GPS velocity fields in the Western US have been interpreted with various physical models of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system: (1) time-independent block models; (2) time-dependent viscoelastic-cycle models, where deformation is driven by viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle from past faulting events; (3) viscoelastic block models, a time-dependent variation of the block model. All three models are generally driven by a combination of loading on locked faults and (aseismic) fault creep. Here we construct viscoelastic block models and viscoelastic-cycle models for the Western US, focusing on the Pacific Northwest and the earthquake cycle on the Cascadia megathrust. In the viscoelastic block model, the western US is divided into blocks selected from an initial set of 137 microplates using the method of Total Variation Regularization, allowing potential trade-offs between faulting and megathrust coupling to be determined algorithmically from GPS observations. Fault geometry, slip rate, and locking rates (i.e. the locking fraction times the long term slip rate) are estimated simultaneously within the TVR block model. For a range of mantle asthenosphere viscosity (4.4 × 1018 to 3.6 × 1020 Pa s) we find that fault locking on the megathrust is concentrated in the uppermost 20 km in depth, and a locking rate contour line of 30 mm yr−1 extends deepest beneath the Olympic Peninsula, characteristics similar to previous time-independent block model results. These results are corroborated by viscoelastic-cycle modelling. The average locking rate required to fit the GPS velocity field depends on mantle viscosity, being higher the lower the viscosity. Moreover, for viscosity ≲ 1020 Pa s, the amount of inferred locking is higher than that obtained using a time-independent block model. This suggests that time-dependent models for a range of admissible viscosity structures could refine our knowledge of the locking distribution and its epistemic uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggx009","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Evans, E., 2017, Implications of the earthquake cycle for inferring fault locking on the Cascadia megathrust: Geophysical Journal International, v. 209, no. 1, p. 167-185, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx009.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-075706","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910ade4b0764e6c5e8860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Eileen 0000-0002-7290-5269 eevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-5269","contributorId":167021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Eileen","email":"eevans@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186020,"text":"70186020 - 2017 - Quantifying the relative contribution of an ecological reserve to conservation objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:18:26","indexId":"70186020","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the relative contribution of an ecological reserve to conservation objectives","docAbstract":"Evaluating the role public lands play in meeting conservation goals is an essential step in good governance. We present a tool for comparing the regional contribution of each of a suite of wildlife management units to conservation goals. We use weighted summation (simple additive weighting) to compute a Unit Contribution Index (UCI) based on species richness, population abundance, and a conservation score based on IUCN Red List classified threat levels. We evaluate UCI for a subset of the 729 participating wetlands of the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring (IWMM) Program across U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 3 (Midwest USA), 4 (Southeast USA), and 5 (Northeast USA). We found that the median across-Region UCI for Region 5 was greater than Regions 3 and 4, while Region 4 had the greatest within-Region UCI median. This index is a powerful tool for wildlife managers to evaluate the performance of units within the conservation estate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.002","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, K., Lyons, J.E., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2017, Quantifying the relative contribution of an ecological reserve to conservation objectives: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 9, p. 142-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"147","ipdsId":"IP-079772","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194fe4b02ff32c699ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Kevin 0000-0003-0756-2172 kaagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-2172","contributorId":147393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Kevin","email":"kaagaard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751 jelyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":177546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James","email":"jelyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186169,"text":"70186169 - 2017 - Summer habitat selection by Dall’s sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:13:22","indexId":"70186169","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer habitat selection by Dall’s sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"Sexual segregation occurs frequently in sexually dimorphic species, and it may be influenced by differential habitat requirements between sexes or by social or evolutionary mechanisms that maintain separation of sexes regardless of habitat selection. Understanding the degree of sex-specific habitat specialization is important for management of wildlife populations and the design of monitoring and research programs. Using mid-summer aerial survey data for Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in southern Alaska during 1983–2011, we assessed differences in summer habitat selection by sex and reproductive status at the landscape scale in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Males and females were highly segregated socially, as were females with and without young. Resource selection function (RSF) models containing rugged terrain, intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and open landcover types best explained resource selection by each sex, female reproductive classes, and all sheep combined. For male and all female models, most coefficients were similar, suggesting little difference in summer habitat selection between sexes at the landscape scale. A combined RSF model therefore may be used to predict the relative probability of resource selection by Dall’s sheep in WRST regardless of sex or reproductive status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyw135","usgsCitation":"Roffler, G.H., Adams, L., and Hebblewhite, M., 2017, Summer habitat selection by Dall’s sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 98, no. 1, p. 94-105, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw135.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-060082","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw135","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"98","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194fe4b02ff32c699ca1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyw135","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw135","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","authors":"Roffler Gretchen H., Adams Layne G., Hebblewhite Mark","journalName":"Journal of Mammalogy","publicationDate":"9/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffler, Gretchen H. groffler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffler","given":"Gretchen","email":"groffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hebblewhite, Mark","contributorId":190188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebblewhite","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189600,"text":"70189600 - 2017 - The waterfall paradox: How knickpoints disconnect hillslope and channel processes, isolating salmonid populations in ideal habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T12:36:02","indexId":"70189600","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The waterfall paradox: How knickpoints disconnect hillslope and channel processes, isolating salmonid populations in ideal habitats","docAbstract":"Waterfalls create barriers to fish migration, yet hundreds of isolated salmonid populations exist above barriers and have persisted for thousands of years in steep mountainous terrain. Ecological theory indicates that small isolated populations in disturbance-prone landscapes are at greatest risk of extirpation because immigration and recolonization are not possible. On the contrary, many above-barrier populations are currently thriving while their downstream counterparts are dwindling. This quandary led us to explore geomorphic knickpoints as a mechanism for disconnecting hillslope and channel processes by limiting channel incision and decreasing the pace of base-level lowering. Using LiDAR from the Oregon Coast Range, we found gentler channel gradients, wider valleys, lower gradient hillslopes, and less shallow landslide potential in an above-barrier catchment compared to a neighboring catchment devoid of persistent knickpoints. Based on this unique geomorphic template, above-barrier channel networks are less prone to debris flows and other episodic sediment fluxes. These above-barrier catchments also have greater resiliency to flooding, owing to wider valleys with greater floodplain connectivity. Habitat preference models further indicate that salmonid habitat is present in greater quantity and quality in these above-barrier networks. Therefore the paradox of the persistence of small isolated fish populations may be facilitated by a geomorphic mechanism that both limits their connectivity to larger fish populations yet dampens the effect of disturbance by decreasing connections between hillslope and channel processes above geomorphic knickpoints.