We parameterized and applied a deterministic salmon production model to infer the degree to which river flows and temperatures may limit freshwater production potential of the Klamath River in California. Specific parameter requirements, data sources, and significant assumptions are discussed in detail. Model simulations covered a wide variety of historical hydrologic and meteorologic conditions for 40+ years of environmental data.
\nThe model was calibrated only qualitatively, appearing to perform well in predicted outmigrant timing, but overestimating growth. Egg-to-outmigrant survival was near that reported for other rivers north of the Klamath River.
\nPredicted production potential appeared to be determined by multiple causes involving both regularly occurring habitat-related constraints and irregularly occurring exposure to high water temperatures. Simulated production was greatest in years of intermediate water availability and was constrained in both dry and wet years, but for different reasons. Reducing mortality associated with limitations to juvenile habitat, if possible, would be expected to have the highest payoff in increasing production. Water temperature was important in determining predicted production in some years but overall was not predicted to be as important as physical microhabitat. No single mortality cause acted as a true “bottleneck” on production.
\nModel uncertainty is addressed through a sensitivity analysis. Predicted habitat area may be a large source of model uncertainty and sensitivity, but collectively, model parameters associated with timing of events (for example spawning, fry emergence, and emigration) or related triggers control much of the model sensitivity.
\n\n
Though model uncertainty remains, one can begin to explore potential alternatives to reduce production limitations. Specific recommendations are made regarding future study and reducing uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061249","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., and Henriksen, J.A., 2006, Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1249, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061249.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"119","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061249.PNG"},{"id":320228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ],\n [\n -123.255615234375,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -122.9644775390625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 43.41701888881103\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 42.91620643817353\n ],\n [\n -124.068603515625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67201a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028171,"text":"70028171 - 2006 - Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:55:19","indexId":"70028171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","docAbstract":"Simulations of infiltration during three ephemeral streamflow events in a coarse‐grained alluvial channel overlying a less permeable basin‐fill layer were conducted to determine the relative contribution of transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow to cumulative infiltration for the event. Water content, temperature, and piezometric measurements from 2.5‐m vertical profiles within the alluvial sediments were used to constrain a variably saturated water flow and heat transport model. Simulated and measured transient infiltration rates at the onset of streamflow were about two to three orders of magnitude greater than steady state infiltration rates. The duration of simulated transient infiltration ranged from 1.8 to 20 hours, compared with steady state flow periods of 231 to 307 hours. Cumulative infiltration during the transient period represented 10 to 26% of the total cumulative infiltration, with an average contribution of approximately 18%. Cumulative infiltration error for the simulated streamflow events ranged from 9 to 25%. Cumulative infiltration error for typical streamflow events of about 8 hours in duration in is about 90%. This analysis indicates that when estimating total cumulative infiltration in coarse‐grained ephemeral stream channels, consideration of the transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow will improve predictions of the total volume of infiltration that may become groundwater recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004049","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., Ferré, T., Hoffmann, J.P., and Fleming, J.B., 2006, Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08405; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004049.","productDescription":"Article W08405; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa67be4b0c8380cd84e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":416896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, John B.","contributorId":33788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028157,"text":"70028157 - 2006 - An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:13:03","indexId":"70028157","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","docAbstract":"The presence of gas hydrate in marine sediments alters their physical properties. In some circumstances, gas hydrate may cement sediment grains together and dramatically increase the seismic P- and S-wave velocities of the composite medium. Hydrate may also form a load-bearing structure within the sediment microstructure, but with different seismic wave attenuation characteristics, changing the attenuation behaviour of the composite. Here we introduce an inversion algorithm based on effective medium modelling to infer hydrate saturations from velocity and attenuation measurements on hydrate-bearing sediments. The velocity increase is modelled as extra binding developed by gas hydrate that strengthens the sediment microstructure. The attenuation increase is modelled through a difference in fluid flow properties caused by different permeabilities in the sediment and hydrate microstructures. We relate velocity and attenuation increases in hydrate-bearing sediments to their hydrate content, using an effective medium inversion algorithm based on the self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM) theory, and Biot and squirt flow mechanisms of fluid flow. The inversion algorithm