During August 2000, responses of biological communities (invertebrates, fish, and algae), physical habitat, and water chemistry to urban intensity were compared among 30 streams within 80 miles of Boston, Massachusetts. Sites chosen for sampling represented a gradient of the intensity of urban development (urban intensity) among drainage basins that had minimal natural variability. In this study, spatial differences were used as surrogates for temporal changes to represent the effects of urbanization over time. The degree of urban intensity for each drainage basin was characterized with a standardized urban index (0-100, lowest to highest) derived from land cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic variables. Multivariate and multimetric analyses were used to compare urban index values with biological, physical, and chemical data to determine how the data indicated responses to urbanization. Multivariate ordinations were derived for the invertebrate-, fish-, and algae-community data by use of correspondence analysis, and ordinations were derived for the chemical and physical data by use of principal-component analysis. Site scores from each of the ordinations were plotted in relation to the urban index to test for a response. In all cases, the primary axis scores showed the strongest response to the urban index, indicating that urbanization was a primary factor affecting the data ordination.
For the multimetric analyses, each of the biological data sets was used to calculate a series of community metrics. For the sets of chemical and physical data, the individual variables and various combinations of individual variables were used as measured and derived metrics, respectively. Metrics that were generally most responsive to the urban index for each data set included: EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) taxa for invertebrates; cyprinid taxa for fish; diatom taxa for algae; bicarbonate, conductivity, and nitrogen for chemistry; and water depth and temperature for physical habitat. The slopes of the responses generally were higher between the urban index values of 0 to 35, indicating that the greatest change in aquatic health may occur between low and moderate levels of urban intensity. Additionally, many of the responses showed that at urban index values greater than 35, there was a threshold effect where the response variable no longer changed with respect to urban intensity. Recognizing and understanding this type of response is important in management and monitoring programs that rely on decisive interpretations of variable responses. Any biological, physical, or chemical variable that is used to characterize stream health over a gradient of disturbance would not be a reliable indicator when a level of disturbance is reached where the variable does not respond in a predictable manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1695","usgsCitation":"Coles, J.F., Cuffney, T.F., McMahon, G., and Beaulieu, K., 2004, The effects of urbanization on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of coastal New England streams: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1695, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1695.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1695.jpg"},{"id":5727,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/pp1695/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.91758951607262,\n 42.20320177141741\n ],\n [\n -70.84071820105021,\n 42.33322480150602\n ],\n [\n -70.86268143391374,\n 42.495376353813555\n ],\n [\n -70.97249759823153,\n 42.60863293931595\n ],\n [\n -70.98347921466329,\n 42.770071476068296\n ],\n [\n -70.8846446667773,\n 43.04355371981177\n ],\n [\n -70.7638468860283,\n 43.28385366796252\n ],\n [\n -70.56617779025687,\n 43.54709159477281\n ],\n [\n -70.39047192734847,\n 43.80918494222726\n ],\n [\n -70.67599395457408,\n 43.87255029681518\n ],\n [\n -70.9944608310951,\n 43.729883615787855\n ],\n [\n -71.44470710479682,\n 43.47541292221965\n ],\n [\n -71.63139458413647,\n 43.28385366796252\n ],\n [\n -71.69728428272711,\n 42.83452938968105\n ],\n [\n -71.45568872122858,\n 42.45487777166119\n ],\n [\n -71.36783578977436,\n 42.12994597851869\n ],\n [\n -70.98347921466329,\n 42.02398232301081\n ],\n [\n -70.91758951607262,\n 42.20320177141741\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":56773,"text":"sir20045028 - 2004 - Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20045028","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5028","title":"Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida","docAbstract":"Acoustic and optic methods were applied to estimate suspended-solids concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, southeastern Florida. Acoustic Doppler velocity meters were installed at the North Fork, Speedy Point, and Steele Point sites within the estuary. These sites provide varying flow, salinity, water-quality, and channel cross-sectional characteristics. The monitoring site at Steele Point was not used in the analyses because repeated instrument relocations (due to bridge construction) prevented a sufficient number of samples from being collected at the various locations. Acoustic and optic instruments were installed to collect water velocity, acoustic backscatter strength (ABS), and turbidity data that were used to assess the feasibility of estimating suspended-solids concentrations in the estuary. Other data collected at the monitoring sites include tidal stage, salinity, temperature, and periodic discharge measurements. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRegression analyses were used to determine the relations of suspended-solids concentration to ABS and suspended-solids concentration to turbidity at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. For samples used in regression analyses, measured suspended-solids concentrations at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites ranged from 3 to 37 milligrams per liter, and organic content ranged from 50 to 83 percent. Corresponding salinity for these samples ranged from 0.12 to 22.7 parts per thousand, and corresponding temperature ranged from 19.4 to 31.8 ?C. Relations determined using this technique are site specific and only describe suspended-solids concentrations at locations where data were collected. The suspended-solids concentration to ABS relation resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.63 at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites, respectively. The suspended-solids concentration to turbidity relation resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.73 and 0.89 at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites, respectively. The adequacy of the empirical equations seems to be limited by the number and distribution of suspended-solids samples collected throughout the expected concentration range at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. Additionally, the ABS relations for both sites seem to overestimate at the low end and underestimate at the high end of the concentration range. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nBased on the sensitivity analysis, temperature had a greater effect than salinity on estimated suspended-solids concentrations. Temperature also appeared to affect ABS data, perhaps by changing the absorptive and reflective characteristics of the suspended material. Salinity and temperature had no observed effects on the turbidity relation at the North Fork and Speedy Point sites. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEstimates of suspended-solids concentrations using ABS data were less 'erratic' than estimates using turbidity data. Combining ABS and turbidity data into one equation did not improve the accuracy of results, and therefore, was not considered.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045028","usgsCitation":"Patino, E., and Byrne, M., 2004, Application of Acoustic and Optic Methods for Estimating Suspended-Solids Concentrations in the St. Lucie River Estuary, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5028, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045028.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Michael J.","contributorId":8550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56835,"text":"ofr20041258 - 2004 - New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T20:11:57.500942","indexId":"ofr20041258","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1258","title":"New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041258","usgsCitation":"Daniels, D.L., and Snyder, S.L., 2004, New England states aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1258, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041258.