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.029","usgsCitation":"May, C., Roering, J., Snow, K., Griswold, K., and Gresswell, R.E., 2017, The waterfall paradox: How knickpoints disconnect hillslope and channel processes, isolating salmonid populations in ideal habitats: Geomorphology, v. 277, p. 228-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.029.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-066828","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e26e4b0d1f9f0640763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Christine","contributorId":99619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roering, Joshua J.","contributorId":194297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snow, Kyle","contributorId":194786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griswold, Kitty","contributorId":194787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griswold","given":"Kitty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194206,"text":"70194206 - 2017 - State of Great Lakes 2017 Technical Report: Indicators to assess the status and trends of the Great Lakes ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T15:19:22","indexId":"70194206","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 905‐R‐17‐001","title":"State of Great Lakes 2017 Technical Report: Indicators to assess the status and trends of the Great Lakes ecosystem","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Conservation and management of spatially structured populations is challenging because solutions must consider where individuals are located, but also differential individual space use as a result of landscape heterogeneity. A recent extension of spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models, the ecological distance model, uses spatial encounter histories of individuals (e.g., a record of where individuals are detected across space, often sequenced over multiple sampling occasions), to estimate the relationship between space use and characteristics of a landscape, allowing simultaneous estimation of both local densities of individuals across space and connectivity at the scale of individual movement. We developed two model-based estimators derived from the SCR ecological distance model to quantify connectivity over a continuous surface: (1) potential connectivity—a metric of the connectivity of areas based on resistance to individual movement; and (2) density-weighted connectivity (DWC)—potential connectivity weighted by estimated density. Estimates of potential connectivity and DWC can provide spatial representations of areas that are most important for the conservation of threatened species, or management of abundant populations (i.e., areas with high density and landscape connectivity), and thus generate predictions that have great potential to inform conservation and management actions. We used a simulation study with a stationary trap design across a range of landscape resistance scenarios to evaluate how well our model estimates resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC. Correlation between true and estimated potential connectivity was high, and there was positive correlation and high spatial accuracy between estimated DWC and true DWC. We applied our approach to data collected from a population of black bears in New York, and found that forested areas represented low levels of resistance for black bears. We demonstrate that formal inference about measures of landscape connectivity can be achieved from standard methods of studying animal populations which yield individual encounter history data such as camera trapping. Resulting biological parameters including resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC estimate the spatial distribution and connectivity of the population within a statistical framework, and we outline applications to many possible conservation and management problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1623","usgsCitation":"Morin, D.J., Fuller, A.K., Royle, J., and Sutherland, C., 2017, Model-based estimators of density and connectivity to inform conservation of spatially structured populations: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1623.","productDescription":"e01623; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-075226","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3de4b06e28e9c23bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Dana J.","contributorId":200306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morin","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutherland, Chris","contributorId":150670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193964,"text":"70193964 - 2017 - Ecosystem extent and fragmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T10:08:01","indexId":"70193964","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecosystem extent and fragmentation","docAbstract":"One of the candidate essential biodiversity variable (EBV) groups described in the seminal paper by Pereira et al. (2014) concerns Ecosystem Structure. This EBV group is distinguished from another EBV group which encompasses aspects of Ecosystem Function. While the Ecosystem Function EBV treats ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling, primary production, trophic interactions, etc., the Ecosystem Structure EBV relates to the set of biophysical properties of ecosystems that create biophysical environmental context, confer biophysical structure, and occur geographically. The Ecosystem Extent and Fragmentation EBV is one of the EBVs in the Ecosystem Structure EBV group.
Ecosystems are understood to exist at multiple scales, from very large areas (macro-ecosystems) like the Arctic tundra, for example, to something as small as a tree in an Amazonian rain forest. As such, ecosystems occupy space and therefore can be mapped across any geography of interest, whether that area of interest be a site, a nation, a region, a continent, or the planet. One of the most obvious and seemingly straightforward EBVs is Ecosystem Extent and Fragmentation. Ecosystem extent refers to the location and geographic distribution of ecosystems across landscapes or in the oceans, while ecosystem fragmentation refers to the spatial pattern and connectivity of ecosystem occurrences on the landscape.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring essential biodiversity variables in tropical forests with remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics","usgsCitation":"Sayre, R., and Hansen, M., 2017, Ecosystem extent and fragmentation, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-082059","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/sites/gofcgold-geobon_biodiversitysourcebook.php"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3de4b06e28e9c23be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, Roger 0000-0001-6703-7105 rsayre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-7105","contributorId":191629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Matt","contributorId":61330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194309,"text":"70194309 - 2017 - Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T11:44:21","indexId":"70194309","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists","docAbstract":"We present landscape simulation results contrasting effects of changing climates on forest vegetation and fire regimes in Yellowstone National Park, USA, by mid-21st century. We simulated potential changes to fire dynamics and forest characteristics under three future climate projections representing a range of potential future conditions using the FireBGCv2 model. Under the future climate scenarios with moderate warming (>2°C) and moderate increases in precipitation (3–5%), model simulations resulted in 1.2–4.2 times more burned area, decreases in forest cover (10–44%), and reductions in basal area (14–60%). In these same scenarios, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) decreased in basal area (18–41%), while Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) basal area increased (21–58%). Conversely, mild warming (<2°C) coupled with greater increases in precipitation (12–13%) suggested an increase in forest cover and basal area by mid-century, with spruce and subalpine fir increasing in abundance. Overall, we found changes in forest tree species compositions were caused by the climate-mediated changes in fire regime (56–315% increase in annual area burned). Simulated changes in forest composition and fire regime under warming climates portray a landscape that shifts from lodgepole pine to Douglas-fir caused by the interaction between the magnitude and seasonality of future climate changes, by climate-induced changes in the frequency and intensity of wildfires, and by tree species response.