{"pageNumber":"995","pageRowStart":"24850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":79334,"text":"pp1729 - 2006 - Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:53:22.478344","indexId":"pp1729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1729","title":"Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report presents a field-based characterization of fractured and faulted crystalline bedrock in the southern portion of the Questa caldera and its margin. The focus is (1) the identification and description of brittle geological structures and (2) speculation on the potential effects and controls that these structures might have on the potential fluxes of paleo to present-day ground water in relation to natural or mining-related metal and acid loads to surface and ground water. The entire study area is pervasively jointed with a few distinctive patterns such as orthogonal, oblique orthogonal, and conjugate joint sets. Joint intensity, the number of joints measured per unit line length, is high to extreme. Three types of fault zones are present that include partially silicified, low- and high-angle faults with well-developed damage zones and clay-rich cores and high-angle, unsilicified open faults. Conceptually, the joint networks can be thought of as providing the background porosity and permeability structure of the bedrock aquifer system. This background is cut by discrete entities such as the faults with clay-rich cores and open faults that may act as important hydrologic heterogeneities. The southern caldera margin runs parallel to the course of the Red River Valley, whose incision has left an extreme topographic gradient at high angles to the river. Many of the faults and fault intersections run parallel to this assumed hydraulic gradient; thus, these structures have great potential to provide paleo and present-day, discrete and anisotropic pathways for solute transport within the otherwise relatively low porosity and permeability bedrock background aquifer system. Although brittle fracture networks and faults are pervasive and complex, simple Darcy calculations are used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity and potential ground-water discharges of the bedrock aquifer, caldera margin, and other faults in order to gain insight into the potential contributions of these features to the ground-water and surface-water flow systems. These calculations show that, because all of these features are found along the Red River in the Cabin Springs-Columbine Park-Goat Hill fan area, their combined effect increases the probability that the bedrock aquifer ground-water flow system provides discharge to the Red River along this reach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1729","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., 2006, Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1729, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1729.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78352.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2006/1729/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Questa caldera, Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.6069,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6069,\n              36.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.35,\n              36.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.35,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6069,\n              36.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79331,"text":"ofr20061021 - 2006 - Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the Tallahassee Office, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"ofr20061021","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1021","title":"Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the Tallahassee Office, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"This Tallahassee Office Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the Tallahassee Office for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of surface-water data. This plan serves as a guide to all Tallahassee Office personnel involved in surface-water data activities, and changes as the needs and requirements of the Tallahassee Office, Florida Integrated Science Center, and Water Discipline change. Reg-ular updates to this Plan represent an integral part of the quality-assurance process. In the Tallahassee Office, direct oversight and responsibility by the employee(s) assigned to a surface-water station, combined with team approaches in all work efforts, assure high-quality data, analyses, reviews, and reports for cooperating agencies and the public.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061021","usgsCitation":"Tomlinson, S.A., 2006, Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the Tallahassee Office, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1021, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061021.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a93a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomlinson, Stewart A.","contributorId":76002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79330,"text":"ofr20061121 - 2006 - Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20061121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1121","title":"Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC), collected discharge and water-quality data at nine sites in previously monitored areas of the upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, in Wisconsin from May 1 through November 15, 2004. The data were collected for calibration of hydrological models that will be used to simulate how various management strategies will affect the water quality of streams. The data also will support SEWRPC and Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) managers in development of the SEWRPC Regional Water Quality Management Plan and the MMSD 2020 Facilities Plan. These management plans will provide a scientific basis for future management decisions regarding development and maintenance of public and private waste-disposal systems.\r\n\r\nIn May 2004, parts of the study area received over 13 inches of precipitation (3.06 inches is normal). In June 2004, most of the study area received between 7 and 11 inches of rainfall (3.56 inches is normal). This excessive rainfall caused flooding throughout the study area and resultant high discharges were measured at all nine monitoring sites. For example, the mean daily discharge recorded at the Cedar Creek site on May 27, 2004, was 2,120 cubic feet per second. This discharge ranked ninth of the largest 10 mean daily discharges in the 75-year record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 30, 1960. Discharge records from continuous monitoring on the Root River Canal near Franklin since October 1, 1963, indicated that the discharge recorded on May 23, 2004, ranked second highest on record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 4, 1974.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were taken during two base-flow events and six storm events at each of the nine sites. Analysis of water-quality data indicated that most concentrations of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, chloride, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphorus, total copper, particulate mercury, dissolved mercury, particulate methylmercury, dissolved methylmercury, and total zinc were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and State of Wisconsin water-quality standards at all sites, with the exception of dissolved oxygen at the Kewaskum, Farmington, Root River Canal, Root River Racine, and Root River Mouth sites. Each of these sites had from several days to several weeks of daily average dissolved oxygen concentrations below the 5 milligrams per liter State of Wisconsin standard for aquatic life. The lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured at the heavily urbanized Root River Mouth site in downtown Racine, Wisconsin, where elevated concentrations of ammonia may have contributed to oxygen consumption during oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Additionally, the maximum concentrations of copper in several Root River samples exceeded draft USEPA Ambient Water-Quality Criteria (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) for acute toxicity to several species of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\nSubstantial water-quality changes were not correlated with hydrologic changes at any of the nine sites. Base-flow water-quality was generally indistinguishable from that sampled during storm events. The sparsely developed upper Milwaukee River and Cedar Creek Basins had relatively low ranges of contamination for all laboratory-reported parameters. For all nine sites, the highest reported concentrations of chloride (216 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.627 mg/L), ortho-phosphorus (0.136 mg/L), nitrate plus nitrate (9.32 mg/L), and copper (38 ?g/L) were reported for samples collected at the Root River Canal site. The highest concentrations of fecal coliforms (3,600 colonies per 100 mL) and Escherichia coli (2,300 colonies per 100 mL) were reported in samples collected at Kewaskum. The highest concentrations of s","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061121","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., 2006, Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1121, viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061121.