{"pageNumber":"992","pageRowStart":"24775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40811,"records":[{"id":70030834,"text":"70030834 - 2006 - Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030834","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","docAbstract":"The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/ salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, J., Kruse, S., and Swarzenski, P., 2006, Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 292-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x.","startPage":"292","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x"},{"id":238731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e40e4b0c8380cd5337f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, J.","contributorId":95264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":49156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028984,"text":"70028984 - 2006 - Translating CFC-based piston ages into probability density functions of ground-water age in karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028984","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translating CFC-based piston ages into probability density functions of ground-water age in karst","docAbstract":"Temporal age distributions are equivalent to probability density functions (PDFs) of transit time. The type and shape of a PDF provides important information related to ground-water mixing at the well or spring and the complex nature of flow networks in karst aquifers. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations measured for samples from 12 locations in the karstic Madison aquifer were used to evaluate the suitability of various PDF types for this aquifer. Parameters of PDFs could not be estimated within acceptable confidence intervals for any of the individual sites. Therefore, metrics derived from CFC-based apparent ages were used to evaluate results of PDF modeling in a more general approach. The ranges of these metrics were established as criteria against which families of PDFs could be evaluated for their applicability to different parts of the aquifer. Seven PDF types, including five unimodal and two bimodal models, were evaluated. Model results indicate that unimodal models may be applicable to areas close to conduits that have younger piston (i.e., apparent) ages and that bimodal models probably are applicable to areas farther from conduits that have older piston ages. The two components of a bimodal PDF are interpreted as representing conduit and diffuse flow, and transit times of as much as two decades may separate these PDF components. Areas near conduits may be dominated by conduit flow, whereas areas farther from conduits having bimodal distributions probably have good hydraulic connection to both diffuse and conduit flow. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.004","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2006, Translating CFC-based piston ages into probability density functions of ground-water age in karst: Journal of Hydrology, v. 330, no. 3-4, p. 735-747, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.004.","startPage":"735","endPage":"747","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.004"},{"id":236629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb716e4b08c986b327059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035286,"text":"70035286 - 2006 - Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Performance of a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain hinges partly on long-term structural stability of the mountain, its susceptibility to tectonic disruption that includes fault displacement, seismic ground motion, and igneous intrusion. Because of the uncertainty involved with long-term (10,000 yr minimum) prediction of tectonic events (e.g., earthquakes) and the incomplete understanding of the history of strain and its mechanisms in the Yucca Mountain region, a tectonic model is needed. A tectonic model should represent the structural assemblage of the mountain in its tectonic setting and account for that assemblage through a history of deformation in which all of the observed deformation features are linked in time and space. Four major types of tectonic models have been proposed for Yucca Mountain: a caldera model; simple shear (detachment fault) models; pure shear (planar fault) models; and lateral shear models. Most of the models seek to explain local features in the context of well-accepted regional deformation mechanisms. Evaluation of the models in light of site characterization shows that none of them completely accounts for all the known tectonic features of Yucca Mountain or is fully compatible with the deformation history. The Yucca Mountain project does not endorse a preferred tectonic model. However, most experts involved in the probabilistic volcanic hazards analysis and the probabilistic seismic hazards analysis preferred a planar fault type model. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(04)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 105-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(04).","startPage":"105","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(04)"},{"id":243329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba476e4b08c986b320356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030222,"text":"70030222 - 2006 - Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T15:10:27","indexId":"70030222","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera","docAbstract":"The Yellowstone caldera, in the western United States, formed ![\"approx\"](\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\")
640,000 years ago when an explosive eruption ejected 1,000 km3 of material1. It is the youngest of a series of large calderas that formed during sequential cataclysmic eruptions that began 16 million years ago in eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Yellowstone caldera was largely buried by rhyolite lava flows during eruptions that occurred from 150,000 to 70,000 years ago1. Since the last eruption, Yellowstone has remained restless, with high seismicity, continuing uplift/subsidence episodes with movements of 70 cm historically2 to several metres since the Pleistocene epoch3, and intense hydrothermal activity. Here we present observations of a new mode of surface deformation in Yellowstone, based on radar interferometry observations from the European Space Agency ERS-2 satellite. We infer that the observed pattern of uplift and subsidence results from variations in the movement of molten basalt into and out of the Yellowstone volcanic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","doi":"10.1038/nature04507","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., Thatcher, W., Dzurisin, D., and Svarc, J., 2006, Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera: Nature, v. 440, no. 7080, p. 72-75, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04507.