Late Neogene and younger deformation in Cook Inlet basin is caused by dextral transpression in the plate margin of south-central Alaska. Collision and subduction of the Yakutat microplate at the northeastern end of the Aleutian subduction zone is driving the accretionary complex of the Chugach and Kenai Mountains toward the Alaska Range on the opposite side of the basin. This deformation creates belts of fault-cored anticlines that are prolific traps of hydrocarbons and are also potential sources for damaging earthquakes. The faults dip steeply, extend into the Mesozoic basement beneath the Tertiary basin fill, and form conjugate flower structures at some localities. Comparing the geometry of the natural faults and folds with analog models created in a sandbox deformation apparatus suggests that some of the faults accommodate significant dextral as well as reverse-slip motion. We develop a tectonic model in which dextral shearing and horizontal shortening of the basin is driven by microplate collision with an additional component of thrust-type strain caused by plate subduction. This model predicts temporally fluctuating stress fields that are coupled to the recurrence intervals of large-magnitude subduction zone earthquakes. The maximum principal compressive stress is oriented east-southeast to east-northeast with nearly vertical least compressive stress when the basin's lithosphere is mostly decoupled from the underlying subduction megathrust. This stress tensor is compatible with principal stresses inferred from focal mechanisms of earthquakes that occur within the crust beneath Cook Inlet basin. Locking of the megathrust between great magnitude earthquakes may cause the maximum principal compressive stress to rotate toward the northwest. Moderate dipping faults that strike north to northeast may be optimally oriented for rupture in the ambient stress field, but steeply dipping faults within the cores of some anticlines are unfavorably oriented with respect to both modeled and observed stress fields, suggesting that elevated fluid pressure may be required to trigger fault rupture. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25672.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bruhn, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2006, Deformation driven by subduction and microplate collision: Geodynamics of Cook Inlet basin, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 3-4, p. 289-303, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25672.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25672.1"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe45e4b0c8380cd4ec24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruhn, R.L.","contributorId":46972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruhn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029147,"text":"70029147 - 2006 - Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70029147","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr","docAbstract":"The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish. In a small stream in eastern Canada, we studied the effects of an ephemeral beaver pond on the growth and maturity of age-2 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr tagged with passive integrated transponder tags. Water temperature remained relatively uniform throughout the study site. We found very little movement of recaptured fish in the study site. Fish that were recaptured in the beaver pond displayed faster summer growth rates in both length and mass than fish that were recaptured immediately above or below the pond. We also found that parr in the pond maintained relatively high condition factors, whereas fish above and below the pond appeared to decrease in condition factor throughout the summer. In addition to growth, the maturation rates of age-2 males were higher above the dam than below. This study demonstrates the effect a beaver dam can have on individual growth rates. By influencing growth during sensitive periods, the beaver pond may also influence individual life history pathways. This information could be an important component in ecosystem models that predict the effect of beaver population dynamics on the growth of individual salmonids at the landscape scale. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-159.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Sigourney, D.B., Letcher, B., and Cunjak, R., 2006, Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 1068-1075, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-159.1.","startPage":"1068","endPage":"1075","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-159.1"},{"id":237397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b12e4b0c8380cd621e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigourney, Douglas B.","contributorId":103068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigourney","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunjak, R.A.","contributorId":106442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunjak","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030492,"text":"70030492 - 2006 - The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T08:44:55","indexId":"70030492","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Lava flows into the sea at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, and generates an airborne gas and aerosol plume. Water (H2O), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) gases were quantified in the plume in 2004–2005, using Open Path Fourier Transform infra-red Spectroscopy. The molar abundances of these species and thermodynamic modelling are used to discuss their generation. The range in molar HCl / H2O confirms that HCl is generated when seawater is boiled dry and magnesium salts are hydrolysed (as proposed by [T.M. Gerlach, J.L. Krumhansl, R.O. Fournier, J. Kjargaard, Acid rain from the heating and evaporation of seawater by molten lava: a new volcanic hazard, EOS (Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.) 70 (1989) 1421–1422]), in contrast to models of Na-metasomatism. Airborne droplets of boiled seawater brine form nucleii for subsequent H2O and HCl condensation, which acidifies the droplets and liberates CO2 gas from bicarbonate and carbonate. NO2 is derived from the thermal decomposition of nitrates in coastal seawater, which takes place as the lava heats droplets of boiled seawater brine to 350–400 °C. SO2 is derived from the degassing of subaerial lava flows on the coastal plain. The calculated mass flux of HCl from a moderate-sized ocean entry significantly increases the total HCl emission at Kīlauea (including magmatic sources) and is comparable to industrial HCl emitters in the United States. For larger lava ocean entries, the flux of HCl will cause intense local environmental hazards, such as high localised HCl concentrations and acid rain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.005","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Edmonds, M., and Gerlach, T., 2006, The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 244, no. 1-2, p. 83-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.005"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.95975494384763,\n 19.363623938901235\n ],\n [\n -155.0054168701172,\n 19.352934818067496\n ],\n [\n -155.0328826904297,\n 19.393744053468748\n ],\n [\n -155.05794525146484,\n 19.405078137486008\n ],\n [\n -155.0658416748047,\n 