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables","numberOfPages":"60","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2004-11-15","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68acf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, David W.","contributorId":39362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79328,"text":"fs20063092 - 2006 - Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"fs20063092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3092","title":"Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the sensitivity of aquatic life to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a major constituent of coal-bed natural gas-produced water. Excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate in the wastewater from coal-bed methane natural gas production released to freshwater streams and rivers may adversely affect the ability of fish to regulate their ion uptake. The collaborative study focuses on the acute and chronic toxicity of sodium bicarbonate on select fish species in the Tongue and Powder River drainages in southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming.\r\n\r\nSodium bicarbonate is not naturally present in appreciable concentrations within the surface waters of the Tongue and Powder River drainages; however, the coal-bed natural gas wastewater can reach levels over 1,000 milligrams per liter. Large concentrations have been shown to be acutely toxic to native fish (Mount and others, 1997). In 2003, with funding and guidance provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a collaborative study on the potential effects of coal-bed natural gas wastewater on aquatic life. A major goal of the study is to provide information to the State of Montana Water Quality Program needed to develop an aquatic life standard for sodium bicarbonate. The standard would allow the State, if necessary, to establish targets for sodium bicarbonate load reductions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063092","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3092, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063092.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3092.jpg"},{"id":8816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79327,"text":"ds196 - 2006 - California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T20:41:39.645215","indexId":"ds196","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"196","title":"California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005","docAbstract":"Growing concern over the closure of public-supply wells because of ground-water contamination has led the State Water Board to establish the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. With the aid of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the program goals are to enhance understanding and provide a current assessment of ground-water quality in areas where ground water is an important source of drinking water. The Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit covers an area of approximately 2,079 square miles (mi2) across four hydrologic study areas in the San Joaquin Valley. The four study areas are the California Department of Water Resources (CADWR) defined Tracy subbasin, the CADWR-defined Eastern San Joaquin subbasin, the CADWR-defined Cosumnes subbasin, and the sedimentologically distinct USGS-defined Uplands study area, which includes portions of both the Cosumnes and Eastern San Joaquin subbasins.\r\n\r\nSeventy ground-water samples were collected from 64 public-supply, irrigation, domestic, and monitoring wells within the Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit. Thirty-two of these samples were collected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin study area, 17 in the Tracy Basin study area, 10 in the Cosumnes Basin study area, and 11 in the Uplands Basin study area. Of the 32 samples collected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin, 6 were collected using a depth-dependent sampling pump. This pump allows for the collection of samples from discrete depths within the pumping well. Two wells were chosen for depth-dependent sampling and three samples were collected at varying depths within each well. Over 350 water-quality field parameters, chemical constituents, and microbial constituents were analyzed and are reported as concentrations and as detection frequencies, by compound classification as well as for individual constituents, for the Northern San Joaquin Basin study unit as a whole and for each individual study area. Results are presented in a descending order based on detection frequencies (most frequently detected compound listed first), or alphabetically when a detection frequency could not be calculated. Only certain wells were measured for all constituents and water-quality parameters.\r\n\r\nThe results of all of the analyses were compared with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Health Services (CADHS) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs), USEPA lifetime health advisories (HA-Ls), the risk-specific dose at a cancer risk level equal to 1 in 100,000 or 10E-5 (RSD5), and CADHS notification levels (NLs). When USEPA and CADHS MCLs are the same, detection levels were compared with the USEPA standard; however, in some cases, the CADHS MCL may be lower. In those cases, the data were compared with the CADHS MCL.\r\n\r\nConstituents listed by CADHS as 'unregulated chemicals for which monitoring is required' were compared with the CADHS 'detection level for the purposes of reporting' (DLR). DLRs unlike MCLs are not health based standards. Instead, they are levels at which current laboratory detection capabilities allow eighty percent of qualified laboratories to achieve measurements within thirty percent of the true concentration. \r\n\r\nTwenty-three volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and seven gasoline oxygenates were detected in ground-water samples collected in the Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit. Additionally, 13 tentatively identified compounds were detected. VOCs were most frequently detected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin study area and least frequently detected in samples collected in the Cosumnes Basin study area. Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), a CADHS 'unregulated chemical for which monitoring is required,' was detected in two wells at concentrations greater than the DLR. Trihalomethanes\r\nwere the most frequently detected class of VOC constituents. Chloroform (trichloromethane) was the m","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds196","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Belitz, K., and Milby Dawson, B.J., 2006, California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 196, xiv, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds196.","productDescription":"xiv, 122 p.","numberOfPages":"136","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78292.