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0882568359375,\n 44.25110134697976\n ],\n [\n -111.0882568359375,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -110.0775146484375,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -110.0775146484375,\n 44.25110134697976\n ],\n [\n -111.0882568359375,\n 44.25110134697976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"440","issue":"7080","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd2ae4b08c986b328ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, Charles W.","contributorId":52048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne","contributorId":35325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry","contributorId":82012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030825,"text":"70030825 - 2006 - Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030825","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems","docAbstract":"Transient numerical simulations of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatland near the Red Lakes in Northern Minnesota were constructed to evaluate observed reversals in vertical ground-water flow. Seasonal weather changes were introduced to a ground-water flow model by varying evapotranspiration and recharge over time. Vertical hydraulic reversals, driven by changes in recharge and evapotranspiration were produced in the simulated peat layer. These simulations indicate that the high specific storage associated with the peat is an important control on hydraulic reversals. Seasonally driven vertical flow is on the order of centimeters in the deep peat, suggesting that seasonal vertical advective fluxes are not significant and that ground-water flow into the deep peat likely occurs on decadal or longer time scales. Particles tracked within the ground-water flow model oscillate over time, suggesting that seasonal flow reversals will enhance vertical mixing in the peat column. The amplitude of flow path oscillations increased with increasing peat storativity, with amplitudes of about 5 cm occurring when peat specific storativity was set to about 0.05 m-1. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reeve, A., Evensen, R., Glaser, P., Siegel, D.I., and Rosenberry, D., 2006, Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 316, no. 1-4, p. 313-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005.","startPage":"313","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005"},{"id":238594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ce4b0c8380cd54256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evensen, R.","contributorId":7080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evensen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.","contributorId":39338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030822,"text":"70030822 - 2006 - Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030822","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock","docAbstract":"Permeable bedrock aquifers in arid regions are being increasingly developed as water supplies, yet little is generally known about recharge processes and spatial and temporal variability. Environmental tracers from boreholes were used in this study to investigate net infiltration and recharge to the fractured Navajo Sandstone aquifer. Vadose zone tracer profiles at the Sand Hollow study site in southwestern Utah look similar to those of desert soils at other sites, indicating the predominance of matrix flow. However, recharge rates are generally higher in the Navajo Sandstone than in unconsolidated soils in similar climates because the sandstone matrix allows water movement but not root penetration. Water enters the vadose zone either as direct infiltration of precipitation through exposed sandstone and sandy soils or as focused infiltration of runoff. Net infiltration and recharge exhibit extreme spatial variability. High-recharge borehole sites generally have large amounts of vadose zone tritium, low chloride concentrations, and small vadose zone oxygen-18 evaporative shifts. Annual net-infiltration and recharge rates at different locations range from about 1 to 60 mm as determined using vadose zone tritium, 0 to 15 mm using vadose zone chloride, and 3 to 60 mm using groundwater chloride. Environmental tracers indicate a cyclical net-infiltration and recharge pattern, with higher rates earlier in the Holocene and lower rates during the late Holocene, and a return to higher rates during recent decades associated with anomalously high precipitation during the latter part of the 20th century. The slightly enriched stable isotopic composition of modern groundwater indicates this recent increase in precipitation may be caused by a stronger summer monsoon or winter southern Pacific El Nin??o storm track. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0002","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Solomon, D.K., and Gardner, P., 2006, Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0002.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0002"},{"id":238559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f216e4b0c8380cd4afd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, P.M.","contributorId":103075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030280,"text":"70030280 - 2006 - Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030280","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm","docAbstract":"Using a genetic algorithm to solve an inverse problem of complex nonlinear geophysical equations is advantageous because it does not require computer gradients of models or \"good\" initial models. The multi-point search of a genetic algorithm makes it easier to find the globally optimal solution while avoiding falling into a local extremum. As is the case in other optimization approaches, the search efficiency for a genetic algorithm is vital in finding desired solutions successfully in a multi-dimensional model space. A binary-encoding genetic algorithm is hardly ever used to resolve an optimization problem such as a simple geophysical inversion with only three unknowns. The encoding mechanism, genetic operators, and population size of the genetic algorithm greatly affect search processes in the evolution. It is clear that improved operators and proper population size promote the convergence. Nevertheless, not all genetic operations perform perfectly while searching under either a uniform binary or a decimal encoding system. With the binary encoding mechanism, the crossover scheme may produce more new individuals than with the decimal encoding. On the other hand, the mutation scheme in a decimal encoding system will create new genes larger in scope than those in the binary encoding. This paper discusses approaches of exploiting the search potential of genetic operations in the two encoding systems and presents an approach with a hybrid-encoding mechanism, multi-point crossover, and dynamic population size for geophysical inversion. We present a method that is based on the routine in which the mutation operation is conducted in the decimal code and multi-point crossover operation in the binary code. The mix-encoding algorithm is called the hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm (HEGA). HEGA provides better genes with a higher probability by a mutation operator and improves genetic algorithms in resolving complicated geophysical inverse problems. Another significant result is that final solution is determined by the average model derived from multiple trials instead of one computation due to the randomness in a genetic algorithm procedure. These advantages were demonstrated by synthetic and real-world examples of inversion of potential-field data. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., Xia, J., Liu, J., and Feng, G., 2006, Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 2, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008"},{"id":239263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6786e4b0c8380cd73397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feng, G.","contributorId":9456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030286,"text":"70030286 - 2006 - Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field","docAbstract":"Increased levels of natural gas exploration, development, and production across the Intermountain West have created a variety of concerns for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations, including direct habitat loss to road and well-pad construction and indirect habitat losses that may occur if deer use declines near roads or well pads. We examined winter habitat selection patterns of adult female mule deer before and during the first 3 years of development in a natural gas field in western Wyoming. We used global positioning system (GPS) locations collected from a sample of adult female mule deer to model relative frequency or probability of use as a function of habitat variables. Model coefficients and predictive maps suggested mule deer were less likely to occupy areas in close proximity to well pads than those farther away. Changes in habitat selection appeared to be immediate (i.e., year 1 of development), and no evidence of well-pad acclimation occurred through the course of the study; rather, mule deer selected areas farther from well pads as development progressed. Lower predicted probabilities of use within 2.7 to 3.7 km of well pads suggested indirect habitat losses may be substantially larger than direct habitat losses. Additionally, some areas classified as high probability of use by mule deer before gas field development changed to areas of low use following development, and others originally classified as low probability of use were used more frequently as the field developed. If areas with high probability of use before development were those preferred by the deer, observed shifts in their distribution as development progressed were toward less-preferred and presumably less-suitable habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, L., 2006, Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396-403, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"396","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd153e4b08c986b32f372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, H.","contributorId":59910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindzey, F.","contributorId":76113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, L.L.","contributorId":19906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030532,"text":"70030532 - 2006 - Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","docAbstract":"We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001214","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214"},{"id":239349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e8e4b0c8380cd5e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jansen, E.","contributorId":45514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030521,"text":"70030521 - 2006 - Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:56:42","indexId":"70030521","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes controlling As solubility in oxidized surface sediments where arsenate [As(V)] is dominant. This study examined the relationship between sorption processes and arsenic solubility in shallow sediments from the dry Tulare Lake bed by determining sorption isotherms, pH effect on solubility, and desorption-readsorption behavior (hysteresis), and by using a surface complexation model to describe sorption. The sediments showed a high capacity to adsorb As(V). Estimates of the maximum adsorption capacity were 92 mg As kg- 1 at pH 7.5 and 70 mg As kg- 1 at pH 8.5 obtained using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Soluble arsenic [> 97% As(V)] did not increase dramatically until above pH 10. In the native pH range (7.5-8.5), soluble As concentrations were close to the lowest, indicating that As was strongly retained on the sediment. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model, was able to provide a simultaneous fit to both adsorption isotherms (pH 7.5 and 8.5) and the adsorption envelope (pH effect on soluble As), although the data ranges are one order of magnitude different. A hysteresis phenomenon between As adsorbed on the sediment and As in solution phase was observed in the desorption-readsorption processes and differs from conventional hysteresis observed in adsorption-desorption processes. The cause is most likely due to modification of adsorbent surfaces in sediment samples upon extensive extractions (or desorption). The significance of the hysteresis phenomenon in affecting As solubility and mobility may be better understood by further microscopic studies of As interaction mechanisms with sediments subjected to extensive leaching in natural environments. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Gao, S., Goldberg, S., Herbel, M., Chalmers, A., Fujii, R., and Tanji, K., 2006, Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California: Chemical Geology, v. 228, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017"}],"volume":"228","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9311e4b08c986b31a289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, S.","contributorId":48725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, S.","contributorId":64888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanji, K.K.","contributorId":31161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanji","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194214,"text":"70194214 - 2006 - Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:49:19","indexId":"70194214","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3876,"text":"International Journal of River Basin Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"Integration of biological and physical concepts is necessary to understand and conserve the ecological integrity of river systems. Past attempts at integration have often focused at relatively small scales and on mechanistic models that may not capture the complexity of natural systems leaving substantial uncertainty about ecological responses to management actions. Two solutions have been proposed to guide management in the face of that uncertainty: the use of “natural variability” in key environmental patterns, processes, or disturbance as a reference; and the retention of some areas as essentially unmanaged reserves to conserve and represent as much biological diversity as possible. Both concepts are scale dependent because dominant processes or patterns that might be referenced will change with scale. Context and linkages across scales may be as important in structuring biological systems as conditions within habitats used by individual organisms. Both ideas view the physical environment as a template for expression, maintenance, and evolution of ecological diversity. To conserve or restore a diverse physical template it will be important to recognize the ecologically important differences in physical characteristics and processes among streams or watersheds that we might attempt to mimic in management or represent in conservation or restoration reserves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15715124.2006.9635279","usgsCitation":"Rieman, B., Dunham, J.B., and Clayton, J., 2006, Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA: International Journal of River Basin Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635279.