19.39860161472401\n ],\n [\n -155.07751464843747,\n 19.41900178811697\n ],\n [\n -155.0988006591797,\n 19.4144686374295\n ],\n [\n -155.12386322021484,\n 19.39082944712291\n ],\n [\n -155.1214599609375,\n 19.35520226587889\n ],\n [\n -155.09159088134766,\n 19.316651368812714\n ],\n [\n -155.09742736816406,\n 19.30466310133747\n ],\n [\n -155.09193420410153,\n 19.29591435155762\n ],\n [\n -155.0497055053711,\n 19.3134113831997\n ],\n [\n -154.97314453125,\n 19.348723759944885\n ],\n [\n -154.95975494384763,\n 19.363623938901235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"244","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9b3e4b08c986b322448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030494,"text":"70030494 - 2006 - Quantitative methods to direct exploration based on hydrogeologic information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030494","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2340,"text":"Journal of Hydroinformatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative methods to direct exploration based on hydrogeologic information","docAbstract":"Quantitatively Directed Exploration (QDE) approaches based on information such as model sensitivity, input data covariance and model output covariance are presented. Seven approaches for directing exploration are developed, applied, and evaluated on a synthetic hydrogeologic site. The QDE approaches evaluate input information uncertainty, subsurface model sensitivity and, most importantly, output covariance to identify the next location to sample. Spatial input parameter values and covariances are calculated with the multivariate conditional probability calculation from a limited number of samples. A variogram structure is used during data extrapolation to describe the spatial continuity, or correlation, of subsurface information. Model sensitivity can be determined by perturbing input data and evaluating output response or, as in this work, sensitivities can be programmed directly into an analysis model. Output covariance is calculated by the First-Order Second Moment (FOSM) method, which combines the covariance of input information with model sensitivity. A groundwater flow example, modeled in MODFLOW-2000, is chosen to demonstrate the seven QDE approaches. MODFLOW-2000 is used to obtain the piezometric head and the model sensitivity simultaneously. The seven QDE approaches are evaluated based on the accuracy of the modeled piezometric head after information from a QDE sample is added. For the synthetic site used in this study, the QDE approach that identifies the location of hydraulic conductivity that contributes the most to the overall piezometric head variance proved to be the best method to quantitatively direct exploration. ?? IWA Publishing 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydroinformatics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2166/hydro.2006.006","issn":"14647141","usgsCitation":"Graettinger, A., Lee, J., Reeves, H.W., and Dethan, D., 2006, Quantitative methods to direct exploration based on hydrogeologic information: Journal of Hydroinformatics, v. 8, no. 2, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2006.006.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477450,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2006.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211927,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2006.006"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9220e4b0c8380cd8068e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graettinger, A.J.","contributorId":105884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graettinger","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, H. W.","contributorId":53739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dethan, D.","contributorId":99740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194214,"text":"70194214 - 2006 - Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:49:19","indexId":"70194214","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3876,"text":"International Journal of River Basin Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"Integration of biological and physical concepts is necessary to understand and conserve the ecological integrity of river systems. Past attempts at integration have often focused at relatively small scales and on mechanistic models that may not capture the complexity of natural systems leaving substantial uncertainty about ecological responses to management actions. Two solutions have been proposed to guide management in the face of that uncertainty: the use of “natural variability” in key environmental patterns, processes, or disturbance as a reference; and the retention of some areas as essentially unmanaged reserves to conserve and represent as much biological diversity as possible. Both concepts are scale dependent because dominant processes or patterns that might be referenced will change with scale. Context and linkages across scales may be as important in structuring biological systems as conditions within habitats used by individual organisms. Both ideas view the physical environment as a template for expression, maintenance, and evolution of ecological diversity. To conserve or restore a diverse physical template it will be important to recognize the ecologically important differences in physical characteristics and processes among streams or watersheds that we might attempt to mimic in management or represent in conservation or restoration reserves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15715124.2006.9635279","usgsCitation":"Rieman, B., Dunham, J.B., and Clayton, J., 2006, Emerging concepts for management of river ecosystems and challenges to applied integration of physical and biological sciences in the Pacific Northwest, USA: International Journal of River Basin Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635279.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142de4b06e28e9c2587c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rieman, Bruce","contributorId":101140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, James","contributorId":92879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clayton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030301,"text":"70030301 - 2006 - An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps","docAbstract":"Ground-motion attenuation relations have an important impact on seismic hazard analyses. Ground-motion modeling is particularly sensitive to assumptions about wave-propagation attenuation (crustal Q and geometrical spreading), as well as source and site conditions. Studies of path attenuation from earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) provide insights into the appropriateness of specific attenuation relations. An Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (2003, 2004) study combines published ENA ground-motion attenuation relations into four model forms: single-corner, double-corner, hybrid-empirical, and finite-fault. When substituted in the U.S. Geological Survey 2002 national seismic hazard maps for the five ENA relations originally used in those hazard calculations, the EPRI (2003) relations predict similar ground motions and hazard at short periods (<0.5 sec) and significantly lower ground motions (20%-50%) at longer periods (>0.5 sec), relative to the 2002 national maps. A major reason for this difference is due to the crustal seismic-wave attenuation model assumed in a few of the ENA relations combined into the EPRI (2003, 2004) models. Although appropriate differences in geometrical spreading models among ENA relations can also be significant, a few ENA relations have 1-Hz Q-values (Q0) that are below the EPRI (1993) consensus range for Q0 when coupled with a geometrical spreading of R-0.5. The EPRI (2003, 2004) single-corner relation is strongly influenced by the inclusion of ENA relations with assumed Q0 below the EPRI (1993) range, which explains much of the discrepancy in predictions at longer periods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050079","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2006, An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 3, p. 1159-1169, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050079.