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin Study Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              37.52715361723378\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.421142578125,\n              37.52715361723378\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.421142578125,\n              38.62545397209084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              38.62545397209084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              37.52715361723378\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79326,"text":"ds214 - 2006 - Agricultural Chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-13T11:19:50","indexId":"ds214","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"214","title":"Agricultural Chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04","docAbstract":"<p>Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, is part of an Agricultural Chemicals: Source, Transport, and Fate study conducted by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Water-quality samples were collected in Leary Weber Ditch and in the major hydrologic compartments of the Leary Weber Ditch Basin during 2003 and 2004. Hydrologic compartments that contribute water and agricultural chemicals to Leary Weber Ditch are rain water, overland-flow water, soil water, tile-drain water, and ground water. Samples were analyzed for selected pesticides, nutrients, and major ions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds214","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Lathrop, T., 2006, Agricultural Chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 214, 3 tables; 2 p. accompanying text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds214.","productDescription":"3 tables; 2 p. accompanying text","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds214.GIF"},{"id":8814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","otherGeospatial":"Leary Weber Ditch Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"724\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lathrop, Timothy R. trlathro@usgs.gov","contributorId":4065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Timothy R.","email":"trlathro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79325,"text":"sir20065059 - 2006 - Ground-water quality in unmined areas and near reclaimed surface coal mines in the northern and central Appalachian coal regions, Pennsylvania and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T16:49:53","indexId":"sir20065059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5059","title":"Ground-water quality in unmined areas and near reclaimed surface coal mines in the northern and central Appalachian coal regions, Pennsylvania and West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Findings are presented from investigations during 1996-1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Ground-water quality in 58 wells downgradient of reclaimed surface coal mines is compared to ground-water quality from 25 wells in unmined areas (background concentrations) in the bituminous coal fields of the northern Appalachian coal region (high-sulfur coal region) in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia and the central Appalachian coal region (low-sulfur coal region) in West Virginia. Ground water in the mined high-sulfur coal region has significantly greater median concentrations of sulfate, hardness, calcium, and specific conductance compared to the unmined high-sulfur coal region and to both mined and unmined areas in the low-sulfur coal region. Ground water in mined areas had median values of mine-drainage constituents (sulfate, iron, manganese, aluminum, hardness, calcium, magnesium, turbidity, and specific conductance) that were significantly greater than medians for wells in unmined areas. Mine-drainage constituents include cations such as calcium and magnesium that become elevated compared to levels in unmined areas because of exposure of acidic mine drainage to calcareous materials. The transport of pyrite-oxidation products from the mined site and subsequent neutralization reactions by calcareous materials at the mine site or along the flow path are likely processes that result in greater concentrations of mine-drainage constituents in mined areas compared to unmined areas. Mine-drainage constituents generally exceeded unmined-area background concentrations within about 500 feet of mined sites but were at or below background levels in wells more than 1,000 feet downgradient of mined sites. Concentrations of sulfate, hardness, and total dissolved solids were greatest at well depths of 50 to 150&nbsp;feet but generally were less than background concentrations in wells deeper than 150 feet. Concentrations of iron, manganese, and aluminum exceeded background concentrations in many wells less than 150 feet deep.</span><br><br><span>In mined areas, median ground-water ages are nearly as old in hill locations as in valley locations. Older ground-water age correlates with increased distance from mined areas. The lack of significant correlation among mine-drainage-constituent concentrations, ground-water age, distance from mined areas, and topographic locations may be the result of factors such as (1) mixing of ground-water ages in wells open to fractures with variable depths, lengths, and interconnections; (2) disturbance of rock from blasting; and (3) variations in slope and terrain relief in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065059","usgsCitation":"McAuley, S.D., and Kozar, M.D., 2006, Ground-water quality in unmined areas and near reclaimed surface coal mines in the northern and central Appalachian coal regions, Pennsylvania and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5059, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065059.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8813,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81,\n              42.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              42.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              42.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Steven D.","contributorId":81895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79322,"text":"ds224 - 2006 - Aeromagnetic Survey of Taylor Mountains Area in Southwest Alaska, A Website for the Distribution of Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ds224","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"224","title":"Aeromagnetic Survey of Taylor Mountains Area in Southwest Alaska, A Website for the Distribution of Data","docAbstract":"USGS Data Series Report for the release of aeromagnetic data collected in the Taylor Mountains Area of Southwest Alaska and associated contractor reports.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSummary:  \r\nAn airborne high-resolution magnetic and coincidental horizontal magnetic gradiometer survey was completed over the Taylor Mountains area in southwest Alaska. The flying was undertaken by McPhar Geosurveys Ltd. on behalf of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). First tests and calibration flights were completed by April 7, 2004, and data acquisition was initiated on April 17, 2004. The final data acquisition and final test/calibrations flight was completed on May 31, 2004. Data acquired during the survey totaled 8,971.15 line-miles.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds224","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Aeromagnetic Survey of Taylor Mountains Area in Southwest Alaska, A Website for the Distribution of Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 224, map, 42 by 21 inches; metadata file; contractors report and map plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds224.","productDescription":"map, 42 by 21 inches; metadata file; contractors report and map plate","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79321,"text":"sir20065275 - 2006 - Effects of Proposed Additional Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer on Water Levels in Lonoke County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"sir20065275","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5275","title":"Effects of Proposed Additional Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer on Water Levels in Lonoke County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The Grand Prairie Water Users Association, located in Lonoke County, Arkansas, plans to increase ground-water withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer from their current (2005) rate of about 400 gallons per minute to 1,400 gallons per minute (2,016,000 gallons per day). The effect of pumping from a proposed well was simulated using a digital model of ground-water flow. The proposed additional withdrawals were added to an existing pumping cell specified in the model, with increased pumping beginning in 2005, and specified to pump at a total combined rate of 2,016,000 gallons per day for a period of 46 years. In addition, pumping from wells owned by Cabot Water Works, located about 2 miles from the proposed pumping, was added to the model beginning in 2001 and continuing through to the end of 2049. \r\n\r\nSimulated pumping causes a cone of depression to occur in the alluvial aquifer with a maximum decline in water level of about 8.5 feet in 46 years in the model cell of the proposed well compared to 1998 withdrawals. However, three new dry model cells occur south of the withdrawal well after 46 years. This total water-level decline takes into account the cumulative effect of all wells pumping in the vicinity, although the specified pumping rate from all other model cells in 2005 is less than for actual conditions in 2005. After 46 years with the additional pumping, the water-level altitude in the pumped model cell was about 177.4 feet, which is 41.7 feet higher than 135.7 feet, the altitude corresponding to half of the original saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer (a metric used to determine if the aquifer should be designated as a Critical Ground-Water Area (Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, 2006)).