is able to convert observations in compressional and shear wave velocities and attenuations to hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space. We applied our algorithm to a data set from the Mallik 2L–38 well, Mackenzie delta, Canada, and to data from laboratory measurements on gas-rich and water-saturated sand samples. Predictions using our algorithm match the borehole data and water-saturated laboratory data if the proportion of hydrate contributing to the load-bearing structure increases with hydrate saturation. The predictions match the gas-rich laboratory data if that proportion decreases with hydrate saturation. We attribute this difference to differences in hydrate formation mechanisms between the two environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Chand, S., Minshull, T., Priest, J., Best, A., Clayton, C., and Waite, W., 2006, An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: Geophysical Journal International, v. 166, no. 2, p. 543-552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488257,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1771","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x"}],"volume":"166","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ee4b0c8380cd486ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chand, S.","contributorId":27384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minshull, T.A.","contributorId":75815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minshull","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, J.A.","contributorId":75869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Best, A.I.","contributorId":75082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, C.R.I.","contributorId":7213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"C.R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015175,"text":"1015175 - 2006 - The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:40:16","indexId":"1015175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","docAbstract":"It is becoming more apparent that commonly used statistical methods (e.g. analysis of variance and regression) are not the best methods for estimating limiting relationships or stressor effects. A major challenge of estimating the effects associated with a measured subset of limiting factors is to account for the effects of unmeasured factors in an ecologically realistic matter. We used quantile regression to elucidate multiple stressor effects on end-of-season biomass data from two salt marsh sites in coastal Louisiana collected for 18 yr. Stressor effects evaluated based on available data were flooding, salinity air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation deficit, grazing by muskrat, and surface water nitrogen and phosphorus. Precipitation deficit combined with surface water nitrogen provided the best two-parameter model to explain variation in the peak biomass with different slopes and intercepts for the two study sites. Precipitation deficit, cloud cover, and temperature were significantly correlated with each other. Surface water nitrogen was significantly correlated with surface water phosphorus and muskrat density. The site with the larger duration of flooding showed reduced peak biomass, when cloud cover and surface water nitrogen were optimal. Variation in the relatively low salinity occurring in our study area did not explain any of the variation in Spartina alterniflora biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02782001","usgsCitation":"Visser, J., Sasser, C., and Cade, B., 2006, The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 2, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02782001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66764b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visser, J.M.","contributorId":23900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015169,"text":"1015169 - 2006 - A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:25:48","indexId":"1015169","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","docAbstract":"This paper presents a national-scale map of habitat suitability for tamarisk (Tamarix spp, salt cedar), a high-priority invasive species. We successfully integrate satellite data and tens of thousands of field sampling points through logistic regression modeling to create a habitat suitability map that is 90% accurate. This interagency effort uses field data collected and coordinated through the US Geological Survey and nationwide environmental data layers derived from NASA's MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We demonstrate the use of the map by ranking the 48 continental US states (and the District of Columbia) based on their absolute, as well as proportional, areas of “highly likely” and “moderately likely” habitat for Tamarix. The interagency effort and modeling approach presented here could be used to map other harmful species, in the US and globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morisette, J., Jarnevich, C., Ullah, A., Cai, W., Pedelty, J., Gentle, J., Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ullah, A.","contributorId":82664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullah","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, W.","contributorId":9216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedelty, J.A.","contributorId":41788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedelty","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gentle, J.E.","contributorId":81066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentle","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70010340,"text":"70010340 - 2006 - Field tests of acoustic telemetry for a portable coastal observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70010340","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field tests of acoustic telemetry for a portable coastal observatory","docAbstract":"Long-term field tests of a low-cost acoustic telemetry system were carried out at two sites in Massachusetts Bay. At each site, an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a bottom tripod was fitted with an acoustic modem to transmit data to a surface buoy; electronics mounted on the buoy relayed these data to shore via radio modem. The mooring at one site (24 m water depth) was custom-designed for the