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050079"},{"id":239091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea19e4b0c8380cd48627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.","contributorId":102254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029027,"text":"70029027 - 2006 - Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:41:51","indexId":"70029027","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences","docAbstract":"We consider the statistical modeling of the occurrence in time of large Kp magnetic storms as a Poisson process, testing whether or not relatively rare, large Kp events can be considered to arise from a stochastic, sequential, and memoryless process. For a Poisson process, the wait times between successive events occur statistically with an exponential density function. Fitting an exponential function to the durations between successive large Kp events forms the basis of our analysis. Defining these wait times by calculating the differences between times when Kp exceeds a certain value, such as Kp ??? 5, we find the wait-time distribution is not exponential. Because large storms often have several periods with large Kp values, their occurrence in time is not memoryless; short duration wait times are not independent of each other and are often clumped together in time. If we remove same-storm large Kp occurrences, the resulting wait times are very nearly exponentially distributed and the storm arrival process can be characterized as Poisson. Fittings are performed on wait time data for Kp ??? 5, 6, 7, and 8. The mean wait times between storms exceeding such Kp thresholds are 7.12, 16.55, 42.22, and 121.40 days respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026687","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Remick, K., and Love, J.J., 2006, Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, Article L16102; 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026687.","productDescription":"Article L16102; 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477533,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026687","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026687"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9734e4b08c986b31b946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remick, K.J.","contributorId":78139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remick","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030682,"text":"70030682 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","docAbstract":"We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 A??, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency ?? of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 ?? 10-19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 ?? 10-5 m-1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 ?? 10-11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10-21 to 10-20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Garavito, A., Kooi, H., and Neuzil, C., 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 481-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004.","startPage":"481","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004"},{"id":239532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f4e4b0c8380cd73aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garavito, A.M.","contributorId":68108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garavito","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028939,"text":"70028939 - 2006 - Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T11:27:53","indexId":"70028939","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","docAbstract":"The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions ranging from 3·5 to 4·5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude-supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude-supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream-migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net-erosional or net-depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream-migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Fildani, A., Normark, W.R., Kostic, S., and Parker, G., 2006, Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1265-1287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1287","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x"},{"id":236763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f453e4b0c8380cd4bc84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fildani, A.","contributorId":34699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fildani","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kostic, S.","contributorId":98524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030308,"text":"70030308 - 2006 - Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030308","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A multi-year study was conducted on a shallow fringing reef flat on Molokai, Hawaii to determine the temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of terrigenous suspended sediment. During this study, trade-wind conditions existed for the majority of the year on the reef flat. The trade-wind conditions produced strong currents and resuspended moderate amounts of sediment on the reef flat on a daily basis during the year of study, resulting in an overwhelming contribution to the total sediment flux. The magnitude and direction of the trade winds relative to the orientation of the coastline, the shallow-relief and broad morphology, and tidal elevation, provided the primary control of the physical processes that resuspended and transported sediment on the reef flat over the period of record. Spatial data indicate that much of the terrigenous sediment resuspended on the reef flat is transported predominantly alongshore and is confined to the inner- to mid-reef flat. Evidence for the limited across-shore mixing and transport is provided by the dominantly alongshore wind-driven currents during trade-wind conditions and the well-defined across-shore gradient in percentage calcium carbonate of the suspended sediment. Regions of slightly offshore suspended-sediment transport along the reef flat can be attributed to the circulation pattern set up by the interaction between the trade winds, coastal morphology, and anthropogenic coastal structures (i.e., fish ponds and wharf). The regions in which sediment were seen to move offshore provide the strongest link between the sediment dynamics on reef flat and fore reef, and qualitatively appears to be correlated with low coral coverage on the fore reef. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Ogston, A., Storlazzi, C., and Field, M., 2006, Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 67-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015.","startPage":"67","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f5e4b08c986b3206d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030312,"text":"70030312 - 2006 - KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","docAbstract":"Slug and pumping tests (hydraulic tests) are frequently used by hydrogeologists to obtain in-situ estimates of the transmissive and storage properties of a formation (Streltsova, 1988; Kruseman and de Ridder, 1990; Butler, 1998). In aquifers of high hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic tests are affected by mechanisms that are not considered in the analysis of tests in less permeable media (Bredehoeft et al., 1966). Inertia-induced oscillations in hydraulic head are the most common manifestation of such mechanisms. Over the last three decades, a number of analytical solutions that incorporate these mechanisms have been developed for the analysis of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers (see Butler and Zhan (2004) for a review of this previous work). These solutions, however, are restricted to a subset of the conditions commonly encountered in the field. Recently, a more general solution has been developed that builds on this previous work to remove many of the limitations imposed by these earlier approaches (Butler and Zhan, 2004). The purpose of this note is to present a Fortran 90 program, KGS-HighK, for the evaluation of this new solution. This note begins with a brief overview of the conceptual model that motivated the development of the solution of Butler and Zhan (2004) for pumping- and slug-induced flow to/from a central well. The major steps in the derivation of that solution are described, but no details are given. Instead, a Mathematica notebook is provided for those interested in the derivation details. The key algorithms used in KGS-HighK are then described and the program structure is briefly outlined. A field example is provided to demonstrate program performance. The note concludes with a short summary section. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., and Butler, J., 2006, KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 5, p. 704-707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003.","startPage":"704","endPage":"707","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.003"},{"id":239264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a404de4b0c8380cd64c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016484,"text":"1016484 - 2006 - Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016484","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley","docAbstract":"While it is widely understood that local abundance of benthic invertebrates can greatly influence the distribution and abundance of wetland birds, no studies have examined if wetland landscape context can mediate this relationship. We studied the influence of wetland food abundance and landscape context on use of agricultural wetlands by wintering dunlin (Calidris alpina) and killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA, over two winters (1999a??2000, 2000a??2001) of differing rainfall and subsequent habitat distribution. We monitored bird use (frequency of occurrence and abundance) at a sample of wetlands differing in local food abundance (density and biomass) and landscape context [adjacent shorebird habitat (defined as ha of wet habitat with less than 50% vegetative cover and within a 2-km radius) and nearest neighbor distance]. We evaluated predictive models for bird use using linear regression and the Cp criterion to select the most parsimonious model. During the dry winter (2000a??2001), dunlin exhibited greater use of sites with higher invertebrate density and biomass but also with more adjacent shorebird habitat and closest to a wetland neighbor. However, neither landscape context nor food abundance were important predictors of dunlin use during the wet winter (1999a??2000). Use of sites by killdeer was unrelated to either local food abundance or landscape context measures during both winters. Our findings contribute to a growing recognition of the importance of landscape structure to wetland birds and highlight a number of implications for the spatial planning and enhancement of wetlands using a landscape approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Taft, O.W., and Haig, S.M., 2006, Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley: Biological Conservation, v. 128, no. 3, p. 298-307.","productDescription":"p. 298-307","startPage":"298","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abaa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taft, Oriane W.","contributorId":34883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Oriane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016399,"text":"1016399 - 2006 - Importance of wetland landscape structure to shorebirds wintering in an agricultural valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016399","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of wetland landscape structure to shorebirds wintering in an agricultural valley","docAbstract":"Only recently has the influence of landscape structure on habitat use been a research focus in wetland systems. During non-breeding periods when food can be locally limited, wetland spatial pattern across a landscape may be of great importance in determining wetland use. We studied the influence of landscape structure on abundances of wintering Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) observed on wetlands in the agricultural Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA, during two winters (1999a??2000, 2000a??2001) of differing rainfall. We examined (1) shorebird use within a sample of 100 km2 regions differing in landscape structure (hectares of shorebird habitat [wet, unvegetated]) and (2) use of sites differing in landscape context (area of shorebird habitat within a species-defined radius). For use of sites, we also assessed the influence of two local characteristics: percent of soil exposed and area of wet habitat. We analyzed data using linear regression and information-theoretic modeling. During the dry winter (2000a??2001), Dunlin were attracted to regions with more wetland habitat and their abundances at sites increased with greater area of shorebird habitat within both the site and the surrounding landscape. In contrast, Dunlin abundances at sites were related to availability of habitat at only a local scale during the wet winter (1999a??2000). Regional habitat availability was of little importance in predicting Killdeer distributions, and Killdeer site use appeared unrelated to habitat distributions at both landscape and local scales. Results suggest prioritizing sites for conservation that are located in areas with high wetland coverage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Taft, O.W., and Haig, S.M., 2006, Importance of wetland landscape structure to shorebirds wintering in an agricultural valley: Landscape Ecology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 169-184.","productDescription":"p. 169-184","startPage":"169","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5fdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taft, Oriane