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68323.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -67.4560546875,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -68.115234375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -68.90625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -69.169921875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -71.3232421875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -73.7841796875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -67.939453125,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56833,"text":"ofr20041235 - 2004 - Distribution of Holocene Sediment in Chesapeake Bay as Interpreted from Submarine Geomorphology of the Submerged Landforms, Selected Core Holes, Bridge Borings and Seismic Profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:02","indexId":"ofr20041235","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1235","title":"Distribution of Holocene Sediment in Chesapeake Bay as Interpreted from Submarine Geomorphology of the Submerged Landforms, Selected Core Holes, Bridge Borings and Seismic Profiles","docAbstract":"Overview -- We have interpreted the geomorphology of the submerged landforms to show thick Holocene sediment that accumulated from three different sources during on-going sea level rise that began 10,000 - 12,000 years ago at the end of Pleistocene. We used a variety of subsurface data from the literature and unpublished information to document thicknesses, materials, dates and duration of processes. Although the details of the true extent and thicknesses are unknown, the deposits of different sources have affinity for particular geographic and submerged geomorphic regions of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries.\r\n\r\nDuring the last Pleistocene glacial event (Wisconsian), the area now occupied by the Chesapeake Bay was exposed, sea level being about 100 m lower than present. The Susquehanna River valley extended beyond the Bay well out on the exposed Atlantic Shelf. The Susquehanna transported glacial outwash from northern Pennsylvania and New York; the glacio-fluvial deposits were graded to the edge of the continental shelf (Colman et al., 1990; Hack, 1957). Other Piedmont and Appalachian Rivers including the Potomac and James Rivers transported large volumes of sediment to confluence with the Susquehanna channel. Locally, across the encompasing coastal plain landscape, intensive headward erosion, gullies, and slope failure, generated extensive debris flows, sheet wash, and terraces of braided alluvial channel deposits. Large volumes of sediment were moved through the river system to the continental shelf. This was accomplished by a cold, wet climate that included much freezing and thawing; steep eroding slopes resulted from the lowering of sea level from the previous high stand (Stage 5e) between glacial events. Across the Delmarva peninsula extensive wind-blown deposits of sand and loess were recycled onto low terraces and uplands from the unvegetated glacio-fluvial sediments moving through the system (Denny et al., 1979). The volume and distribution of sediment eroded and transported from the watershed surrounding the area of the Bay was several orders of magnitude greater than generally observed in transport and storage on the present day landscape.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041235","usgsCitation":"Newell, W., Clark, I.E., and Bricker, O., 2004, Distribution of Holocene Sediment in Chesapeake Bay as Interpreted from Submarine Geomorphology of the Submerged Landforms, Selected Core Holes, Bridge Borings and Seismic Profiles (Version 1.0, Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1235, 13 by 19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041235.","productDescription":"13 by 19 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0, Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Inga E. 0000-0003-0084-0256 iclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-0256","contributorId":3256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Inga","email":"iclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Owen","contributorId":54464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56823,"text":"sir20045098 - 2004 - Periphyton and Macroinvertebrate Communities at Five Sites in the San Joaquin River Basin, California, during June and September, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"sir20045098","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5098","title":"Periphyton and Macroinvertebrate Communities at Five Sites in the San Joaquin River Basin, California, during June and September, 2001","docAbstract":"The effects of agriculture, particularly from the use of pesticides, on aquatic ecosystems in the San Joaquin River Basin concern many aquatic resource managers, water quality managers, and water users. A total of five sites were sampled once in June 2001 and once in September 2001 to document the periphyton (attached algae) community, the benthic macroinvertebrate (insects and non-insects) community, and stream habitat conditions. The purposes of the study were to document existing conditions and, to the extent possible, relate the periphyton and macroinvertebrate community condition to environmental conditions.\r\n A total of 161 taxa of algae were collected during the study. Samples from the richest targeted habitat, woody debris, included 109 taxa. In both the June and September samples, greater than 95 percent of the taxa collected were diatoms. Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis of sample data showed that Orestimba Creek had a very different periphyton community than the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers. Salt Slough and the San Joaquin River had community compositions that were intermediate between the two extremes. A total of 126 taxa of macroinvertebrates were collected during the study. Samples from woody debris included 59 taxa. The samples included a variety of both insect and non-insect taxa. Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis of sample data showed that Orestimba Creek was very different from the Merced River and Tuolumne River, similar to the results for periphyton. Orestimba Creek was dominated by non-insects, while the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers were dominated by insects. Salt Slough was more similar to Orestimba Creek because of the abundance of non-insects. The San Joaquin River was more similar to the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers.\r\n There was no evidence of major differences between June and September samples for either the periphyton or macroinvertebrate communities. Specific conductance (a surrogate for salinity) and several habitat measures were associated with differences in the periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities at the five sites. Additional sampling at more sites over a longer period of time will likely be necessary before the effects of water quality and habitat conditions on aquatic communities are fully understood in the San Joaquin River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045098","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., and May, J., 2004, Periphyton and Macroinvertebrate Communities at Five Sites in the San Joaquin River Basin, California, during June and September, 2001 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5098, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045098.","productDescription":"47 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57788,"text":"sir20045093 - 2004 - Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"sir20045093","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5093","title":"Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Over the past few decades, New Hampshire has experienced considerable population growth, which is forcing some communities to look for alternative public and private water supplies in the bedrock aquifer. Because the quality of water from the aquifer can vary, the U.S. Geological Survey statistically analyzed well data from 1,353 domestic and 360 public-supply bedrock wells to characterize the ground water. The domestic-well data were from homeowner-collected samples analyzed by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) Environmental Laboratory from 1984 to 1994. Bedrock water in New Hampshire often contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, arsenic, and radon gas. Water samples from 21 percent of the domestic bedrock wells contained arsenic above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10 micrograms per liter (?g/L) drinking-water standard for public-water supplies, and 96 percent had radon concentrations greater than the USEPA-proposed 300 picocurie per liter (pCi/L) standard for public-water supplies. Some elevated fluoride concentrations (2 percent of samples) were above the 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) USEPA drinking-water standard for public-water supplies. Water from the bedrock aquifer also typically is soft to moderately hard, and has a pH greater than 7.0.