telemetry application, with a custom designed small buoy, a flexible electro-mechanical buoy to mooring joint using a molded chain connection to the buoy, quick-release electro-mechanical couplings, and dual hydrophones suspended 7 m above the bottom. The surface buoy at the second site (33 m water depth) was a U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) channel buoy fitted with telemetry electronics and clamps to hold the hydrophones. The telemetry was tested in several configurations for a period of about four years. The custom-designed buoy and mooring provided nearly error-free data transmission through the acoustic link under a variety of oceanographic conditions for 261 days at the 24 m site. The electro mechanical joint, cables and couplings required minimal servicing and were very reliable, lasting 862 days deployed before needing repairs. The acoustic communication results from the USCG buoy were poor, apparently due to the hard cobble bottom, noise from the all-steel buoy, and failure of the hydrophone assembly. Access to the USCG buoy at sea required ideal weather. ??2006 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS 2006","conferenceTitle":"OCEANS 2006","conferenceDate":"18 September 2006 through 21 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2006.306825","isbn":"1424401151; 9781424401154","usgsCitation":"Martini, M., Butman, B., Ware, J., and Frye, D., 2006, Field tests of acoustic telemetry for a portable coastal observatory, in OCEANS 2006, Boston, MA, 18 September 2006 through 21 September 2006, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2006.306825.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2006.306825"},{"id":218863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fe0e4b0c8380cd53a58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ware, J.","contributorId":65984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ware","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frye, D.","contributorId":53084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028802,"text":"70028802 - 2006 - Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028802","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","docAbstract":"Human recreational disturbance and its effects on wildlife demographics and behavior is an increasingly important area of research. We monitored the nesting success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in coastal North Carolina in 2002 and 2003. We also used video monitoring at nests to measure the response of incubating birds to human recreation. We counted the number of trips per hour made by adult birds to and from the nest, and we calculated the percent time that adults spent incubating. We asked whether human recreational activities (truck, all-terrain vehicle [ATV], and pedestrian traffic) were correlated with parental behavioral patterns. Eleven a priori models of nest survival and behavioral covariates were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to see whether incubation behavior influenced nest survival. Factors associated with birds leaving their nests (n = 548) included ATV traffic (25%), truck traffic (17%), pedestrian traffic (4%), aggression with neighboring oystercatchers or paired birds exchanging incubation duties (26%), airplane traffic (1%) and unknown factors (29%). ATV traffic was positively associated with the rate of trips to and away from the nest (??1 = 0.749, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with percent time spent incubating (??1 = -0.037, P = 0.025). Other forms of human recreation apparently had little effect on incubation behaviors. Nest survival models incorporating the frequency of trips by adults to and from the nest, and the percentage of time adults spent incubating, were somewhat supported in the AIC analyses. A low frequency of trips to and from the nest and, counter to expectations, low percent time spent incubating were associated with higher daily nest survival rates. These data suggest that changes in incubation behavior might be one mechanism by which human recreation affects the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-084.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., and Simons, T., 2006, Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 118, no. 4, p. 485-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1.","startPage":"485","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477411,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/240823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1"},{"id":236787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028662,"text":"70028662 - 2006 - Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T14:03:11","indexId":"70028662","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"Pre-2002 tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the rupture zone of the M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake (DFE) and on adjacent segments of the right-lateral Denali–Totschunda fault system in central Alaska, using a three-dimensional boundary-element program. The segments modeled closely follow, for about 95°, the arc of a circle of radius 375 km centered on an inferred asperity near the northeastern end of the intersection of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust under Prince William Sound. The loading model includes slip of 6 mm/yr below 12 km along the fault system, consistent with rotation of the Wrangell block about the asperity at a rate of about 1°/m.y. as well as slip of the Pacific plate at 5 cm/yr at depth along the Fairweather–Queen Charlotte transform fault system and on the Alaska megathrust. The model is consistent with most available pre-2002 Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement rate data. Coulomb stresses induced on the Denali–Totschunda fault system (locked above 12 km) by slip at depth and by transfer from the M 9.2 Prince William Sound earthquake of 1964 dominated the changing Coulomb stress distribution along the fault. The combination of loading (∼70–85%) and coseismic stress transfer from the great 1964 earthquake (∼15–30%) were the principal post-1900 stress factors building toward strike-slip failure of the northern Denali and Totschunda segments in the M 7.9 earthquake of November 2002. Postseismic stresses transferred from the 1964 earthquake