{"pageNumber":"993","pageRowStart":"24800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":57797,"text":"ofr20041230 - 2004 - Data from channel-change monitoring at selected sites in Maricopa County, Arizona, 1997-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:20","indexId":"ofr20041230","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1230","title":"Data from channel-change monitoring at selected sites in Maricopa County, Arizona, 1997-2002","docAbstract":"Stream channels in arid regions are subject to a wide range of hydrologic, hydraulic, and sedimentary conditions. These channels often are dry or have little streamflow most of the time, and the few flows that do occur can cause substantial changes to the channel and flood plain. Because floods in arid regions are often flashy, and many gaging stations are in remote areas, hydrographers must rely on indirect measurements of streamflow. Channel change is important because one major assumption necessary for indirect measurements of discharge is that the channel conditions after the flood represent the conditions during the peak discharge.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County, is monitoring selected perennial and ephemeral streams within Maricopa County, Arizona, to track the amount and variability of channel change. This report contains basic data from surveys of monumented cross sections conducted from 1997 through 2002. The amount of change varied widely from channel to channel, and the largest geomorphic change occurred in conjunction with peak flows above the 10-year recurrence interval.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041230","usgsCitation":"O’Day, C.M., 2004, Data from channel-change monitoring at selected sites in Maricopa County, Arizona, 1997-2002 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1230, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041230.","productDescription":"61 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr20041230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Day, Christine M.","contributorId":87625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Day","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57802,"text":"sir20045116 - 2004 - Microbial and Dissolved Organic Carbon Characterization of Stormflow in the Santa Ana River at Imperial Highway, Southern California, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"sir20045116","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5116","title":"Microbial and Dissolved Organic Carbon Characterization of Stormflow in the Santa Ana River at Imperial Highway, Southern California, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"The Santa Ana River drains about 2,670 square miles of densely populated coastal southern California, near Los Angeles. Almost all the flow in the river, more than 200,000 acre-feet annually, is diverted to ponds where it infiltrates and recharges underlying aquifers pumped to supply water for more than 2 million people. Base flow in the river is almost entirely treated municipal wastewater discharged from upstream treatment plants and, in the past, stormflow was considered a source of high-quality water suitable for use as a source of ground-water recharge that would dilute poorer quality water recharged during base flow. \r\n\r\n     Stormflow in the Santa Ana River at the Imperial Highway diversion contains total coliform bacteria concentrations as high as 3,400,000 colonies per 100 mL (milliliters). Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, including fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci, were as high as 310,000, 84,000, and 102,000 colonies per 100 mL, respectively. Although concentrations were high owing to urban runoff during the first stormflow of the rainy season, the highest concentrations occurred during the recessional flows of the first stormflow of the rainy season after streamflow returned to pre-storm conditions. Molecular indicators of microbiological organisms in stormflow, including phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and genetic data, show that the diversity of the total microbial population decreases during stormflow while fecal indicator bacteria concentrations increase. This suggests that the source of the bacteria must be poorly diverse and dominated by only a few types of bacteria. Although direct runoff of fecal indicator bacteria from urban areas occurs, this process cannot explain the very high concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in runoff from upstream parts of the basin characterized by urban, agricultural (including more than 300,000 head of dairy cattle), and other land uses. Although other explanations are possible, fecal indicator bacteria concentrations and molecular microbiological data indicate accumulation and extended survival of bacteria in streambed sediments, and subsequent mobilization of those sediments and associated bacteria during stormflow. Both PLFA and genetic data indicate that water from dairy-waste storage ponds was not present during sampled stormflows. This is consistent with the relatively dry conditions and the absence of large stormflows during the study. \r\n\r\n     Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in stormflow ranged from 3 to 15.3 mg/L. In general, concentrations increased during stormflow and were distributed across the stormflow hydrograph in a manner similar to that of fecal indicator bacteria. DOC concentrations typically remained high for several days after flow returned to pre-storm conditions. Ultraviolet absorbance, excitation emission spectroscopy, and sequential fractionation of DOC using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins showed that the composition of DOC changed rapidly during stormflow. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic acids were the largest fraction of DOC composing between 27 and 45 percent and between 24 and 37 percent of the DOC, respectively. \r\n\r\n     The fraction of DOC composed of hydrophobic acids decreased due to urban runoff and increased during the recession of the first stormflow of the rainy season; the hydrophilic-acid fraction generally decreased throughout the stormflow hydrograph; the transhydrophilic-acid fraction did not vary greatly during stormflow; and the hydrophobic-neutral fraction increased from low values in base flow to almost 30 percent of the DOC after more soluble and more mobile hydrophobic and hydrophilic acids were washed from urban areas. Comparison of ultraviolet absorbance data with data collected during previous studies shows that the optical properties and, presumably, the composition of the DOC were different in this study than DOC collected during wetter periods. \r\n\r\n     Samples of shallow ground water collec","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045116","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Pimentel, M.I., Leddy, M., and Bergamaschi, B., 2004, Microbial and Dissolved Organic Carbon Characterization of Stormflow in the Santa Ana River at Imperial Highway, Southern California, 1999-2002 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5116, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045116.","productDescription":"80 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62dec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pimentel, M. Isabel","contributorId":54257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leddy, Menu","contributorId":11697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leddy","given":"Menu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54029,"text":"wri034047 - 2004 - Development and Application of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Estimating Atrazine Concentration Distributions in Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"wri034047","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4047","title":"Development and Application of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Estimating Atrazine Concentration Distributions in Streams","docAbstract":"Regression models were developed for predicting atrazine concentration distributions in rivers and streams, using the Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) methodology. Separate regression equations were derived for each of nine percentiles of the annual distribution of atrazine concentrations and for the annual time-weighted mean atrazine concentration. In addition, seasonal models were developed for two specific periods of the year--the high season, when the highest atrazine concentrations are expected in streams, and the low season, when concentrations are expected to be low or undetectable. Various nationally available watershed parameters were used as explanatory variables, including atrazine use intensity, soil characteristics, hydrologic parameters, climate and weather variables, land use, and agricultural management practices. Concentration data from 112 river and stream stations sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment and National Stream Quality Accounting Network Programs were used for computing the concentration percentiles and mean concentrations used as the response variables in regression models. Tobit regression methods, using maximum likelihood estimation, were used for developing the models because some of the concentration values used for the response variables were censored (reported as less than a detection threshold). Data from 26 stations not used for model development were used for model validation.\r\n\r\n     The annual models accounted for 62 to 77 percent of the variability in concentrations among the 112 model development stations. Atrazine use intensity (the amount of atrazine used in the watershed divided by watershed area) was the most important explanatory variable in all models, but additional watershed parameters significantly increased the amount of variability explained by the models. Predicted concentrations from all 10 models were within a factor of 10 of the observed concentrations at most model development and model validation stations. Results for the two sets of seasonal models were similar. Concentration distributions derived from the seasonal-model predictions provided additional information compared to distributions derived from the annual models.