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142de4b06e28e9c2587c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rieman, Bruce","contributorId":101140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, James","contributorId":92879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clayton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030331,"text":"70030331 - 2006 - Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030331","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves is a developing method widely used in shallow subsurface investigations. The field procedures and related parameters are very important for successful applications. Among these parameters, the source-receiver offset range is seldom discussed in theory and normally determined by empirical or semi-quantitative methods in current practice. This paper discusses the problem from a theoretical perspective. A formula for quantitatively evaluating a layered homogenous elastic model was developed. The analytical results based on simple models and experimental data demonstrate that the formula is correct for surface wave surveys for near-surface applications. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Xia, J., and Miller, R., 2006, Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 59, no. 2, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9216e4b0c8380cd80649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030330,"text":"70030330 - 2006 - Effects of abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas on migration, reproduction, and survival of Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:54:23","indexId":"70030330","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas on migration, reproduction, and survival of Canada geese","docAbstract":"Abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas are increasingly used to monitor movements, survival, and reproduction of waterbirds. However, there has been relatively little assessment of the effects of such radios on avian demographic parameters or migration. We implanted either a 26- or 35-g abdominal transmitter with percutaneous antenna in 198 adult female lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) in Anchorage, Alaska during 2000 and 2001. We compared migration chronology, reproductive effort, and survival of radiomarked females to 118 control females marked with leg bands. Arrival dates following spring migration were similar among females in different treatments in 2001. However, in 2002, wind direction during late migration was less favorable, and arrival of females with 35-g radiotransmitters lagged 1–2 days behind that of control females. Nest initiation dates, clutch size, and mean egg volume were similar for 152 nests of females that lacked radios and 62 nests of radiomarked females. Estimated nesting propensity for females with operable radiotransmitters was 61% and 72% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Apparent annual survival (ϕ = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.87) was similar among treatments in the first year after geese were marked. In the second and third years after marking, model-averaged estimates for survival of females with large radiotransmitters were 10% lower than estimates for control females. However, the effect of large radios on long-term survival was equivocal because of uncertainty surrounding treatment estimates. We conclude that abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas had small effects on migration chronology but no apparent effects on fecundity. Abdominal transmitters can provide unbiased estimates of anserine survival in the first year after deployment. Because of the potentially greater effects of larger transmitters on migration and long-term survival, we recommend that biologists minimize the size of implanted transmitters and deploy radios with caution if long-term survival of marked birds is a concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[812:EOAIRW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Pearce, J.M., Mulcahy, D.M., and Miller, D.A., 2006, Effects of abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas on migration, reproduction, and survival of Canada geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 812-822, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[812:EOAIRW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"822","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0674e4b0c8380cd51259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028957,"text":"70028957 - 2006 - Integrating field research, modeling and remote sensing to quantify morphodynamics in a high-energy coastal setting, ocean beach, San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028957","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating field research, modeling and remote sensing to quantify morphodynamics in a high-energy coastal setting, ocean beach, San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"Wave and coastal circulation modeling are combined with multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution beach surveys, cross-shore Personal Water Craft surveys, digital bed sediment camera surveys, and real-time video monitoring to quantify morphological change and nearshore processes at Ocean Beach, San Francisco. Initial SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) wave modeling results show a focusing of wave energy at the location of an erosion hot spot on the southern end of Ocean Beach during prevailing northwest swell conditions. During El Nin??o winters, swell out of the west and southwest dominates the region, and although the wave energy is focused further to the north on Ocean Beach, the oblique wave approach sets up a strong northerly littoral drift, thereby starving the southern end of sediment, leaving it increasingly vulnerable to wave attack when the persistent northwest swell returns. An accurate assessment of the interaction between wave and tidal processes is crucial for evaluating coastal management options in an area that includes the annual dredging and disposal of ship channel sediment and an erosion hot spot that is posing a threat to local infrastructure. Copyright ASCE 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceTitle":"5th Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceDate":"4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40855(214)96","isbn":"0784408556; 9780784408551","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., and Hanes, D., 2006, Integrating field research, modeling and remote sensing to quantify morphodynamics in a high-energy coastal setting, ocean beach, San Francisco, California, in Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference, Barcelona, 4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)96.