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1636","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.A., Loehman, R.A., and Keane, R.E., 2017, Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 1, e01636; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1636.","productDescription":"e01636; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074562","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1636","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.44750680513074\n ],\n [\n -110.3082275390625,\n 44.44750680513074\n ],\n [\n -110.3082275390625,\n 44.99394031891056\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.99394031891056\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.44750680513074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3ce4b06e28e9c23be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Jason A.","contributorId":168604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16761,"text":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":200723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194510,"text":"70194510 - 2017 - Phosphorus (P) and HABs: Sources of P discharged from the Maumee River into Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:18:22","indexId":"70194510","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Phosphorus (P) and HABs: Sources of P discharged from the Maumee River into Lake Erie","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Deforestation of Hawaiian forests has adversely impacted native wildlife, including forest birds, bats and arthropods. Restoration activities have included reforestation with the native koa (Acacia koa), a dominant canopy tree species that is easy to propagate, has high survivorship, and has fast growth rates. We review recent research describing the ecological benefits of koa restoration on wildlife colonization/use, plant dispersal, and native plant recruitment. In general, planting monotypic koa stands can provide forest habitats for species that need them but does not automatically lead to natural regeneration of a diverse forest species assemblage and may require additional restoration activities such as outplanting of other native plants and alien grass control to achieve more natural forest systems. Although early signs of forest and wildlife recovery have been encouraging, the goals of restoration for wildlife conservation versus commercial grade harvesting require different restoration methods.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acacia koa in Hawai‘i: facing the future. Proceedings of the 2016 Koa Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Acacia koa in Hawaiʻi: Facing the Future","conferenceDate":"October 5, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Hilo, HI","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai‘i","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Paxton, E., and Yelenik, S.G., 2017, Influence of restored koa in supporting bird communities, in Acacia koa in Hawai‘i: facing the future. 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\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76f62e4b08b1644ddfaf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":194671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189831,"text":"70189831 - 2017 - Using structural damage statistics to derive macroseismic intensity within the Kathmandu valley for the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T11:19:18","indexId":"70189831","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using structural damage statistics to derive macroseismic intensity within the Kathmandu valley for the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake","docAbstract":"We make and analyze structural damage observations from within the Kathmandu valley following the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake to derive macroseismic intensities at several locations including some located near ground motion recording sites. The macroseismic intensity estimates supplement the limited strong ground motion data in order to characterize the damage statistics. This augmentation allows for direct comparisons between ground motion amplitudes and structural damage characteristics and ultimately produces a more constrained ground shaking hazard map for the Gorkha earthquake. For systematic assessments, we focused on damage to three specific building categories: (a) low/mid-rise reinforced concrete frames with infill brick walls, (b) unreinforced brick masonry bearing walls with reinforced concrete slabs, and (c) unreinforced brick masonry bearing walls with partial timber framing. Evaluating dozens of photos of each construction type, assigning each building in the study sample to a European Macroseismic Scale (EMS)-98 Vulnerability Class based upon its structural characteristics, and then individually assigning an EMS-98 Damage Grade to each building allows a statistically derived estimate of macroseismic intensity for each of nine study areas in and around the Kathmandu valley. This analysis concludes that EMS-98 macroseismic intensities for the study areas from the Gorkha mainshock typically were in the VII–IX range. The intensity assignment process described is more rigorous than the informal approach of assigning intensities based upon anecdotal media or first-person accounts of felt-reports, shaking, and their interpretation of damage. Detailed EMS-98 macroseismic assessments in urban areas are critical for quantifying relations between shaking and damage as well as for calibrating loss estimates. We show that the macroseismic assignments made herein result in fatality estimates consistent with the overall and district-wide reported values.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.002","usgsCitation":"McGowan, S., Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J., 2017, Using structural damage statistics to derive macroseismic intensity within the Kathmandu valley for the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake: Tectonophysics, v. 714-715, p. 158-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-078944","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Kathmandu Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 84.715576171875,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n 86.0888671875,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n 86.0888671875,\n 27.97499795326776\n ],\n [\n 84.715576171875,\n 27.97499795326776\n ],\n [\n 84.715576171875,\n 27.176469131898898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"714-715","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597afba6e4b0a38ca2750b5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Sean","contributorId":195190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor S. 0000-0002-5803-8007 kjaiswal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-8007","contributorId":149796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198062,"text":"70198062 - 2017 - Changes in vocal repertoire of the Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis,from past wild to current captive populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-16T11:33:49","indexId":"70198062","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Changes in vocal repertoire of the Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis,from past wild to current captive populations","title":"Changes in vocal repertoire of the Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis,from past wild to current captive populations","docAbstract":"For most avian species, social behaviour is critically important for survival and reproductive success. Many social behaviours in birds are culturally transmitted, and as bird populations decline across the globe, important elements of these behaviours may be lost. The Hawaiian crow or 'alalā, Corvus hawaiiensis, is a socially complex avian species that is currently extinct in the wild. As in other oscine passerines, vocalizations in the 'alalā may be culturally transmitted. We compared the vocal repertoire of three of the last four wild 'alalā pairs from the early 1990s to three current captive pairs on the Island of Hawai'i to determine how acoustic behaviour has been affected by changes in their social and physical environment. Over 18 h of recordings from wild breeding pairs were analysed and compared with 44 h from captive breeding pairs. Calls were placed into five putative behavioural categories: (1) alarm, (2) territorial broadcast, (3) aggression, (4) submission and (5) courtship. There was little difference in the overall number and diversity of call types among wild versus captive birds. However, the repertoire was significantly different. Territorial broadcast calls, common components of the wild repertoire, were absent from the captive repertoire. In addition, wild birds had twice the number of alarm calls and had a higher call rate than captive birds. Our results show how socially learned behaviours may change over relatively short periods for an entire species. Understanding how the vocal repertoire and the functional context of vocalizations change may provide useful information for ongoing efforts to reintroduce the 'alalā into the wild.