W.","contributorId":34883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Oriane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016485,"text":"1016485 - 2006 - Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:51","indexId":"1016485","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques","docAbstract":"Conservation-oriented studies of Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus) have been hindered by a lack of basic natural history information, despite the status of the Guam subspecies (T. c. cinnamominus) as one of the most endangered species in the world. We used tissue samples and morphometric measures from museum specimens and wild-captured Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (T. c. reichenbachii) to develop methods for sex determination. We present a modified molecular protocol and a discriminant function that yields the probability that a particular individual is male or female. Our results revealed that females were significantly larger than males, and the discriminant function correctly predicted sex in 73% (30/41) of the individuals. The sex of 86% (18/21) of individuals was correctly assigned when a moderate reliability threshold was set. Sex determination using molecular genetic techniques was more reliable than methods based on morphology. Our results will facilitate recovery efforts for the critically endangered Guam Micronesian Kingfisher and provide a basis for sex determination in the 11 other endangered congeners in the Pacific Basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., Lopes, I., and Haig, S.M., 2006, Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 77, no. 2, p. 229-232.","productDescription":"p. 229-232","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4ad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopes, I.F.","contributorId":85558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"I.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016487,"text":"1016487 - 2006 - Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1016487","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival","docAbstract":"From 1999-2002, we attached satellite-received platform transmitter terminals (PTTs) to 40 adult female prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) on their nesting grounds in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) in southwest Idaho. We used 3 variations of a backpack harness design that had been used previously on raptors. Each radiomarked falcon also received a color leg band with a unique alphanumeric code. We monitored survival of birds using radiotelemetry and searched for marked birds on their nesting grounds during breeding seasons after marking. Because 6 falcons removed their harnesses during the first year, we were able to compare survival rates of birds that shed PTTs with those that retained them. We describe a harness design that failed prematurely as well as designs that proved successful for long-term PTT attachment. We resighted 21 marked individuals on nesting areas 1-5 years after they were radiomarked and documented 13 mortalities of satellite-tracked falcons. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate apparent survival probability based on band resighting and telemetry data. Platform transmitter terminals had no short-term effects on falcons or their nesting success during the nesting season they were marked, but birds that shed their transmitters increased their probability of survival. Estimated annual survival for birds that shed their transmitters was 87% compared to 49% for birds wearing transmitters. We discuss possible reasons for differences in apparent survival rates and offer recommendations for future marking of falcons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bates, K.K., Fuller, M.R., Kochert, M.N., McKinley, J., and Lukacs, P.M., 2006, Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 1, p. 116-126.","productDescription":"p. 116-126","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, Kirk K.","contributorId":43723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKinley, J.O.","contributorId":62182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028335,"text":"70028335 - 2006 - Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T09:50:04","indexId":"70028335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","docAbstract":"Ecologists increasingly recognize that birds can respond to features well beyond their normal areas of activity, but little is known about the relative importance of landscapes and proximate factors or about the scales of landscapes that influence bird distributions. We examined the influences of tree cover at both proximate and landscape scales on grassland birds, a group of birds of high conservation concern, in the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota, USA. The Grassland contains a diverse array of grassland and woodland habitats. We surveyed breeding birds on 2015 100 m long transect segments during 2002 and 2003. We modeled the occurrence of 19 species in relation to habitat features (percentages of grassland, woodland, shrubland, and wetland) within each 100-m segment and to tree cover within 200-1600 m of the segment. We used information-theoretic statistical methods to compare models and variables. At the proximate scales, tree cover was the most important variable, having negative influences on 13 species and positive influences on two species. In a comparison of multiple scales, models with only proximate variables were adequate for some species, but models combining proximate with landscape information were best for 17 of 19 species. Landscape-only models were rarely competitive. Combined models at the largest scales (800-1600 m) were best for 12 of 19 species. Seven species had best models including 1600-m landscapes plus proximate factors in at least one year. These were Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Bobolink (Dolychonix oryzivorus), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). These seven are small-bodied species; thus larger-bodied species do not necessarily respond most to the largest landscapes. Our findings suggest that birds respond to habitat features at a variety of scales. Models with only landscape-scale tree cover were rarely competitive, indicating that broad-scale modeling alone, such as that based solely on remotely sensed data, is likely to be inadequate in explaining species distributions. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, M., and Johnson, D.H., 2006, Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 3, p. 1062-1075.