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)96"},{"id":236491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c78e4b0c8380cd62d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028989,"text":"70028989 - 2006 - Seed dispersal in fens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028989","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seed dispersal in fens","docAbstract":"Question: How does seed dispersal reduce fen isolation and contribute to biodiversity? Location: European and North American fens. Methods: This paper reviews the literature on seed dispersal to fens. Results: Landscape fragmentation may reduce dispersal opportunities thereby isolating fens and reducing genetic exchange. Species in fragmented wetlands may have lower reproductive success, which can lead to biodiversity loss. While fens may have always been relatively isolated from each other, they have become increasingly fragmented in modern times within agricultural and urban landscapes in both Europe and North America. Dispersal by water, animals and wind has been hampered by changes related to development in landscapes surrounding fens. Because the seeds of certain species are long-lived in the seed bank, frequent episodes of dispersal are not always necessary to maintain the biodiversity of fens. However, of particular concern to restoration is that some dominant species, such as the tussock sedge Carex stricta, may not disperse readily between fens. Conclusions: Knowledge of seed dispersal can be used to maintain and restore the biodiversity of fens in fragmented landscapes. Given that development has fragmented landscapes and that this situation is not likely to change, the dispersal of seeds might be enhanced by moving hay or cattle from fens to damaged sites, or by reestablishing lost hydrological connections. ?? IAVS; Opulus Press.","largerWorkTitle":"Applied Vegetation Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[279:SDIF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"14022001","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Van Diggelen, R., and Jensen, K., 2006, Seed dispersal in fens, in Applied Vegetation Science, v. 9, no. 2, p. 279-284, https://doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[279:SDIF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209910,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[279:SDIF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8abee4b08c986b317352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Diggelen, R.","contributorId":88935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Diggelen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, K.","contributorId":103459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030315,"text":"70030315 - 2006 - The sand seas of titan: Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T08:25:36","indexId":"70030315","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sand seas of titan: Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes","docAbstract":"The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show ∼100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of ∼0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Research","doi":"10.1126/science.1123257","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, R.D., Wall, S., Radebaugh, J., Boubin, G., Reffet, E., Janssen, M., Stofan, E., Lopes, R., Kirk, R.L., Elachi, C., Lunine, J., Mitchell, K., Paganelli, F., Soderblom, L.A., Wood, C., Wye, L., Zebker, H., Anderson, Y., Ostro, S., Allison, M., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Encrenaz, P., Ori, G., Francescetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Johnson, W., Kelleher, K., Muhleman, D., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Roth, L., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Stiles, B., Vetrella, S., Flamini, E., and West, R., 2006, The sand seas of titan: Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes: Science, v. 312, no. 5774, p. 724-727, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123257.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"727","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141117-150528360","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"312","issue":"5774","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafb1e4b08c986b32499e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radebaugh, J.","contributorId":34639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boubin, G.","contributorId":86971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boubin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reffet, E.","contributorId":66063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reffet","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Janssen, M.","contributorId":22893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stofan, E.","contributorId":99268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lopes, R.","contributorId":61554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 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C.","contributorId":27674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wye, L.","contributorId":40333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wye","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Anderson, Y.","contributorId":60369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ostro, 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D.","contributorId":82515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhleman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Picardi, G.","contributorId":21674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Posa, F.","contributorId":43552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Seu, R.","contributorId":53509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Shaffer, S.","contributorId":89709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Flamini, E.","contributorId":68087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flamini","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70030312,"text":"70030312 - 2006 - KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","docAbstract":"Slug and pumping tests (hydraulic tests) are frequently used by hydrogeologists to obtain in-situ estimates of the transmissive and storage properties of a formation (Streltsova, 1988; Kruseman and de Ridder, 1990; Butler, 1998). In aquifers of high hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic tests are affected by mechanisms that are not considered in the analysis of tests in less permeable media (Bredehoeft et al., 1966). Inertia-induced oscillations in hydraulic head are the most common manifestation of such mechanisms. Over the last three decades, a number of analytical solutions that incorporate these mechanisms have been developed for the analysis of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers (see Butler and Zhan (2004) for a review of this previous work). These solutions, however, are restricted to a subset of the conditions commonly encountered in the field. Recently, a more general solution has been developed that builds on this previous work to remove many of the limitations imposed by these earlier approaches (Butler and Zhan, 2004). The purpose of this note is to present a Fortran 90 program, KGS-HighK, for the evaluation of this new solution. This note begins with a brief overview of the conceptual model that motivated the development of the solution of Butler and Zhan (2004) for pumping- and slug-induced flow to/from a central well. The major steps in the derivation of that solution are described, but no details are given. Instead, a Mathematica notebook is provided for those interested in the derivation details. The key algorithms used in KGS-HighK are then described and the program structure is briefly outlined. A field example is provided to demonstrate program performance. The note concludes with a short summary section. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., and Butler, J., 2006, KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 5, p. 704-707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003.","startPage":"704","endPage":"707","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003"},{"id":239264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a404de4b0c8380cd64c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030308,"text":"70030308 - 2006 - Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030308","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A multi-year study was conducted on a shallow fringing reef flat on Molokai, Hawaii to determine the temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of terrigenous suspended sediment. During this study, trade-wind conditions existed for the majority of the year on the reef flat. The trade-wind conditions produced strong currents and resuspended moderate amounts of sediment on the reef flat on a daily basis during the year of study, resulting in an overwhelming contribution to the total sediment flux. The magnitude and direction of the trade winds relative to the orientation of the coastline, the shallow-relief and broad morphology, and tidal elevation, provided the primary control of the physical processes that resuspended and transported sediment on the reef flat over the period of record. Spatial data indicate that much of the terrigenous sediment resuspended on the reef flat is transported predominantly alongshore and is confined to the inner- to mid-reef flat. Evidence for the limited across-shore mixing and transport is provided by the dominantly alongshore wind-driven currents during trade-wind conditions and the well-defined across-shore gradient in percentage calcium carbonate of the suspended sediment. Regions of slightly offshore suspended-sediment transport along the reef flat can be attributed to the circulation pattern set up by the interaction between the trade winds, coastal morphology, and anthropogenic coastal structures (i.e., fish ponds and wharf). The regions in which sediment were seen to move offshore provide the strongest link between the sediment dynamics on reef flat and fore reef, and qualitatively appears to be correlated with low coral coverage on the fore reef. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Ogston, A., Storlazzi, C., and Field, M., 2006, Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 67-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015.","startPage":"67","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f5e4b08c986b3206d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030301,"text":"70030301 - 2006 - An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps","docAbstract":"Ground-motion attenuation relations have an important impact on seismic hazard analyses. Ground-motion modeling is particularly sensitive to assumptions about wave-propagation attenuation (crustal Q and geometrical spreading), as well as source and site conditions. Studies of path attenuation from earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) provide insights into the appropriateness of specific attenuation relations. An Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (2003, 2004) study combines published ENA ground-motion attenuation relations into four model forms: single-corner, double-corner, hybrid-empirical, and finite-fault. When substituted in the U.S. Geological Survey 2002 national seismic hazard maps for the five ENA relations originally used in those hazard calculations, the EPRI (2003) relations predict similar ground motions and hazard at short periods (<0.5 sec) and significantly lower ground motions (20%-50%) at longer periods (>0.5 sec), relative to the 2002 national maps. A major reason for this difference is due to the crustal seismic-wave attenuation model assumed in a few of the ENA relations combined into the EPRI (2003, 2004) models. Although appropriate differences in geometrical spreading models among ENA relations can also be significant, a few ENA relations have 1-Hz Q-values (Q0) that are below the EPRI (1993) consensus range for Q0 when coupled with a geometrical spreading of R-0.5. The EPRI (2003, 2004) single-corner relation is strongly influenced by the inclusion of ENA relations with assumed Q0 below the EPRI (1993) range, which explains much of the discrepancy in predictions at longer periods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050079","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2006, An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 3, p. 1159-1169, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050079.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050079"},{"id":239091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea19e4b0c8380cd48627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.","contributorId":102254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028961,"text":"70028961 - 2006 - Eco-informatics and natural resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:11:44","indexId":"70028961","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Eco-informatics and natural resource management","docAbstract":"This project highlight reports on the 2004 workshop [1], as well as follow-up activities in 2005 and 2006, regarding how informatics tools can help manage natural resources and decide policy. The workshop was sponsored jointly by sponsored by the NSF, NBII, NASA, and EPA, and attended by practitioners from government and non-government agencies, and university researchers from the computer, social, and ecological sciences. The workshop presented the significant information technology (IT) problems that resource managers face when integrating ecological or environmental information to make decisions. These IT problems fall into five categories: data presentation, data gaps, tools, indicators, and policy making and implementation. To alleviate such problems, we recommend informatics research in four IT areas, as defined in this abstract and our final report: modeling and simulation, data quality, information integration and ontologies, and social and human aspects. Additionally, we recommend that funding agencies provide infrastructure and some changes in funding habits to assure cycles of innovation in the domain were addressed. Follow-on activities to the workshop subsequent to dg.o 2005 included: an invited talk presenting workshop results at DILS 2005, publication of the workshop final report by the NBII [1], and a poster at the NBII All Hands Meeting (Oct. 2005). We also expect a special issue of the JIIS to appear in 2006 that addresses some of these questions. As we go to press, no solicitation by funding agencies has as yet been published, but various NASA and NBII, and NSF cyber-infrastructure and DG research efforts now underway address the above issues.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146712","usgsCitation":"Cushing, J., Wilson, T., Borning, A., Delcambre, L., Bowker, G., Frame, M., Schnase, J., Sonntag, W., Fulop, J., Hert, C., Hovy, E., Jones, J., Landis, E., Schweik, C., Brandt, L., Gregg, V., and Spengler, S., 2006, Eco-informatics and natural resource management, in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 381-382, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146712.