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034047","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., Crawford, C.G., and Gilliom, R.J., 2004, Development and Application of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Estimating Atrazine Concentration Distributions in Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4047, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034047.","productDescription":"81 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54146,"text":"sir20045046 - 2004 - Hydrologic and geochemical evaluation of aquifer storage recovery in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo Aquifer, Charleston, South Carolina, 1998-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T15:42:11","indexId":"sir20045046","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5046","displayTitle":"Hydrologic and Geochemical Evaluation of Aquifer Storage Recovery in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo Aquifer, Charleston, South Carolina, 1998-2002","title":"Hydrologic and geochemical evaluation of aquifer storage recovery in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo Aquifer, Charleston, South Carolina, 1998-2002","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrologic and geochemical effects of aquifer storage recovery were evaluated to determine the potential for supplying the city of Charleston, South Carolina, with large quantities of potable water during emergencies, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or hard freezes. An aquifer storage recovery system, including a production well and three observation wells, was installed at a site located on the Charleston peninsula. The focus of this study was the 23.2-meter thick Tertiary-age carbonate and sand aquifer of the Santee Limestone and the Black Mingo Group, the northernmost equivalent of the Floridan aquifer system. Four cycles of injection, storage, and recovery were conducted between October 1999 and February 2002. Each cycle consisted of injecting between 6.90 and 7.19 million liters of water for storage periods of 1, 3, or 6 months. The volume of recovered water that did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standard for chloride (250 milligrams per liter) varied from 1.48 to 2.46 million liters, which is equivalent to 21 and 34 percent of the total volume injected for the individual tests. Aquifer storage recovery testing occurred within two productive zones of the brackish Santee Limestone/Black Mingo aquifer. The individual productive zones were determined to be approximately 2 to 4 meters thick, based on borehole geophysical logs, electromagnetic flow-meter testing, and specific-conductance profiles collected within the observation wells. A transmissivity and storage coefficient of 37 meters squared per day and 3 x 10-5, respectively, were determined for the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo aquifer. Water-quality and sediment samples collected during this investigation documented baseline aquifer and injected water quality, aquifer matrix composition, and changes in injected/aquifer water quality during injection, storage, and recovery. A total of 193 water-quality samples were collected and analyzed for physical properties, major and minor ions, and nutrients. The aquifer and treated surface water were sodiumchloride and calcium/sodium-bicarbonate water types, respectively. Forty-five samples were collected and analyzed for total trihalomethane. Total trihalomethane data collected during aquifer storage recovery cycle 4 indicated that this constituent would not restrict the use of recovered water for drinking-water purposes. Analysis of six sediment samples collected from a cored well located near the aquifer storage recovery site showed that quartz and calcite were the dominant minerals in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo aquifer. Estimated cation exchange capacity ranged from 12 to 36 milliequivalents per 100 grams in the lower section of the aquifer. A reactive transport model was developed that included two 2-meter thick layers to describe each of the production zones. The four layers composing the production zones were assigned porosities ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 and hydraulic conductivities ranging from 1 to 8.4 meters per day. Specific storage of the aquifer and confining units was estimated to be 1.5 x 10-5 meter-1. Longitudinal dispersivity of all layers was specified to be 0.5 meter. Leakage through the confining unit was estimated to be minimal and, therefore, not used in the reactive transport modeling. Inverse geochemical modeling indicates that mixing, cation exchange, and calcite dissolution are the dominant reactions that occur during aquifer storage recovery testing in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo aquifer. Potable water injected into the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo aquifer evolved chemically by mixing with brackish background water and reaction with calcite and cation exchangers in the sediment. Reactive-transport model simulations indicated that the calcite and exchange reactions could be treated as equilibrium processes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045046","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., Parkhurst, D.L., Conlon, K.J., Campbell, B.G., and Mirecki, J.E., 2004, Hydrologic and geochemical evaluation of aquifer storage recovery in the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo Aquifer, Charleston, South Carolina, 1998-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5046, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045046.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5592,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Santee Limestone/Black Mingo Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.6451416015625,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6451416015625,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.31579589843749,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.31579589843749,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6451416015625,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mirecki, June E.","contributorId":93577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirecki","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":57775,"text":"sir20045094 - 2004 - Analysis of phosphorus trends and evaluation of sampling designs in the Quinebaug River Basin, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:02","indexId":"sir20045094","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5094","title":"Analysis of phosphorus trends and evaluation of sampling designs in the Quinebaug River Basin, Connecticut","docAbstract":"A time-series analysis approach developed by the U.S. Geological Survey was used to analyze trends in total phosphorus and evaluate optimal sampling designs for future trend detection, using long-term data for two water-quality monitoring stations on the Quinebaug River in eastern Connecticut. Trend-analysis results for selected periods of record during 1971?2001 indicate that concentrations of total phosphorus in the Quinebaug River have varied over time, but have decreased significantly since the 1970s and 1980s. Total phosphorus concentrations at both stations increased in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but were still substantially lower than historical levels. Drainage areas for both stations are primarily forested, but water quality at both stations is affected by point discharges from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities. \r\n\r\nVarious designs with sampling frequencies ranging from 4 to 11 samples per year were compared to the trend-detection power of the monthly (12-sample) design to determine the most efficient configuration of months to sample for a given annual sampling frequency. Results from this evaluation indicate that the current (2004) 8-sample schedule for the two Quinebaug stations, with monthly sampling from May to September and bimonthly sampling for the remainder of the year, is not the most efficient 8-sample design for future detection of trends in total phosphorus. Optimal sampling schedules for the two stations differ, but in both cases, trend-detection power generally is greater among 8-sample designs that include monthly sampling in fall and winter. Sampling designs with fewer than 8 samples per year generally provide a low level of probability for detection of trends in total phosphorus. \r\n\r\nManagers may determine an acceptable level of probability for trend detection within the context of the multiple objectives of the state?s water-quality management program and the scientific understanding of the watersheds in question. Managers may identify a threshold of probability for trend detection that is high enough to justify the agency?s investment in the water-quality sampling program. Results from an analysis of optimal sampling designs can provide an important component of information for the decision-making process in which sampling schedules are periodically reviewed and revised.\r\n\r\nResults from the study described in this report and previous studies indicate that optimal sampling schedules for trend detection may differ substantially for different stations and constituents. A more comprehensive statewide evaluation of sampling schedules for key stations and constituents could provide useful information for any redesign of the schedule for water-quality monitoring in the Quinebaug River Basin and elsewhere in the state.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045094","usgsCitation":"Todd Trench, E.C., 2004, Analysis of phosphorus trends and evaluation of sampling designs in the Quinebaug River Basin, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5094, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045094.