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.29761098988109\n ],\n [\n -97.0697021484375,\n 46.29761098988109\n ],\n [\n -97.0697021484375,\n 46.581518465658014\n ],\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.581518465658014\n ],\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.29761098988109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb6e4b0c8380cd7f904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, M.A.","contributorId":24552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028710,"text":"70028710 - 2006 - Cross-calibration of A.M. constellation sensors for long term monitoring of land surface processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:32:10.299664","indexId":"70028710","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cross-calibration of A.M. constellation sensors for long term monitoring of land surface processes","docAbstract":"Data from multiple sensors must be used together to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products derived from different sensors (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can be compared to one another is vastly improved if their relative spectro-radiometric responses are known. Most often, sensors are directly calibrated to diffuse solar irradiation or vicariously to ground targets. However, space-based targets are not traceable to metrological standards, and vicarious calibrations are expensive and provide a poor sampling of a sensor's full dynamic range. Cross-calibration of two sensors can augment these methods if certain conditions can be met: (1) the spectral responses are similar, (2) the observations are reasonably concurrent (similar atmospheric & solar illumination conditions), (3) errors due to misregistrations of inhomogeneous surfaces can be minimized (including scale differences), and (4) the viewing geometry is similar (or, some reasonable knowledge of surface bi-directional reflectance distribution functions is available). This study extends on a previous study of Terra/MODIS and Landsat/ETM+ cross calibration by including the Terra/ASTER and EO-1/ALI sensors, exploring the impacts of cross-calibrating sensors when conditions described above are met to some degree but not perfectly. Measures for spectral response differences and methods for cross calibrating such sensors are provided in this study. These instruments are cross calibrated using the Railroad Valley playa in Nevada. Best fit linear coefficients (slope and offset) are provided for ALI-to-MODIS and ETM+-to-MODIS cross calibrations, and root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients are provided to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships. Due to problems with direct calibration of ASTER data, linear fits were developed between ASTER and ETM+ to assess the impacts of spectral bandpass differences between the two systems. In theory, the linear fits and uncertainties can be used to compare radiance and reflectance products derived from each instrument.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications","conferenceDate":"November 13-16, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Goa, India","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.694127","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D., and Chander, G., 2006, Cross-calibration of A.M. constellation sensors for long term monitoring of land surface processes, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6405, Goa, India, November 13-16, 2006, 64050Z, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.694127.","productDescription":"64050Z","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc0e4b0c8380cd4e3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D.","contributorId":31131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028803,"text":"70028803 - 2006 - Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028803","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach","docAbstract":"Within the surf zone, the energy expended by wave breaking is strongly influenced by nearshore bathymetry, which is often linked to the character and abundance of local sediments. Based upon a continuous, two year record of Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) data on the north shore of Kachemak Bay in southcentral Alaska, we model the enhancement of wave energy dissipation by the presence of intertidal sand waves. Comparison of model results from simulations in the presence and absence of sand waves illustrates that these ephemeral morphological features can offer significant protection to the backing beach and sea cliff through two mechanisms: (1) by moving the locus of wave breaking seaward and (2) by increasing energy expenditure associated with the turbulence of wave breaking. Copyright ASCE 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceTitle":"5th Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceDate":"4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40855(214)18","isbn":"0784408556; 9780784408551","usgsCitation":"Adams, P., and Ruggiero, P., 2006, Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach, in Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference, Barcelona, 4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)18.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)18"},{"id":236788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf90e4b08c986b32e98f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, P.","contributorId":39570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028788,"text":"70028788 - 2006 - A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:47:27","indexId":"70028788","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos","docAbstract":"The results of geodetic monitoring since 2002 at Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos Islands show that the filling and pressurization of an ∼2-km-deep sill eventually led to an eruption that began on 22 October 2005. Continuous global positioning system (CGPS) monitoring measured >2 m of accelerating inflation leading up to the eruption and contributed to nearly 5 m of total uplift since 1992, the largest precursory inflation ever recorded at a basaltic caldera. This extraordinary uplift was accommodated in part by repeated trapdoor faulting, and coseismic CGPS data provide strong constraints for improved deformation models. These results highlight the feedbacks between inflation, faulting, and eruption at a basaltic volcano, and demonstrate that faulting above an intruding magma body can relieve accumulated strain and effectively postpone eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22826A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W.W., Geist, D.J., Jonsson, S., Poland, M., Johnson, D., and Meertens, C.M., 2006, A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos: Geology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1025-1028, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22826A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1028","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","state":"Galapagos","otherGeospatial":"Sierre Negra volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.22772216796875,\n -0.9063342699592115\n ],\n [\n -91.22772216796875,\n -0.7305710228984912\n ],\n [\n -91.00799560546875,\n -0.7305710228984912\n ],\n [\n -91.00799560546875,\n -0.9063342699592115\n ],\n [\n -91.22772216796875,\n -0.9063342699592115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e612e4b0c8380cd4714b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, William W.","contributorId":77042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Dennis J.","contributorId":47145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jonsson, Sigurjon","contributorId":72123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Sigurjon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Daniel J.","contributorId":71970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meertens, Charles M.","contributorId":43153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190528,"text":"70190528 - 2006 - Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:46:14","indexId":"70190528","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest","docAbstract":"Over