Intersex, or the presence of characteristics of both sexes, in fishes that are normally gonochoristic has been used as an indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. In 2003, during health assessments conducted in response to kills and a high prevalence of skin lesions observed in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the South Branch of the Potomac River, the presence of immature oocytes within testes was noted. To evaluate this condition, a severity index (0-4) was developed based on the distribution of oocytes within the testes. Using gonad samples collected from 2003 to 2005, the number of histologic sections needed to accurately detect the condition in mature smallmouth bass was statistically evaluated. The reliability of detection depended on the severity index and the number of sections examined. Examining five transverse sections taken along the length of the gonad resulted in a greater than 90% probability of detecting testicular oocytes when the severity index exceeded 0.5. Using the severity index we compared smallmouth bass collected at selected sites within the South Branch during three seasons in 2004. Seasonal differences in severity and prevalence were observed. The highest prevalence and severity were consistently noted during the prespawn-spawning season, when compared with the postspawn season. In 2005, smallmouth bass were collected at selected out-of-basin sites in West Virginia where fish kills and external skin lesions have not been reported, as well as at sites in the Shenandoah River, Virginia (part of the Potomac drainage), where kills and lesions occurred in 2004-2005. The prevalence of testicular oocytes is discussed in terms of human population and agricultural intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/H07-031.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Iwanowicz, D.D., Smith, D.R., Young, J.A., Hedrick, J., Foster, S., and Reeser, S., 2007, Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 19, no. 4, p. 242-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-031.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 38.052416771864834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da7e4b0c8380cd63722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":150383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R. ","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, J.D.","contributorId":105511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foster, S.W.","contributorId":36753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reeser, S.J.","contributorId":9460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeser","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":79240,"text":"ofr20061286 - 2006 - Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:34:22.987429","indexId":"ofr20061286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1286","title":"Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of non-irrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring ground water at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the chemical effects of biosolids applications. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study included biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock ground water, and stream bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This presentation will only address biosolids, soil, and crops. More information about these and the other monitoring components are presented in the literature (e.g., Yager and others, 2004a, b, c, d) and at the USGS Web site for the Deer Trail area studies at http://co.water.usgs.gov/projects/CO406/CO406.html. Priority parameters identified by the stakeholders for all monitoring components, included the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity, regulated by Colorado for biosolids to be used as an agricultural soil amendment. Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for ground water and sediment components.\r\n\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied. Where sufficient samples could be collected, statistical methods were used to evaluate effects. Rigorous quality assurance was included in all aspects of the study. The roles of hydrology and geology also were considered in the design, data collection, and interpretation phases of the study.\r\n\r\nStudy results indicate that the chemistry of the biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2005, and total concentrations of regulated trace elements were consistently lower than the regulatory limits. Plutonium isotopes were not detected in the biosolids. Leach tests using deionized water to simulate natural precipitation indicate arsenic, molybdenum, and nickel were the most soluble priority parameters in the biosolids.\r\n\r\nStudy results show no significant difference in concentrations of priority parameters between biosolids-applied soils and unamended soils where no biosolids were applied. However, biosolids were applied only twice during 1999-2003. The next soil sampling is not scheduled until 2010. To date concentrations of most of the priority parameters were not much greater in the biosolids than in natural soil from the sites. Therefore, many more biosolids applications would need to occur before biosolids effects on the soil priority constituents can be quantified. Leach tests using deionized water to simulate precipitation indicate that molybdenum and selenium were the priority parameters that were most soluble in both biosolids-applied soil and natural or unamended soil.\r\n\r\nStudy results do not indicate significant differences in concentrations of priority parameters between crops grown in biosolids-applied areas and crops grown where no biosolids were applied. However, crops were grown only twice during 1999-2003, so only two crop samples could be collected. The wheat-grain elemental data collected during 1999-2003 for both biosolids-applied areas and unamended areas are similar","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061286","usgsCitation":"Crock, J.G., Smith, D., and Yager, T., 2006, Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1286, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061286.","productDescription":"65 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-07","temporalEnd":"2006-08-09","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028293,"text":"70028293 - 2006 - Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","docAbstract":"Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Diawara, D., Litt, J., Unis, D., Alfonso, N., Martinez, L., Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Carsella, J., 2006, Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 4, p. 