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6802eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd Trench, Elaine C.","contributorId":88031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121500,"text":"70121500 - 2004 - Integrating digital information for coastal and marine sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:26:14","indexId":"70121500","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-22T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2238,"text":"Journal of Digital Information Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating digital information for coastal and marine sciences","docAbstract":"A pilot distributed geolibrary, the Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB), was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, to classify, integrate, and facilitate access to scientific information about oceans, coasts, and lakes. The MRIB is composed of a categorization scheme, a metadata database, and a specialized software backend, capable of drawing together information from remote sources without modifying their original format or content. Twelve facets are used to classify information: location, geologic time, feature type, biota, discipline, research method, hot topics, project, agency, author, content type, and file type. The MRIB approach allows easy and flexible organization of large or growing document collections for which centralized repositories would be impractical. Geographic searching based on the gazetteer and map interface is the centerpiece of the MRIB distributed geolibrary. The MRIB is one of a very few digital libraries that employ georeferencing -- a fundamentally different way to structure information from the traditional author/title/subject/keyword approach employed by most digital libraries. Lessons learned in developing the MRIB will be useful as other digital libraries confront the challenges of georeferencing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Digital Information Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Digital Information Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Marincioni, F., Lightsom, F.L., Riall, R.L., Linck, G.A., Aldrich, T., and Caruso, M.J., 2004, Integrating digital information for coastal and marine sciences: Journal of Digital Information Management, v. 2, no. 3, p. 132-141.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292857,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dirf.org/jdim/v2i3.asp"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f85963e4b03f038c5c1826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marincioni, Fausto","contributorId":53879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincioni","given":"Fausto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riall, Rebecca L.","contributorId":42655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riall","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linck, Guthrie A.","contributorId":52263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linck","given":"Guthrie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas C.","contributorId":20403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caruso, Michael J.","contributorId":8010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70121491,"text":"70121491 - 2004 - Methane hydrate studies: Delineating properties of host sediments to establish reproducible decomposition kinetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T19:20:40.158281","indexId":"70121491","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-22T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Methane hydrate studies: Delineating properties of host sediments to establish reproducible decomposition kinetics","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have presented a summary of measurements on the physical properties of sediments relevant to methane hydrate recovery. The data includes not only geotechnical determinations, but also the CMT data that gives porosity values and pathways through the sediment material. The results show that CMT techniques can be used to study sediment properties on a micrometer-size scale. Since the technique is non-destructive, changes in the sediment microstructures as a function of pressure and temperature can be measured. It is also feasible to look at formation of methane hydrates in the sediment structure as has already been demonstrated [7–9]. A longer term challenge is to start from the microscale data and calculate the macroscopic quantities shown in Table 2. We also note that the CMT measurements help in identification of different minerals found in the sediments. This feature of CMT was not exploited in this survey.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in study of gas hydrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/0-306-48645-8_16","usgsCitation":"Mahajan, D., Servio, P., Jones, K.W., Feng, H., and Winters, W.J., 2004, Methane hydrate studies: Delineating properties of host sediments to establish reproducible decomposition kinetics, chap. 16 <i>of</i> Advances in study of gas hydrates, p. 239-250, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48645-8_16.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1409758/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":292851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f8596ce4b03f038c5c184f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taylor, C.E.","contributorId":112153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509956,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwwan, J.T.","contributorId":113301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwwan","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509957,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Mahajan, Devinder","contributorId":86277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahajan","given":"Devinder","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servio, Phillip","contributorId":51666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servio","given":"Phillip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Keith W.","contributorId":9185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feng, Huan","contributorId":16333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Huan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121480,"text":"70121480 - 2004 - Comparison of fluorescence microscopy and solid-phase cytometry methods for counting bacteria in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T10:10:06","indexId":"70121480","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-22T10:02:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of fluorescence microscopy and solid-phase cytometry methods for counting bacteria in water","docAbstract":"Total direct counts of bacterial abundance are central in assessing the biomass and bacteriological quality of water in ecological and industrial applications. Several factors have been identified that contribute to the variability in bacterial abundance counts when using fluorescent microscopy, the most significant of which is retaining an adequate number of cells per filter to ensure an acceptable level of statistical confidence in the resulting data. Previous studies that have assessed the components of total-direct-count methods that contribute to this variance have attempted to maintain a bacterial cell abundance value per filter of approximately 10<sup>6</sup> cells filter<sup>-1</sup>. In this study we have established the lower limit for the number of bacterial cells per filter at which the statistical reliability of the abundance estimate is no longer acceptable. Our results indicate that when the numbers of bacterial cells per filter were progressively reduced below 10<sup>5</sup>, the microscopic methods increasingly overestimated the true bacterial abundance (range, 15.0 to 99.3%). The solid-phase cytometer only slightly overestimated the true bacterial abundances and was more consistent over the same range of bacterial abundances per filter (range, 8.9 to 12.5%). The solid-phase cytometer method for conducting total direct counts of bacteria was less biased and performed significantly better than any of the microscope methods. It was also found that microscopic count data from counting 5 fields on three separate filters were statistically equivalent to data from counting 20 fields on a single filter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.9.5343-5348.2004","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., Hamilton, M.A., Willse, A.R., and McFeters, G.A., 2004, Comparison of fluorescence microscopy and solid-phase cytometry methods for counting bacteria in water: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 9, p. 5343-5348, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.9.5343-5348.2004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5343","endPage":"5348","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/520900","text":"External Repository"},{"id":292839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.9.5343-5348.