\r\n\r\nVariations in bedrock water quality were discernable when the data were compared to lithochemical groupings of the bedrock, indicating that the type of bedrock has an effect on the quality of water in the bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire. Ground-water samples from the metasedimentary lithochemical group have greater concentrations of total iron and total manganese than do the felsic and mafic igneous lithochemical groups. Ground-water samples from the felsic igneous group have higher concentrations of total fluoride than do those from the other lithochemical groups. For arsenic, the calcareous metasedimentary group was identified, using the public-supply database, as having higher concentrations, on average, than the other lithochemical groups. The use of a radon-gas-potential classification of bedrock in the State indicated where high radon concentrations in the air and in water from private and public-supply wells were more likely to occur. \r\n\r\nIn general, samples from the bedrock aquifer tend to have higher pH (are less acidic), greater hardness, much higher concentrations of iron, similar concentrations of manganese, and higher concentrations of fluoride and arsenic than do samples from stratified-drift aquifers in New Hampshire. An understanding of the water-quality conditions of water in bedrock aquifers is important from a public-health perspective because an increasing number of domestic bedrock wells are being drilled and relied upon as a source of drinking water in the State.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045093","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., 2004, Quality of water in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5093, v, 30 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045093.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6515fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Richard Bridge","contributorId":90712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57785,"text":"sir20045040 - 2004 - Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation in the former airfield area of Naval Support Activity Mid-South, Millington, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T22:45:03.01925","indexId":"sir20045040","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5040","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation in the former airfield area of Naval Support Activity Mid-South, Millington, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Naval Support Activity Mid-South is a Department of the Navy base located in Millington, Tennessee. The facility was home to the Naval Aviation Technical Training Center from 1943 until 1996. As part of the Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, the primary training mission of the facility was realigned and most of the northern part of the base, referred to as the Northside and consisting primarily of an airfield, was transferred to the city of Millington in January 2000. During environmental investigations at the base, plumes of dissolved chlorinated solvents resulting from past aircraft maintenance and training operations were identified in shallow ground water beneath the airfield area. The airfield area containing the plumes has been designated as Area of Concern (AOC) A. Chlorinated solvents, primarily trichloroethene (TCE), are the principal contaminants in ground water at AOC A, with TCE identified in concentrations as high as 4,400 micrograms per liter. The nature and extent of these plumes at AOC A were addressed during a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Investigation, and selected options for remediation currently are being implemented under a corrective action program. As part of these efforts, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the Navy and its consultants to study the hydrogeologic framework of the base and surrounding area, with a focus on AOC A. \r\n\r\n\r\nSince 1997, investigations at and near the facility have produced data prompting revisions and additions to information published that year in two USGS reports. The updates are presented in this report and consist primarily of (1) refinements to selected hydrogeologic maps presented in the 1997 reports, on the basis of data collected from new wells at on- and off-base locations, (2) additional hydraulic-conductivity data collected for the alluvial-fluvial deposits aquifer at AOC A, and (3) construction of a potentiometric-surface map of the shallow aquifer for the former part of the Naval Support Activity Mid-South Northside and adjacent off-base locations for February and March 2000 water-level conditions. Additionally, a numerical ground-water-flow model of AOC A was developed and calibrated to the February and March 2000 potentiometric-surface data, the results of which also are presented in this report. Particle-tracking simulations were used with the model to simulate ground-water-flow paths from two sites suspected of being contaminant source areas at AOC A. The flow paths indicated by the particle tracking simulations agree reasonably well with maps of the interpreted extents of TCE plumes. The time-of-travel plots show that advective travel times from the two suspected source areas to the model boundary are controlled by relative proximities of the source areas to a part of AOC A identified from investigations and simulated with the model as having the highest horizontal hydraulic conductivity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045040","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C.J., Carmichael, J.K., and Ladd, D.E., 2004, Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation in the former airfield area of Naval Support Activity Mid-South, Millington, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5040, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045040.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69143.htm"},{"id":5743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Millington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.8846435546875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -89.8546028137207,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -89.8546028137207,\n 35.3445351939828\n ],\n [\n -89.8846435546875,\n 35.3445351939828\n ],\n [\n -89.8846435546875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271 cjhaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":3932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor","email":"cjhaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, John K. 0000-0003-1099-841X jkcarmic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-841X","contributorId":4554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"John","email":"jkcarmic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, David E. 0000-0002-9247-7839 deladd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7839","contributorId":1646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"David","email":"deladd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57783,"text":"ofr03499 - 2004 - Assessment of water chemistry, habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at selected stream-quality monitoring sites in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-14T14:31:00.738511","indexId":"ofr03499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-499","title":"Assessment of water chemistry, habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at selected stream-quality monitoring sites in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Biological, chemical, and habitat data have been collected from a network of sites in Chester County, Pa., from 1970 to 2003 to assess stream quality. Forty sites in 6 major stream basins were sampled between 1998 and 2000. Biological data were used to determine levels of impairment in the benthic-macroinvertebrate community in Chester County streams and relate the impairment, in conjunction with chemical and habitat data, to overall stream quality. Biological data consisted of benthic-macroinvertebrate samples that were collected annually in the fall. Water-chemistry samples were collected and instream habitat was assessed in support of the biological sampling.
