Identification_Information:

  Citation:

    Citation_Information:

      Originator: Russell C. Evarts and Jim E. O'Connor

      Originator: Philip Dinterman and Karen L. Wheeler (database)

      Publication_Date: 2008

      Title: Geologic Map of the Camas Quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon

      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

      Series_Information:

        Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map

        Issue_Identification: SIM-3017

      Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3017

  Description:

    Abstract: This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits of the Camas 7.5-minute quadrangle.  The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller.

    Purpose: This database and accompanying plot files depict the distribution of geologic materials and structures at a regional (1:24,000) scale. The report is intended to provide geologic information for the regional study of materials properties, earthquake shaking, landslide potential, mineral hazards, seismic velocity, and earthquake faults. In addition, the report contains new information and interpretations about the regional geologic history and framework. However, the regional scale of this report does not provide sufficient detail for site development purposes.

    Supplemental_Information:

      DIGITAL COMPILATION-Several ESRI ArcGIS feature classes were generated within an ArcGIS personal geodatabase during the construction of the Camas quadrangle geologic map. The topographic base map remains as a digital raster graphic (DRG) and is overlain on the geology feature class in ArcMap at a 60% transparency level. Some custom menus were used to project, transform, edit, tag, and build points in the map. A digital layout or map collar was made with Adobe Illustrator. The map was exported from the layout view in ArcMap as an Adobe Illustrator file and added to a single Adobe Illustrator file that also contained the description of map units, correlation of map units, cross sections, and an index map. Differences between the maps as they appear in the final map sheet and as they appear in the either the .mxd or .pmf files represent changes made in the Adobe Illustrator file to the symbology only and do not reflect any changes in the actual source data. The map is in UTM projection, zone 10, meters, and 1:24,000 scale. The explanatory pamphlet was saved to PDF from Microsoft Word.

      BASE MAP-The base map for the digital compilation is a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Camas 7.5' quadrangle (1993), which has a 10-foot contour interval. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 10. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The base map layer is a digital image, but no information other than location is attached to the lines. The base map is provided for reference only.

      SPATIAL RESOLUTION-Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data.

  Time_Period_of_Content:

    Time_Period_Information:

      Single_Date/Time:

        Calendar_Date: 2008

    Currentness_Reference: publication date

  Status:

    Progress: Complete

    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

  Spatial_Domain:

    Bounding_Coordinates:

      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.501108

      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.373613

      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.625615

      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.499385

  Keywords:

    Theme:

      Theme_Keyword: Geology

      Theme_Keyword: Ar/Ar Geochronology

      Theme_Keyword: volcanic arc

    Place:

      Place_Keyword: Pacific Northwest

      Place_Keyword: Washington

      Place_Keyword: Clark County

      Place_Keyword: Oregon

      Place_Keyword: Multnohmah County

      Place_Keyword: Cascade Range

      Place_Keyword: Portland Basin

      Place_Keyword: Columbia River

    Stratum:

      Stratum_Keyword: Troutdale Formation

      Stratum_Keyword: Tertiary Volcanic Stratigraphy

      Stratum_Keyword: Boring volcanic field

      Stratum_Keyword: Missoula floods

  Access_Constraints: None

  Use_Constraints: Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data.

  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

    SDTS_Terms_Description:

      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String

      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 497

Spatial_Reference_Information:

  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

    Planar:

      Grid_Coordinate_System:

        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

          UTM_Zone_Number: 10

          Transverse_Mercator:

            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

            False_Easting: 500000.000000

            False_Northing: 0.000000

      Planar_Coordinate_Information:

        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair

        Coordinate_Representation:

          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000065

          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000065

        Planar_Distance_Units: meters

    Geodetic_Model:

      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927

      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000

      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698

  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

    Altitude_System_Definition:

      Altitude_Resolution: 0.000010

      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasContacts

      Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic Contacts

      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Shape

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LTYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Geologic Contact description