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f8594ee4b03f038c5c17ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Martin A.","contributorId":92180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willse, Alan R.","contributorId":52901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willse","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McFeters, Gordon A.","contributorId":45636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFeters","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70121476,"text":"70121476 - 2004 - Analysis of coral mucus as an improved medium for detection of enteric microbes and for determining patterns of sewage contamination in reef environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T09:57:11","indexId":"70121476","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-22T09:54:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of coral mucus as an improved medium for detection of enteric microbes and for determining patterns of sewage contamination in reef environments","docAbstract":"Traditional fecal indicator bacteria are often subject to a high degree of die-off and dilution in tropical marine waters, particularly in offshore areas such as coral reefs. Furthermore, these microbes are often not associated with human waste, and their presence may not be indicative of health risk. To address the offshore extent of wastewater contamination in the Florida Keys reef tract, we assayed coral surfaces for the presence of human-specific enteric viruses. The overlying water column and surface mucopolysaccharide (mucus) layers from scleractinian corals were sampled from three stations along a nearshore-to-offshore transect beginning at Long Key in the middle Florida Keys, USA. Samples were assayed for standard bacterial water quality indicators (fecal coliform bacteria and enterococci) and for human enteroviruses by direct reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentration of the bacterial indicators was greatest at the nearshore station in both the water column and corals, and decreased with distance from shore; no indicator bacteria were detected at the offshore station. Whereas human enteroviruses were not detected in any of the water column samples, they were detected in 50–80% of coral mucus samples at each station. These data provide evidence that human sewage is impacting the reef tract up to ~6.5 km from shore in the middle Florida Keys and that coral mucus is an efficient trap for viral markers associated with anthropogenic pollution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoHealth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-004-0132-4","usgsCitation":"Lipp, E.K., and Griffin, D.W., 2004, Analysis of coral mucus as an improved medium for detection of enteric microbes and for determining patterns of sewage contamination in reef environments: EcoHealth, v. 1, no. 3, p. 317-323, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-004-0132-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292832,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-004-0132-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.9875,24.3963 ], [ -82.9875,25.3543 ], [ -80.1502,25.3543 ], [ -80.1502,24.3963 ], [ -82.9875,24.3963 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f85944e4b03f038c5c174b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70121299,"text":"70121299 - 2004 - Where in the world are my field plots?  Using GPS effectively in environmental field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T16:04:48","indexId":"70121299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-20T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where in the world are my field plots?  Using GPS effectively in environmental field studies","docAbstract":"Global positioning system (GPS) technology is rapidly replacing tape, compass, and traditional surveying instruments as the preferred tool for estimating the positions of environmental research sites. One important problem, however, is that it can be difficult to estimate the uncertainty of GPS-derived positions. Sources of error include various satellite- and site-related factors, such as forest canopy and topographic obstructions. In a case study from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, hand-held, mapping-grade GPS receivers generally estimated positions with 1–5 m precision in open, unobstructed settings, and 20–30 m precision under forest canopy. Surveying-grade receivers achieved precisions of 10 cm or less, even in challenging terrain. Users can maximize the quality of their GPS measurements by “mission planning” to take advantage of high-quality satellite conditions. Repeated measurements and simultaneous data collection at multiple points can be used to assess accuracy and precision.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0475:WITWAM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.E., and Barton, C.C., 2004, Where in the world are my field plots?  Using GPS effectively in environmental field studies: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 2, no. 9, p. 475-482, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0475:WITWAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"482","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292713,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0475:WITWAM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b65be4b09d12e0e8e71c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Chris E.","contributorId":17539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Christopher C.","contributorId":61901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70121286,"text":"70121286 - 2004 - Assessment of estuarine water-quality indicators using MODIS medium-resolution bands: initial results from Tampa Bay, FL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:29:05.970251","indexId":"70121286","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-20T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of estuarine water-quality indicators using MODIS medium-resolution bands: initial results from Tampa Bay, FL","docAbstract":"Using Tampa Bay, FL as an example, we explored the potential for using MODIS medium-resolution bands (250- and 500-m data at 469-, 555-, and 645-nm) for estuarine monitoring. Field surveys during 21–22 October 2003 showed that Tampa Bay has Case-II waters, in that for the salinity range of 24–32 psu, (a) chlorophyll concentration (11 to 23 mg m<sup>−3</sup>), (b) colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm (0.9 to 2.5 m<sup>−1</sup>), and (c) total suspended sediment concentration (TSS: 2 to 11 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) often do not co-vary. CDOM is the only constituent that showed a linear, inverse relationship with surface salinity, although the slope of the relationship changed with location within the bay. The MODIS medium-resolution bands, although designed for land use, are 4–5 times more sensitive than Landsat-7/ETM+ data and are comparable to or higher than those of CZCS. Several approaches were used to derive synoptic maps of water constituents from concurrent MODIS medium-resolution data. We found that application of various atmospheric-correction algorithms yielded no significant differences, due primarily to uncertainties in the sensor radiometric calibration and other sensor artifacts. However, where each scene could be groundtruthed, simple regressions between in situ observations of constituents and at-sensor radiances provided reasonable synoptic maps. We address the need for improvements of sensor calibration/characterization, atmospheric correction, and bio-optical algorithms to make operational and quantitative use of these medium-resolution bands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.007","usgsCitation":"Hu, C., Chen, Z., Clayton, T.D., Swarzenski, P.W., Brock, J., and Muller-Karger, F.E., 2004, Assessment of estuarine water-quality indicators using MODIS medium-resolution bands: initial results from Tampa Bay, FL: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 93, no. 3, p. 423-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.007.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292699,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.755578,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.520902 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64ae4b09d12e0e8e652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Chuanmin","contributorId":24696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Chuanmin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Zhiqiang","contributorId":54516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Zhiqiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, Tonya D.","contributorId":82622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Tonya","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":535669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muller-Karger, Frank E.","contributorId":68230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Karger","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70121266,"text":"70121266 - 2004 - Dust storms and their impact on ocean and human health: dust in Earth's atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T14:01:33","indexId":"70121266","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-20T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust storms and their impact on ocean and human health: dust in Earth's atmosphere","docAbstract":"Satellite imagery has greatly influenced our understanding of dust activity on a global scale.  A number of different satellites such as NASA's Earth-Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Se-viewing Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) acquire daily global-scale data used to produce imagery for monitoring dust storm formation and movement.  This global-scale imagery has documented the frequent transmission of dust storm-derived soils through Earth's atmosphere and the magnitude of many of these events.  While various research projects  have been  undertaken to understand this normal planetary process, little has been done to address its impact on ocean and human health.  This review will address the ability of dust storms to influence marine microbial population densities and transport of soil-associated toxins and pathogenic microorganisms to marine environments.  