may also have been a significant factor. The M 7.2–7.4 Delta River earthquake of 1912 (Carver et al., 2004) may have delayed or advanced the timing of the DFE, depending on the details and location of its rupture. The initial subevent of the 2002 DFE earthquake was on the 40-km Susitna Glacier thrust fault at the western end of the Denali fault rupture. The Coulomb stress transferred from the 1964 earthquake moved the Susitna Glacier thrust fault uniformly away from thrust failure by about 100 kPa. The initiation of the Denali fault earthquake was advanced by transfer of 30–50 kPa of positive Coulomb stress to the Susitna Glacier fault (Anderson and Ji, 2003) by the nearby M 6.7 Nenana Mountain foreshock of 23 October 2002. The regional tectonic loading model used here suggests that the Semidi (Alaska Peninsula) segment of the megathrust that ruptured in 1938 (M 8.2) may be reloaded and approaching failure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C.G., 2006, Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1662-1674, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050007.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, Charles G. cbufe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"Charles","email":"cbufe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":419114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029292,"text":"70029292 - 2006 - Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel","docAbstract":"A high-resolution, stationary geophysical and geochemical survey was conducted at Dor Beach, Israel, to examine the shallow coastal hydrogeology and its control on the exchange of submarine groundwater with the shallow Mediterranean Sea. Time-series resistivity profiles using a new 56 electrode (112-m long) marine cable produced detailed profiles of the fresh water/salt water interface and the subtle response of this interface to tidal excursions and other forcing factors. Such information, when ground-truthed with representative pore water salinities and formation resistivity values, can provide unique information of the extent and rates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Time-series 222Rn measurements of the adjacent coastal water column complemented these geophysical techniques and were modeled to yield integrated advective flow rates across the sediment/water interface, which at Dor Beach ranged from about 0 to 30 cm day-1 (mean = 7.1 cm d-1), depending on the tidal range. Such results suggest that the underlying hydrogeologic framework at Dor is favorable for substantial SGD. Extrapolating these SGD estimates across a 100-m wide coastal zone implies that the Rn-derived SGD rate would equal ???7.1 m3 d-1 per m of shoreline, and that the source of this discharging groundwater is a complex mixture of fresh groundwater derived from the upland Kurkar deposits, as well as locally recycled seawater. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL028282","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Burnett, W.C., Greenwood, W., Herut, B., Peterson, R., Dimova, N., Shalem, Y., Yechieli, Y., and Weinstein, Y., 2006, Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028282.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477535,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028282"}],"volume":"33","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dae4b0c8380cd4cd2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W.J.","contributorId":33518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, R.","contributorId":69773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dimova, N.","contributorId":66051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shalem, Y.","contributorId":84971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1008403,"text":"1008403 - 2006 - Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T22:06:40.282209","indexId":"1008403","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","title":"Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","docAbstract":"Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts preyed selectively on O. septentrionalis tadpoles, supporting the hypothesis that newts acted as keystone predators in the invaded assemblage. The presence of nonindigenous larval cane toads, Bufo marinus, did not significantly affect native species, and this species was not negatively affected by the presence of newts. Collectively, these results suggest that eastern newts significantly modified the competitive hierarchy of the invaded tadpole assemblage and reduced the impacts of a competitively superior invasive species. If general, these results suggest that the presence of certain species may be an essential factor regulating the ecological impacts of biological invasions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., 2006, Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species: Oecologia, v. 148, no. 2, p. 342-349, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kevin G.","contributorId":100755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031118,"text":"70031118 - 2006 - A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex","docAbstract":"New high-precision thermal ionization mass-spectrometric (TIMS) U-series ages of solitary corals (Balanophyllia elegans) from several marine terrace localities along the California and southern Oregon coasts date to the ???80,000 yr BP high stand of sea, correlative with marine isotope substage 5a, late in the last interglacial complex. Ages of multiple corals from localities north of Point An??o Nuevo (central California) and San Nicolas Island (southern California) suggest that this high sea stand could have lasted at least 8000 yr, from ???84,000 to ???76,000 yr BP. These ages overlap with those from marine deposits on tectonically stable Bermuda and tectonically emergent Barbados. Higher-elevation terraces at two California localities, in the Palos Verdes Hills and on San Nicolas Island, have corals with ages that range mostly from ???121,000 to ???116,000 yr BP, correlative with marine isotope substage 5e. These ages are similar to those reported for other terraces in southern California but are younger than some ages reported from Hawaii, Barbados and the Bahamas. Marine terrace faunas are excellent proxies for nearshore marine paleotemperatures during past high sea