      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, approx. located

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Approximately located boundary between geologic units; positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, certain

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units, positional accuracy generally within 2 mm at 1:24,000 (48 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, concealed

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units that is concealed by a younger unit; positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, inferred

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of uncertain location between geologic units; positional accuracy uncertain contact exists but location inferred from indirect evidence

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, approx. located

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, certain

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault, positional accuracy generally within 2 mm at 1:24,000 (48 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, concealed

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: map boundary

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: map boundary of this 1:24000 study

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, approx. located

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located normal fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed, queried

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault, identity or existance questionable, concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed_mN

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground), marker symbol showing downdip direction towards north

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed_mS

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground), marker symbol showing downdip direction towards south

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, inferred

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence.

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, inferred_mS

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence, marker symbol showing downdip direction towards south       

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: reverse fault, concealed

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of reverse fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: reverse fault, inferred

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of reverse fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: s.s. fault, r.l., approx. located_m

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located right lateral strike-slip fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: s.s. fault, r.l., concealed_m

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of right lateral strike-slip fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground)  with marker

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: water boundary, certain

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Outline of a body of open water; positional accuracy within 1:24,000 National Map Accuracy Standards

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasGeologyPolys

      Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic Unit Descriptions

      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Shape

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Shape_Length

      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Shape_Area

      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: PTYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Geologic Unit Abbreviation

      Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: af

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Artificial fill (Holocene)—Unconsolidated soil, sand, gravel, and crushed rock used for highway and railroad beds and levees

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qac

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium of Columbia River floodplain and channel (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated fine sand, silt, and clay that underlies historic floodplain, islands, and bars of the Columbia River at elevations less than 30 ft (10 m); composed largely of quartz, feldspar, and conspicuous muscovite. Sections exposed in banks, excavations, and drill-core samples commonly show sand-silt couplets up to 30 cm thick; basal sands locally display ripple cross lamination, planar lamination, and tabular foresets; capping silt and clay beds generally massive and bioturbated; couplets interpreted as deposits of large annual Columbia River freshets before substantial 20th century river regulation and floodplain diking. Unit includes local diatomaceous beds and layers of organic-rich sediment that probably formed in floodplain marshes, ponds, and lakes, as well as thin (less than 2 cm) tephra beds from Holocene eruptions of Mount St. Helens. Regionally, most deposits above modern low-water river level (3 ft (1 m) above sea level in map area) are younger than 2000 years old and most deposits forming Government Island are younger than 500 yr B.P. (table 3). Well logs and seismic reflection profiles show that fine-grained valley fill beneath the historic floodplain, presumably representing river aggradation since the last-glacial sea level low stand of about 15,000 yr B.P. (Baker, 2002), locally extends to 300 ft (90 m) below sea level in the map area (Hoffstetter, 1984; Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Gates, 1994; Pratt and others, 2001; Rapp, 2005). Near Blue Lake, deposits contain fluvially concentrated 7.7-ka Mazama tephra (Gates, 1994) at 45 ft (14 m) below sea level. Near tributary mouths, unit includes rare lenses of cobble to pebble gravel composed largely of andesite and dacite clasts; also includes local unmapped areas of dredge spoils and other fills, and possibly eolian deposits

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qa

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene)— Unconsolidated sand, gravel, and organic-rich mud along rivers and creeks, in seasonally inundated depressions, and along shore of Lacamas Lake. Deposits along the Washougal and Sandy Rivers consist mostly of stratified sand and cobble to pebble gravel; deposits along smaller watercourses are more variable

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qt

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Talus deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)— Unsorted accumulations of angular basalt blocks and scoria below cliffs on south slope of Prune Hill; includes deposits of both natural and anthropogenic origins

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qls

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Landslide deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)—  Diamictons of unsorted, angular bedrock and surficial material transported down slope en masse. Chiefly deep-seated, semi-coherent slumps and internally disrupted rockslide, earthflow, and debris-flow deposits. Many mapped slides head at arcuate scars and exhibit subhorizontal tops, bulbous toes, and hummocky, poorly drained surfaces. Slides at Camas possibly triggered by late Pleistocene cataclysmic flooding