297-315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6.","startPage":"297","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6"},{"id":237062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed98e4b0c8380cd498d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diawara, D.M.","contributorId":64439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diawara","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, J.S.","contributorId":46296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unis, D.","contributorId":23329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alfonso, N.","contributorId":77350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfonso","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez, L.A.","contributorId":38764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carsella, J.","contributorId":68529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carsella","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030285,"text":"70030285 - 2006 - Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","docAbstract":"The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, ???55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic region. Here we identify the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum in a marine sedimentary sequence obtained during the Arctic Coring Expedition. We show that sea surface temperatures near the North Pole increased from ???18??C to over 23??C during this event. Such warm values imply the absence of ice and thus exclude the influence of ice-albedo feedbacks on this Arctic warming. At the same time, sea level rose while anoxic and euxinic conditions developed in the ocean's bottom waters and photic zone, respectively. Increasing temperature and sea level match expectations based on palaeoclimate model simulations, but the absolute polar temperatures that we derive before, during and after the event are more than 10??C warmer than those model-predicted. This suggests that higher-than-modern greenhouse gas concentrations must have operated in conjunction with other feedback mechanisms-perhaps polar stratospheric clouds or hurricane-induced ocean mixing-to amplify early Palaeogene polar temperatures. ?? 2006 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature04668","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Pagani, M., Woltering, M., Brinkhuis, H., Damste, J., Dickens, G., Huber, M., Reichart, G., Stein, R., Matthiessen, J., Lourens, L., Pedentchouk, N., Backman, J., Moran, K., Clemens, S., Cronin, T., Eynaud, F., Gattacceca, J., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, R., Kaminski, M., King, J., Koc, N., Martinez, N., McInroy, D., Moore, T., O’Regan, M., Onodera, J., Palike, H., Rea, B., Rio, D., Sakamoto, T., Smith, D.C., St John, K., Suto, I., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M.E., and Yamamoto, M., 2006, Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum: Nature, v. 441, no. 7093, p. 610-613, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668.","startPage":"610","endPage":"613","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04668"},{"id":239367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"441","issue":"7093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d9de4b08c986b31d953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sluijs, A.","contributorId":42035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sluijs","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schouten, S.","contributorId":7064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagani, M.","contributorId":27185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woltering, M.","contributorId":17043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woltering","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brinkhuis, H.","contributorId":89719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Damste, J.S.S.","contributorId":47117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damste","given":"J.S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huber, M.","contributorId":79703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reichart, G.-J.","contributorId":103081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichart","given":"G.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stein, R.","contributorId":18507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Matthiessen, J.","contributorId":37531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthiessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lourens, L.J.","contributorId":43980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lourens","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pedentchouk, N.","contributorId":26429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedentchouk","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clemens, S.","contributorId":104285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gattacceca, J.","contributorId":20545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gattacceca","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Jordan, 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Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from >400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm ‘greenhouse’ world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder ‘icehouse’ world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent ∼14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1–2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (∼3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (∼14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (∼45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at ∼49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (∼55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.
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B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gustavsson, Nils","contributorId":94751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustavsson","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70912,"text":"ofr20051253 - 2005 - Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:35:06.631312","indexId":"ofr20051253","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1253","title":"Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"This report contains major- and trace-element concentration data for soil samples collected from 265 sites along two continental-scale transects in North America. One of the transects extends from northern Manitoba to the United States-Mexico border near El Paso, Tex. and consists of 105 sites. The other transect approximately follows the 38th parallel from the Pacific coast of the United States near San Francisco, Calif., to the Atlantic coast along the Maryland shore and consists of 160 sites. Sampling sites were defined by first dividing each transect into approximately 40-km segments. For each segment, a 1-km-wide latitudinal strip was randomly selected; within each strip, a potential sample site was selected from the most representative landscape within the most common soil type. At one in four sites, duplicate samples were collected 10 meters apart to estimate local spatial variability. At each site, up to four separate soil samples were collected as follows: (1) material from 0-5 cm depth; (2) O horizon, if present; (3) a composite of the A horizon; and (4) C horizon. Each sample collected was analyzed for total major- and trace-element composition by the following methods: (1) inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc; (2) cold vapor- atomic absorption spectrometry for mercury; (3) hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry for antimony and selenium; (4) coulometric titration for carbonate carbon; and (5) combustion for total carbon and total sulfur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051253","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Garrett, R.G., Klassen, R., Kilburn, J.E., Horton, J.D., King, H.D., Goldhaber, M.B., and Morrison, J.M., 2005, Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1253, ii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051253.