The implications of dust on ocean and human health in this emerging scientific field will be discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoHealth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-004-0120-8","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., and Kellog, C.A., 2004, Dust storms and their impact on ocean and human health: dust in Earth's atmosphere: EcoHealth, v. 1, no. 3, p. 284-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-004-0120-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":227,"text":"Earth Surface Dynamics Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292667,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-004-0120-8"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64ee4b09d12e0e8e693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellog, Christina A.","contributorId":81031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellog","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206009,"text":"70206009 - 2004 - A bootstrap approach to computing uncertainty in inferred oil and gas reserve estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T15:27:33","indexId":"70206009","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-17T14:23:43","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bootstrap approach to computing uncertainty in inferred oil and gas reserve estimates","docAbstract":"<p>This study develops confidence intervals for estimates of inferred oil and gas reserves based on bootstrap procedures. Inferred reserves are expected additions to proved reserves in previously discovered conventional oil and gas fields. Estimates of inferred reserves accounted for 65% of the total oil and 34% of the total gas assessed in the U.S. Geological Survey’s 1995 National Assessment of oil and gas in US onshore and State offshore areas. When the same computational methods used in the 1995 Assessment are applied to more recent data, the 80-year (from 1997 through 2076) inferred reserve estimates for pre-1997 discoveries located in the lower 48 onshore and state offshore areas amounted to a total of 39.7 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and 293 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas. The 90% confidence interval about the oil estimate derived from the bootstrap approach is 22.4 BBO to 69.5 BBO. The comparable 90% confidence interval for the inferred gas reserve estimate is 217 TCF to 413 TCF. The 90% confidence interval describes the uncertainty that should be attached to the estimates. It also provides a basis for developing scenarios to explore the implications for energy policy analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:NARR.0000023306.15215.aa","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Coburn, T.C., 2004, A bootstrap approach to computing uncertainty in inferred oil and gas reserve estimates: Natural Resources Research, v. 13, no. 1, p. 45-52, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NARR.0000023306.15215.aa.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coburn, Timothy C.","contributorId":26011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coburn","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199578,"text":"70199578 - 2004 - The role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge at San Gorgonio Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:08:18","indexId":"70199578","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T21:07:49","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge at San Gorgonio Pass, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone plays a critical role in determining the suitability of a site for artificial recharge. Optimally, a suitable site has highly permeable soils, a capacity for horizontal flow at the aquifer boundary, a lack of impeding layers, and a thick unsaturated zone. The suitability of a site is often determined by field and laboratory measurements of soil properties, field experiments, and numerical modeling. An artificial recharge site in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California, USA was studied to better understand the role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge by surface spreading. Field measurements and observations were used to characterize the site and to develop a conceptual model of the unsaturated zone. A numerical model was developed based on the conceptual model and calibrated using data from a 50-d artificial recharge experiment conducted in 1991 and borehole data collected between 1997 and 2002. Results indicate that an impeding layer exists 70 m below land surface that will cause lateral diversion of artificially recharged water, which would spread out and delay recharge to the water table 185 m below land surface.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0763","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., and Ellett, K.M., 2004, The role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge at San Gorgonio Pass, California: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 3, p. 763-774, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0763.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"774","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gorgonio Pass","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e7e7e4b034bf6a8007f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellett, Kevin M.","contributorId":205955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellett","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37197,"text":"Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56835,"text":"ofr20041258 - 2004 - New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T20:11:57.500942","indexId":"ofr20041258","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1258","title":"New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041258","usgsCitation":"Daniels, D.L., and Snyder, S.L., 2004, New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1258, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041258.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68323.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.7529296875,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.32421875,\n              45.27488643704891\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.4560546875,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.67578124999999,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.115234375,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.90625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.169921875,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.751953125,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3232421875,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.630859375,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.388671875,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.2568359375,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6083984375,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7841796875,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.939453125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.32421875,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7529296875,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69772,"text":"sim2827 - 2004 - Geologic Map of the Woodland Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"sim2827","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2827","title":"Geologic Map of the Woodland Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"The Woodland 7.5' quadrangle is situated in the Puget-Willamette Lowland approximately 50 km north of Portland, Oregon (fig. 1). The lowland, which extends from Puget Sound into west-central Oregon, is a complex structural and topographic trough that lies between the Coast Range and the Cascade Range. Since late Eocene time, the Cascade Range has been the locus of an active volcanic arc associated with underthrusting of oceanic lithosphere beneath the North American continent along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The Coast Range occupies the forearc position within the Cascadia arc-trench system and consists of a complex assemblage of Eocene to Miocene volcanic and marine sedimentary rocks. \r\n\r\nThe Woodland quadrangle lies at the northern edge of the Portland Basin, a roughly 2000-km2 topographic and structural depression that is the northernmost of several sediment-filled structural basins, which collectively constitute the Willamette Valley segment of the Puget-Willamette Lowland (Beeson and others, 1989; Swanson and others, 1993; Yeats and others, 1996). The Portland Basin is approximately 70 km long and 30 km wide; its long dimension is oriented northwest. Its northern boundary coincides, in part, with the lower Lewis River, which flows westward through the center of the quadrangle. The Lewis drains a large area in the southern Washington Cascade Range, including the southern flank of Mount St. Helens approximately 25 km upstream from the quadrangle, and joins the Columbia River about 6 km south of Woodland (fig. 1). Northwest of Woodland, the Columbia River exits the broad floodplain of the Portland Basin and flows northward through a relatively narrow bedrock valley at an elevation near sea level. The flanks of the Portland Basin consist of Eocene through Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks that rise to elevations exceeding 2000 ft (610 m). Seismic-reflection profiles (L.M. Liberty, written commun., 2003) and lithologic logs of water wells (Swanson and others, 1993; Mabey and Madin, 1995) indicate that as much as 550 m of late Miocene and younger sediments have accumulated in the deepest part of the basin near Vancouver. Most of this basin-fill material was carried in from the east by the Columbia River but sediment deposited by streams draining the adjacent highlands are locally important. \r\n\r\nThe Portland Basin has been interpreted as a pull-apart basin located in the releasing stepover between two en echelon, northwest-striking, right-lateral fault zones (Beeson and others, 1985, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990; Yelin and Patton, 1991; Blakely and others, 1995). These fault zones are thought to reflect regional transpression and dextral shear within the forearc in response to oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone (Pezzopane and Weldon, 1993; Wells and others, 1998). The southwestern margin of the Portland Basin is a well-defined topographic break along the base of the Tualatin Mountains, an asymmetric anticlinal ridge that is bounded on its northeast flank by the Portland Hills Fault Zone (Balsillie and Benson, 1971; Beeson and others, 1989; Blakely and others, 1995), which is probably an active structure (Wong and others, 2001; Liberty and others, 2003). The nature of the corresponding northeastern margin of the basin is less clear, but a poorly defined and partially buried dextral extensional fault zone has been hypothesized from topography, microseismicity, potential field-anomalies, and reconnaissance geologic mapping (Beeson and others, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990; Yelin and Patton, 1991; Blakely and others, 1995). Another dextral structure may control the north-northwest-trending reach of the Columbia River between Portland and Longview (Blakely and others, 1995; Evarts, 2002; Evarts and others, 2002). \r\n\r\nThis map is a contribution to a U.S. Geological Survey program designed