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfs

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cataclysmic-flood deposits, sand and silt facies (Pleistocene) Unconsolidated silt and fine sand mantling paleosurfaces below about 300 ft (90 m) near southwest corner of quadrangle. Rarely exposed; distribution inferred largely from well logs, which indicate thickness of unit in map area ranges from 0 to about 15 m. Contains abundant quartz, potassium feldspar, and muscovite grains, indicating deposition by Columbia River rather than by local streams. Interpreted as slackwater deposits of colossal glacier-outburst floods initiated by repeated failure of ice dam at Glacial Lake Missoula in Idaho and Montana during the late Pleistocene (Bretz, 1925, 1959; Baker and Bunker, 1985; Waitt, 1985, 1994, 1996; Atwater, 1986; O’Connor and Baker, 1992; Benito and O’Connor, 2003). Hydraulically dammed floodwaters temporarily ponded in Portland Basin and deposited suspended sediment load (Trimble, 1963). Radiocarbon and tephrochronologic data from outside the map area indicate depositional ages between about 17,000 and 13,000 14C years B.P. (Waitt, 1985, 1994; Atwater, 1986; Clague and others, 2003)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qh

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deposits derived from Mount Hood volcano (Holocene)—Unconsolidated, stratified sand and gravel and diamictons composed of volcanic debris transported down Sandy River from Mount Hood; underlie an extensive lowland north of Troutdale informally known as the Sandy River delta as well as terraces with treads as high as 40 ft (12 m) above the Sandy River; as thick as 9 m in borings and 6.5 m in riverbank outcrops (Rapp, 2005); locally contain interbeds of Columbia River overbank deposits, and almost everywhere overlain by more recent Columbia River floodplain deposits up to 1 m thick; also includes local areas of artificial fill. Sand and gravel form planar or cross-stratified beds that typically fine upwards; gray except for fine sand beds, which are locally reddish to pinkish gray. Gravel clasts are dominantly fresh, porphyritic, pyroxene and hornblende andesites; sand composed mostly of angular to sub-rounded, gray to red, lithic (andesite) fragments, 5–20 percent clear plagioclase fragments, and 2–10 percent equant hornblende crystals. Diamictons are brown to brownish gray, massive to weakly stratified beds, 0.5 to 5 m thick, composed of 30–50 percent angular andesite fragments up to 10 cm diameter in matrix of sand, silt, and clay (Rapp, 2005). Stratified sand and gravel interpreted to represent fluvial aggradation triggered by highly increased sediment supply following Mount Hood eruptions. Diamictons are interpreted as deposits of Mount Hood lahars. Numerous radiocarbon ages (table 3) and regional stratigraphic relations show that these deposits are younger than 1600 yr B.P. and were produced during and after the Timberline and Old Maid eruptive episodes of Crandell (1980); most are older than 1200 yr B.P. and are related to the Timberline period (Rapp, 2005). Old Maid-age sediment forms several channel-fill deposits, as thick as 5 m, in the Sandy River delta and aggraded in the lower Sandy River valley to elevations as high as or higher than the Timberline-age deposits (Rapp, 2005)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtds

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of Sandy River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Poorly exposed, unconsolidated, sandy cobble to boulder gravel forming distinct bench with surface elevation between 170 and 190 ft (48 and 58 m) along Sandy River and Beaver Creek. Consist of subhorizontal gravel sheets, 0.5–5 m thick, locally separated by thin sand lenses; poorly sorted, locally imbricated, and texture varies from compact with sand matrix to loose open-work; clasts subangular to well rounded, include common large (up to 1 m diameter) boulders of hornblende andesite; deposit contains at least one 1-m-thick bed of silty lithic-rich sand inferred to be the distal facies of a Mount Hood lahar. Exhibits weakly developed soil profile and weathering rinds on fine-grain volcanic clasts less than 1 mm thick, suggesting relative youth; absence of cover by cataclysmic (Missoula)-flood deposits indicate that unit postdates flooding; may reflect deposition behind the immense Missoula-flood bar extending southwestward from Broughton Bluff that temporarily blocked the Sandy River at its confluence with the Columbia River. Equivalent in part to Estacada Formation of Trimble (1963)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtdwl

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of lower Washougal River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sandy gravel and sand underlying small terraces along Washougal River; generally less than 10 m thick. Gravel is poorly sorted, locally imbricated, and texture varies from compact with sand matrix to loose openwork. Clasts subangular to well rounded, derived from Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks of Cascade Range, Columbia River Basalt Group, and Troutdale Formation. Deposits are below 50 ft (15 m) elevation and minimally weathered; inferred to represent aggradation behind coarse-grained Missoula Flood bar that now constricts mouth of Washougal River

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtdl

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of Little Washougal River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated gravel and sand flanking Little Washougal River near northeastern corner of map area; about 2–5 m thick. Gravel is poorly sorted, composed of subangular to well rounded clasts derived from Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks of Cascade Range, Columbia River Basalt Group, and Troutdale Formation. Minimal soil development. Formed by aggradation behind downriver landslide complex in adjacent Washougal quadrangle (R.C. Evarts and J.E. O’Connor, unpub. mapping)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qlo

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Loess (Pleistocene)—Massive unconsolidated deposits of light-gray to buff, micaceous, quartzofeldspathic eolian silt and fine sand; commonly contains isolated granules and small pebbles; generally capped with strongly developed red soils. Forms widespread mantle on uplands of map area but mapped only where thick (about 3 to 25 m) and extensive enough to obscure underlying units. Overlies 596-ka basaltic andesite of Prune Hill, but probably deposited during several episodes throughout late Quaternary time. Below about 300 ft (90 m) elevation, may include slack-water cataclysmic-flood deposits (Qfs)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfs

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cataclysmic-flood deposits (Pleistocene)—Sediment deposited by colossal glacier-outburst floods caused by repeated failure of ice dam across Clark Fork River that formed Pleistocene Lake Missoula in western Montana (Bretz, 1925, 1959; Bretz and others, 1956; Trimble, 1963; Allison, 1978; Baker and Bunker, 1985; Waitt, 1985, 1994, 1996; Atwater, 1986; O’Connor and Baker, 1992; Benito and O’Connor, 2003). The Missoula floods achieved stages of 400–500 ft (120–150 m) as they spread and slowed over the eastern Portland Basin after exiting the western Columbia River Gorge with velocities of 35 m/s at peak discharge (Benito and O’Connor, 2003) and deposited coarse traction load in series of large bars and plains, the Portland delta of Bretz (1925). Hydraulically dammed floodwaters temporarily ponded in Portland Basin and deposited suspended sediment load (Trimble, 1963). Radiocarbon and tephrochronologic data from outside the map area indicate depositional ages between about 17,000 and 13,000 14C years B.P. (Waitt, 1985, 1994; Atwater, 1986; Benito and O’Connor, 2003; Clague and others, 2003). Coarse bedload deposits and fine slack-water deposits mapped separately

      Sand and silt facies—Unconsolidated light brown to light gray silt, clay, and fine to medium sand. Up to 20 m thick at low elevations in the region but thins toward upper mappable extent at 300–350 ft (90–105 m) elevation in the map area. Upper map limit only approximately placed on basis of topography owing to the difficulty in distinguishing from similar loess and clayey soils that cover most upland surfaces. Most exposures obscure, but rare fresh exposures show multiple, 0.25-to-1.5-m thick, fining-up sequences of ripple cross-stratified very fine sand grading up to massive bioturbated clayey silt. Sand composed of quartz, feldspar, and conspicuous muscovite, indicative of a Columbia River provenance. Coarser sand facies contain abundant dark volcanic rock fragments. Interpreted as slack-water sediment settled from temporarily ponded floodwater. May locally include compositionally identical loess