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065275","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., 2006, Effects of Proposed Additional Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer on Water Levels in Lonoke County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5275, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065275.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8808,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,32.5 ], [ -93,37 ], [ -89,37 ], [ -89,32.5 ], [ -93,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79335,"text":"sir20065182 - 2006 - Geology, Water, and Wind in the Lower Helmand Basin, Southern Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:18","indexId":"sir20065182","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5182","title":"Geology, Water, and Wind in the Lower Helmand Basin, Southern Afghanistan","docAbstract":"This report presents an overview of the geology, hydrology, and climate of the lower Helmand Basin, a large, closed, arid basin in southern Afghanistan. The basin is drained by the Helmand River, the only perennial desert stream between the Indus and Tigris-Euphrates Rivers. The Helmand River is the lifeblood of southern Afghanistan and has supported desert civilizations in the Sistan depression for over 6,000 years.\r\n\r\nThe Helmand Basin is a structurally closed basin that began to form during the middle Tertiary as a consequence of the collision of several Gondwanaland fragments. Aeromagnetic studies indicate the basin is 3-5 kilometers deep over basement rocks. Continued subsidence along basin-bounding faults in Iran and Pakistan throughout the Neogene has formed the Sistan depression in the southwest corner of the basin. Lacustrine, eolian, and fluvial deposits are commonly exposed in the basin and were intruded by latest Miocene-middle Quaternary volcanoes, which indicates that depositional environments in the lower Helmand Basin have not substantially changed for nearly 10 million years.\r\n\r\nLakes expanded in the Sistan depression during the Quaternary; however, the size and extent of these pluvial lakes are unknown. Climate conditions in the lower Helmand Basin likely mirrored climate changes in the Rajasthan Desert to the east and in Middle Eastern deserts to the west: greater aridity during global episodes of colder temperatures and increased available moisture during episodes of warmer temperatures.\r\n\r\nEolian processes are unusually dominant in shaping the landscape in the basin. A strong wind blows for 120 days each summer, scouring dry lakebeds and creating dune fields from annual flood deposits. Nearly one-third of the basin is mantled with active or stabilized dunes. Blowing winds combined with summer temperatures over 50? Celsius and voluminous insect populations hatched from the deltaic wetlands create an environment referred to as the 'most odious place on earth' by 19th century visitors. During dry years, large plumes of dust originating from Sistan are recorded by weather satellites.\r\n\r\nThe Helmand River drains about 40 percent of Afghanistan and receives most of its moisture from melting snow and spring storms. Similar to many desert streams, the Helmand and its main tributary, the Arghandab River, are characterized by large fluctuations in monthly and annual discharges. Water from the Helmand accumulates in several hamuns (shallow lakes) in the Sistan depression. The wetlands surrounding these hamuns are the largest in western Asia and are directly affected by droughts and floods on the Helmand. Average annual discharge on the Helmand is about 6.12 million megaliters (million cubic meters), and the annual discharge varies by a factor of five. In 2005, the region was just beginning to recover from the longest drought (1998-2005) of record back to 1830. Annual peak discharges range from less than 80 cubic meters per second in 1971 to nearly 19,000 cubic meters per second in 1885. Large floods fill each hamun to overflowing to create one large lake that overflows into the normally dry Gaud-i Zirreh basin. The interaction of flooding, active subsidence, and wind erosion causes frequent channel changes on the Helmand delta.\r\n\r\nA major development effort on the Helmand River was initiated after World War II with substantial aid from the United States. Two dams and several major canals were completed in the 1950s; however, poor drainage conditions on the newly prepared agricultural fields caused extensive waterlogging and salinization. New drains were installed and improved agricultural methods were implemented in the 1970s, and some lands became more productive. Since 1980, Afghanistan has endured almost constant war and civil and political strife. In 2005, the country was on a path to rebuild much of its technical infrastructure. Revitalization of agricultural lands in the lower Helmand Basin and improved managem","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065182","usgsCitation":"Whitney, J.W., 2006, Geology, Water, and Wind in the Lower Helmand Basin, Southern Afghanistan (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5182, vi, 40 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065182.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8824,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79319,"text":"ofr20061309 - 2006 - Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20061309","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1309","title":"Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"As a result of pumping and subsequent declines in water levels, chloride concentrations have increased in water from wells in the Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, about 80 miles east of San Francisco (Montgomery Watson, Inc., 2000). Water from a number of public-supply, agricultural, and domestic wells in the western part of the subbasin adjacent to the San Joaquin Delta exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for chloride of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (fig. 1) (link to animation showing chloride concentrations in water from wells, 1984 to 2004). Some of these wells have been removed from service. High-chloride water from delta surface water, delta sediments, saline aquifers that underlie freshwater aquifers, and irrigation return are possible sources of high-chloride water to wells (fig. 2). It is possible that different sources contribute high-chloride water to wells in different parts of the subbasin or even to different depths within the same well.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061309","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Metzger, L.F., McPherson, K.R., Everett, R., and Bennett, G.L., 2006, Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1309, 8 p., animation files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061309.","productDescription":"8 p., animation files","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -121,37 ], [ -121,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79318,"text":"sir20065268 - 2006 - Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5268","title":"Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005","docAbstract":"Surface-water data collected at two streamflow-gaging stations on the Pleasant River were analyzed to determine whether ground-water withdrawals from an irrigation well near the Pleasant River have affected streamflows. The relation between the stream-stage data from the two stations shows that stream stage on days when the well was pumped differs from stream stage on days with no pumping, indicating that short-term streamflow depletion occurred. The linear relation defining the relation of stage at the two gaging stations during periods of pumping is significantly different from the linear relation defining the relation of stage at the same two stations during periods of no pumping. The difference between the two linear relations was used to estimate how much short-term streamflow depletion is coincident with ground-water withdrawals. Estimated short-term streamflow depletion varies with stage and ranges from approximately 0.3 to 0.8 cubic feet per second; the relative short-term streamflow depletion ranges from approximately 1.7 to 10 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065268","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Stewart, G.J., 2006, Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5268, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065268.