Most sites in the network were designated as nonimpacted or slightly impacted by human activities or extreme climatic conditions on the basis of biological-metric analysis of benthic-macroinvertebrate data. Impacted sites were affected by factors, such as nutrient enrichment, erosion and sedimentation, point discharges, and droughts and floods. Streams in the Schuylkill River, Delaware River, and East Branch Brandywine Creek Basins in Chester County generally had low nutrient concentrations, except in areas affected by wastewater-treatment discharges, and stream habitat that was affected by erosion. Streams in the West Branch Brandywine, Christina, Big Elk, and Octoraro Creek Basins in Chester County generally had elevated nutrient concentrations and streambottom habitat that was affected by sediment deposition.
Macroinvertebrate communities identified in samples from French Creek, Pigeon Creek (Schuylkill River Basin), and East Branch Brandywine Creek at Glenmoore consistently indicate good stream conditions and were the best conditions measured in the network. Macroinvertebrate communities identified in samples from Trout Creek (site 61), West Branch Red Clay Creek (site 55) (Christina River Basin), and Valley Creek near Atglen (site 34) (Octoraro Creek Basin) indicated fair to poor stream conditions and were the worst conditions measured in the network. Trout Creek is heavily impacted due to erosion, and Valley Creek near Atglen and West Branch Red Clay Creek are influenced by wastewater discharges. Hydrologic conditions in 1999, including a prolonged drought and a flood, influenced chemical concentrations and macroinvertebrate community structure throughout the county. Concentrations of nutrients and ions were lower in 1999 when compared to 1998 and 2000 concentrations. Macroinvertebrate communities identified in samples from 1999 contained lower numbers of individuals when compared to 1998 and 2000 but had similar community structure. Results from chemical and biological sampling in 2000 indicated that the benthic-macroinvertebrate community structure and the concentrations of nutrients and ions recovered to pre-1999 levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03499","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2004, Assessment of water chemistry, habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at selected stream-quality monitoring sites in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-499, vii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03499.","productDescription":"vii, 84 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0499/ofr20030499.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2003-0499"},{"id":182238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0499/coverthb3.jpg"}],"scale":"48","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) requires the testing and evaluation of different water-management scenarios for southern Florida. As part of CERP, the South Florida Water Management District is using its regional hydrologic model, the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM), to evaluate different hydrologic scenarios. The SFWMM was designed specifically for the inland freshwater areas in southern Florida, and extends only slightly into Florida Bay. Thus, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) model, which is an integrated surface-water and ground-water model designed to simulate flows, stages, and salinities in the southern Everglades and Florida Bay. Modifications to the SICS boundary conditions allow the local-scale SICS model to be linked to the regional-scale SFWMM. The linked model will be used to quantify the effects of restoration alternatives on flows, stages, and salinities in the SICS area. This report describes the procedure for linking the SICS model with the SFWMM. The linkage is shown to work by comparing the results of a linked 5-year simulation with the results from a simulation in which the model boundaries are assigned using field data.
The surface-water module of the SICS model is driven by areal influences and lateral boundaries. The areal influences (wind, rainfall, and evapotranspiration) remain the same when the SICS model is modified to link to the SFWMM. Four types of lateral boundaries (discharge, water level, no flow, and salinity) are used in the SICS model. Two of three discharge boundaries (at Taylor Slough Bridge and C-111 Canal) in the current SICS model domain are converted to water-level boundaries to increase accuracy. The only change to the third discharge boundary (at Levee 31W) is that the flow data are derived from SFWMM model output instead of using measured field data flows. Three water-level boundaries are modified only by receiving their data from SFWMM model output data. Additionally, two marine water-level boundaries remain the same because the SFWMM does not include Florida Bay and, therefore, this model cannot provide input data for these boundaries. The SICS no-flow boundaries remain intact because no additional data, provided by the SFWMM, suggest that any significant flow occurs along these boundaries. The Florida Bay salinity boundary is not modified because the SFWMM does not contain any salinity data that can be used to modify the model.