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfg

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel facies—Unconsolidated, gray, stratified, bouldery to cobbly gravel and sand deposited in thick sheets over older basin-fill deposits on upland areas flanking the Columbia River; organized into prominent large bar and channel complexes on Mill Plain in the northwest part of map area and much of east Portland, Fairview, and Troutdale south of the river (Allison, 1978; Minervini and others, 2003). Beneath Holocene floodplain deposits (Qac) northeast of Blue Lake, flood gravel occupies buried late glacial channel; channel floor is at least 230 ft (70 m) below sea level (Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Pratt and others, 2001). Locally, as along southern edge of the historic Columbia River floodplain and in the Lacamas Lake trough, Missoula-flood deposits form thin (<2 m) and discontinuous mantle on older basin-fill and bedrock units. Numerous active and historic quarry exposures in upland areas reveal more than 15 m of crudely stratified and poorly sorted coarse gravel and sand, commonly deposited in tall (locally >5 m), steeply dipping (up to 35º) foresets. Deposits generally fine westward and away from the Columbia River; in some places, contain immense boulders, some exceeding 4 m in long diameter, particularly near Troutdale and along southwest side of Prune Hill. Texturally and compositionally variable; most clasts derived from Columbia River Basalt Group but includes blocks of Troutdale Formation and Pliocene–Quaternary Cascadian basalt, all probably entrained in the western Columbia River Gorge; locally, such as southwest of Prune Hill, consists of large, angular-to-subangular blocks eroded from nearby valley walls. Sweeping unconformities visible in large fresh exposures likely reflect multiple flood events (Benito and O’Connor, 2003). Unit includes local sand accumulations below 200 ft (60 m) elevation, some of them mapped as sand and silt deposits (Qs) by Trimble (1963), that were probably deposited by smaller late-episode floods confined to the narrow Columbia River valley of late Pleistocene time

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qbph

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Prune Hill (Pleistocene)—Light- to medium-gray, microvesicular, olivine-phyric, calc-alkaline basaltic andesite (54–55 wt percent SiO2) that underlies area directly west of Prune Hill; well developed platy and columnar jointing; up to 65 m thick in Fisher Quarry, where complex jointing patterns and contacts with scoriaceous flow breccia indicate multiple flow lobes. Contains phenocrysts of olivine (3–7 percent; about 0.5 mm, locally to 1 mm across; with minute chromian spinel inclusions), plagioclase ( 0.1 percent; 0.5–1 mm long), and augite (0.1 percent) in trachytic to intergranular, locally microvesicular groundmass of plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, and dark-brown interstitial glass; distinguished by presence of prismatic hypersthene microlites. Some samples contain corroded and sieved plagioclase xenocrysts about 1 mm across. Vent located east of Fisher Quarry in area underlain by scoria deposits (stipple pattern) and coincident with a strong positive aeromagnetic anomaly (Snyder and others, 1993). Well sorted to poorly sorted scoria beds consist of black to brick-red, variably vesicular clasts as large as 1 m across that are petrographically and chemically similar to associated lava flows; also commonly contain well-rounded pebbles and cobbles of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite derived from basin-fill sediments. Normal magnetic polarity (J.T. Hagstrum, written commun., 2000). 40Ar/39Ar age of 596±47 ka (table 2) is indistinguishable from K-Ar age of 590±50 ka reported by Conrey and others (1996a)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qbbb

