoritic origin. At the calculated proportions of a meteoritic component (0.01-0.1% by mass), no mixtures of the investigated target rocks and sediments can reproduce the observed PGE abundances of the impact-melt rocks, suggesting that other PGE enrichment processes operated along with the meteoritic contamination. Possible explanations are 1) participation of unsampled target materials with high PGE abundances in the impact-melt rocks, and 2) variable fractionations of PGE during syn- to post-impact events. ?? The Meteoritical Society, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Horton, J.W., and Walker, R., 2006, Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA - Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 41, no. 6, p. 819-833.","startPage":"819","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9c3e4b0c8380cd4d77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, S.R.","contributorId":53148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028080,"text":"70028080 - 2006 - Satellite-derived, melt-season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000-2005) and its relationship to mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T10:56:51","indexId":"70028080","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite-derived, melt-season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000-2005) and its relationship to mass balance","docAbstract":"Mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet was measured for each melt season from 2000 to 2005 using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)–derived land-surface temperature (LST) data-product maps. During the period of most-active melt, the mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the ice sheet was highest in 2002 (−8.29 ± 5.29°C) and 2005 (−8.29 ± 5.43°C), compared to a 6-year mean of −9.04 ± 5.59°C, in agreement with recent work by other investigators showing unusually extensive melt in 2002 and 2005. Surface-temperature variability shows a correspondence with the dry-snow facies of the ice sheet; a reduction in area of the dry-snow facies would indicate a more-negative mass balance. Surface-temperature variability generally increased during the study period and is most pronounced in the 2005 melt season; this is consistent with surface instability caused by air-temperature fluctuations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026444","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Williams, R., Casey, K., DiGirolamo, N., and Wan, Z., 2006, Satellite-derived, melt-season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000-2005) and its relationship to mass balance: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 11, L11501; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026444.","productDescription":"L11501; 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026444","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f2e4b08c986b316203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, K.A.","contributorId":66035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiGirolamo, N.E.","contributorId":105110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGirolamo","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wan, Z.","contributorId":28797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028086,"text":"70028086 - 2006 - Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:02:41","indexId":"70028086","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","docAbstract":"In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Reyero, N., Barber, D., Gross, T., and Denslow, N., 2006, Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass: Marine Environmental Research, v. 62, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 415-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477467,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1810567","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049"}],"volume":"62","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c14e4b0c8380cd6f9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, David","contributorId":19747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Timothy","contributorId":40390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy","contributorId":26268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028087,"text":"70028087 - 2006 - Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028087","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA","docAbstract":"We used multiple logistic regression to model how different landscape conditions contributed to the probability of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural ranch lands. We used locations of livestock pastures, traditional livestock carcass disposal areas (boneyards), beehives, and wetland-riparian associated vegetation to model the locations of 178 reported human-grizzly bear conflicts along the Rocky Mountain East Front, Montana, USA during 1986-2001. We surveyed 61 livestock producers in the upper Teton watershed of north-central Montana, to collect spatial and temporal data on livestock pastures, boneyards, and beehives for the same period, accounting for changes in livestock and boneyard management and beehive location and protection, for each season. We used 2032 random points to represent the null hypothesis of random location relative to potential explanatory landscape features, and used Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC/AICC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics for model selection. We used a resulting \"best\" model to map contours of predicted probabilities of conflict, and used this map for verification with an independent dataset of conflicts to provide additional insights regarding the nature of conflicts. The presence of riparian vegetation and distances to spring, summer, and fall sheep or cattle pastures, calving and sheep lambing areas, unmanaged boneyards, and fenced and unfenced beehives were all associated with the likelihood of human-grizzly bear conflicts. Our model suggests that collections of attractants concentrated in high quality bear habitat largely explain broad patterns of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural land in our study area. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Wilson, S., Madel, M., Mattson, D., Graham, J., and Merrill, T., 2006, Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA: Biological Conservation, v. 130, no. 1, p. 47-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001.","startPage":"47","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001"},{"id":236979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4404e4b0c8380cd667a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madel, M.J.","contributorId":33111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, J.M.","contributorId":57651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merrill, T.","contributorId":89301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028092,"text":"70028092 - 2006 - Remote monitoring of fish in small streams: A unified approach using PIT tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:46:27","indexId":"70028092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote monitoring of fish in small streams: A unified approach using PIT tags","docAbstract":"Accurate assessments of fish populations are often limited by re-observation or recapture events. Since the early 1990s, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) have been used to understand the biology of many fish species. Until recently, PIT applications in small streams have been limited to physical recapture events. To maximize recapture probability, we constructed PIT antenna arrays in small streams to remotely detect individual fish. Experiences from two different laboratories (three case studies) allowed us to develop a unified approach to applying PIT technology for enhancing data assessments. Information on equipment, its installation, tag considerations, and array construction is provided. Theoretical and practical definitions are introduced to standardize metrics for assessing detection efficiency. We demonstrate how certain conditions (stream discharge, vibration, and ambient radio frequency noise) affect the detection efficiency and suggest that by monitoring these conditions, expectations of efficiency can be modified. We emphasize the importance of consistently estimating detection efficiency for fisheries applications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[492:RMOFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, G., Horton, G., Dubreuil, T., Letcher, B., Casey, S., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2006, Remote monitoring of fish in small streams: A unified approach using PIT tags: Fisheries, v. 31, no. 10, p. 492-502, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[492:RMOFIS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"492","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487558,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub/104","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[492:RMOFIS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6ede4b0c8380cd8510e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, G.B.","contributorId":78119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, G.","contributorId":53586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubreuil, T.","contributorId":8664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Letcher, B. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":14625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, S.","contributorId":80480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028094,"text":"70028094 - 2006 - Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028094","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"We monitored nest success of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) relative to distance from the nearest anthropogenic edges, such as fence lines, roads, and perimeters of crop fields, in 2003 and 2004. We located and observed 163 mountain plover nests in eastern Colorado (USA). At least one egg hatched in 81 of 163 nests. Successful nests occurred at a mean distance of 93.94 m ?? 8.87 SE, whereas unsuccessful nests were located 84.39 m ?? 8.95 SE from the nearest edge. Based on our model selection criteria (AIC c), nests farther from edges were not necessarily more successful than those closer to edges. The logistic regression coefficient for edge effects (0.13 ?? 0.12 SE) suggests that nests farther from edges are more successful. However, the standard error for the edge coefficient was large and the 95% confidence interval (-0.08, 0.35) encompassed zero, suggesting nest success was independent of distance from an anthropomorphic edge. We conclude that phenomena determining nest success of mountain plovers cannot be attributed to the single factor of anthropogenic edges in this fragmented landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mettenbrink, C., Dreitz, V., and Knopf, F., 2006, Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 191-196, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"191","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488101,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:nsompr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6487e4b0c8380cd729f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mettenbrink, C.W.","contributorId":40866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettenbrink","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028101,"text":"70028101 - 2006 - Instantaneous unit hydrograph evaluation for rainfall-runoff modeling of small watersheds in North and South Central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028101","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instantaneous unit hydrograph evaluation for rainfall-runoff modeling of small watersheds in North and South Central Texas","docAbstract":"Data from over 1,600 storms at 91 stations in Texas are analyzed to evaluate an instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) model for rainfall-runoff models. The model is fit to observed data using two different merit functions: a sum of squared errors function, and an absolute error at the peak discharge time (QpMAX) function. The model is compared to two other models using several criteria. Analysis suggests that the Natural Resources Conservation Service Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph, Commons' Texas hydrograph, and the Rayleigh IUH perform similarly. As the NRCS and Commons' models are tabulations, the Rayleigh model is an adequate substitute when a continuous model is necessary. The adjustable shape parameter in the Rayleigh model does not make any dramatic improvement in overall performance for these data, thus fixed shape hydrographs are adequate for these watersheds. ?? 