the last century, fire exclusion in the forests of the Sierra Nevada has allowed surface fuels to accumulate and has led to increased tree density. Stand composition has also been altered as shade tolerant tree species crowd out shade intolerant species. To restore forest structure and reduce the risk of large, intense fires, managers have increasingly used prescription burning. Most fires prior to EuroAmerican settlement occurred during the late summer and early fall and most prescribed burning has taken place during the latter part of this period. Poor air quality and lack of suitable burn windows during the fall, however, have resulted in a need to conduct more prescription burning earlier in the season. Previous reports have suggested that burning during the time when trees are actively growing may increase mortality rates due to fine root damage and/or bark beetle activity. This study examines the effects of fire on tree mortality and bark beetle attacks under prescription burning during early and late season. Replicated early season burn, late season burn and unburned control plots were established in an old-growth mixed conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada that had not experienced a fire in over 120 years. Although prescribed burns resulted in significant mortality of particularly the smallest tree size classes, no difference between early and late season burns was detected. Direct mortality due to fire was associated with fire intensity. Secondary mortality due to bark beetles was not significantly correlated with fire intensity. The probability of bark beetle attack on pines did not differ between early and late season burns, while the probability of bark beetle attack on firs was greater following early season burns. Overall tree mortality appeared to be primarily the result of fire intensity rather than tree phenology at the time of the burns. Early season burns are generally conducted under higher fuel moisture conditions, leading to less fuel consumption and potentially less injury to trees. This reduction in fire severity may compensate for relatively modest increases in bark beetle attack probabilities on some tree species, ultimately resulting in a forest structure that differs little between early and late season prescribed burning treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D.W., Knapp, E.E., Ferrenberg, S., Keeley, J.E., and Caprio, A., 2006, Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 232, no. 1-3, p. 36-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"232","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10937e4b020cdf7d8da12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, Dylan W.","contributorId":103883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott 0000-0002-3542-0334 sferrenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334","contributorId":147684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"sferrenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caprio, Anthony C.","contributorId":35863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caprio","given":"Anthony C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028048,"text":"70028048 - 2006 - Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028048","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003","docAbstract":"We analyzed demographic data from northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 14 study areas in Washington, Oregon, and California for 1985-2003. The purpose of our analyses was to provide an assessment of the status and trends of northern spotted owl populations throughout most of their geographic range. The 14 study areas made up approximately 12% of the range of the subspecies and included federal, tribal, private, and mixed federal and private lands. The study areas also included all the major forest types that the subspecies inhabits. The analyses followed rigorous protocols that were developed a priori and were the result of extensive discussions and consensus among the authors. Our primary objectives were to estimate fecundity, apparent survival (??), and annual rate of population change (??) and to determine if there were any temporal trends in these population parameters. In addition to analyses of data from individual study areas, we conducted 2 meta-analyses on each demographic parameter. One meta-analysis was conducted on all 14 areas, and the other was restricted to the 8 areas that constituted the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan for northern spotted owls under the Northwest Forest Plan. The average number of years of reproductive data per study area was 14 (range = 5-19), and the average number of recapture occasions per study area was 13 (range = 4-18). Only 1 study area had <12 years of data. Our results were based on 32,054 captures and resightings of 11,432 banded individuals for estimation of survival and 10,902 instances in which we documented the number of young produced by territorial females. The number of young fledged (NYF) per territorial female was analyzed by testing a suite of a priori models that included (1) effects of age, (2) linear or quadratic time trends, (3) presence of barred owls (Strix varia) in spotted owl territories, and (4) an even-odd year effect. The NYF varied among years on most study areas with a biennial cycle of high reproduction in even-numbered years and low reproduction in odd-numbered years. These cyclic fluctuations did not occur on all study areas, and the even-odd year effect waned during the last 5 years of the study. Fecundity was highest for adults (x??=0.372, SE=0.029), lower for 2-year-olds (x??=0.208, SE=0.032), and very low for 1-year-olds (x??=0.074, SE = 0.029). Fecundity was stable over time for 6 areas (Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Klamath, and Marin), declining for 6 areas (Wenatchee, Cle Elum, Oregon Coast Range, Southern Oregon Cascades, Northwest California, and Simpson), and slightly increasing for 2 areas (Tyee, Hoopa). We found little association between NYF and the proportion of northern spotted owl territories where barred owls were detected, although results were suggestive of a negative effect of barred owls on the Wenatchee and Olympic study areas. The meta-analysis on fecundity indicated substantial annual variability with no increasing or decreasing trends. Fecundity was highest in the mixed-conifer region of eastern Washington (x??=0.560, SE=0.041) and lowest in the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) region of the Oregon coast (x??=0.306, SE=0.039). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models and Program MARK to estimate apparent survival rates of owls >1 year old. We found no differences in apparent survival rates between sexes except for 1 area (Marin), which had only 6 years of data. Estimates of apparent survival from individual study areas indicated that there were differences among age classes with adults generally having higher survival than 1- and 2-year-olds. Apparent survival rates ranged from 0.750 (SE=0.026) to 0.886 (SE=0.010) for adults, 0.626 (SE=0.073) to 0.886 (SE=0.010) for 2-year-olds, and 0.415 (SE=0.111) to 0.860 (SE=0.017) for 1-year-olds. These estimates were comparable to survival rates from previous studies on the subspecies. We found evidence for negative time trends in survival rate","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., Forsman, E., Franklin, A., Anderson, D., Burnham, K., White, G.C., Schwarz, C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Olson, G., Ackers, S., Andrews, L., Biswell, B., Carlson, P., Diller, L., Dugger, K., Fehring, K., Fleming, T., Gerhardt, R., Gremel, S., Gutierrez, R.J., Happe, P., Herter, D., Higley, J., Horn, R., Irwin, L., Loschl, P., Reid, J., and Sovern, S., 2006, Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003: Wildlife Monographs, no. 163, p. 1-48.