The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States—Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. More than 95 percent of the water withdrawn from the High Plains aquifer is used for irrigation. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of substantial irrigation with groundwater in the aquifer area (about 1950). The Republican River Basin is 15.9 million acres (about 25,000 square miles) and is located in northeast Colorado, northern Kansas, and southwest Nebraska. The Republican River Basin overlies the High Plains aquifer for 87 percent of the basin area. Water-level declines had begun in parts of the High Plains aquifer within the Republican River Basin by 1964. In 2002, management practices were enacted in the Middle Republican Natural Resources District in Nebraska to comply with the Republican River Compact Final Settlement. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Middle Republican Natural Resources District, completed a study of water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer within the Republican River Basin from 2002 to 2015 to enable the Middle Republican Natural Resources District to assess the effect of the management practices, which were specified by the Republican River Compact Final Settlement. Water-level changes determined from this study are presented in this report.
Water-level changes from 2002 to 2015 in the High Plains aquifer within the Republican River Basin, by well, ranged from a rise of 9.4 feet to a decline of 43.2 feet. The area-weighted, average water-level change from 2002 to 2015 in this part of the aquifer was a decline of 4.5 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Republican Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., 2017, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, Republican River Basin in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska, 2002 to 2015 (ver. 1.2, March 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3373, 10 p., 1 sheet with appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3373.","productDescription":"Sheet: 35.0 x 36.0 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 10 p.; Appendix Well Files; Data Release; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079652","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/sim3373_appendix_well_file.csv","text":"Appendix Well File","size":"290 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIM 3373 Appendix"},{"id":332425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/sim3373_appendix_well_file.xlsx","text":"Appendix Well File","size":"278 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3373 Appendix "},{"id":332427,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VKH","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Digital map of water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, Republican River Basin in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska, 2002 to 2015"},{"id":335100,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/version_Hist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.13 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3373 Version History"},{"id":335099,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/sim3373_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"5.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3373 Pamphlet"},{"id":335098,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/sim3373_2.pdf","text":"Map","size":"6.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3373"},{"id":332422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3373/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer, Republican River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -103.4033203125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -103.84277343749999,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -102.63427734374999,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 40.04443758460856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 29, 2016; Version 1.1: February 10, 2017; Version 1.2: March 27, 2017","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
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5231 South 19th Street
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Climate niche models project that subalpine forest ranges will extend upslope with climate warming. These projections assume that the climate suitable for adult trees will be adequate for forest regeneration, ignoring climate requirements for seedling recruitment, a potential demographic bottleneck. Moreover, local genetic adaptation is expected to facilitate range expansion, with tree populations at the upper forest edge providing the seed best adapted to the alpine. Here, we test these expectations using a novel combination of common gardens, seeded with two widely distributed subalpine conifers, and climate manipulations replicated at three elevations. Infrared heaters raised temperatures in heated plots, but raised temperatures more in the forest than at or above treeline because strong winds at high elevation reduced heating efficiency. Watering increased season-average soil moisture similarly across sites. Contrary to expectations, warming reduced Engelmann spruce recruitment at and above treeline, as well as in the forest. Warming reduced limber pine first-year recruitment in the forest, but had no net effect on fourth-year recruitment at any site. Watering during the snow-free season alleviated some negative effects of warming, indicating that warming exacerbated water limitations. Contrary to expectations of local adaptation, low-elevation seeds of both species initially recruited more strongly than high-elevation seeds across the elevation gradient, although the low-provenance advantage diminished by the fourth year for Engelmann spruce, likely due to small sample sizes. High- and low-elevation provenances responded similarly to warming across sites for Engelmann spruce, but differently for limber pine. In the context of increasing tree mortality, lower recruitment at all elevations with warming, combined with lower quality, high-provenance seed being most available for colonizing the alpine, portends range contraction for Engelmann spruce. The lower sensitivity of limber pine to warming indicates a potential for this species to become more important in subalpine forest communities in the coming centuries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13561","usgsCitation":"Kueppers, L.M., Conlisk, E., Castanha, C., Moyes, A.B., Germino, M., de Valpine, P., Torn, M.S., and Mitton, J.B., 2017, Warming and provenance limit tree recruitment across and beyond the elevation range of subalpine forest: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 6, p. 2383-2395, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13561.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2383","endPage":"2395","ipdsId":"IP-067087","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Niwot Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.54153442382812,\n 40.067956744086096\n ],\n [\n -105.54393768310547,\n 40.038260817438776\n ],\n [\n -105.5595588684082,\n 40.04141498122656\n ],\n [\n -105.56625366210936,\n 40.04312342569046\n ],\n [\n -105.57638168334961,\n 40.04588313016049\n ],\n [\n -105.58170318603514,\n 40.04864272291728\n ],\n [\n -105.58307647705078,\n 40.05113940105385\n ],\n [\n -105.58753967285156,\n 40.05297900010992\n ],\n [\n -105.5954360961914,\n 40.054949943999496\n ],\n [\n -105.60298919677734,\n 40.05665804926404\n ],\n [\n -105.61140060424805,\n 40.05849749936099\n ],\n [\n -105.61689376831053,\n 40.0594172057892\n ],\n [\n -105.62118530273436,\n 40.059679976774355\n ],\n [\n -105.62788009643555,\n 40.057183611501316\n ],\n [\n -105.63028335571289,\n 40.056789440203374\n ],\n [\n 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f11e4b0cd2dabe7c4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlisk, Erin","contributorId":149404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conlisk","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":177737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":66981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Valpine, Perry","contributorId":177739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Valpine","given":"Perry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Torn, Margaret S.","contributorId":28179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torn","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mitton, Jeffry B.","contributorId":177741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitton","given":"Jeffry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179334,"text":"70179334 - 2017 - Temporary wetlands: Challenges and solutions to conserving a ‘disappearing’ ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:30:44","indexId":"70179334","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporary wetlands: Challenges and solutions to conserving a ‘disappearing’ ecosystem","docAbstract":"Frequent drying of ponded water, and support of unique, highly specialized assemblages of often rare species, characterize temporary wetlands, such as vernal pools, gilgais, and prairie potholes. As small aquatic features embedded in a terrestrial landscape, temporary wetlands enhance biodiversity and provide aesthetic, biogeochemical, and hydrologic functions. Challenges to conserving temporary wetlands include the need to: (1) integrate freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity priorities; (2) conserve entire ‘pondscapes’ defined by connections to other aquatic and terrestrial systems; (3) maintain natural heterogeneity in environmental gradients across and within wetlands, especially gradients in hydroperiod; (4) address economic impact on landowners and developers; (5) act without complete inventories of these wetlands; and (6) work within limited or non-existent regulatory protections. Because temporary wetlands function as integral landscape components, not singly as isolated entities, their cumulative loss is ecologically detrimental yet not currently part of the conservation calculus. We highlight approaches that use strategies for conserving temporary wetlands in increasingly human-dominated landscapes that integrate top-down management and bottom-up collaborative approaches. Diverse conservation activities (including education, inventory, protection, sustainable management, and restoration) that reduce landowner and manager costs while achieving desired ecological objectives will have the greatest probability of success in meeting conservation goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.024","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, A.J., Mushet, D.M., Bell, K.P., Boix, D., Fitzsimons, J.A., and Isselin-Nondedeu, F., 2017, Temporary wetlands: Challenges and solutions to conserving a ‘disappearing’ ecosystem: Biological Conservation, v. 211, no. B, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.024.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-076656","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Temporary_wetlands_challenges_and_solutions_to_conserving_a_disappearing_ecosystem/20862952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f12e4b0cd2dabe7c4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":177732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":13065,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, Kathleen P.","contributorId":171584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boix, Dani","contributorId":177733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boix","given":"Dani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzsimons, James A.","contributorId":177734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzsimons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Isselin-Nondedeu, Francis","contributorId":177735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isselin-Nondedeu","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179304,"text":"70179304 - 2017 - Challenges with secondary use of multi-source water-quality data in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T10:15:39","indexId":"70179304","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges with secondary use of multi-source water-quality data in the United States","docAbstract":"Combining water-quality data from multiple sources can help counterbalance diminishing resources for stream monitoring in the United States and lead to important regional and national insights that would not otherwise be possible. Individual monitoring organizations understand their own data very well, but issues can arise when their data are combined with data from other organizations that have used different methods for reporting the same common metadata elements. Such use of multi-source data is termed “secondary use”—the use of data beyond the original intent determined by the organization that collected the data. In this study, we surveyed more than 25 million nutrient records collected by 488 organizations in the United States since 1899 to identify major inconsistencies in metadata elements that limit the secondary use of multi-source data. Nearly 14.5 million of these records had missing or ambiguous information for one or more key metadata elements, including (in decreasing order of records affected) sample fraction, chemical form, parameter name, units of measurement, precise numerical value, and remark codes. As a result, metadata harmonization to make secondary use of these multi-source data will be time consuming, expensive, and inexact. Different data users may make different assumptions about the same ambiguous data, potentially resulting in different conclusions about important environmental issues. The value of these ambiguous data is estimated at \\$US12 billion, a substantial collective investment by water-resource organizations in the United States. By comparison, the value of unambiguous data is estimated at \\$US8.2 billion. The ambiguous data could be preserved for uses beyond the original intent by developing and implementing standardized metadata practices for future and legacy water-quality data throughout the United States.
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Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179284,"text":"70179284 - 2017 - The practice of prediction: What can ecologists learn from applied, ecology-related fields?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T14:01:21","indexId":"70179284","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The practice of prediction: What can ecologists learn from applied, ecology-related fields?","docAbstract":"The pervasive influence of human induced global environmental change affects biodiversity across the globe, and there is great uncertainty as to how the biosphere will react on short and longer time scales. To adapt to what the future holds and to manage the impacts of global change, scientists need to predict the expected effects with some confidence and communicate these predictions to policy makers. However, recent reviews found that we currently lack a clear understanding of how predictable ecology is, with views seeing it as mostly unpredictable to potentially predictable, at least over short time frames. However, in applied, ecology-related fields predictions are more commonly formulated and reported, as well as evaluated in hindsight, potentially allowing one to define baselines of predictive proficiency in these fields. We searched the literature for representative case studies in these fields and collected information about modeling approaches, target variables of prediction, predictive proficiency achieved, as well as the availability of data to parameterize predictive models. We find that some fields such as epidemiology achieve high predictive proficiency, but even in the more predictive fields proficiency is evaluated in different ways. Both phenomenological and mechanistic approaches are used in most fields, but differences are often small, with no clear superiority of one approach over the other. Data availability is limiting in most fields, with long-term studies being rare and detailed data for parameterizing mechanistic models being in short supply. We suggest that ecologists adopt a more rigorous approach to report and assess predictive proficiency, and embrace the challenges of real world decision making to strengthen the practice of prediction in ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.12.005","usgsCitation":"Pennekamp, F., Adamson, M., Petchey, O.L., Poggiale, J., Aguiar, M., Kooi, B.W., Botkin, D.B., and DeAngelis, D.L., 2017, The practice of prediction: What can ecologists learn from applied, ecology-related fields?: Ecological Complexity, v. 32, no. B, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.12.