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051253.JPG"},{"id":6576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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It is evident that a great deal can be done with scalar data, but there are significant advantages to direct measurement of the magnetic gradient tensor in applications with nearby sources, such as unexploded ordnance (UXO). To explore these advantages, we adapted a prototype tensor magnetic gradiometer system (TMGS) and successfully implemented a data-reduction procedure. One of several critical reduction issues is the precise determination of a large group of calibration coefficients for the sensors and sensor array. To resolve these coefficients, we devised a spin calibration method, after similar methods of calibrating space-based magnetometers (Snare, 2001). The spin calibration procedure consists of three parts: (1) collecting data by slowly revolving the sensor array in the Earth?s magnetic field, (2) deriving a comprehensive set of coefficients from the spin data, and (3) applying the coefficients to the survey data. To show that the TMGS functions as a tensor gradiometer, we conducted an experimental survey that verified that the reduction procedure was effective (Bracken and Brown, in press). Therefore, because it was an integral part of the reduction, it can be concluded that the spin calibration was correctly formulated with acceptably small errors.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055045","usgsCitation":"Bracken, R.E., Smith, D.V., and Brown, P., 2005, Calibrating a tensor magnetic gradiometer using spin data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5045, 1 p. online; 9 p. report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055045.","productDescription":"1 p. online; 9 p. report","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6875,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f93e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bracken, Robert E. 0000-0001-7759-2743 rbracken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-2743","contributorId":2640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"Robert","email":"rbracken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69839,"text":"ofr20041404 - 2004 - Biosolids, soil, crop, ground-water, and streambed-sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:37:00.471968","indexId":"ofr20041404","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1404","title":"Biosolids, soil, crop, ground-water, and streambed-sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"In January 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey began an expanded monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. Monitoring components were biosolids, soils, crops, ground water, and streambed sediments. The monitoring program addresses concerns from the public about chemical effects from applications of biosolids to farmland in the Deer Trail, Colorado, area. Constituents of primary concern to the public are arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, plutonium, and gross alpha and gross beta activity, and they are included for all monitoring components. This report presents chemical data from the fourth and fifth years of the monitoring program, 2002 through 2003, for biosolids, soils, crops, alluvial and bedrock ground water, and streambed sediment. The ground-water section also includes climate data and water levels. 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No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041031","usgsCitation":"Miggins, D., Blome, C.D., and Smith, D.V., 2004, Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous intrusions from Uvalde County, Texas: Defining a more precise eruption history for the southern Balcones Volcanic Province (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1031, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041031.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5628,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68453.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Uvalde County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.6813,29.0872],[-100.1119,29.0844],[-100.1112,29.3486],[-100.111,29.6236],[-100.0145,29.6237],[-99.6173,29.6257],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.4132,29.6253]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Uvalde\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miggins, Daniel P.","contributorId":71623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"Daniel P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54001,"text":"ofr03400 - 2004 - Biosolids, Soil, Crop, Ground-Water, and Streambed-Sediment Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:36:26.261923","indexId":"ofr03400","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-400","title":"Biosolids, Soil, Crop, Ground-Water, and Streambed-Sediment Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2000","docAbstract":"In January 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey began an expanded monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District\r\nand the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. Monitoring components were biosolids, soils, crops, ground water, and streambed sediments. The monitoring program addresses concerns from the public about chemical effects from applications of biosolids to agricultural land in the Deer Trail area. Constituents of primary concern to the public are arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, plutonium, and gross alpha and beta activity, and they are included for all monitoring components. This report presents chemical data from the second year of the monitoring program, January?December 2000, for biosolids, crops, alluvial and bedrock ground water, and streambed sediments. The ground-water section also includes climate data, water levels, and results of statistical testing of selected data for trends and for exceedance of Colorado regulatory standards. The chemical data included are for the constituents of highest concern to the public as well as for many other constituents.