to improve the geologic database for the Portland Basin part of the Pacific Northwest urban corridor,","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2827","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., 2004, Geologic Map of the Woodland Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2827, 38 p. pamphlet, database, map sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2827.","productDescription":"38 p. pamphlet, database, map sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110493,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"67708"},{"id":187627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2827/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57729,"text":"ofr20041304 - 2004 - Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T16:07:28.121949","indexId":"ofr20041304","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1304","title":"Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","docAbstract":"<p>Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were collected in approximately 3- kilometer-wide swaths over selected areas in El Dorado and Plumas Counties that contain serpentinite and ultramafic rocks as part of an experiment to determine if potentially asbestos-bearing rocks could be identified spectrally. M ineral maps created from the AVIRIS data were used successfully to delineate exposures of serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc in areas with up to 70 percent vegetation cover in some cases. In other cases, the density of vegetation is so high that it prevented spectral identification by AVIRIS of minerals in those areas, thus there may be more serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc present than is shown on the mineral maps. It also is important to note that not all tremolite-actinolite is fibrous, and just because tremolite-actinolite was mapped, does not necessarily mean it is tremolite- or actinolite-asbestos. Finally, it is difficult to spectrally distinguish tremolite-actinolite from talc using AVIRIS. Serpentine has been detected outside of known serpentinite outcrop areas, mostly as aggregate that covers dirt roads. Four flight lines of AVIRIS data were analyzed over areas selected to show trends in degree of surface exposure as a function of elevation and vegetation cover. Field checking has verified the accuracy of the mineral maps at 25 accessible locations. Eleven additional flight lines remain to be analyzed and field checked pending future funding. AVIRIS mineral mapping has shown promise as a complement to field mapping but cannot replace it. Because AVIRIS is a remote-sensing technology, the presence of serpentine or tremolite-actinolite would have to be verified in the field by direct observation and by appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis, if needed. At this time, no conclusions regarding the presence or absence of asbestos minerals in the identified areas are possible from the AVIRIS data alone. Identification of asbestos minerals in the identified areas would require appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis of the materials in those areas. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041304","usgsCitation":"Swayze, G.A., Higgins, C.T., Clinkenbeard, J.P., Kokaly, R., Clark, R.N., Meeker, G.P., and Sutley, S.J., 2004, Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1304, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041304.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110506,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68615"},{"id":5980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":380265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/OF-2004-1304_508.pdf","size":"24.4 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"El Dorado County, Plumas County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.3714599609375,\n              39.23650795487107\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              39.23650795487107\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              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1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Chris T.","contributorId":64942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clinkenbeard, John P.","contributorId":33036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clinkenbeard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":57763,"text":"pp1695 - 2004 - The effects of urbanization on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of coastal New England streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T11:25:24.376779","indexId":"pp1695","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1695","title":"The effects of urbanization on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of coastal New England streams","docAbstract":"<p>During August 2000, responses of biological communities (invertebrates, fish, and algae), physical habitat, and water chemistry to urban intensity were compared among 30 streams within 80 miles of Boston, Massachusetts. Sites chosen for sampling represented a gradient of the intensity of urban development (urban intensity) among drainage basins that had minimal natural variability. In this study, spatial differences were used as surrogates for temporal changes to represent the effects of urbanization over time. The degree of urban intensity for each drainage basin was characterized with a standardized urban index (0-100, lowest to highest) derived from land cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic variables. Multivariate and multimetric analyses were used to compare urban index values with biological, physical, and chemical data to determine how the data indicated responses to urbanization. Multivariate ordinations were derived for the invertebrate-, fish-, and algae-community data by use of correspondence analysis, and ordinations were derived for the chemical and physical data by use of principal-component analysis. Site scores from each of the ordinations were plotted in relation to the urban index to test for a response. In all cases, the primary axis scores showed the strongest response to the urban index, indicating that urbanization was a primary factor affecting the data ordination.</p><p>For the multimetric analyses, each of the biological data sets was used to calculate a series of community metrics. For the sets of chemical and physical data, the individual variables and various combinations of individual variables were used as measured and derived metrics, respectively. Metrics that were generally most responsive to the urban index for each data set included: EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) taxa for invertebrates; cyprinid taxa for fish; diatom taxa for algae; bicarbonate, conductivity, and nitrogen for chemistry; and water depth and temperature for physical habitat. The slopes of the responses generally were higher between the urban index values of 0 to 35, indicating that the greatest change in aquatic health may occur between low and moderate levels of urban intensity. Additionally, many of the responses showed that at urban index values greater than 35, there was a threshold effect where the response variable no longer changed with respect to urban intensity. Recognizing and understanding this type of response is important in management and monitoring programs that rely on decisive interpretations of variable responses. Any biological, physical, or chemical variable that is used to characterize stream health over a gradient of disturbance would not be a reliable indicator when a level of disturbance is reached where the variable does not respond in a predictable manner.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1695","usgsCitation":"Coles, J.F., Cuffney, T.F., McMahon, G., and Beaulieu, K., 2004, The effects of urbanization on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of coastal New England streams: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1695, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1695.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54214,"text":"sir20045068 - 2004 - Evaluation of Methods Used for Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics, and Flood Frequency and Magnitude, for Small Basins in North Coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"sir20045068","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5068","title":"Evaluation of Methods Used for Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics, and Flood Frequency and Magnitude, for Small Basins in North Coastal California","docAbstract":"Accurate streamflow statistics are essential to water resource agencies involved in both science and decision-making. When long-term streamflow data are lacking at a site, estimation techniques are often employed to generate streamflow statistics. However, procedures for accurately estimating streamflow statistics often are lacking. When estimation procedures are developed, they often are not evaluated properly before being applied. Use of unevaluated or underevaluated flow-statistic estimation techniques can result in improper water-resources decision-making. The California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) uses two key techniques, a modified rational equation and drainage basin area-ratio transfer, to estimate streamflow statistics at ungaged locations. These techniques have been implemented to varying degrees, but have not been formally evaluated. For estimating peak flows at the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals, the SWRCB uses the U.S. Geological Survey\u0019s (USGS) regional peak-flow equations. In this study, done cooperatively by the USGS and SWRCB, the SWRCB estimated several flow statistics at 40 USGS streamflow gaging stations in the north coast region of California. The SWRCB estimates were made without reference to USGS flow data. The USGS used the streamflow data provided by the 40 stations to generate flow statistics that could be compared with SWRCB estimates for accuracy. While some SWRCB estimates compared favorably with USGS statistics, results were subject to varying degrees of error over the region. Flow-based estimation techniques generally performed better than rain-based methods, especially for estimation of December 15 to March 31 mean daily flows. The USGS peak-flow equations also performed well, but tended to underestimate peak flows. The USGS equations performed within reported error bounds, but will require updating in the future as peak-flow data sets grow larger. Little correlation was discovered between estimation errors and geographic locations or various basin characteristics. However, for 25-percentile year mean-daily-flow estimates for December 15 to March 31, the greatest estimation errors were at east San Francisco Bay area stations with mean annual precipitation less than or equal to 30 inches, and estimated 2-year/24-hour rainfall intensity less than 3 inches.