The ground-water module of the SICS model contains a general-head boundary and a no-flow boundary. The general-head boundary, which extends along the edges of the wetland part of the SICS model domain, is modified by acquiring stage values from SFWMM cells that correspond in location to the SICS model cells. Values from the SFWMM cells are bilinearly interpolated and assigned to the appropriate SICS general-head boundary cells in all layers of the ground-water model. The ground-water no-flow boundary in Florida Bay is unaltered because the SFWMM does not include this area.
A 5-year simulation was developed to test the linkage of the SICS model with the SFWMM. Results from the linked model are similar to those obtained from the original SICS model in which boundaries are assigned using field data. The simulated discharges at the coastal creeks along Florida Bay are about 5 percent lower than the field data simulation; water levels in the wetlands are about 4 percent lower, and salinities at the various coastal creeks are slightly higher.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041195","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program and the National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative","usgsCitation":"Wolfert, M.A., Langevin, C.D., and Swain, E.D., 2004, Assigning Boundary Conditions to the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) Model Using Results from the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004–1195, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041195.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1195/ofr20041195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1195"},{"id":174732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1195/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 28.487641299054857\n ],\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 24.445600274225853\n ],\n [\n -79.75370447011599,\n 24.445600274225853\n ],\n [\n -79.75370447011599,\n 28.487641299054857\n ],\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 28.487641299054857\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
n May 31, 2003 unusual artifacts appeared within image data collected by the Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) instrument on-board the Landsat 7 spacecraft. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with the support of NASA, has been working to find a means of compensating for the data gaps that result from a failure of the instrument’s scan line corrector (SLC). The SLC is an electromechanical device that compensates for the forward motion of the spacecraft by modifying the instrument’s optical path. The problem is likely due to a mechanical failure of the device for which there is no redundancy and that cannot be repaired or coaxed back into service. Further information regarding Landsat 7 and the SLC failure can be found at the Landsat Project home page (http://landsat7.usgs.gov).
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Howard, S.M., and Lacasse, J.M., 2004, An evaluation of gap-filled Landsat SLC-off imagery for wildland fire burn severity mapping: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 70, no. 8, p. 877-880.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"880","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b1e4b0f42e3d040dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacasse, James M. jmlacasse@usgs.gov","contributorId":5704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacasse","given":"James","email":"jmlacasse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201629,"text":"70201629 - 2004 - Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:39:55","indexId":"70201629","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-31T19:18:04","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales ","docAbstract":"We describe USGS topomapping of Mars at resolutions from 100 m to 30 µm with data from the latest spacecraft missions. Analysis of NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) data combining daytime visible reflected, daytime IR emitted, and nighttime IR emitted images allows us to isolate the physical effects of topography, albedo, and thermal inertia. To a good approximation these physical influences interact linearly so that maps showing topographic shading, albedo, and relative thermal inertia can be produced by simple algebraic manipulation of the coregistered images. The shading map resembles an airbrush shaded relief portrayal of the surface, and can be used as the input for quantitative reconstruction of topography by photoclinometry (PC) at 100-m resolution over most of the planet.
The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of the ESA Mars Express orbiter includes a 9-line scanner for color and stereo imaging and a Super-Resolution Channel (SRC). We analyze these images with a combination of USGS ISIS cartographic software and commercial photogrammetric software, providing an independent check on the stereo processing pipeline developed by the HRSC team. In particular, we are producing very high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from the SRC images by photoclinometry and by stereoanalysis, using Mars Orbiter Camera images to complete the stereopair.
The NASA Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) carry a diverse set of cameras: two wide-angle hazard camera pairs, panoramic stereo imagers (Pancam and Navcam), and a Microscopic Imager (MI) that images a 3-cm-square area at 30 µm/pixel resolution. Our work emphasizes MI data and includes geometric calibration, bundle-adjustment, mosaicking, generation of DEMs by stereo analysis and focal sectioning, and combination of MI images with color data from Pancam. The software being developed to support these analyses can also be used to produce high-precision controlled mosaics, DEMs, and other products from the Pancam and Navcam images.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, XXXV ISPRS Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XX ISPRS Congress","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Squyres, S.W., Neukum, G., MER Athena Science Team, and MEX HRSC Science Team, 2004, Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales , in Proceedings, XXXV ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, p. 834-839.","productDescription":"6 p.; DVD-ROM","startPage":"834","endPage":"839","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1a1535e4b0708288c2354a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MER Athena Science Team","contributorId":211699,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"MER Athena Science Team","id":754659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MEX HRSC Science Team","contributorId":211700,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"MEX HRSC Science Team","id":754660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70201627,"text":"70201627 - 2004 - A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T19:07:14","indexId":"70201627","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-31T19:00:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has recently completed a final revised version of its 231 m/pixel global Viking image mosaic of Mars that has substantially improved geodetic accuracy compared to versions released in 1991 and 2001. This mosaic, known as MDIM 2.1, is currently available in the USGS ISIS file format (see http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/MDIM21/) and will be formatted and submitted to the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) in the near future for archiving as a single ~5-MB DVD volume.
Positional control for MDIM 2.1 comes from a new geodetic/photogrammetric solution of the global Mars Mariner 9 and Viking image control network. The details of this network solution are described here. This network incorporates 1,054 Mariner 9 and 5,317 Viking Orbiter images. Accuracy of the new solution is improved primarily as the result of constraining all 37,652 control points to radii from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and adding 1,232 \"ground control points\" whose horizontal coordinates are also constrained by MOLA. The MOLA data are believed to have an absolute accuracy on the order of 100 m horizontally. Additional improvements result from use of updated timing and orientation data for the Viking Orbiter images, improved reseau measurements and hence distortion correction of the images, and careful checking and remeasurement of control points with large residuals. The RMS error of the solution is 15.8 µm (~1.3 Viking pixels, ~280 m on the ground). The IAU/IAG 2000 coordinate system is used for the network and the mosaic.