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074291","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-134675","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd4de4b0cd2dabe7c1c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennekamp, Frank","contributorId":177677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennekamp","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adamson, Matthew","contributorId":177678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamson","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petchey, Owen L","contributorId":177679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petchey","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poggiale, Jean-Christophe","contributorId":177680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poggiale","given":"Jean-Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aguiar, Maira","contributorId":177681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguiar","given":"Maira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kooi, Bob W.","contributorId":152069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kooi","given":"Bob","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Botkin, Daniel B.","contributorId":90917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Botkin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13532,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70181011,"text":"70181011 - 2017 - Arsenite as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis: Description of three strains of Ectothiorhodospria from Mono Lake, California, and Big Soda Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T17:36:01","indexId":"70181011","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2617,"text":"Life Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenite as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis: Description of three strains of Ectothiorhodospria from Mono Lake, California, and Big Soda Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"Three novel strains of photosynthetic bacteria from the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae were isolated from soda lakes of the Great Basin Desert, USA by employing arsenite (As(III)) as the sole electron donor in the enrichment/isolation process. Strain PHS-1 was previously isolated from a hot spring in Mono Lake, while strain MLW-1 was obtained from Mono Lake sediment, and strain BSL-9 was isolated from Big Soda Lake. Strains PHS-1, MLW-1, and BSL-9 were all capable of As(III)-dependent growth via anoxygenic photosynthesis and contained homologs of arxA, but displayed different phenotypes. Comparisons were made with three related species: Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii DSM 2111, Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii DSM 243T, and Halorhodospira halophila DSM 244. All three type cultures oxidized arsenite to arsenate but did not grow with As(III) as the sole electron donor. DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that strain PHS-1 belongs to the same species as Ect. shaposhnikovii DSM 2111 (81.1% sequence similarity), distinct from Ect. shaposhnikovii DSM 243T (58.1% sequence similarity). These results suggest that the capacity for light-driven As(III) oxidation is a common phenomenon among purple photosynthetic bacteria in soda lakes. However, the use of As(III) as a sole electron donor to sustain growth via anoxygenic photosynthesis is confined to novel isolates that were screened for by this selective cultivation criterion.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/life7010001","usgsCitation":"McCann, S., Boren, A., Hernandez-Maldonado, J., Stoneburner, B., Saltikov, C.W., Stolz, J.F., and Oremland, R.S., 2017, Arsenite as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis: Description of three strains of Ectothiorhodospria from Mono Lake, California, and Big Soda Lake, Nevada: Life Sciences, v. 7, no. 1, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/life7010001.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080454","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life7010001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589ffedfe4b099f50d3e0438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCann, Shelley 0000-0002-9753-7968 smccann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-7968","contributorId":149902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCann","given":"Shelley","email":"smccann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boren, Alison","contributorId":174072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boren","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hernandez-Maldonado, Jaime","contributorId":179303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez-Maldonado","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoneburner, Brendon","contributorId":174071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoneburner","given":"Brendon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27354,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saltikov, Chad W","contributorId":179304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltikov","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179246,"text":"70179246 - 2017 - Riparian spiders as sentinels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination across heterogeneous aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T16:19:32","indexId":"70179246","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian spiders as sentinels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination across heterogeneous aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"Lurking below the twin concepts of connectivity and disconnectivity are their first, and in some ways, richer cousins: continuity and discontinuity. In this paper we explore how continuity and discontinuity represent fundamental and complementary perspectives in fluvial geomorphology, and how these perspectives inform and underlie our conceptions of connectivity in landscapes and rivers. We examine the historical roots of continuum and discontinuum thinking, and how much of our understanding of geomorphology rests on contrasting views of continuity and discontinuity. By continuum thinking we refer to a conception of geomorphic processes as well as geomorphic features that are expressed along continuous gradients without abrupt changes, transitions, or thresholds. Balance of forces, graded streams, and hydraulic geometry are all examples of this perspective. The continuum view has played a prominent role in diverse disciplinary fields, including ecology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology, in large part because it allows us to treat complex phenomena as orderly progressions and invoke or assume equilibrium processes that introduce order and prediction into our sciences.
In contrast the discontinuous view is a distinct though complementary conceptual framework that incorporates non-uniform, non-progressive, and non-equilibrium thinking into understanding geomorphic processes and landscapes. We distinguish and discuss examples of three different ways in which discontinuous thinking can be expressed: 1) discontinuous spatial arrangements or singular events; 2) specific process domains generally associated with thresholds, either intrinsic or extrinsic; and 3) physical dynamics or changes in state, again often threshold-linked. In moving beyond the continuous perspective, a fertile set of ideas comes into focus: thresholds, non-equilibrium states, heterogeneity, catastrophe. The range of phenomena that is thereby opened up to scientific exploration similarly expands: punctuated episodes of cutting and filling, discretization of landscapes into hierarchies of structure and control, the work of extreme events. Orderly and progressive evolution towards a steady or ideal state is replaced by chaotic episodes of disturbance and recovery. Recent developments in the field of geomorphology suggest that we may be on the cusp of a new paradigm that recognizes that both continuous and discontinuous processes and mechanisms play a role in fluvial processes and landscape evolution with neither holding sway over the other and both needed to see rivers as they are.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.033","usgsCitation":"Grant, G., O'Connor, J., and Safran, E., 2017, Excursions in fluvial (dis)continuity: Geomorphology, v. 277, p. 145-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"153","ipdsId":"IP-076307","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf4eee4b01224f329bca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, James E. oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":138998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"James E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Safran, Elizabeth","contributorId":177641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safran","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206539,"text":"70206539 - 2017 - Hydrologic and geomorphic changes resulting from episodic glacial lake outburst floods: Rio Colonia, Patagonia, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-08T10:04:25","indexId":"70206539","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T09:56:21","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic changes resulting from episodic glacial lake outburst floods: Rio Colonia, Patagonia, Chile","docAbstract":"Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a prominent but poorly understood cryospheric hazard in a warming climate. We quantify the hydrologic and geomorphic response to 21 episodic GLOFs that began in April 2008 using multitemporal satellite imagery and field observations. Peak discharge exiting the source lake became progressively muted downstream. At ~40–60 km downstream, where the floods entered and traveled down the main stem Rio Baker, peak discharges were generally < 2000 m3 s−1, although these flows were still >1–2 times the peak annual discharge of this system, Chile's largest river by volume. As such, caution must be applied to empirical relationships relating lake volume to peak discharge, as the latter is dependent on where this observation is made along the flood path. The GLOFs and subsequent periods of free drainage resulted in > 40 m of incision, the net removal of ~25 × 106 m3 of sediment from the source lake basin, and a nonsteady channel configuration downstream. These results demonstrate that GLOFs sourced from low‐order tributaries can produce significant floods on major main stem rivers, in addition to significantly altering sediment dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL071374","usgsCitation":"Jacquet, J., McCoy, S., Mcgrath, D., Nimick, D., Fahey, M., O’kuinghttons, J., Friesen, B., and Leidich, J., 2017, Hydrologic and geomorphic changes resulting from episodic glacial lake outburst floods: Rio Colonia, Patagonia, Chile: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 2, p. 854-864, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071374.