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03400","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., Crock, J.G., and Stevens, M.R., 2004, Biosolids, Soil, Crop, Ground-Water, and Streambed-Sediment Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-400, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03400.","productDescription":"97 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-400/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3ee4b07f02db61f898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":58306,"text":"sir20045289 - 2004 - Effects of surface applications of biosolids on soil, crops, ground water, and streambed sediment near Deer Trail, Colorado, 1999-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:37:28.985859","indexId":"sir20045289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5289","title":"Effects of surface applications of biosolids on soil, crops, ground water, and streambed sediment near Deer Trail, Colorado, 1999-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District, studied natural geochemical effects and the effects of biosolids applications to the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District properties near Deer Trail, Colorado, during 1999 through 2003 because of public concern about potential contamination of soil, crops, ground water, and surface water from biosolids applications. Parameters analyzed for each monitoring component included arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc (the nine trace elements regulated by Colorado for biosolids), gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity, and plutonium, as well as other parameters. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of the nine regulated trace elements in biosolids were relatively uniform and did not exceed applicable regulatory standards. All plutonium concentrations in biosolids were below the minimum detectable level and were near zero. The most soluble elements in biosolids were arsenic, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, and selenium. Elevated concentrations of bismuth, mercury, phosphorus, and silver would be the most likely inorganic biosolids signature to indicate that soil or streambed sediment has been affected by biosolids. Molybdenum and tungsten, and to a lesser degree antimony, cadmium, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, phosphorus, and selenium, would be the most likely inorganic 'biosolids signature' to indicate ground water or surface water has been affected by biosolids. \r\n\r\nSoil data indicate that biosolids have had no measurable effect on the concentration of the constituents monitored. Arsenic concentrations in soil of both Arapahoe and Elbert County monitoring sites (like soil from all parts of Colorado) exceed the Colorado soil remediation objectives and soil cleanup standards, which were determined by back-calculating a soil concentration equivalent to a one-in-a-million cumulative cancer risk. Lead concentrations in soil slightly exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity-derived ecological soil-screening levels for avian wildlife. Plutonium concentration in the soil was near zero. \r\n\r\nWheat-grain data were insufficient to determine any measurable effects from biosolids. Comparison with similar data from other parts of North America where biosolids were not applied indicates similar concentrations. However, the Deer Trail study area had higher nickel concentrations in wheat from both the biosolids-applied fields and the control fields. Plutonium content of the wheat was near zero. \r\n\r\nGround-water levels generally declined at most wells during 1999 through 2003. Ground-water quality did not correlate with ground-water levels. Vertical ground-water gradients during 1999 through 2003 indicate that bedrock ground-water resources downgradient from the biosolids-applied areas are not likely to be contaminated by biosolids applications unless the gradients change as a result of pumping. \r\n\r\nGround-water quality throughout the study area varied over time at each site and from site to site at the same time, but plutonium concentrations in the ground water always were near zero. Inorganic concentrations at well D6 were relatively high compared to other ground-water sites studied. Ground-water pH and concentrations of fluoride, nitrite, aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, zinc, and plutonium in the ground water of the study area met Colorado standards. Concentrations of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, boron, iron, manganese, and selenium exceeded Colorado ground-water standards at one or more wells. Nitrate concentrations at well D6 significantly (alpha = 0.05) exceeded the Colorado regulatory standard. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in ground water had no significant (alpha = 0.05) upward trends. During 1999-2003, concentrations of nitrate, copper, molybdenum, and selenium","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045289","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., and Crock, J.G., 2004, Effects of surface applications of biosolids on soil, crops, ground water, and streambed sediment near Deer Trail, Colorado, 1999-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5289, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045289.","productDescription":"98 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5887,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217566,"text":"70217566 - 2003 - A guide to sampling freshwater mussel populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:38:47.256553","indexId":"70217566","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-31T17:33:41","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"A guide to sampling freshwater mussel populations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Strayer, D., and Smith, D.R., 2003, A guide to sampling freshwater mussel populations, 110 p.","productDescription":"110 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strayer, David L.","contributorId":238531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strayer","given":"David L.","affiliations":[{"id":47722,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53238,"text":"ofr03140 - 2003 - Final report VETEM (Very Early Time Electromagnetic) system survey of Pit 4 and Pit 10 subsurface disposal area, Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T20:04:35.996986","indexId":"ofr03140","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-140","title":"Final report VETEM (Very Early Time Electromagnetic) system survey of Pit 4 and Pit 10 subsurface disposal area, Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03140","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J., Smith, D.V., and Wright, D.L., 2003, Final report VETEM (Very Early Time Electromagnetic) system survey of Pit 4 and Pit 10 subsurface disposal area, Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-140, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03140.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61942.htm"},{"id":178132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.09051513671875,\n 43.44494295526125\n ],\n [\n -112.99644470214842,\n 43.44494295526125\n ],\n [\n -112.99644470214842,\n 43.509717009288075\n ],\n [\n -113.09051513671875,\n 43.509717009288075\n ],\n [\n -113.09051513671875,\n 43.44494295526125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f479d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David Von G.","contributorId":57936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Von G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}