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045068","usgsCitation":"Mann, M.P., Rizzardo, J., and Satkowski, R., 2004, Evaluation of Methods Used for Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics, and Flood Frequency and Magnitude, for Small Basins in North Coastal California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5068, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045068.","productDescription":"100 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5327,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4784e4b07f02db483ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Michael P.","contributorId":72866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rizzardo, Jule","contributorId":67161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzardo","given":"Jule","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Satkowski, Richard","contributorId":19230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satkowski","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69773,"text":"sim2834 - 2004 - Geologic Map of the Saint Helens Quadrangle, Columbia County, Oregon, and Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"sim2834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2834","title":"Geologic Map of the Saint Helens Quadrangle, Columbia County, Oregon, and Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"The Saint Helens 7.5' quadrangle is situated in the Puget-Willamette Lowland approximately 35 km north Portland, Oregon. The lowland, which extends from Puget Sound into west-central Oregon, is a complex structural and topographic trough that lies between the Coast Range and the Cascade Range. Since late Eocene time, Cascade Range has been the locus of a discontinuously active volcanic arc associated with underthrusting of\r\noceanic lithosphere beneath the North American continent along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The Coast Range occupies the forearc position within the Cascadia arc-trench system and consists of a complex assemblage of\r\nEocene to Miocene volcanic and marine sedimentary rocks.\r\n\r\nThe Saint Helens quadrangle lies in the northern part of the Portland Basin, a roughly 2000-km2 topographic and structural depression. It is the northernmost of several sediment-filled structural basins that\r\ncollectively constitute the Willamette Valley segment of the Puget-Willamette Lowland (Beeson and others, 1989; Swanson and others, 1993; Yeats and others, 1996). The rhomboidal basin is approximately 70 km long and 30 km wide, with its long dimension oriented northwest. The Columbia River flows west and north through the Portland Basin at an elevation near sea level and exits through a confined bedrock valley less than 2.5 km wide about 16 km north of Saint Helens. The flanks of the basin consist of Eocene through Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks that rise to elevations exceeding 2000 ft (610 m). Seismic-reflection profiles (L.M. Liberty, written commun., 2003) and lithologic logs of water wells (Swanson and others, 1993; Mabey and Madin, 1995) indicate that as much as 550 m of late Miocene and younger sediments have accumulated in the deepest part of the basin near Vancouver. Most of this basin-fill material was carried in from the east by the Columbia River but contributions from streams draining the adjacent highlands are locally important. \r\n\r\nThe Portland Basin has been interpreted as a pull-apart basin located in the releasing stepover between two echelon, northwest-striking, right-lateral fault zones (Beeson and others, 1985, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990; Yelin and Patton, 1991; Blakely and others, 1995). These fault zones are thought to reflect regional transpression and dextral shear within the forearc in response to oblique subduction along the Cascadia Subduction Zone Pezzopane and Weldon, 1993; Wells and others, 1998). The southwestern margin of the Portland Basin is a well-defined topographic break along the base of the Tualatin Mountains, an asymmetric anticlinal ridge that is bounded its northeast flank by the Portland Hills Fault Zone (Balsillie and Benson, 1971; Beeson and others, 1989; Blakely and others, 1995), which is probably an active structure (Wong and others, 2001; Liberty and others, 2003). The nature of the corresponding northeastern margin of the basin is less clear, but a poorly defined and partially buried dextral extensional fault zone has been hypothesized from topography, microseismicity, potential fieldanomalies, and reconnaissance geologic mapping (Beeson and others, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990; Yelin and Patton, 1991; Blakely and others, 1995). Another dextral structure, the Kalama Structural Zone of Evarts (2002), may underlie the north-northwest-trending reach of the Columbia River north of Woodland (Blakely and others, 1995). \r\n\r\nThis map is a contribution to a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) program designed to improve the geologic database for the Portland Basin region of the Pacific Northwest urban corridor, the populated forearc region of western Washington and Oregon. Better and more detailed information on the bedrock and surficial geology of the basin and its surrounding area is needed to refine assessments of seismic risk (Yelin and Patton, 1991; Bott and Wong, 1993), ground-failure hazards (Madin and Wang, 1999; Wegmann and Walsh, 2001) and resource availability in this rapid","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2834","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., 2004, Geologic Map of the Saint Helens Quadrangle, Columbia County, Oregon, and Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2834, map, 34 by 44 inches; 24 p. pamphlet; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2834.","productDescription":"map, 34 by 44 inches; 24 p. pamphlet; data files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110492,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67707.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"67707"},{"id":187628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2834/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57788,"text":"sir20045093 - 2004 - Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"sir20045093","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5093","title":"Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Over the past few decades, New Hampshire has experienced considerable population growth, which is forcing some communities to look for alternative public and private water supplies in the bedrock aquifer. Because the quality of water from the aquifer can vary, the U.S. Geological Survey statistically analyzed well data from 1,353 domestic and 360 public-supply bedrock wells to characterize the ground water. The domestic-well data were from homeowner-collected samples analyzed by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) Environmental Laboratory from 1984 to 1994. Bedrock water in New Hampshire often contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, arsenic, and radon gas. Water samples from 21 percent of the domestic bedrock wells contained arsenic above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10 micrograms per liter (?g/L) drinking-water standard for public-water supplies, and 96 percent had radon concentrations greater than the USEPA-proposed 300 picocurie per liter (pCi/L) standard for public-water supplies. Some elevated fluoride concentrations (2 percent of samples) were above the 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) USEPA drinking-water standard for public-water supplies. Water from the bedrock aquifer also typically is soft to moderately hard, and has a pH greater than 7.0.\r\n\r\nVariations in bedrock water quality were discernable when the data were compared to lithochemical groupings of the bedrock, indicating that the type of bedrock has an effect on the quality of water in the bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire. Ground-water samples from the metasedimentary lithochemical group have greater concentrations of total iron and total manganese than do the felsic and mafic igneous lithochemical groups. Ground-water samples from the felsic igneous group have higher concentrations of total fluoride than do those from the other lithochemical groups. For arsenic, the calcareous metasedimentary group was identified, using the public-supply database, as having higher concentrations, on average, than the other lithochemical groups. The use of a radon-gas-potential classification of bedrock in the State indicated where high radon concentrations in the air and in water from private and public-supply wells were more likely to occur. \r\n\r\nIn general, samples from the bedrock aquifer tend to have higher pH (are less acidic), greater hardness, much higher concentrations of iron, similar concentrations of manganese, and higher concentrations of fluoride and arsenic than do samples from stratified-drift aquifers in New Hampshire. An understanding of the water-quality conditions of water in bedrock aquifers is important from a public-health perspective because an increasing number of domestic bedrock wells are being drilled and relied upon as a source of drinking water in the State.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045093","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., 2004, Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5093, v, 30 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045093.