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8803,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Gregory J. gstewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Gregory","email":"gstewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79316,"text":"ofr20061215 - 2006 - Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20061215","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1215","title":"Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nThe United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office (NSO) are addressing ground-water contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management (EM) program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area (UGTA) project.\r\n\r\nDuring 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the DOE and NNSA-NSO, collected and processed data from twenty-six magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) sites at the Nevada Test Site. The 2005 data stations were located on and near Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain to assist in characterizing the pre-Tertiary geology in those areas. These new stations extend the area of the hydrogeologic study previously conducted in Yucca Flat. The MT data presented in this report will help refine what is known about the character, thickness, and lateral extent of pre Tertiary confining units. Subsequent interpretation will include a three dimensional (3 D) character analysis and a two-dimensional (2 D) resistivity model. The purpose of this report is to release the MT sounding data. No interpretation of the data is included here. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061215","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., Sampson, J.A., Rodriguez, B.D., and Asch, T., 2006, Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1215, iii, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061215.","productDescription":"iii, 243 p.","numberOfPages":"246","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70242026,"text":"70242026 - 2006 - Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T16:32:26.141284","indexId":"70242026","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-03T11:27:13","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9540,"text":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"<p><span>In clay-rich sediment, microstructures and macrostructures influence how sediments deform when under stress. When lithology is fairly constant, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be a simple technique for measuring the relative consolidation state of sediment, which reflects the sediment burial history. AMS can reveal areas of high water content and apparent overconsolidation associated with unconformities where sediment overburden has been removed. Many other methods for testing consolidation and water content are destructive and invasive, whereas AMS provides a nondestructive means to focus on areas for additional geotechnical study. In zones where the magnetic minerals are undergoing diagenesis, AMS should not be used for detecting compaction state. By utilizing AMS in the Santa Barbara Basin, we were able to identify one clear unconformity and eight zones of high water content in three cores. With the addition of susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization rock magnetic techniques, we excluded 3 out of 11 zones from being compaction disequilibria. The AMS signals for these three zones are the result of diagenesis, coring deformation, and burrows. In addition, using AMS eigenvectors, we are able to accurately show the direction of maximum compression for the accumulation zone of the Gaviota Slide.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GC001378","usgsCitation":"Schwehr, K., Tauxe, L., Driscoll, N., and Lee, H., 2006, Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 7, no. 11, Q11002, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001378.","productDescription":"Q11002, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001378","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwehr, Kurt","contributorId":303912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwehr","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tauxe, Lisa","contributorId":210311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauxe","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal","contributorId":295723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":868593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79304,"text":"sir20065146 - 2006 - Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"sir20065146","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5146","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of annual peak flows are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water-conveyance structures. This report, done in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) and the Delaware Geological Survey (DGS), presents methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on nontidal streams in Delaware at locations where streamgaging stations monitor streamflow continuously and at ungaged sites. Methods are presented for estimating the magnitude of floods for return frequencies ranging from 2 through 500 years. These methods are applicable to watersheds exhibiting a full range of urban development conditions. The report also describes StreamStats, a web application that makes it easy to obtain flood-frequency estimates for user-selected locations on Delaware streams.\r\n     Flood-frequency estimates for ungaged sites are obtained through a process known as regionalization, using statistical regression analysis, where information determined for a group of streamgaging stations within a region forms the basis for estimates for ungaged sites within the region. One hundred and sixteen streamgaging stations in and near Delaware with at least 10 years of non-regulated annual peak-flow data available were used in the regional analysis. Estimates for gaged sites are obtained by combining the station peak-flow statistics (mean, standard deviation, and skew) and peak-flow estimates with regional estimates of skew and flood-frequency magnitudes. Example flood-frequency estimate calculations using the methods presented in the report are given for: (1) ungaged sites, (2) gaged locations, (3) sites upstream or downstream from a gaged location, and (4) sites between gaged locations.\r\n     Regional regression equations applicable to ungaged sites in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Physiographic Provinces of Delaware are presented. The equations incorporate drainage area, forest cover, impervious area, basin storage, housing density, soil type A, and mean basin slope as explanatory variables, and have average standard errors of prediction ranging from 28 to 72 percent. Additional regression equations that incorporate drainage area and housing density as explanatory variables are presented for use in defining the effects of urbanization on peak-flow estimates throughout Delaware for the 2-year through 500-year recurrence intervals, along with suggestions for their appropriate use in predicting development-affected peak flows.\r\n     Additional topics associated with the analyses performed during the study are also discussed, including: (1) the availability and description of more than 30 basin and climatic characteristics considered during the development of the regional regression equations; (2) the treatment of increasing trends in the annual peak-flow series identified at 18 gaged sites, with respect to their relations with maximum 24-hour precipitation and housing density, and their use in the regional analysis; (3) calculation of the 90-percent confidence interval associated with peak-flow estimates from the regional regression equations; and (4) a comparison of flood-frequency estimates at gages used in a previous study, highlighting the effects of various improved analytical techniques.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065146","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., and Dillow, J., 2006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5146, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065146.