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"854","endPage":"864","ipdsId":"IP-079971","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071374","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Cachet‐Colonia‐Baker Valley, Patagonia, Rio Colonia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n -47.392771444278026\n ],\n [\n -73.004150390625,\n -47.392771444278026\n ],\n [\n -73.004150390625,\n -47.04065008156504\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n -47.04065008156504\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n -47.392771444278026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacquet, J.","contributorId":220403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacquet","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, S.W.","contributorId":192978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimick, David 0000-0002-8532-9192 dnimick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-9192","contributorId":220407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahey, Mark 0000-0002-1853-6992 mjfahey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1853-6992","contributorId":220404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahey","given":"Mark","email":"mjfahey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’kuinghttons, J.","contributorId":220405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’kuinghttons","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40165,"text":"Ministry of Public Works, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Friesen, B.A.","contributorId":220406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37275,"text":"none","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leidich, J.","contributorId":220408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leidich","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12885,"text":"Patagonia Adventure Expeditions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179186,"text":"70179186 - 2017 - Genetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:03:40","indexId":"70179186","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"The coincidence of a number of geologic and climatic factors combined to create conditions favorable for the development of mineable concentrations of uranium hosted by Eocene through Pliocene sandstones in the Texas Coastal Plain. Here 254 uranium occurrences, including 169 deposits, 73 prospects, 6 showings and 4 anomalies, have been identified. About 80 million pounds of U3O8 have been produced and about 60 million pounds of identified producible U3O8 remain in place. The development of economic roll-type uranium deposits requires a source, large-scale transport of uranium in groundwater, and deposition in reducing zones within a sedimentary sequence. The weight of the evidence supports a source from thick sequences of volcanic ash and volcaniclastic sediment derived mostly from the Trans-Pecos volcanic field and Sierra Madre Occidental that lie west of the region. The thickest accumulations of source material were deposited and preserved south and west of the San Marcos arch in the Catahoula Formation. By the early Oligocene, a formerly uniformly subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast transitioned to a zoned climate in which the southwestern portion of Texas Coastal Plain was dry, and the eastern portion humid. The more arid climate in the southwestern area supported weathering of volcanic ash source rocks during pedogenesis and early diagenesis, concentration of uranium in groundwater and movement through host sediments. During the middle Tertiary Era, abundant clastic sediments were deposited in thick sequences by bed-load dominated fluvial systems in long-lived channel complexes that provided transmissive conduits favoring transport of uranium-rich groundwater. Groundwater transported uranium through permeable sandstones that were hydrologically connected with source rocks, commonly across formation boundaries driven by isostatic loading and eustatic sea level changes. Uranium roll fronts formed as a result of the interaction of uranium-rich groundwater with either (1) organic-rich debris adjacent to large long-lived fluvial channels and barrier–bar sequences or (2) extrinsic reductants entrained in formation water or discrete gas that migrated into host units via faults and along the flanks of salt domes and shale diapirs. The southwestern portion of the region, the Rio Grande embayment, contains all the necessary factors required for roll-type uranium deposits. However, the eastern portion of the region, the Houston embayment, is challenged by a humid environment and a lack of source rock and transmissive units, which may combine to preclude the deposition of economic deposits. A grade and tonnage model for the Texas Coastal Plain shows that the Texas deposits represent a lower tonnage subset of roll-type deposits that occur around the world, and required aggregation of production centers into deposits based on geologic interpretation for the purpose of conducting a quantitative mineral resource assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.013","usgsCitation":"Hall, S.M., Mihalasky, M.J., Tureck, K., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Hannon, M., 2017, Genetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 80, p. 716-753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.013.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"753","ipdsId":"IP-068572","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Texas Coastal Plain","volume":"80","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2e5e4b01224f329b966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Susan M. 0000-0002-0931-8694 susanhall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-8694","contributorId":2481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Susan","email":"susanhall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mihalasky, Mark J. 0000-0002-0082-3029 mjm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3029","contributorId":3692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalasky","given":"Mark","email":"mjm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tureck, Kathleen ktureck@usgs.gov","contributorId":177591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tureck","given":"Kathleen","email":"ktureck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hannon, Mark mhannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":177592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Mark","email":"mhannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179183,"text":"70179183 - 2017 - Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10,000 nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:13:33","indexId":"70179183","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10,000 nests","docAbstract":"Many avian species are behaviorally-plastic in selecting nest sites, and may shift to new locations or habitats following an unsuccessful breeding attempt. If there is predictable spatial variation in predation risk, the process of many individuals using prior experience to adaptively change nest sites may scale up to create shifting patterns of nest density at a population level. We used 18 years of waterfowl nesting data to assess whether there were areas of consistently high or low predation risk, and whether low-risk areas increased, and high-risk areas decreased in nest density the following year. We created kernel density maps of successful and unsuccessful nests in consecutive years and found no correlation in predation risk and no evidence for adaptive shifts, although nest density was correlated between years. We also examined between-year correlations in nest density and nest success at three smaller spatial scales: individual nesting fields (10–28 ha), 16-ha grid cells and 4-ha grid cells. Here, results were similar across all scales: we found no evidence for year-to-year correlation in nest success but found strong evidence that nest density was correlated between years, and areas of high nest success increased in nest density the following year. Prior research in this system has demonstrated that areas of high nest density have higher nest success, and taken together, our results suggest that ducks may adaptively select nest sites based on the local density of conspecifics, rather than the physical location of last year's nest. In unpredictable environments, current cues, such as the presence of active conspecific nests, may be especially useful in selecting nest sites. The cues birds use to select breeding locations and successfully avoid predators deserve continued attention, especially in systems of conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/oik.03728","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, K.M., Eadie, J.M., Ackerman, J., Sih, A., Loughman, D.L., Yarris, G., Oldenburger, S.L., and McLandress, M.R., 2017, Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10,000 nests: Oikos, v. 126, no. 3, p. 332-338, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03728.