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"163","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9795e4b08c986b31bb4b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krausman, P.R.","contributorId":35525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"P.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508910,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary 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K.E.","contributorId":62010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fehring","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Fleming, T.L.","contributorId":107008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gerhardt, R.P.","contributorId":54394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhardt","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gremel, S.A.","contributorId":104272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gremel","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. 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We used 3 variations of a backpack harness design that had been used previously on raptors. Each radiomarked falcon also received a color leg band with a unique alphanumeric code. We monitored survival of birds using radiotelemetry and searched for marked birds on their nesting grounds during breeding seasons after marking. Because 6 falcons removed their harnesses during the first year, we were able to compare survival rates of birds that shed PTTs with those that retained them. We describe a harness design that failed prematurely as well as designs that proved successful for long-term PTT attachment. We resighted 21 marked individuals on nesting areas 1–5 years after they were radiomarked and documented 13 mortalities of satellite-tracked falcons. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate apparent survival probability based on band resighting and telemetry data. Platform transmitter terminals had no short-term effects on falcons or their nesting success during the nesting season they were marked, but birds that shed their transmitters increased their probability of survival. Estimated annual survival for birds that shed their transmitters was 87% compared to 49% for birds wearing transmitters. We discuss possible reasons for differences in apparent survival rates and offer recommendations for future marking of falcons.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[116:EOROPF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bates, K.K., Fuller, M.R., Kochert, M.N., McKinley, J.O., and Lukacs, P., 2006, Effects of radiomarking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 1, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[116:EOROPF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 42.79741601927622\n ],\n [\n -115.36193847656249,\n 42.79741601927622\n ],\n [\n -115.36193847656249,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 42.79741601927622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142de4b06e28e9c2587a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, Kirk K.","contributorId":43723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKinley, James O.","contributorId":176823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":43285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028055,"text":"70028055 - 2006 - Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T13:11:26","indexId":"70028055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-Ca-Cl–type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) at near saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5–5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100–3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30–1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and CH4. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower but for the buffering by dissolution of carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. This rapid dissolution of carbonate and other minerals could ultimately create pathways in the rock seals or well cements for CO2 and brine leakage. Dissolution of minerals, especially iron oxyhydroxides, could mobilize toxic trace metals and, where residual oil or suitable organics are present, the injected CO2 could also mobilize toxic organic compounds. Environmental impacts could be major if large brine volumes with mobilized toxic metals and organics migrated into potable groundwater. The δ18O values for brine and CO2 samples indicate that supercritical CO2 comprises ∼50% of pore-fluid volume ∼6 mo after the end of injection. Postinjection sampling, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicates that the brine gradually will return to its preinjection composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22357.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Cole, D.R., Hovorka, S.D., Gunter, W., Knauss, K.G., and Freifeild, B.M., 2006, Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins: Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22357.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e0e4b0c8380cd54be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunter, W.D.","contributorId":14018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Freifeild, Barry M.","contributorId":42444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freifeild","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029465,"text":"70029465 - 2006 - Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 1. Regular sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029465","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 1. Regular sequences","docAbstract":"Small-scale topographic features are commonly found on the boundaries of natural rivers, streams, and floodplains. A simple method for determining the form drag on these features is presented, and the results of this model are compared to laboratory measurements. The roughness elements are modeled as Gaussian-shaped features defined in terms of three parameters: a protrusion height, H; a streamwise length scale, ??; and a spacing between crests, ??. 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Using detailed bathymetry along the northern edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico, we show that the cumulative distribution of slope failure volumes follows a power-law distribution. The power-law exponent of this distribution is similar to those for rock falls on land, commensurate with their interpreted failure mode. The carbonate volume distribution and its associated volume-area relationship are significantly different from those for clay-rich debris lobes in the Storegga slide, Norway. Coupling this relationship with tsunami simulations allows an estimate of the maximum tsunami runup and the maximum number of potentially damaging tsunamis from landslides to the north shore of Puerto Rico. 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