stands. Terraces on the Palos Verdes Hills and San Nicolas Island dated to the ???120,000 yr BP high sea stand have dominantly zoogeographically \"neutral\" species in exposed coastal localities, indicating nearshore waters similar to those of today. In contrast, ???80,000 yr BP, exposed coastal localities typically have molluscan faunas characterized by numerous extralimital northern species and a lack of extralimital southern species. These fossil assemblages are indicative of nearshore water temperatures that were cooler than modern temperatures at ???80,000 yr BP. Waters at least as warm as today's at ???120,000 yr BP and cooler than present at ???80,000 yr BP are in excellent agreement with marine alkenone records and coastal vegetation records derived from pollen data, from both southern and northern California. Decreased insolation or increased upwelling seem inadequate to explain the cool waters off the Pacific Coast from southern Oregon to southern California at ???80,000 yr BP. We propose that a stronger California Current (or at least one with a greater component of subarctic waters) may explain cooler-than-modern coastal waters during the ???80,000 yr BP high sea stand. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Simmons, K.R., Kennedy, G.L., Ludwig, K., and Groves, L., 2006, A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex, in Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 3-4, p. 235-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014.","startPage":"235","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39be4b0c8380cd46119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, G. L.","contributorId":23944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Groves, L.T.","contributorId":46306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008391,"text":"1008391 - 2006 - The influence of disturbance events on survival and dispersal rates of Florida box turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-10T11:55:52","indexId":"1008391","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of disturbance events on survival and dispersal rates of Florida box turtles","docAbstract":"Disturbances have the potential to cause long-term effects to ecosystem structure and function, and they may affect individual species in different ways. Long-lived vertebrates such as turtles may be at risk from such events, inasmuch as their life histories preclude rapid recovery should extensive mortality occur. We applied capture–mark–recapture models to assess disturbance effects on a population of Florida box turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri) on Egmont Key, Florida, USA. Near the midpoint of the study, a series of physical disturbances affected the island, from salt water overwash associated with several tropical storms to extensive removal of nonindigenous vegetation. These disturbances allowed us to examine demographic responses of the turtle population and to determine if they affected dispersal throughout the island. Adult survival rates did not vary significantly either between sexes or among years of the study. Survival rates did not vary significantly between juvenile and adult turtles, or among years of the study. Furthermore, neither adult nor juvenile survival rates differed significantly between pre- and post-disturbance. However, dispersal rates varied significantly among the four major study sites, and dispersal rates were higher during the pre-disturbance sampling periods compared to post-disturbance. Our results suggest few long-term effects on the demography of the turtle population. Florida box turtles responded to tropical storms and vegetation control by moving to favorable habitats minimally affected by the disturbances and remaining there. As long as turtles and perhaps other long-lived vertebrates can disperse to non-disturbed habitat, and high levels of mortality do not occur in a population, a long life span may allow them to wait out the impact of disturbance with potentially little effect on long-term population processes.
The shift from explosive to effusive silicic volcanism seen in many historical eruptions reflects a change in the style of degassing of erupted magma. This paper focuses on such a transition during the largest eruption of the twentieth century, the 1912 eruption of Novarupta. The transition is recorded in a dacite block bed, which covers an elliptical area of 4 km2 around the vent. Approximately 700 studied blocks fall into four main lithologic categories: (1) pumiceous, (2) dense, (3) flow-banded dacites, and (4) welded breccias. Textural analyses of the blocks indicate portions of the melt underwent highly variable degrees of outgassing. Vesicle populations show features characteristic of bubble coalescence and collapse. A decrease in measured vesicularity and increased evidence for bubble collapse compared with pumice from earlier Plinian episodes mark the transition from closed- to open-system degassing. Block morphology and textures strongly suggest the magma was first erupted as a relatively gas-rich lava dome/plug, but incomplete out-gassing led to explosive disruption. Heterogeneous degassing of ascending magma began in Plinian Episode III and resulted in instability during Episode IV dome growth and a (series of) Vulcanian explosion(s). Modeling of the dynamics of explosion initiation and ejecta dispersal indicates that a significant concentration in gas is required to produce the explosions responsible for the observed block field dispersal. The amount of gas available in the hot pumiceous dome material appears to have been inadequate to drive the explosion(s); therefore, external water most likely contributed to the destruction. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25768.