Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Richard F. Madole Originator: D. Paco VanSistine Originator: John A. Michael Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Distribution of late Quaternary Wind-deposited Sand in Eastern Colorado. Edition: version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 2875 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2875/ Description: Abstract: Eastern Colorado has a history of recurring drought that extends far back in time beyond the data recorded by weather stations, newspapers, pioneer diaries, and tree rings. Extreme droughts in prehistoric time are recorded in deposits of windblown sand that form extensive dune fields and sand sheets. Dune fields and sand sheets cover nearly 20 percent of eastern Colorado. The sand is largely stable at present, in spite of frequent strong winds, primarily because of the vegetation cover. Most of the sand was blown from stream channels and flood plains during the Pleistocene, and then much of it was remobilized episodically during the Holocene. Paleowind directions in Pleistocene time were similar to those in the Holocene. Dominant sand-transporting winds were northwesterly in northeast and east-central Colorado and southwesterly in southeast and south-central Colorado. Near the South Platte River, three units of late Holocene eolian sand are recognized because they are separated by buried soils. Calibrated 14C ages of the buried soils and optical ages (OSL and IRSL) of the sand indicate that (1) the upper sand unit was deposited between about 700 and 300 cal yr B.P., (2) the middle sand unit was deposited between about 1275 and 930 cal yr B.P., and (3) deposition of the lower sand unit may have begun sometime between 3500 and 2800 cal yr B.P. and ceased prior to 2340 cal yr B.P. Preservation of the late Holocene buried soils is attributed primarily to a content of silt and clay that is unusually high for eolian sand. The silt and clay presumably originated as dust, probably from the channel and flood plain of the South Platte River, and was eluviated into the eolian sand after the main body of sand was deposited. Middle Holocene eolian sand is widespread but poorly dated. Optical ages indicate that it was deposited at different times, but neither the beginning nor the end of any episode of sand reactivation has been determined. Calibrated 14C ages of buried soils developed in Pleistocene eolian sand that underlies middle Holocene sand, suggest a minimum date of about 7000 cal yr B.P. for the onset of eolian sand deposition in middle Holocene time. Late Pleistocene eolian sand is present primarily in sheets that extend several kilometers downwind beyond the limits of middle and late Holocene units. Radiocarbon and optical ages suggest that late Pleistocene eolian sand is approximately coeval with glacial deposits of Pinedale age in the nearby Front Range. Deposition of eolian sand may have begun as early as 30,000 cal yr B.P. and continued, probably intermittently, until about 13,500 cal yr B.P. Purpose: This map is a product of a study of the geomorphology and stratigraphy of sand sheets and dune fields in eastern Colorado. The study was made to obtain information about the number, frequency, and spatial extent of droughts, especially those that predate historical and instrumental records. The study also sought to identify areas that have drought-related land and resource management issues. The map was made because the study required a regional overview of the distribution of eolian sand, and previously published maps did not meet this need. The distribution of eolian sand shown on this map is a synthesis of information from county soil maps and geologic maps, supplemented in some places by photogeologic mapping and field study. Supplemental_Information: Files included in this dataset: SAND: eolian sand polygon units PALEOWIND: point features showing paleowind direction Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -106.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -102.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: AGI Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: Geologic map Theme_Keyword: Eolian sand Theme_Keyword: Quaternary Theme_Keyword: Stratigraphy Theme_Keyword: Numerical ages Theme_Keyword: Sand sources Theme_Keyword: Paleowind directions Theme_Keyword: Sediment properties Theme_Keyword: Dune forms Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Board of Geographic Names Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Eastern Colorado Place_Keyword: South Platte River Place_Keyword: Arkansas River Place_Keyword: Great Plains Place_Keyword: Arikaree River Place_Keyword: Republican River Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appropriate in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard Madole Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center MS 980 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: none Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: madole@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The Earth Surface Processes Team and Geologic Hazards Team of the U.S. Geological Survey funded this project. We thank Stephen F. Personius and Paul E. Carrara for reviewing an earlier version of the map and text and David S. Fullerton and Daniel R. Muhs for helpful suggestions near the end stage of the project. Also, we are indebted to F. Craig Brunstein for editorial input and guidance, to Jeremy C. Havens and Lisa Ramirez Rukstales for graphics and help in designing figures, and to Carol A. Quesenberry for graphics, publication design, and layout. Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.8, sun4u UNIX ARC/INFO version 8.1 Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2875/2875map.pdf Browse_Graphic_File_Description: graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attributes were checked by manually comparing hard copy plots of the digital data with the source materials. Authors and USGS map editors performed separate reviews. Logical_Consistency_Report: Map elements were visually checked by the authors for overshoots, undershoots, duplicate features, and other errors. ARC/INFO software was used to create topological relations among features. Features were not duplicated, but coincident lines exist between data layers where appropriate. Completeness_Report: Geologic map units were collected and digitized at varying resolutions and scales for portrayal on a base at 1:700,000 scale. Data are complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Many different source scales were used in the compilation of this map, along with several data automation methods(digitizing table, heads up(on-screen) digitizing). Large scale county soil maps were from 1:15,840 to 1:31,680 in scale, and up to 1:250,000 in scale for the geologic maps and STATSGO soils data. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Moreland, D.C. Title: Soil survey of Larimer County area, Colorado Publication_Date: 1980 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1980 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Moreland (1980) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Crabb, J.A. Title: Soil survey of Weld County, Colorado, Northern Part Publication_Date: 1982 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agriculture Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1982 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Crabb (1982) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amen, A.E. Originator: Anderson, D.L. Originator: Hughes, T.J. Originator: Weber, T.J. Title: Soil survey of Logan County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1977 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1977 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Amen and others (1977) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brubacher, J.I. Originator: Moore, T.R. Title: Soil survey of Sedgwick County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1969 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1969 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Brubacher and Moore (1969) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brubacher, J.I. Originator: Amen, A.E. Originator: Fletcher, L.A. Originator: Geib, E.E. Originator: Moore, T.R. Title: Soil survey of Phillips County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1971 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1971 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Brubacher and others (1971) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Moreland, D.C. Originator: Moreland, R.E. Title: Soil survey of Boulder County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1975 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1975 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Moreland and Moreland (1975) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Crabb, J.A. Title: Soil survey of Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Publication_Date: 1980 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agriculture Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1980 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Crabb (1980) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Spears, C.F. Originator: Amen, A.E. Originator: Fletcher, L.A. Originator: Healey, L.R. Title: Soil survey of Morgan County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1968 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1968 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Spears and others (1968) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Petersen, M.L. Originator: Crabb, J.A. Originator: Larsen, R.J. Title: Soil survey of Washington County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1986 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1986 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Petersen and others (1986) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, R.J. Title: Soil survey of Yuma County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1981 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with Yuma Soil Conservation District, Yuma County Soil Conservation District, and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1981 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen (1981) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Shroba, R.R. Title: Geologic map and physical properties of the surficial and bedrock units of the Englewood quadrangle, Denver, Arapahoe, and Adams Counties, Colorado Publication_Date: 1980 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map Issue_Identification: GQ Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1980 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Shroba (1980) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Price, A.B. Originator: Amen, A.E. Title: Soil survey of Golden area, Colorado, parts of Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, and Park Counties Publication_Date: 1984 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1984 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Price and Amen (1984) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Scott, G.R. Title: Geology of the Littleton quadrangle, Jefferson, Douglas, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado Publication_Date: 1962 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin Issue_Identification: 1121-L Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1962 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scott (1962) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Maberry, J.O. Originator: Lindvall, R.M. Title: Geologic map of the Parker quadrangle, Arapahoe and Douglas Counties, Colorado Publication_Date: 1972 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-770-A Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1972 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Maberry and R.M. (1972) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Sampson, J.J. Originator: Baber, T.G. Title: Soil survey of Adams County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1974 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1974 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sampson and Baber (1974) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, L.S. Originator: Brown, J.B. Title: Soil survey of Arapahoe County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1971 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1971 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen and Brown (1971) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bryant, Bruce Originator: McGrew, L.W. Originator: Wobus, R.A. Title: Geologic map of the Denver 1 x 2 quadrangle, north-central Colorado Publication_Date: 1981 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-1163 Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1981 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bryant and others (1981) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, L.S. Originator: Baber, T.G. Originator: Wesswick, E.L. Originator: McCoy, D.E. Originator: Harman, J.B. Title: Soil survey of Elbert County, Colorado, Eastern Part Publication_Date: 1966 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1966 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen and others (1966) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Sharps, J.A. Title: Geologic map of the Limon 1 x 2 quadrangle, Colorado and Kansas Publication_Date: 1980 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map Issue_Identification: I-1250 Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1980 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sharps (1980) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Madole, R.F. Title: Geologic map of the Falcon NW quadrangle, El Paso County, Colorado Publication_Date: 2003 Series_Information: Series_Name: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 02-02 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Madole (2003) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Madole, R.F. Originator: Thorson, J.P. Title: Geologic map of the Elsmere quadrangle, El Paso County, Colorado Publication_Date: 2002 Series_Information: Series_Name: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 02-02 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2002 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Madole and Thorson (2002) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, L.S. Title: Soil survey of El Paso County area, Colorado Publication_Date: 