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-056863","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2e9e4b01224f329b96c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, Kevin M.","contributorId":95806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sih, Andrew","contributorId":177597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sih","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loughman, Daniel L.","contributorId":167556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24747,"text":"California Waterfowl Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yarris, Gregory S.","contributorId":115361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oldenburger, Shaun L.","contributorId":177598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldenburger","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McLandress, M. Robert","contributorId":177599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLandress","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179155,"text":"70179155 - 2017 - Effects of thermal maturation and thermochemical sulfate reduction on compound-specific sulfur isotopic compositions of organosulfur compounds in Phosphoria oils from the Bighorn Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-20T14:03:07","indexId":"70179155","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thermal maturation and thermochemical sulfate reduction on compound-specific sulfur isotopic compositions of organosulfur compounds in Phosphoria oils from the Bighorn Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis was applied to a suite of 18 crude oils generated from the Permian Phosphoria Formation in the Bighorn Basin, western USA. These oils were generated at various levels of thermal maturity and some experienced thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). This is the first study to examine the effects of thermal maturation on stable sulfur isotopic compositions of individual organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in crude oil. A general trend of 34S enrichment in all of the studied compounds with increasing thermal maturity was observed, with the δ34S values of alkyl-benzothiophenes (BTs) tending to be enriched in 34S relative to those of the alkyl-dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) in lower-maturity oils. As thermal maturity increases, δ34S values of both BTs and DBTs become progressively heavier, but the difference in the average δ34S value of the BTs and DBTs (Δ34S BT-DBT) decreases. Differences in the isotopic response to thermal stress exhibited by these two compound classes are considered to be the result of relative differences in their thermal stabilities. TSR-altered Bighorn Basin oils have OSCs that are generally enriched in 34S relative to non-TSR-altered oils, with the BTs being enriched in 34S relative to the DBTs, similar to the findings of previous studies. However, several oils that were previously interpreted to have been exposed to minor TSR have Δ34S BT-DBT values that do not support this interpretation. The δ34S values of the BTs and DBTs in some of these oils suggest that they did not experience TSR, but were derived from a more thermally mature source. The heaviest δ34S values observed in the OSCs are enriched in 34S by up to 10‰ relative to that of Permian anhydrite in the Bighorn Basin, suggesting that there may be an alternate or additional source of sulfate in some parts of the basin. These results indicate that the sulfur isotopic composition of OSCs in oil provides a sensitive indicator for the extent of TSR, which cannot be determined from other bulk geochemical parameters. Moreover, when combined with additional geochemical and geologic evidence, the sulfur isotopic composition of OSCs in oils can help to identify the source of sulfate for TSR alteration in petroleum reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.10.004","usgsCitation":"Ellis, G.S., Said-Ahamed, W., Lillis, P.G., Shawar, L., and Amrani, A., 2017, Effects of thermal maturation and thermochemical sulfate reduction on compound-specific sulfur isotopic compositions of organosulfur compounds in Phosphoria oils from the Bighorn Basin, USA: Organic Geochemistry, v. 103, p. 63-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.10.004.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-076263","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.259033203125,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -109.259033203125,\n 45.263288531496876\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 45.263288531496876\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -109.259033203125,\n 43.58834891179792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51a3e4b01224f329b5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Said-Ahamed, Ward","contributorId":25740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said-Ahamed","given":"Ward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shawar, Lubna","contributorId":177555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shawar","given":"Lubna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179127,"text":"70179127 - 2017 - Mercury contamination and stable isotopes reveal variability in foraging ecology of generalist California gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T09:10:36","indexId":"70179127","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury contamination and stable isotopes reveal variability in foraging ecology of generalist California gulls","docAbstract":"Environmental contaminants are a concern for animal health, but contaminant exposure can also be used as a tracer of foraging ecology. In particular, mercury (Hg) concentrations are highly variable among aquatic and terrestrial food webs as a result of habitat- and site-specific biogeochemical processes that produce the bioaccumulative form, methylmercury (MeHg). We used stable isotopes and total Hg (THg) concentrations of a generalist consumer, the California gull (Larus californicus), to examine foraging ecology and illustrate the utility of using Hg contamination as an ecological tracer under certain conditions. We identified four main foraging clusters of gulls during pre-breeding and breeding, using a traditional approach based on light stable isotopes. The foraging cluster with the highest δ15N and δ34S values in gulls (cluster 4) had mean blood THg concentrations 614% (pre-breeding) and 250% (breeding) higher than gulls with the lowest isotope values (cluster 1). Using a traditional approach of stable-isotope mixing models, we showed that breeding birds with a higher proportion of garbage in their diet (cluster 2: 63–82% garbage) corresponded to lower THg concentrations and lower δ15N and δ34S values. In contrast, gull clusters with higher THg concentrations, which were more enriched in 15N and 34S isotopes, consumed a higher proportion of more natural, estuarine prey. δ34S values, which change markedly across the terrestrial to marine habitat gradient, were positively correlated with blood THg concentrations in gulls. The linkage we observed between stable isotopes and THg concentrations suggests that Hg contamination can be used as an additional tool for understanding animal foraging across coastal habitat gradients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.025","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J., and Eagles-Smith, C.A., 2017, Mercury contamination and stable isotopes reveal variability in foraging ecology of generalist California gulls: Ecological Indicators, v. 74, p. 205-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"215","ipdsId":"IP-077576","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590003e4b03639a6025e1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H. 0000-0003-2773-3901 sepeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-3901","contributorId":167181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"sepeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}