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Houghton, B.F., Fagents, S., and Hildreth, W., 2006, The transition from explosive to effusive eruptive regime: The example of the 1912 Novarupta eruption, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 5-6, p. 620-634, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25768.1.","startPage":"620","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25768.1"}],"volume":"118","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb138e4b08c986b32527e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.K.","contributorId":83729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagents, S.A.","contributorId":58840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028346,"text":"70028346 - 2006 - Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028346","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan","docAbstract":"The Usoi dam was created in the winter of 1911 after an enormous seismogenic rock slide completely blocked the valley of the Bartang River in the Pamir Mountains of southeastern Tajikistan. At present the dam impounds 17 million cubic meters of water in Lake Sarez. Flood volume and discharge estimates were made for several landslide generated floods that could overtop the dam. For landslide volumes of 200, 500, and 1,000 million cubic meters, estimated overtopping flood volumes were 2, 22, and 87 million cubic meters of water, respectively. Estimated peak discharge at the dam for these three flood scenarios were 57,000, 490,000, and 1,580,000 m3/s, based on triangular hydrographs of 70-, 90-, and 110-s durations, respectively. Flood-routing simulations were made for the three landslide-induced overtopping floods over a 530-km reach of the Bartang and Panj Rivers below the Usoi dam. A one-dimensional flow model using a Riemann numerical solution technique was selected for the analysis. For the 87 million cubic meter volume overtopping flood scenario, the peak flows were approximately 1, 100, 800, and 550 m3/s at locations 50, 100, and 150 km downstream of the dam respectively. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Walder, J.S., and Denlinger, R., 2006, Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan: Natural Hazards, v. 38, no. 3, p. 375-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9.","startPage":"375","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9"},{"id":236854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0c3e4b08c986b32a2e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028323,"text":"70028323 - 2006 - A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028323","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2393,"text":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Species in the genus Epioblasma have specialized life history requirements and represent the most endangered genus of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the world. A genetic characterization of extant populations of the oyster mussel E. capsaeformis and tan riffleshell E. florentina walkeri sensu late was conducted to assess taxonomic validity and to resolve conservation issues for recovery planning. These mussel species exhibit pronounced phenotypic variation, but were difficult to characterize phylogenetically using DNA sequences. Monophyletic lineages, congruent with phenotypic variation among species, were obtained only after extensive analysis of combined mitochondrial (1396 bp of 16S, cytochrome-b, and ND1) and nuclear (515 bp of ITS-1) DNA sequences. In contrast, analysis of variation at 10 hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci showed moderately to highly diverged populations based on FST and R ST values, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.71, respectively. Quantitative variation between species was observed in fish-host specificity, with transformation success of glochidia of E. capsaeformis significantly greater (P<0.05) on greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides, and that of E. f. walkeri significantly greater (P<0.05) on fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare. Lengths of glochidia differed significantly (P<0.001) among species and populations, with mean sizes ranging from 241 to 272 ??m. The texture and colour of the mantle-pad of E. capsaeformis sensu stricto is smooth and bluish-white, whereas that of E. f. walkeri is pustuled and brown, with tan mottling. Based on extensive molecular, morphological and life history data, the population of E. capsaeformis from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA is proposed as a separate species, and the population of E. f. walkeri from Indian Creek, upper Clinch River, Virginia, USA is proposed as a distinct subspecies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/mollus/eyl004","issn":"02601230","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., Neves, R.J., Ahlstedt, S., and Hallerman, E., 2006, A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Journal of Molluscan Studies, v. 72, no. 3, p. 267-283, https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004.","startPage":"267","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487570,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004"},{"id":236959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e424e4b0c8380cd46437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlstedt, S.A.","contributorId":97843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlstedt","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallerman, E.M.","contributorId":23671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028356,"text":"70028356 - 2006 - Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating P- and SH-wave seismic profiles, integrated, where practicable, with micro-gravity data. In this area, the relation between \"deeper\" deformation of Paleozoic bedrock associated with the formation of the Reelfoot rift and NMSZ seismicity and \"shallower\" deformation of overlying sediments has remained elusive, but could be revealed using integrated P- and SH-wave reflection. Surface expressions of deformation are almost non-existent in this region, which makes seismic reflection surveying the only means of detecting structures that are possibly pertinent to seismic hazard assessment. Since P- and SH-waves respond differently to the rock and fluid properties and travel at dissimilar speeds, the resulting seismic profiles provide complementary views of the subsurface based on different levels of resolution and imaging capability. P-wave profiles acquired in southwestern Illinois and western Kentucky (USA) detect faulting of deep, Paleozoic bedrock and Cretaceous reflectors while coincident SH-wave surveys show that this deformation propagates higher into overlying Tertiary and Quaternary strata. Forward modeling of micro-gravity data acquired along one of the seismic profiles further supports an interpretation of faulting of bedrock and Cretaceous strata. The integration of the two seismic and the micro-gravity methods therefore increases the scope for investigating the relation between the older and younger deformation in an area of critical seismic hazard. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, C., McBride, J., Pugin, A.J., Ravat, D., Biswas, S., Nelson, W., Larson, T., Sargent, S., Fillerup, M., Tingey, B., Wald, L., Northcott, M., South, J., Okure, M., and Chandler, M., 2006, Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 5-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024.","startPage":"5","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024"},{"id":236996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c87e4b0c8380cd62df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, C.E.","contributorId":86547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugin, Andre J. M.","contributorId":31956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugin","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biswas, S.","contributorId":45888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biswas","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larson, T.H.","contributorId":50666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sargent, S.L.","contributorId":75299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fillerup, M.A.","contributorId":19762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fillerup","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tingey, B.E.","contributorId":73397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wald, L.","contributorId":64845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Northcott, M.L.","contributorId":43557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northcott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"South, J.V.","contributorId":72188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"South","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Okure, M.S.","contributorId":98100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okure","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chandler, M.R.","contributorId":51082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70030779,"text":"70030779 - 2006 - Effects of watershed land use on nitrogen concentrations and δ15 nitrogen in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T14:08:41","indexId":"70030779","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of watershed land use on nitrogen concentrations and δ15 nitrogen in groundwater","docAbstract":"Eutrophication is a major agent of change affecting freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems. It is largely driven by transportation of nitrogen from natural and anthropogenic sources. Research is needed to quantify this nitrogen delivery and to link the delivery to specific land-derived sources. In this study we measured nitrogen concentrations and δ 15N values in seepage water entering three freshwater ponds and six estuaries on Cape Cod, Massachusetts and assessed how they varied with different types of land use. Nitrate concentrations and δ 15N values in groundwater reflected land use in developed and pristine watersheds. In particular, watersheds with larger populations delivered larger nitrate loads with higher δ 15N values to receiving waters. The enriched δ 15N values confirmed nitrogen loading model results identifying wastewater contributions from septic tanks as the major N source. Furthermore, it was apparent that N coastal sources had a relatively larger impact on the N loads and isotopic signatures than did inland N sources further upstream in the watersheds. This finding suggests that management priorities could focus on coastal sources as a first course of action. This would require management constraints on a much smaller population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-1036-2","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Cole, M.L., Kroeger, K.D., McClelland, J., and Valiela, I., 2006, Effects of watershed land use on nitrogen concentrations and δ15 nitrogen in groundwater: Biogeochemistry, v. 77, no. 2, p. 199-215, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1036-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477505,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/679","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1036-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.66955566406249,\n 41.51474739095224\n ],\n [\n -70.66955566406249,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -70.4058837890625,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -70.4058837890625,\n 41.51474739095224\n ],\n [\n -70.66955566406249,\n 41.51474739095224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a083ce4b0c8380cd51a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Marci L.","contributorId":101071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Marci","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClelland, J.W.","contributorId":62015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valiela, I.","contributorId":29146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valiela","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028264,"text":"70028264 - 2006 - Prediction failure of a wolf landscape model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:08:37","indexId":"70028264","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction failure of a wolf landscape model","docAbstract":"I compared 101 wolf (Canis lupus) pack territories formed in Wisconsin during 1993-2004 to the logistic regression predictive model of Mladenoff et al. (1995, 1997, 1999). Of these, 60% were located in putative habitat suitabilities <50%, including 22% in suitabilities of 0-9%. About a third of the area with putative suitabilities >50% remained unoccupied by known packs after 24 years of recolonization. This model was a poor predictor of wolf re-colonizing locations in Wisconsin, apparently because it failed to consider the adaptability of wolves. Such models should be used cautiously in wolf-management or restoration plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[874:PFOAWL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 2006, Prediction failure of a wolf landscape model: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 