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6515fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Richard Bridge","contributorId":90712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56767,"text":"ofr20041236 - 2004 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 1. Depth to bedrock determinations using shallow seismic data acquired in the Straight Creek drainage near Red River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T19:23:26.411193","indexId":"ofr20041236","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1236","displayTitle":"Questa Baseline and Pre-Mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation. 1. Depth to Bedrock Determinations Using Shallow Seismic Data Acquired in the Straight Creek Drainage Near Red River, New Mexico","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 1. Depth to bedrock determinations using shallow seismic data acquired in the Straight Creek drainage near Red River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In late May and early June of 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired four P-wave seismic profiles across the Straight Creek drainage near Red River, New Mexico. The data were acquired to support a larger effort to investigate baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River basin (Nordstrom and others, 2002). For ground-water flow modeling, knowledge of the thickness of the valley fill material above the bedrock is required. When curved-ray refraction tomography was used with the seismic first arrival times, the resulting images of interval velocity versus depth clearly show a sharp velocity contrast where the bedrock interface is expected. The images show that the interpreted buried bedrock surface is neither smooth nor sharp, but it is clearly defined across the valley along the seismic line profiles. The bedrock models defined by the seismic refraction images are consistent with the well data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041236","usgsCitation":"Powers, M.H., and Burton, B., 2004, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 1. Depth to bedrock determinations using shallow seismic data acquired in the Straight Creek drainage near Red River, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1236, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041236.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401799,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68292.htm"},{"id":5649,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,36.63333333333333 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.75 ], [ -105.33333333333333,36.75 ], [ -105.33333333333333,36.63333333333333 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":255735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56766,"text":"fs20043061 - 2004 - Availability Of Ground-Water Data For California, Water Year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"fs20043061","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3061","title":"Availability Of Ground-Water Data For California, Water Year 2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the groundwater resources of California each water year (October 1?September 30). These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. Beginning with the 1985 water year and continuing through 1993, these data were published in a report series entitled ?Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data.? Prior to the introduction of this series, historical ground-water information was published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043061","usgsCitation":"Huff, J., 2004, Availability Of Ground-Water Data For California, Water Year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3061, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043061.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3061.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Julia A.","contributorId":23130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Julia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56773,"text":"sir20045028 - 2004 - Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20045028","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5028","title":"Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida","docAbstract":"Acoustic and optic methods were applied to estimate suspended-solids concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, southeastern Florida. Acoustic Doppler velocity meters were installed at the North Fork, Speedy Point, and Steele Point sites within the estuary. These sites provide varying flow, salinity, water-quality, and channel cross-sectional characteristics. The monitoring site at Steele Point was not used in the analyses because repeated instrument relocations (due to bridge construction) prevented a sufficient number of samples from being collected at the various locations. Acoustic and optic instruments were installed to collect water velocity, acoustic backscatter strength (ABS), and turbidity data that were used to assess the feasibility of estimating suspended-solids concentrations in the estuary. Other data collected at the monitoring sites include tidal stage, salinity, temperature, and periodic discharge measurements. \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nRegression analyses were used to determine the relations of suspended-solids concentration to ABS and suspended-solids concentration to turbidity at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. For samples used in regression analyses, measured suspended-solids concentrations at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites ranged from 3 to 37 milligrams per liter, and organic content ranged from 50 to 83 percent. Corresponding salinity for these samples ranged from 0.12 to 22.7 parts per thousand, and corresponding temperature ranged from 19.4 to 31.8 ?C. Relations determined using this technique are site specific and only describe suspended-solids concentrations at locations where data were collected. The suspended-solids concentration to ABS relation resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.63 at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites, respectively. The suspended-solids concentration to turbidity relation resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.73 and 0.89 at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites, respectively. The adequacy of the empirical equations seems to be limited by the number and distribution of suspended-solids samples collected throughout the expected concentration range at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. Additionally, the ABS relations for both sites seem to overestimate at the low end and underestimate at the high end of the concentration range. \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nBased on the sensitivity analysis, temperature had a greater effect than salinity on estimated suspended-solids concentrations. Temperature also appeared to affect ABS data, perhaps by changing the absorptive and reflective characteristics of the suspended material. Salinity and temperature had no observed effects on the turbidity relation at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. \r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\nEstimates of suspended-solids concentrations using ABS data were less 'erratic' than estimates using turbidity data. Combining ABS and turbidity data into one equation did not improve the accuracy of results, and therefore, was not considered.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045028","usgsCitation":"Patino, E., and Byrne, M., 2004, Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5028, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045028.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Michael J.","contributorId":8550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":55673,"text":"sir20045044 - 2004 - Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:56:23.188738","indexId":"sir20045044","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5044","title":"Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03","docAbstract":"<p><span>Implementation of an order by the International Joint Commission in January 2000 has changed operating procedures for dams that regulate two large reservoirs in Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota. These new procedures were expected to restore a more natural water regime and affect water levels, water quality, and trophic status. Results of laboratory analyses and field measurements of chemical and physical properties from May 2001 through September 2003 were compared to similar data collected prior to the change in operating procedures. Rank sum tests showed significant decreases in chlorophyll-a concentrations and trophic state indices for Kabetogama Lake (p=0.021) and Black Bay (p=0.007). There were no significant decreases in total phosphorus concentration, however, perhaps due to internal cycling of phosphorus. No sites had significant trends in seasonal total phosphorus concentrations, with the exception of May samples from Sand Point Lake, which had a significant decreasing trend (tau=-0.056, probability=0.03). May chlorophyll-a concentrations for Kabetogama Lake showed a significant decreasing trend (tau=-0.42, probability=0.05). Based on mean chlorophyll trophic-state indices (2001-03), Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes would be classified oligotrophic to mesotrophic, and Kabetogama Lake and Rainy Lake at Black Bay would be classified as mesotrophic. The classification of Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes remain the same for data collected prior to the change in operating procedures. In contrast, the trophic classification of Kabetogama Lake and Rainy Lake at Black Bay has changed from eutrophic to mesotrophic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Payne, G.A., and Kallemeyn, L.W., 2004, Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5044, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045044.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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