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146712"}],"volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053ae4b0c8380cd50cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushing, J.B.","contributorId":52382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, T.","contributorId":49581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borning, A.","contributorId":88545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borning","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delcambre, L.","contributorId":42011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delcambre","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowker, G.","contributorId":107482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frame, Mike 0000-0001-9995-2172 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J.","contributorId":9836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulop","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hert, C.","contributorId":59227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hert","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hovy, E.","contributorId":104269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hovy","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, J.","contributorId":102256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Landis, E.","contributorId":92846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schweik, C.","contributorId":26126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweik","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Brandt, L.","contributorId":24548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Gregg, V.","contributorId":28421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Spengler, S.","contributorId":93259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70030278,"text":"70030278 - 2006 - Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops","docAbstract":"The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) is an international project aimed at developing enhanced techniques for the a priori estimation of parameters in hydrologic models and in land surface parameterization schemes of atmospheric models. The MOPEX science strategy involves three major steps: data preparation, a priori parameter estimation methodology development, and demonstration of parameter transferability. A comprehensive MOPEX database has been developed that contains historical hydrometeorological data and land surface characteristics data for many hydrologic basins in the United States (US) and in other countries. This database is being continuously expanded to include more basins in all parts of the world. A number of international MOPEX workshops have been convened to bring together interested hydrologists and land surface modelers from all over world to exchange knowledge and experience in developing a priori parameter estimation techniques. This paper describes the results from the second and third MOPEX workshops. The specific objective of these workshops is to examine the state of a priori parameter estimation techniques and how they can be potentially improved with observations from well-monitored hydrologic basins. Participants of the second and third MOPEX workshops were provided with data from 12 basins in the southeastern US and were asked to carry out a series of numerical experiments using a priori parameters as well as calibrated parameters developed for their respective hydrologic models. Different modeling groups carried out all the required experiments independently using eight different models, and the results from these models have been assembled for analysis in this paper. This paper presents an overview of the MOPEX experiment and its design. The main experimental results are analyzed. A key finding is that existing a priori parameter estimation procedures are problematic and need improvement. Significant improvement of these procedures may be achieved through model calibration of well-monitored hydrologic basins. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned, and points out further work and future strategy. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Duan, Q., Schaake, J., Andreassian, V., Franks, S., Goteti, G., Gupta, H., Gusev, Y., Habets, F., Hall, A., Hay, L., Hogue, T., Huang, M., Leavesley, G., Liang, X., Nasonova, O., Noilhan, J., Oudin, L., Sorooshian, S., Wagener, T., and Wood, E., 2006, Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 1-2, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477632,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f13584n","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211856,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031"},{"id":239227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ba3e4b0c8380cd6f6d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duan, Q.","contributorId":57257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreassian, V.","contributorId":77352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreassian","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franks, 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,{"id":70030279,"text":"70030279 - 2006 - Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","docAbstract":"Miocene conifer wood samples from the Belchatow brown coal deposit in Poland were studied in order to discuss a range of chemical variations that occur as a result of biochemical coalification. Petrographic analysis, ultimate analysis, electron microprobe technique, and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. Our data show several progressive trends in functional groups distribution that take place during the wood transformation from group 1 to group 4, such as an overall increase in aromaticity, an increase in lignin/cellulose ratio, and an increase in oxygen functionalities. Other observations include an increase in aliphatic stretching and bending functionalities from groups 1 to 3; followed by a decrease in the wood of group 4; appearance of aliphatic out-of-plane bands in group 3 and increase in group 4; an increase in CH2/CH3 in group 4 compared to the other groups; and decrease in O-H groups in group 4 compared to other groups. These observations, together with other chemical and petrological observations, indicate that the progressive elimination of cellulose and modification of lignin are dominant processes of the wood transformation. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Drobniak, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004"},{"id":239262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57ce4b0c8380cd4c251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028959,"text":"70028959 - 2006 - Mercury in water and biomass of microbial communities in hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:28:55","indexId":"70028959","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in water and biomass of microbial communities in hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Ultra-clean sampling methods and approaches typically used in pristine environments were applied to quantify concentrations of Hg species in water and microbial biomass from hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, features that are geologically enriched with Hg. Microbial populations of chemically-diverse hot springs were also characterized using modern methods in molecular biology as the initial step toward ongoing work linking Hg speciation with microbial processes. Molecular methods (amplification of environmental DNA using 16S rDNA primers, cloning, denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of clone libraries, and sequencing of representative clones) were used to examine the dominant members of microbial communities in hot springs. Total Hg (THg), monomethylated Hg (MeHg), pH, temperature, and other parameters influential to Hg speciation and microbial ecology are reported for hot springs water and associated microbial mats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"King, S., Behnke, S., Slack, K., Krabbenhoft, D., Nordstrom, D.K., Burr, M., and Striegl, R.G., 2006, Mercury in water and biomass of microbial communities in hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1868-1879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1868","endPage":"1879","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.004"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a541fe4b0c8380cd6ceb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, S.A.","contributorId":74562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behnke, S.","contributorId":62394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behnke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, K.","contributorId":94484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burr, M.D.","contributorId":58450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030285,"text":"70030285 - 2006 - Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","docAbstract":"The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, ???55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic region. Here we identify the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum in a marine sedimentary sequence obtained during the Arctic Coring Expedition. We show that sea surface temperatures near the North Pole increased from ???18??C to over 23??C during this event. Such warm values imply the absence of ice and thus exclude the influence of ice-albedo feedbacks on this Arctic warming. At the same time, sea level rose while anoxic and euxinic conditions developed in the ocean's bottom waters and photic zone, respectively. Increasing temperature and sea level match expectations based on palaeoclimate model simulations, but the absolute polar temperatures that we derive before, during and after the event are more than 10??C warmer than those model-predicted. This suggests that higher-than-modern greenhouse gas concentrations must have operated in conjunction with other feedback mechanisms-perhaps polar stratospheric clouds or hurricane-induced ocean mixing-to amplify early Palaeogene polar temperatures. ?? 2006 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature04668","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Pagani, M., Woltering, M., Brinkhuis, H., Damste, J., Dickens, G., Huber, M., Reichart, G., Stein, R., Matthiessen, J., Lourens, L., Pedentchouk, N., Backman, J., Moran, K., Clemens, S., Cronin, T., Eynaud, F., Gattacceca, J., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, R., Kaminski, M., King, J., Koc, N., Martinez, N., McInroy, D., Moore, T., O’Regan, M., Onodera, J., Palike, H., Rea, B., Rio, D., Sakamoto, T., Smith, D.C., St John, K., Suto, I., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M.E., and Yamamoto, M., 2006, Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum: Nature, v. 441, no. 7093, p. 610-613, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668.","startPage":"610","endPage":"613","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04668"},{"id":239367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"441","issue":"7093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d9de4b08c986b31d953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sluijs, 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E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Yamamoto, M.","contributorId":60854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70030244,"text":"70030244 - 2006 - Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030244","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services","docAbstract":"Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES. In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-offs arise without premeditation or even awareness that they are taking place. Trade-offs in ES can be classified along three axes: spatial scale, temporal scale, and reversibility. Spatial scale refers to whether the effects of the trade-off are felt locally or at a distant location. Temporal scale refers to whether the effects take place relatively rapidly or slowly. Reversibility expresses the likelihood that the perturbed ES may return to its original state if the perturbation ceases. Across all four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios and selected case study examples, trade-off decisions show a preference for provisioning, regulating, or cultural services (in that order). Supporting services are more likely to be \"taken for granted.\" Cultural ES are almost entirely unquantified in scenario modeling; therefore, the calculated model results do not fully capture losses of these services that occur in the scenarios. The quantitative scenario models primarily capture the services that are perceived by society as more important - provisioning and regulating ecosystem services - and thus do not fully capture trade-offs of cultural and supporting services. Successful management policies will be those that incorporate lessons learned from prior decisions into future management actions. Managers should complement their actions with monitoring programs that, in addition to monitoring the short-term provisions of services, also monitor the long-term evolution of slowly changing variables. Policies can then be developed to take into account ES trade-offs at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Successful strategies will recognize the inherent complexities of ecosystem management and will work to develop policies that minimize the effects of ES trade-offs. Copyright ?? 2006 by the author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"17083087","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Beard, T., Bennett, E., Cumming, G.S., Cork, S., Agard, J., Dobson, A.P., and Peterson, G., 2006, Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services: Ecology and Society, v. 11, no. 1.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6aee4b08c986b326dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.P.","contributorId":78542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, T.D. Jr.","contributorId":100160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, E.M.","contributorId":65666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cumming, Graeme S.","contributorId":39191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cumming","given":"Graeme","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cork, S.J.","contributorId":66481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cork","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Agard, J.","contributorId":27673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dobson, A. P.","contributorId":9992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peterson, G.D.","contributorId":102835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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