1981 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1981 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen (1981) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Scott, G.R. Originator: Taylor, R.B. Originator: Epis, R.C. Originator: Wobus, R.A. Title: Geologic map of the Pueblo 1 x 2 quadrangle, south-central Colorado Publication_Date: 1978 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-1022 Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1978 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scott and others (1978) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Sharps, J.A. Title: Geologic map of the Lamar quadrangle, Colorado and Kansas Publication_Date: 1976 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-944 Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1976 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sharps (1976) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Coffin, D.L. Title: Geology and ground-water resources of the Big Sandy Creek valley, Lincoln, Cheyenne, and Kiowa Counties, Colorado Publication_Date: 1967 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Issue_Identification: 1843 Source_Scale_Denominator: 125000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1967 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Coffin (1967) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Geib, E.E. Title: Soil survey of Cheyenne County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1991 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1991 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Geib (1991) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, R.J. Originator: Wiggins, T.J. Originator: Holden, D.L. Originator: McCulloch, M.B. Originator: Preator, R.E. Title: Soil survey of Pueblo area, Colorado, parts of Pueblo and Custer Counties Publication_Date: 1979 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1979 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen and others (1979) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, R.J. Originator: Martin, D.R. Originator: Mayhugh, R.E. Title: Soil survey of Crowley County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1968 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1968 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen and others (1968) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anderson, D.L. Originator: Lesh, J.G. Originator: Wickman, D.W. Title: Soil survey of Kiowa County area, Colorado Publication_Date: 1981 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1981 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Anderson and others (1981) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, R.J. Originator: Martin, D.R. Originator: McCullough, M. B. Title: Soil survey of Otero County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1972 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1972 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Larsen and others (1972) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Preator, R.E. Originator: Moreland, R.E. Originator: Woodyard, S.O. Originator: McCullough, M.B. Title: Soil survey of Bent County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1971 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1971 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Preator and others (1971) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pannell, J.P. Originator: Larsen, R.J. Originator: McCullough, M.B. Originator: Moreland, R.E. Originator: Woodyard, S.O. Title: Soil survey of Prowers County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1966 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Issue_Identification: none Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1966 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pannell and others (1966) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: McLaughlin, T.G. Title: Geology and ground-water resources of Baca County, Colorado Publication_Date: 1954 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Issue_Identification: 1256 Source_Scale_Denominator: 125000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1954 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: McLaughlin (1954) Source_Contribution: unit contacts Process_Step: Process_Description: Paper maps or scanned versions of author delineated contact maps were digitized "heads up" or on a digitizing table. These contacts were then combined to complete the sand polygon unit and given a name attribute designation. Process_Date: 1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: First draft of metadata created by Paco VanSistine using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.32 01/11/99 on ARC/INFO data set . Process_Date: 2004 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Conformal Conic Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 33.0 Standard_Parallel: 45.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -106.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 0.00000 False_Northing: 0.00000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 44.33459854126 Ordinate_Resolution: 44.33459854126 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: DATASET NAMES: SAND PALEOWIND : >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 4 12 F 3 > 5 PERIMETER 4 12 F 3 > 9 SAND# 4 5 B - > 13 SAND-ID 4 5 B - > 17 DESCRIPTION 25 25 C - > 42 NAME 25 25 C - explanation of item names: DESCRIPTION - polygon unit description NAME - sand "area" designation names DESCRIPTION eolian sand NAME Apishapa Baca Arkansas River Black Squirrel Big Sandy Wray SouthPlatte : >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 4 12 F 3 > 21 SAND# 4 5 B - > 25 SAND-ID 4 5 B - > 29 DESCRIPTION 100 100 C - explanation of item names: DESCRIPTION - line feature description DESCRIPTION contact-approximately located >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME INDEXED? > 1 AREA 4 12 F 3 - > 5 PERIMETER 4 12 F 3 - > 9 PALEOWIND# 4 5 B - - > 13 PALEOWIND-ID 4 5 B - - > 17 DIRECTION 5 5 I - - explanation of item names: DIRECTION - angle of wind direction from 0 - 360 degrees. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Central Publications Group City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5486 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: webmaster@greenwood.cr.usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE, SHP Format_Version_Number: 7.2.1 File_Decompression_Technique: GZIP compressed TAR file (UNIX), ZIP archive (Windows) Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2875/ Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2875/ Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one printed map sheet and 49-page pamphlet text. Fees: for current charges please see http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/prices/ Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2004 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Paco VanSistine Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center MS 980 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5452 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-5349 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dsistine@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none