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillow, Jonathan J.A.","contributorId":18412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillow","given":"Jonathan J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79314,"text":"sir20065245 - 2006 - Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20065245","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5245","title":"Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released updated aquatic life criteria for cadmium. Since then, additional data on the effects of cadmium to aquatic life have become available from studies supported by the EPA, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ), and the U.S. Geological Survey, among other sources. Updated data on the effects of cadmium to aquatic life were compiled and reviewed and low-effect concentrations were estimated. Low-effect values were calculated using EPA's guidelines for deriving numerical national water-quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses. Data on the short-term (acute) effects of cadmium on North American freshwater species that were suitable for criteria derivation were located for 69 species representing 57 genera and 33 families. For longer-term (chronic) effects of cadmium on North American freshwater species, suitable data were located for 28 species representing 21 genera and 17 families. Both the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium were dependent on the hardness of the test water. Hardness-toxicity regressions were developed for both acute and chronic datasets so that effects data from different tests could be adjusted to a common water hardness. Hardness-adjusted effects values were pooled to obtain species and genus mean acute and chronic values, which then were ranked by their sensitivity to cadmium. The four most sensitive genera to acute exposures were, in order of increasing cadmium resistance, Oncorhynchus (Pacific trout and salmon), Salvelinus ('char' trout), Salmo (Atlantic trout and salmon), and Cottus (sculpin). The four most sensitive genera to chronic exposures were Hyalella (amphipod), Cottus, Gammarus (amphipod), and Salvelinus. Using the updated datasets, hardness dependent criteria equations were calculated for acute and chronic exposures to cadmium. At a hardness of 50 mg/L as calcium carbonate, the criterion maximum concentration (CMC, or 'acute' criterion) was calculated as 0.75 mug/L cadmium using the hardness-dependent equation CMC = e(0.8403 ? ln(hardness)-3.572) where the 'ln hardness' is the natural logarithm of the water hardness. Likewise, the criterion continuous concentration (CCC, or 'chronic' criterion) was calculated as 0.37 mug/L cadmium using the hardness-dependent equation CCC = (e(0.6247 ? ln(hardness)-3.384)) ? (1.101672 - ((ln hardness) ? 0.041838))).\r\n\r\nUsing data that were independent of those used to derive the criteria, the criteria concentrations were evaluated to estimate whether adverse effects were expected to the biological integrity of natural waters or to selected species listed as threatened or endangered. One species was identified that would not be fully protected by the derived CCC, the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Exposure to CCC conditions likely would lead to population decreases in Hyalella azteca, the food web consequences of which probably would be slight if macroinvertebrate communities were otherwise diverse. Some data also suggested adverse behavioral changes are possible in fish following long-term exposures to low levels of cadmium, particularly in char (genus Salvelinus). Although ambiguous, these data indicate a need to periodically review the literature on behavioral changes in fish following metals exposure as more information becomes available. Most data reviewed indicated that criteria conditions were unlikely to contribute to overt adverse effects to either biological integrity or listed species. If elevated cadmium concentrations that approach the chronic criterion values occur in ambient waters, careful biological monitoring of invertebrate and fish assemblages would be prudent to validate the prediction that the assemblages would not be adversely affected by cadmium at criterion concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., 2006, Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5245, viii, 130 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065245.","productDescription":"viii, 130 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5245.jpg"},{"id":8796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79313,"text":"sir20065080 - 2006 - Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:39:00","indexId":"sir20065080","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5080","title":"Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065080","usgsCitation":"Dillow, J., and Raffensperger, J.P., 2006, Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5080, iii, 10 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065080.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"13","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillow, Jonathan J.A.","contributorId":18412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillow","given":"Jonathan J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179453,"text":"70179453 - 2006 - Coastal habitats in Puget Sound:  A research plan in support of the Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T12:12:38","indexId":"70179453","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Coastal habitats in Puget Sound:  A research plan in support of the Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this research plan is to identify high-priority research goals and objectives and delineate the critical questions and information gaps that need to be addressed to provide natural-resource managers and policy- and decisionmakers with tools to effectively undertake restoration planning and adaptive management of the nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179453","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., Mumford, T., Brennan, J., Case, H., Dethier, M., Fresh, K., Goetz, F., van Heeswijk, M., Leschine, T.M., Logsdon, M., Myers, D., Newton, J., Shipman, H., Simenstad, C.A., Tanner, C., and Woodson, D., 2006, Coastal habitats in Puget Sound:  A research plan in support of the Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, IV., 44 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179453.","productDescription":"IV., 44 p. 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,{"id":79262,"text":"sir20065244 - 2006 - Selected Streamflow Statistics and Regression Equations for Predicting Statistics at Stream Locations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:12:41","indexId":"sir20065244","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5244","title":"Selected Streamflow Statistics and Regression Equations for Predicting Statistics at Stream Locations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A suite of 28 streamflow statistics, ranging from extreme low to high flows, was computed for 17 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and predicted for 20 partial-record stations in Monroe County and contiguous counties in north-eastern Pennsylvania. The predicted statistics for the partial-record stations were based on regression analyses relating inter-mittent flow measurements made at the partial-record stations indexed to concurrent daily mean flows at continuous-record stations during base-flow conditions. The same statistics also were predicted for 134 ungaged stream locations in Monroe County on the basis of regression analyses relating the statistics to GIS-determined basin characteristics for the continuous-record station drainage areas. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe prediction methodology for developing the regression equations used to estimate statistics was developed for estimating low-flow frequencies. This study and a companion study found that the methodology also has application potential for predicting intermediate- and high-flow statistics. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe statistics included mean monthly flows, mean annual flow, 7-day low flows for three recurrence intervals, nine flow durations, mean annual base flow, and annual mean base flows for two recurrence intervals. Low standard errors of prediction and high coefficients of determination (R2) indicated good results in using the regression equations to predict the statistics. Regression equations for the larger flow statistics tended to have lower standard errors of prediction and higher coefficients of determination (R2) than equations for the smaller flow statistics. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe report discusses the methodologies used in determining the statistics and the limitations of the statistics and the equations used to predict the statistics. Caution is indicated in using the predicted statistics for small drainage area situations. Study results constitute input needed by water-resource managers in Monroe County for planning purposes and evaluation of water-resources availability.