874-877, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[874:PFOAWL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"874","endPage":"877","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[874:PFOAWL]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e8e4b0c8380cd7b7bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028584,"text":"70028584 - 2006 - Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028584","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","docAbstract":"Predicting potential habitat across a landscape for rare species is extremely challenging. However, partitioned Mahalanobis D2 methods avoid pitfalls commonly encountered when surveying rare species by using data collected only at known species locations. Minimum habitat requirements are then determined by examining a principal components analysis to find consistent habitat characteristics across known locations. We used partitioned D 2 methods to examine minimum habitat requirements of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in the Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York, USA, across 7 spatial scales and map potential habitat for the species throughout the same area. We radiotracked 24 female Indiana bats to their roost trees and across their nighttime foraging areas to collect habitat characteristics at 7 spatial scales: 1) roost trees, 2) 0.1-ha circular plots surrounding the roost trees, 3) home ranges, and 4-7) 0.5-km, 1-km, 2-km, and 3-km buffers surrounding the roost tree. Roost trees (n = 50) typically were tall, dead, large-diameter trees with exfoliating bark, located at low elevations and close to water. Trees surrounding roosts typically were smaller in diameter and shorter in height, but they had greater soundness than the roost trees. We documented 14 home ranges in areas of diverse, patchy land cover types that were close to water with east-facing aspects. Across all landscape extents, area of forest within roost-tree buffers and the aspect across those buffers were the most consistent features. Predictive maps indicated that suitable habitat ranged from 4.7-8.1% of the area examined within the Champlain Valley. These habitat models further understanding of Indiana bat summer habitat by indicating minimum habitat characteristics at multiple scales and can be used to aid management decisions by highlighting potential habitat. Nonetheless, information on juvenile production and recruitment is lacking; therefore, assessments of Indiana bat habitat quality in the region are still incomplete.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Watrous, K., Donovan, T., Mickey, R., Darling, S., Hicks, A., and Von Oettingen, S.L., 2006, Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1228-1237, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1237","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81bde4b0c8380cd7b6d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watrous, K.S.","contributorId":46291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watrous","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, R.M.","contributorId":65654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darling, S.R.","contributorId":25344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hicks, A.C.","contributorId":35109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Von Oettingen, S. L.","contributorId":60836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Oettingen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028913,"text":"70028913 - 2006 - Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16- to 30-km2 sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patterns located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE = 0.22; individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 (SE = 0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jackson, R., Roe, J., Wangchuk, R., and Hunter, D., 2006, Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 772-781, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"772","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b46e4b0c8380cd5265b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, R.M.","contributorId":71370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roe, J.D.","contributorId":56016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roe","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wangchuk, R.","contributorId":20958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangchuk","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, D.O.","contributorId":104264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030745,"text":"70030745 - 2006 - The effect of calcium on aqueous uranium(VI) speciation and adsorption to ferrihydrite and quartz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:47:39","indexId":"70030745","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of calcium on aqueous uranium(VI) speciation and adsorption to ferrihydrite and quartz","docAbstract":"Recent studies of uranium(VI) geochemistry have focused on the potentially important role of the aqueous species, CaUO2(CO3)32− and Ca2UO2(CO3)30(aq), on inhibition of microbial reduction and uranium(VI) aqueous speciation in contaminated groundwater. However, to our knowledge, there have been no direct studies of the effects of these species on U(VI) adsorption by mineral phases. The sorption of U(VI) on quartz and ferrihydrite was investigated in NaNO3 solutions equilibrated with either ambient air (430 ppm CO2) or 2% CO2 in the presence of 0, 1.8, or 8.9 mM Ca2+. Under conditions where the Ca2UO2(CO3)30(aq) species predominates U(VI) aqueous speciation, the presence of Ca in solution lowered U(VI) adsorption on quartz from 77% in the absence of Ca to 42% and 10% at Ca concentrations of 1.8 and 8.9 mM, respectively. U(VI) adsorption to ferrihydrite decreased from 83% in the absence of Ca to 57% in the presence of 1.8 mM Ca. Surface complexation model predictions that included the formation constant for aqueous Ca2UO2(CO3)30(aq) accurately simulated the effect of Ca2+ on U(VI) sorption onto quartz and ferrihydrite within the thermodynamic uncertainty of the stability constant value. This study confirms that Ca2+ can have a significant impact on the aqueous speciation of U(VI), and consequently, on the sorption and mobility of U(VI) in aquifers.