The U.S. Geological Survey has recently completed a final revised version of its 231 m/pixel global Viking image mosaic of Mars that has substantially improved geodetic accuracy compared to versions released in 1991 and 2001. This mosaic, known as MDIM 2.1, is currently available in the USGS ISIS file format and will be formatted and submitted to the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) in the near future for archiving as a single ~5-MB DVD volume.
Positional control for MDIM 2.1 comes from a new geodetic/photogrammetric solution of the global Mars Mariner 9 and Viking image control network. The details of this network solution are described here. This network incorporates 1,054 Mariner 9 and 5,317 Viking Orbiter images. Accuracy of the new solution is improved primarily as the result of constraining all 37,652 control points to radii from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and adding 1,232 \"ground control points\" whose horizontal coordinates are also constrained by MOLA. The MOLA data are believed to have an absolute accuracy on the order of 100 m horizontally. Additional improvements result from use of updated timing and orientation data for the Viking Orbiter images, improved reseau measurements and hence distortion correction of the images, and careful checking and remeasurement of control points with large residuals. The RMS error of the solution is 15.8 µm (~1.3 Viking pixels, ~280 m on the ground). The IAU/IAG 2000 coordinate system is used for the network and the mosaic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)","usgsCitation":"Archinal, B.A., Lee, E., Kirk, R.L., Duxbury, T.C., Sucharski, R.M., Cook, D., and Barrett, J.M., 2004, A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network, in XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV, v. 35, no. B4, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"35","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Ella M. elee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Ella M.","email":"elee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":757954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duxbury, T. C.","contributorId":91983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duxbury","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sucharski, Robert M. bsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":5051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Robert","email":"bsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":757957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, Debbie 0000-0001-9973-9929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9929","contributorId":202343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barrett, Janet M. jbarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":5054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Janet","email":"jbarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70258618,"text":"70258618 - 2004 - Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:46:14.966684","indexId":"70258618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-23T10:41:45","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies","docAbstract":"The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) is an international organization charged with coordinating international civil spaceborne missions designed to observe and study planet Earth. Comprising 44 space agencies and other national and international organizations, CEOS is recognized as the major international forum for the coordination of Earth observation satellite programs and for the interaction of these programs with users of satellite data worldwide.
CEOS was created in 1984 in response to a recommendation from the Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations Working Group on Growth, Technology, and Employment’s Panel of Experts on Satellite Remote Sensing. This group recognized the multidisciplinary nature of satellite Earth observation and the value of coordination across all proposed missions.
The CEOS members collect, maintain, apply, and make available data from space missions that encompass the atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanographic fields. Collectively, these members possess petabytes of Earth observation data critical to understanding the Earth environment. Uses include monitoring oil slicks, evaluating human-induced changes to the atmosphere, determining mineral exploration areas, assessing the environmental effects of volcanic eruptions, measuring the growth of urban areas, determining where landscapes have changed because of urban growth trends, improving the efficiency of fishing as a world food stock, monitoring pest infestation, managing crop production, predicting climate and weather, and numerous other applications vital to industry, national infrastructures, and the world as a whole.
The vast amount of satellite obtained, environmental data the CEOS members possess represents a fertile resource for researchers worldwide to exploit.
","conferenceTitle":"Geo-imagery bridging continents, Congress, 20th","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","usgsCitation":"Faundeen, J., Petiteville, I., and Fisher, T., 2004, Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies, Geo-imagery bridging continents, Congress, 20th, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":434901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petiteville, I.","contributorId":344300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petiteville","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38836,"text":"European Space Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, T.","contributorId":38854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211193,"text":"70211193 - 2004 - Geotechnical characterization of TriNet sites: A status report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T15:58:11.199324","indexId":"70211193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-16T13:50:35","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical characterization of TriNet sites: A status report","docAbstract":"The TriNet project, launched in 1997, created an improved, real-time seismic monitoring network in Southern California. Planning of the network began in 1995 (e.g., Heaton et al., 1996), building on the success of the earlier TERRAscope network, which included 24 digital broadband and strong-motion instruments throughout Southern California (e.g., Kanamori et al., 1993). At the end of the five-year TriNet project the network comprised 150 real-time digital broadband stations and another 400 strong-motion sensors, 50 of which were also real-time. This network is now recording digital broadband data for Southern California earthquakes at an unprecedented rate, data that are already proving valuable for investigations of earthquake sources and regional wave propagation, as well as earthquake response.
In this report we describe an ongoing effort aimed at a full geotechnical characterization of the newly installed TriNet sets. Shallow geologic structure is known to play a substantial role in controlling the ground motions recorded at any site. Documentation of amplified ground motion at soft-sediment sites can be found among even early macroseismic observations of strong ground motions (e.g., Drake, 1815). Seismic waves are also now known to be strongly affected by deep basin structure as well (e.g., Frankel et al., 1991; Field, 2000; Joyner, 2000). It will be necessary to understand these effects to exploit fully the rich data set being recorded at TriNet sites. Clearly, the nature of site conditions and site response at the recording sites must be understood for studies focused on ground motions and hazard from future large earthquakes, but it is also necessary to understand these effects to conduct earthquake source studies of both large and small earthquakes.