\r\n","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20065244","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R., and Hoffman, S.A., 2006, Selected Streamflow Statistics and Regression Equations for Predicting Statistics at Stream Locations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5244, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065244.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8741,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,45.5 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -74.5,41.5 ], [ -74.5,45.5 ], [ -76,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55a8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ronald E.","contributorId":27958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ronald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79278,"text":"fs20063120 - 2006 - Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T10:58:22","indexId":"fs20063120","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3120","title":"Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system (DVRFS) of southern Nevada and eastern California covers an area of about 100,000 square kilometers and contains very complex geology and hydrology. Using a computer model to represent the complex system, the U.S. Geological Survey simulated ground-water flow in the Death Valley region for use with U.S. Department of Energy projects in southern Nevada. The model was created to help address contaminant cleanup activities associated with the underground nuclear testing conducted from 1951 to 1992 at the Nevada Test Site and to support the licensing process for the proposed geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Henderson, NV","doi":"10.3133/fs20063120","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., Faunt, C., Sweetkind, D.S., Blainey, J., San Juan, C.A., Laczniak, R.J., and Hill, M.C., 2006, Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3120, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063120.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3120.jpg"},{"id":8759,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, W.R.","contributorId":30667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, D. 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J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":79276,"text":"sir20065174 - 2006 - Water-quality changes caused by riverbank filtration between the Missouri River and three pumping wells of the Independence, Missouri, well field 2003-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:26:18.686729","indexId":"sir20065174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5174","title":"Water-quality changes caused by riverbank filtration between the Missouri River and three pumping wells of the Independence, Missouri, well field 2003-05","docAbstract":"Riverbank filtration substantially improves the source-water quality of the Independence, Missouri well field. Coliform bacteria, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, viruses and selected constituents were analyzed in water samples from the Missouri River, two vertical wells, and a collector well.\r\n\r\nTotal coliform bacteria, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and total culturable viruses were detected in the Missouri River, but were undetected in samples from wells. Using minimum reporting levels for non-detections in well samples, minimum log removals were 4.57 for total coliform bacteria, 1.67 for Cryptosporidium, 1.67 for Giardia, and 1.15 for total culturable virus. Ground-water flow rates between the Missouri River and wells were calculated from water temperature profiles and ranged between 1.2 and 6.7 feet per day. Log removals based on sample pairs separated by the traveltime between the Missouri River and wells were infinite for total coliform bacteria (minimum detection level equal to zero), between 0.8 and 3.5 for turbidity, between 1.5 and 2.1 for Giardia, and between 0.4 and 2.6 for total culturable viruses. Cryptosporidium was detected once in the Missouri River but no corresponding well samples were available. No clear relation was evident between changes in water quality in the Missouri River and in wells for almost all constituents. Results of analyses for organic wastewater compounds and the distribution of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and temperature in the Missouri River indicate water quality on the south side of the river was moderately influenced by the south bank inflows to the river upstream from the Independence well field.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065174","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., and Rydlund, P.H., 2006, Water-quality changes caused by riverbank filtration between the Missouri River and three pumping wells of the Independence, Missouri, well field 2003-05 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5174, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065174.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415303,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86823.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.5,\n              39.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5,\n              39.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35,\n              39.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35,\n              39.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5,\n              39.1833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79272,"text":"sir20065198 - 2006 - Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20065198","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5198","title":"Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Private and public wells throughout Morgan County, W. Va., were tested to determine aquifer hydraulic, geochemical, and water-quality characteristics. The entire study area is located in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province, a region of complex geologic structure and lithology. Aquifers in the study area are characterized by thin to thick bedded formations with interbedding among the various limestones, shales, sandstones, and siltstones that are folded into a series of steeply dipping north-south trending anticlines and synclines. Zones of ground-water production typically consist of one to two fracture sets, with little to no production from unfractured bedrock matrix. Measurements of transmissivity range from 2 to 1,490 feet squared per day, with the larger transmissivities occurring near bedding contacts and in zones with cross-faulting or jointing. Ground water flows from recharge areas in the uplands to local drainages and to deeper flow systems that appear to be controlled by regional geologic structure. The overall flow direction is from south to north within the study area.\r\n\r\nGround water within the study area is predominantly a calcium-bicarbonate type water reflecting contact with carbonate rocks. Sodium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulfate end-members also exist, with many samples exhibiting mixing, which may be the result of flow between the differing rock types or within units containing both carbonate rocks and shales. Values of water-quality characteristics that were greater than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards included radon-222, pH, turbidity, iron, manganese, aluminum, and total- and fecal-coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Concentrations of radon-222 were detected in all samples from all units, with the largest concentrations (1,330 and 2,170 picocuries per liter) from the Clinton Formation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065198","usgsCitation":"Boughton, C.J., and McCoy, K.J., 2006, Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5198, vi, 56 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065198.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boughton, Carol J.","contributorId":27429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79258,"text":"tm5B4 - 2006 - Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:25:48","indexId":"tm5B4","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B4","title":"Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the determination of 69 compounds typically found in domestic and industrial wastewater is described. The method was developed in response to increasing concern over the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on aquatic organisms in wastewater. This method also is useful for evaluating the effects of combined sanitary and storm-sewer overflow on the water quality of urban streams. The method focuses on the determination of compounds that are indicators of wastewater or have endocrine-disrupting potential. These compounds include the alkylphenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants, food additives, fragrances, antioxidants, flame retardants, plasticizers, industrial solvents, disinfectants, fecal sterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and high-use domestic pesticides.