2006 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:5(479)","issn":"07339437","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, T., He, X., Asquith, W., Fang, X., and Thompson, D., 2006, Instantaneous unit hydrograph evaluation for rainfall-runoff modeling of small watersheds in North and South Central Texas: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, v. 132, no. 5, p. 479-485, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:5(479).","startPage":"479","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:5(479)"},{"id":237191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c29e4b0c8380cd62b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, T.G.","contributorId":40094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, X.","contributorId":85540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fang, X.","contributorId":32288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, D.B.","contributorId":74418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028103,"text":"70028103 - 2006 - Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028103","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars","docAbstract":"The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Atlantic margin of Virginia is one of the largest and best-preserved \"wet-target\" craters on Earth. It provides an accessible analog for studying impact processes in layered and wet targets on volatile-rich planets. The CBIS formed in a layered target of water, weak clastic sediments, and hard crystalline rock. The buried structure consists of a deep, filled central crater, 38 km in width, surrounded by a shallower brim known as the annular trough. The annular trough formed partly by collapse of weak sediments, which expanded the structure to ???85 km in diameter. Such extensive collapse, in addition to excavation processes, can explain the \"inverted sombrero\" morphology observed at some craters in layered targets. The distribution of crater-fill materials i n the CBIS is related to the morphology. Suevitic breccia, including pre-resurge fallback deposits, is found in the central crater. Impact-modified sediments, formed by fluidization and collapse of water-saturated sand and silt-clay, occur in the annular trough. Allogenic sediment-clast breccia, interpreted as ocean-resurge deposits, overlies the other impactites and covers the entire crater beneath a blanket of postimpact sediments. The formation of chaotic terrains on Mars is attributed to collapse due to the release of volatiles from thick layered deposits. Some flat-floored rimless depressions with chaotic infill in these terrains are impact craters that expanded by collapse farther than expected for similar-sized complex craters in solid targets. Studies of crater materials in the CBIS provide insights into processes of crater expansion on Mars and their links to volatiles. ?? The Meteoritical Society, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Horton, J.W., Ormo, J., Powars, D., and Gohn, G.S., 2006, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 41, no. 10, p. 1613-1624.","startPage":"1613","endPage":"1624","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b3e4b0c8380cd4c38c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ormo, J.","contributorId":55626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ormo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powars, D.S.","contributorId":7303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028110,"text":"70028110 - 2006 - Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:06:12","indexId":"70028110","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","docAbstract":"The ubiquitous presence of nonylphenolethoxylate/octylphenolethoxylate (NPE/OPE) compounds in aquatic environments adjacent to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) warrants an assessment of the endocrine disrupting potential of these complex mixtures on aquatic vertebrates. In this study, fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 64 days to a mixture of NPE/OPE, which closely models the NPE/OPE composition of a major metropolitan WWTP effluent. Target exposure concentrations included a total NPE/OPE mixture load of 200% of the WWTP effluent concentration (148 μg/L), 100% of the WWTP effluent concentration (74 μg/L) and 50% of the WWTP effluent concentration (38 μg/L). The NPE/OPE mixture contained 0.2% 4-t-octylphenol, 2.8% 4-nonylphenol, 5.1% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxylate, 9.3% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate, 0.9% 4-t-octylphenolmonoethoxylate, 3.1% 4-t-octylphenoldiethoxylate, 33.8% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate, and 44.8% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate. An additional exposure of 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol (nominal) was conducted. The exposure utilized a flow-through system supplied by ground water and designed to deliver consistent concentrations of applied chemicals. Following exposure, larvae were raised to maturity. Upon sexual maturation, exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males in a competitive spawning assay. Nest holding ability of control and exposed fish was carefully monitored for 7 days. All male fish were then sacrificed and analyzed for plasma vitellogenin, developmental changes in gonadal tissues, alterations in the development of secondary sexual characters, morphometric changes, and changes to reproductive behavior. When exposed to the 200% NPE/OPE treatment most larvae died within the first 4 weeks of exposure. Both the 100% and 50% NPE/OPE exposures caused a significant decrease in reproductive behavior, as indicated by an inability of many of the previously exposed males to acquire and hold a nest site required for reproduction. In contrast, the 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposure resulted in significantly enhanced reproductive behavior compared to that of control males and a majority of the nesting sites were held by previously exposed males. No significant change in the development of gonadal tissues was observed. The 100% NPE/OPE exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the gonadal somatic index and in the prominence of secondary sexual characteristics of exposed larvae. This study indicates that NPE/OPE mixtures have an effect on the reproductive competence of previously exposed male fathead minnows. In addition, 4-nonylphenol concentrations utilized in all exposures were below regulatory guidelines, suggesting that evaluation of 4-nonylphenol alone may not be sufficient for identifying potentially adverse effects of this suite of compounds usually found as mixtures in the aquatic environment.