Our multifaceted site characterization project involves geological/geotechnical site investigations, database development, and investigation of empirical amplification factors determined from broadband and strong-motion data recorded to date. Our goal is to complete a first-order geologic site characterization by 2005 and then employ appropriate methods to obtain direct constraint on shallow shear-wave velocity structure at each site. In the latter effort we will endeavor to find the most accurate and cost-effective methods to quantify geotechnical parameters at sites that have ranges of geologic site conditions and cultural settings.
Our long-term goal is to obtain direct estimates of the average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m, Vs30, at each site. If velocity information is available to greater depths, for example at sites characterized under the ROSRINE project (http://geoinfo.usc.edu/rosrine/), this information will be included in the database as well. The original motivation for using Vs30 to characterize near-surface velocity was pragmatic, determined by such factors as the typical reach of a drill rig in a single day. The parameter has become the accepted standard with which many seismic recording sites are characterized, however. In a recent study using mainshock and aftershock recordings at sites in the Los Angeles region, Wald and Mori (2000) observed good correlation between Vs30 and amplification at 1-7 Hz, albeit with significant scatter.
The purpose of this report is threefold. First, we describe our ongoing efforts and present site characterization results collected to date for 62 broadband and strong-motion stations in and around the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region. Second, we present preliminary results that illustrate how improved geologic site characterizations can improve the correlation between site conditions and site response. Finally, we invite feedback from the community to guide our future investigations, in particular with respect to our ongoing database development efforts.
The H4IIE cell bioassay has proven utility as a screening tool for planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) and structurally similar chemicals accumulated in organisms from the wild. This bioassay has additional applications in hazard assessment of PHH exposed populations. In this review, the toxicological principles, current protocols, performance criteria, and field applications for the assay are described. The H4IIE cell bioassay has several advantages over the analytical measurement of PHHs in environmental samples, but conclusions from studies can be strengthened when both bioassay and analytical chemistry data are presented together. Often, the bioassay results concur with biological effects in organisms and support direct measures of PHHs. For biomonitoring purposes and prioritization of PHH-contaminated environments, the H4IIE bioassay may be faster and less expensive than analytical measurements. The H4IIE cell bioassay can be used in combination with other biomarkers such as in vivo measurements of CYP1A1 induction to help pinpoint the sources and identities of dioxin-like chemicals. The number of studies that measure H4IIE-derived TCDD-EQs continues to increase, resulting in subtle improvements over time. Further experiments are required to determine if TCDD-EQs derived from mammalian cells are adequate predictors of toxicity to non-mammalian species. The H4IIE cell bioassay has been used in over 300 published studies, and its combination of speed, simplicity, and ability to integrate the effects of complex containment mixtures makes it a valuable addition to hazard assessment and biomonitoring studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10408440490265193","usgsCitation":"White, J., Schmitt, C., and Tillitt, D., 2004, The H4IIE cell bioassay as an indicator of dioxin-like chemicals in wildlife and the environment: Critical Reviews in Toxicology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 1-83, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440490265193.","productDescription":"83 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"83","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5944ee19e4b062508e333622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J.J.","contributorId":193043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C.J.","contributorId":119731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156530,"text":"70156530 - 2004 - Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T13:27:45","indexId":"70156530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States","docAbstract":"Multi-Resolution Land Characterization 2001 (MRLC 2001) is a second-generation Federal consortium designed to create an updated pool of nation-wide Landsat 5 and 7 imagery and derive a second-generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). The objectives of this multi-layer, multi-source database are two fold: first, to provide consistent land cover for all 50 States, and second, to provide a data framework which allows flexibility in developing and applying each independent data component to a wide variety of other applications. Components in the database include the following: (1) normalized imagery for three time periods per path/row, (2) ancillary data, including a 30 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived into slope, aspect and slope position, (3) perpixel estimates of percent imperviousness and percent tree canopy, (4) 29 classes of land cover data derived from the imagery, ancillary data, and derivatives, (5) classification rules, confidence estimates, and metadata from the land cover classification. This database is now being developed using a Mapping Zone approach, with 66 Zones in the continental United States and 23 Zones in Alaska. Results from three initial mapping Zones show single-pixel land cover accuracies ranging from 73 to 77 percent, imperviousness accuracies ranging from 83 to 91 percent, tree canopy accuracies ranging from 78 to 93 percent, and an estimated 50 percent increase in mapping efficiency over previous methods. The database has now entered the production phase and is being created using extensive partnering in the Federal government with planned completion by 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.70.7.829","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Huang, C., Yang, L., Wylie, B.K., and Coan, M., 2004, Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 70, no. 7, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.70.7.829.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.70.7.829","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":56956,"text":"wri034327 - 2004 - Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:19:45","indexId":"wri034327","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4327","title":"Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02","docAbstract":"The Owyhee River drains an extremely rugged and sparsely populated landscape in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho, and eastern Oregon. Most of the segment between the Oregon State line and Lake Owyhee is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and few water-quality data exist for evaluating environmental impacts. As a result, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, assessed this river segment to characterize chemical and biological quality of the river, identify where designated beneficial uses are met and where changes in stream quality occur, and provide data needed to address activities related to environmental impact assessments and Total Maximum Daily Loads. Water-quality issues identified at one or more sites were water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, trace elements, fecal bacteria, benthic invertebrate communities, and periphyton communities. \n\nGenerally, summer water temperatures routinely exceeded Oregon's maximum 7-day average criteria of 17.8 degrees Celsius. The presence of few coldwater taxa in benthic invertebrate communities supports this observation. Suspended-sediment concentrations during summer base flow were less than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 46 to 222 mg/L, were highest during base flow, and tended to increase in a downstream direction. Chemical compositions of water samples indicated that large proportions of upland-derived water extend to the lower reaches of the study area during spring runoff. Dissolved fluoride and arsenic concentrations were highest during base flow and may be a result of geothermal springs discharging to the river. No dissolved selenium was detected. \n\nUpstream from the Rome area, spring runoff concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 0 to 52 mg/L, and all except at the Three Forks site were typically below 20 mg/L. Stream-bottom materials from the North Fork Owyhee River, an area with no mines, were enriched with nine trace elements, which indicates that this basin may be a natural source of these elements.