\r\n\r\nWastewater compounds in whole-water samples were extracted using continuous liquid-liquid extractors and methylene chloride solvent, and then determined by capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recoveries in reagent-water samples fortified at 0.5 microgram per liter averaged 72 percent ? 8 percent relative standard deviation. The concentration of 21 compounds is always reported as estimated because method recovery was less than 60 percent, variability was greater than 25 percent relative standard deviation, or standard reference compounds were prepared from technical mixtures. Initial method detection limits averaged 0.18 microgram per liter. Samples were preserved by adding 60 grams of sodium chloride and stored at 4 degrees Celsius. The laboratory established a sample holding-time limit prior to sample extraction of 14 days from the date of collection.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 4 of Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory of Book 5, Laboratory Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm5B4","usgsCitation":"Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006, Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B4, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B4.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/05B04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_b4.gif"}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael P.","contributorId":103303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79256,"text":"ofr20061299 - 2006 - Inversion of Gravity Data to Define the Pre-Cenozoic Surface and Regional Structures Possibly Influencing Groundwater Flow in the Rainier Mesa Region, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20061299","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1299","title":"Inversion of Gravity Data to Define the Pre-Cenozoic Surface and Regional Structures Possibly Influencing Groundwater Flow in the Rainier Mesa Region, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional inversion of gravity data from the Rainier Mesa area and surrounding regions reveals a topographically complex pre-Cenozoic basement surface. This model of the depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks is intended for use in a 3D hydrogeologic model being constructed for the Rainier Mesa area. Prior to this study, our knowledge of the depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks was based on a regional model, applicable to general studies of the greater Nevada Test Site area but inappropriate for higher resolution modeling of ground-water flow across the Rainier Mesa area. The new model incorporates several changes that lead to significant improvements over the previous regional view. First, the addition of constraining wells, encountering old volcanic rocks lying above but near pre-Cenozoic basement, prevents modeled basement from being too shallow. Second, an extensive literature and well data search has led to an increased understanding of the change of rock density with depth in the vicinity of Rainier Mesa. The third, and most important change, relates to the application of several depth-density relationships in the study area instead of a single generalized relationship, thereby improving the overall model fit. In general, the pre-Cenozoic basement surface deepens in the western part of the study area, delineating collapses within the Silent Canyon and Timber Mountain caldera complexes, and shallows in the east in the Eleana Range and Yucca Flat regions, where basement crops out. In the Rainier Mesa study area, basement is generally shallow (< 1 km). The new model identifies previously unrecognized structures within the pre-Cenozoic basement that may influence ground-water flow, such as a shallow basement ridge related to an inferred fault extending northward from Rainier Mesa into Kawich Valley. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061299","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T.G., Phelps, G., and Mankinen, E.A., 2006, Inversion of Gravity Data to Define the Pre-Cenozoic Surface and Regional Structures Possibly Influencing Groundwater Flow in the Rainier Mesa Region, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1299, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061299.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1299/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,36.5 ], [ -116.5,37.5 ], [ -116,37.5 ], [ -116,36.5 ], [ -116.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48eae4b07f02db55519b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79288,"text":"ofr20061176 - 2006 - Geophysical Investigations of the Smoke Creek Desert and their Geologic Implications, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1176","title":"Geophysical Investigations of the Smoke Creek Desert and their Geologic Implications, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California","docAbstract":"The Smoke Creek Desert is a large basin about 100 km (60 mi) north of Reno near the California-Nevada border, situated along the northernmost parts of the Walker Lane Belt, a physiographic region defined by diverse topographic expression consisting of northweststriking topographic features and strike-slip faulting. Because geologic and geophysical framework studies play an important role in understanding the hydrogeology of the Smoke Creek Desert, a geophysical effort was undertaken to help determine basin geometry, infer structural features, and estimate depth to basement. \r\n\r\nIn the northernmost parts of the Smoke Creek Desert basin, along Squaw Creek Valley, geophysical data indicate that the basin is shallow and that granitic rocks are buried at shallow depths throughout the valley. These granitic rocks are faulted and fractured and presumably permeable, and thus may influence ground-water resources in this area. \r\n\r\nThe Smoke Creek Desert basin itself is composed of three large oval sub-basins, all of which reach depths to basement of up to about 2 km (1.2 mi). In the central and southern parts of the Smoke Creek Desert basin, magnetic anomalies form three separate and narrow EW-striking features. These features consist of high-amplitude short-wavelength magnetic anomalies and probably reflect Tertiary basalt buried at shallow depth. In the central part of the Smoke Creek Desert basin a prominent EW-striking gravity and magnetic prominence extends from the western margin of the basin to the central part of the basin. Along this ridge, probably composed of Tertiary basalt, overlying unconsolidated basin-fill deposits are relatively thin (< 400 m). \r\n\r\nThe central part of the Smoke Creek Desert basin is also characterized by the Mid-valley fault, a continuous geologic and geophysical feature striking NS and at least 18-km long, possibly connecting with faults mapped in the Terraced Hills and continuing southward to Pyramid Lake. The Mid-valley fault may represent a lateral (east-west) barrier to ground-water flow. In addition, the Mid-valley fault may also be a conduit for along-strike (north-south) ground-water flow, channeling flow to the southernmost parts of the basin and the discharge areas north of Sand Pass. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061176","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Glen, J., and Tilden, J.E., 2006, Geophysical Investigations of the Smoke Creek Desert and their Geologic Implications, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1176, ii, 25 p.; Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061176.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p.; Excel file","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1176/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":8778,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,40 ], [ -120.5,41 ], [ -119.25,41 ], [ -119.25,40 ], [ -120.5,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G.","contributorId":45756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilden, Janet E. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":20423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilden","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}