The temporal signature of thermal emission from a volcano is a valuable clue to the processes taking place both at and beneath the surface. The Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) observed the volcano Prometheus, on the jovian moon Io, on multiple occasions between 1996 and 2002. The 5 micron (μm) brightness of this volcano shows considerable variation from orbit to orbit. Prometheus exhibits increases in thermal emission that indicate episodic (though non-periodic) effusive activity in a manner akin to the current Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha (afterwards referred to as the Pu'u 'O'o) eruption of Kilauea, Hawai'i. The volume of material erupted during one Prometheus eruption episode (defined as the interval from minimum thermal emission to peak and back to minimum) from 6 November 1996 to 7 May 1997 is estimated to be ∼0.8 km3, with a peak instantaneous volumetric flux (effusion rate) of ∼140 m3 s−1, and an averaged volumetric flux (eruption rate) of ∼49 m3 s−1. These quantities are used to model subsurface structure, magma storage and magma supply mechanisms, and likely magma chamber depth. Prometheus appears to be supplied by magma from a relatively shallow magma chamber, with a roof at a minimum depth of ∼2–3 km and a maximum depth of ∼14 km. This is a much shallower depth range than sources of supply proposed for explosive, possibly ultramafic, eruptions at Pillan and Tvashtar. As Prometheus-type effusive activity is widespread on Io, shallow magma chambers containing magma of basaltic or near-basaltic composition and density may be common. This analysis strengthens the analogy between Prometheus and Pu'u 'O'o, at least in terms of eruption style. Even though the style of eruption appears to be similar (effusive emplacement of thin, insulated, compound pahoehoe flows) the scale of activity at Prometheus greatly exceeds current activity at Pu'u 'O'o in terms of volume erupted, area covered, and magma flux. Whereas the estimated magma chamber at Prometheus dwarfs the Pu'u 'O'o magma chamber, it fits within expectations if the Pu'u 'O'o chamber were scaled for the greater volumetric flux and lower gravity of Io. Recent volumetric eruption rates derived from Galileodata for Prometheus were considerably smaller than the rate that produced the extensive flows formed in the ∼17 years between the Voyager and Galileo missions. These smaller eruption rates, coupled with the fact that flows are not expanding laterally, may mean that the immediate heat source that generates the Prometheus plume is simultaneously running out of available volatiles and the thermal energy that drives mobilization of volatiles. This raises the question of whether the current Prometheus eruption is in its last throes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Wilson, L., Matson, D., Leone, G., Keszthelyi, L., and Jaeger, W.L., 2006, The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io: Icarus, v. 184, no. 2, p. 460-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb1e4b08c986b323686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Lionel","contributorId":82203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Lionel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, Dennis","contributorId":210503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leone, Giovanni","contributorId":18250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leone","given":"Giovanni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028116,"text":"70028116 - 2006 - Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:13:31","indexId":"70028116","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","title":"Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","docAbstract":"Diurnal time-activity budgets were determined for wintering redheads (Aythya americana) from estuarine seagrass beds in Louisiana (Chandeleur Sound) and Texas (Laguna Madre) and from ponds adjacent to the Laguna Madre. Activities differed (p<0.0001) by location, month, and diurnal time period. Resting and feeding were the most frequent activities of redheads at the two estuarine sites, whereas drinking was almost nonexistent. Birds on ponds in Texas engaged most frequently in resting and drinking, but feeding was very infrequent. Redheads from the Louisiana estuarine site rested less than birds in Texas at either the Laguna Madre or freshwater ponds. Redheads in Louisiana fed more than birds in Texas; this was partially because of weather differences (colder temperatures in Louisiana), but the location effect was still significant even when we adjusted the model for weather effects. Redheads in Louisiana showed increased resting and decreased feeding as winter progressed, but redheads in Texas did not exhibit a seasonal pattern in either resting or feeding. In Louisiana, birds maintained a high level of feeding activity during the early morning throughout the winter, whereas afternoon feeding tapered off in mid- to late-winter. Texas birds showed a shift from morning feeding in early winter to afternoon feeding in late winter. Males and females at both Chandeleur Sound and Laguna Madre showed differences in their activities, but because the absolute difference seldom exceeded 2%, biological significance is questionable. Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads on the wintering grounds are influenced by water salinities and the use of dietary fresh water, as well as by weather conditions, tides, and perhaps vegetation differences between sites. The opportunity to osmoregulate via dietary freshwater, vs. via nasal salt glands, may have a significant effect on behavioral allocations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0058-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Michot, T., Woodin, M., Adair, S., and Moser, E., 2006, Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 113-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0058-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 27.868216579514076\n ],\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 27.868216579514076\n ],\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 25.83697740052369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 29.191731712018708\n ],\n [\n -89.17739868164062,\n 29.191731712018708\n ],\n [\n -89.17739868164062,\n 30.27211440480969\n ],\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 30.27211440480969\n ],\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 29.191731712018708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0341e4b0c8380cd503b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodin, M.C.","contributorId":97307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adair, S.E.","contributorId":8276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adair","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, E.B.","contributorId":6243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028118,"text":"70028118 - 2006 - Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","docAbstract":"A mesoscale (21??m in flow distance) infiltration and seepage test was recently conducted in a deep, unsaturated fractured rock system at the crossover point of two underground tunnels. Water was released from a 3??m ?? 4??m infiltration plot on the floor of an alcove in the upper tunnel, and seepage was collected from the ceiling of a niche in the lower tunnel. Significant temporal and (particularly) spatial variabilities were observed in both measured infiltration and seepage rates. To analyze the test results, a three-dimensional unsaturated flow model was used. A column-based scheme was developed to capture heterogeneous hydraulic properties reflected by these spatial variabilities observed. Fracture permeability and van Genuchten ?? parameter [van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892-898] were calibrated for each rock column in the upper and lower hydrogeologic units in the test bed. The calibrated fracture properties for the infiltration and seepage zone enabled a good match between simulated and measured (spatially varying) seepage rates. The numerical model was also able to capture the general trend of the highly transient seepage processes through a discrete fracture network. The calibrated properties and measured infiltration/seepage rates were further compared with mapped discrete fracture patterns at the top and bottom boundaries. The measured infiltration rates and calibrated fracture permeability of the upper unit were found to be partially controlled by the fracture patterns on the infiltration plot (as indicated by their positive correlations with fracture density). However, no correlation could be established between measured seepage rates and density of fractures mapped on the niche ceiling. This lack of correlation indicates the complexity of (preferential) unsaturated flow within the discrete fracture network. This also indicates that continuum-based modeling of unsaturated flow in fractured rock at mesoscale or a larger scale is not necessarily conditional explicitly on discrete fracture patterns. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Q., Salve, R., Liu, H., Wang, J., and Hudson, D., 2006, Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 96-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001.","startPage":"96","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001"},{"id":236947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Q. 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":93164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salve, R.","contributorId":37516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salve","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, J.S.Y.","contributorId":20529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, D.","contributorId":101064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028120,"text":"70028120 - 2006 - Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:21:51","indexId":"70028120","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","docAbstract":"Oil stranded as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted for >10 years at study sites on Gulf of Alaska shores distant from the spill's origin. These sites were contaminated by \"oil mousse\", which persists in these settings due to armoring of underlying sediments and their included oil beneath boulders. The boulder-armored beaches that we resampled in 1999 showed continued contamination by subsurface oil, despite their exposure to moderate to high wave energies. Significant declines in surface oil cover occurred at all study sites. In contrast, mousse has persisted under boulders in amounts similar to what was present in 1994 and probably in 1989. Especially striking is the general lack of weathering of this subsurface oil over the last decade. Oil at five of the six armored-beach sites 10 years after the spill is compositionally similar to 11-day old Exxon Valdez oil. Analysis of movements in the boulder-armor that covers the study beaches reveals that only minor shifts have occurred since 1994, suggesting that over the last five, and probably over the last 10 years, boulder-armors have remained largely unmoved at the study sites. These findings emphasize the importance of particular geomorphic parameters in determining stranded oil persistence. Surface armoring, combined with stranding of oil mousse, results in the unexpectedly lengthy persistence of only lightly to moderately weathered oil within otherwise high-energy wave environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G.V., Mann, D.H., and Short, J.W., 2006, Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 52, no. 9, p. 1011-1022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1022","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e0e4b0c8380cd7836a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":26602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}