\n\nNear Rome, the part of the study area not included in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, land-use impacts resulted in elevated populations of Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli) during base flow and elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during spring runoff. Sites in this area had the highest numbers of benthic invertebrates; the fewest Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa; and the highest Hilsenhoff Biotic Index scores. These results suggest degraded stream quality. Periphyton communities at sites in this area approached nuisance levels and could cause significant dissolved oxygen depletions and pH values that exceed Oregon's recommended criteria. Stream-bottom materials from Jordan Creek were enriched with mercury and manganese, which probably were ultimately caused by past mining in that basin.\n\nBelow Crooked Creek, elevated suspended sediment concentrations (142 mg/L), phosphorus concentrations (0.23 mg/L), and E. coli populations (370 most probable number per 100 milliliters) during the largest spring runoff event could be the result of inputs at the lower end of Jordan Valley and (or) inputs from Crooked Creek. The New Zealand Mud Snail, a highly competitive gastropod introduced to the Snake River in the 1980s, was collected just downstream from the Crooked Creek confluence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034327","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Vale District Office, Vale, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., Maret, T.R., and George, D.L., 2004, Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02 (Revised December 7, 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4327, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034327.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262392,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4327/report.pdf"},{"id":262393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4327/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","county":"Malheur","city":"Rome","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.1072,40.9902 ], [ -118.1072,43.9911 ], [ -115.8438,43.9911 ], [ -115.8438,40.9902 ], [ -118.1072,40.9902 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised December 7, 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Mark A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56769,"text":"wri034317 - 2004 - Surface-Water, Water-Quality, and Ground-Water Assessment of the Municipio of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"wri034317","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4317","title":"Surface-Water, Water-Quality, and Ground-Water Assessment of the Municipio of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"The surface-water assessment portion of this study focused on analysis of low-flow characteristics in local streams and rivers, because the supply of safe drinking water was a critical issue during recent dry periods. Low-flow characteristics were evaluated at one continuous-record gaging station based on graphical curve-fitting techniques and log-Pearson Type III frequency curves. Estimates of low-flow characteristics for 20 partial-record stations were generated using graphical-correlation techniques. Flow-duration characteristics for the continuous- and partial-record stations were estimated using the relation curves developed for the low-flow study. Stream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land use, water-use, and climatic conditions. \r\n\r\nA survey of streams and rivers utilized 37 sampling stations to evaluate the sanitary quality of about 165 miles of stream channels. River and stream samples for fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus analyses were collected on two occasions at base-flow conditions. Bacteriological analyses indicate that a significant portion of the stream reaches within the municipio of Mayaguez may have fecal coliform bacteria concentrations above the water-quality goal (standard) established by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico) for inland surface waters. Sources of fecal contamination may include: illegal discharge of sewage to storm-water drains, malfunctioning sanitary sewer ejectors, clogged and leaking sewage pipes, septic tank leakage, unfenced livestock, and runoff from livestock pens. Long-term fecal coliform data from five sampling stations located within or in the vicinity of the municipio of Mayaguez have been in compliance with the water-quality goal for fecal coliform concentration established in July 1990. \r\n\r\nGeologic, topographic, soil, hydrogeologic, and streamflow data were compiled into a database and used to divide the municipio of Mayaguez into five hydrogeologic terranes. This integrated database then was used to evaluate the ground-water potential of each hydrogeologic terrane. Lineament-trace analysis was used to help assess the ground-water development potential in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. Analyses suggest that areas with slopes greater than 15 degrees have relatively low ground-water development potential. The presence of fractures, independent of the topographic slope, may locally enhance the water-bearing properties in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. The results of this study indicate that induced streamflow generally is needed to sustain low to moderate ground-water withdrawal rates in the five hydrogeologic terranes. The ground-water flow systems in the hydrogeologic terranes are only able to sustain small withdrawal rates that rarely exceed 50 gallons per minute. Areas with a high density of fractures, as could be the case at the intersection of lineament traces in the upper parts of the Rio Ca?as and Rio Yaguez watersheds, are worthy of exploratory drilling for ground-water development.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034317","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Santiago-Rivera, L., Guzman-Rios, S., Gómez-Gómez, F., and Oliveras-Feliciano, M.L., 2004, Surface-Water, Water-Quality, and Ground-Water Assessment of the Municipio of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 1999-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4317, 68 p., 2 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034317.","productDescription":"68 p., 2 pls.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034317/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzman-Rios, Senen sgguzman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman-Rios","given":"Senen","email":"sgguzman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliveras-Feliciano, Mario L.","contributorId":96756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveras-Feliciano","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}