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Broughton Bluff (Pleistocene)—Light-gray, olivine-phyric, calc-alkaline basaltic andesite flow (52–53 wt percent SiO2) (R.C. Evarts and R.M. Conrey, unpub. data); flow caps Broughton Bluff and has well developed columnar jointing; probably erupted from vent at Chamberlain Hill about 3 km to east. Contains phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of olivine (about 9 percent; mostly 0.5 to 1 mm but a few as large as 3 mm across; with inclusions of chromian spinel; locally replaced by iddingsite) in a trachytic to subophitic groundmass of plagioclase, augite, and Fe-Ti oxide. Reversed magnetic polarity (J.T. Hagstrum, written commun., 2002). An 40Ar/39Ar age of about 970±36 ka was obtained from a sample collected just east of the map area (R.J. Fleck, written commun., 2003)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qaas

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium of ancestral Sandy River (Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated to well-cemented sandy gravel underlying uplands west of the Sandy River. Poorly exposed along Beaver Creek, but well exposed beneath 12 to 18 m of cataclysmic-flood gravel (Qfg) in gravel pit 1 km north of Grant Butte; likely underlies flood gravel (Qfg) and loess (Qlo) throughout most of terrain south of Interstate 84. Gravel crudely stratified and well sorted, contains abundant well-rounded clasts up to 20 cm across of basaltic and andesitic rocks derived from Cascade Range (including Mount Hood volcano) and sparse clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite. Sand lenses, generally less than 1 m thick and 10 m long, composed chiefly of volcanic lithic grains; lack quartz and muscovite. Along Beaver Creek, unit includes poorly sorted debris-flow deposits that contain subrounded Mount Hood-derived pyroxene and hornblende andesite clasts as large as 1 m diameter. Unit at least 50 m thick in gravel pit north of Grant Butte; upper 11 to 15 m is distinctly lighter colored than the more oxidized and cemented dark gray sandy gravel composing lowermost 35 m; surface of upper gravel descends to north and west, indicating northwesterly transport, consistent with clast imbrication. Distribution, sedimentary texture and composition of unit indicate deposition during major, glacially induced(?), aggradational episodes of the ancestral Sandy River, producing a broad fan or braidplain extending north and west into the eastern Portland Basin. Interbedded debris-flow deposits record lahars associated with eruptive activity at Mount Hood. Age poorly constrained; overlies weathered surfaces on the hyaloclastic sandstone member of the Troutdale Formation (Ttfh); weak soil development indicates probable middle-to-late Pleistocene age

       Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTc

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Conglomerate (Pleistocene and Pliocene?)—Unconsolidated to cemented, thick bedded, pebble to boulder conglomerate with minor beds (<2 m thick) and lenses of basaltic and quartzofeldspathic sandstone; up to 90 m thick. Conglomerate varies from well sorted, clast-supported, imbricated and crossbedded deposits composed largely of well rounded clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite to poorly sorted deposits dominated by subangular to subrounded clasts of volcanic rocks eroded from Cascade Range. Deeply weathered except east of Lacamas Lake where top was removed by Missoula floods. Age poorly constrained; gradationally to unconformably overlies hyaloclastic sandstone member of Troutdale Formation (Ttfh); probably of latest Pliocene or early Pleistocene age

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qgwg

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel west of Gresham (Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sandy gravel underlying low hill between Gresham and Grant Butte. Consists of well rounded to subrounded pebbles and cobbles (up to 20 cm diameter) of volcanic rocks, chiefly andesites, derived from Cascade Range to the east, in oxidized silty matrix. Clasts minimally weathered and weathering rinds on fine-grained volcanic clasts are less than 5 mm thick, indicating a Pleistocene age. Topographic position suggests this unit is older than the uppermost gravel of the ancestral Sandy River alluvium (Qaas) exposed in excavation immediately to northwest, but it maybe an erosional remnant correlative with the lithologically similar deeper gravel

       Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTfg

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unnamed fan gravel (Pleistocene and Pliocene?)—  Deeply weathered unconsolidated sand and cobbly gravel poorly exposed along Beaver Creek valley near southern map boundary; underlies extensive northwest sloping piedmont surface south of the map area and west of Sandy River. Clasts consist chiefly of andesite and other Cascade Range rock types; weathering rinds on clasts exceed 1 cm thick. Locally includes diamicts, interpreted as lahar and lahar-runout deposits, that contain 1-m-diameter clasts of pyroxene and hornblende andesite. Capped by as much as (25 m) of strongly oxidized and pedogenically altered micaceous silt, inferred to be loess (Qlo). Morphology and composition of unit indicate deposition in broad fan by an ancient Sandy River draining Cascade Range. Topographic position, degree of weathering, and thick overlying loess mantle imply substantial age, probably early Pleistocene or late Pliocene. Lahar deposits derived from an ancient volcanic center, possibly the Sandy Glacier volcano (Wise, 1969; Sherrod and Scott, 1995) located in the Mount Hood area. Mapped as Springwater Formation by Trimble (1963), but geomorphic relations outside the map area indicate that it is probably younger than deposits in the type area near Springwater, about 30 km south of map area

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTwh

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Walters Hill Formation (Pleistocene and (or) Pliocene)—Semiconsolidated, deeply weathered, poorly exposed fluvial gravel forming Grant Butte. Consists of well-rounded to subrounded cobbles and pebbles of volcanic rocks, predominantly porphyritic andesites derived from Cascade Range to the east; matrix is coarse to fine volcaniclastic sand. Age unknown; topographic position suggests unit is younger than Troutdale Formation (Ttfh) and older than other gravel units (QTc, QTfg, Qgwg, Qaas) in map area

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ttfh

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Troutdale Formation (Pliocene and Miocene)—Semi-consolidated to well consolidated conglomerate and sandstone. Divided into two informal members separated by an unconformity.  Hyaloclastic sandstone member (Pliocene)—Fluvial sedimentary strata distinguished by indurated, coarse sandstone composed of abundant grains of glassy, olivine+plagioclase-phyric basalt and conglomerate that contains olivine-bearing basalt clasts; overlies and intertongues with micaceous, arkosic sandstone, siltstone, and claystone of the Sandy River Mudstone (Tsr). Well exposed in valley of Lacamas Creek, on west shore of Lacamas Lake, and along Sandy River east of Troutdale. Hyaloclastic sandstone (equivalent to vitric sandstone of Trimble (1963) and Tolan and Beeson (1984)) consists largely to entirely of angular to subrounded fragments, 2 to 6 mm across, of black, generally nonvesicular basalt that contains phenocrysts of olivine (0.5–2 mm) and plagioclase (1–3 mm) in a glassy (sideromelane) to intergranular groundmass; sideromelane partly to completely altered to palagonite, which cements sandstone and imparts a distinctive yellowish-brown color to the originally dark-green rock; many beds contain minor admixed nonvolcanic debris such as quartz, muscovite, hornblende, and potassium feldspar. Sandstone ranges from poorly sorted to well sorted; typically thick-bedded, commonly lenticular, crossbedded, and contains dispersed pebbles and cobbles of olivine-bearing basalt. Interbedded conglomerate mostly well-sorted and clast supported; consists of well rounded to subrounded pebbles and cobbles of variably vesicular, olivine+plagioclase-phyric basalt, basaltic rocks of Columbia River Basalt Group, and generally minor amounts of quartzite and other rock types; some conglomerate beds poorly sorted, with subangular basalt boulders as large as 1 m across. Angular nonvesicular vitric clasts in hyaloclastic sandstone beds interpreted as debris generated by basalt-water interaction in the Columbia River Gorge and rapidly transported downstream and deposited in eastern Portland Basin (Trimble, 1963; Swanson, 1986, 1988). Vitric clasts and associated basalt cobbles exhibit a low-potassium-tholeiite composition (Swanson, 1986, 1988; Lite; 1992; A.W. Sarna-Wojcicki, written commun., 2005; table 1, no. 34), indicating probable derivation from compositionally similar middle Pliocene basalt flows east of map area (Tolan and Beeson, 1984; Swanson, 1986, 1988; R.C. Evarts and R.M. Conrey, unpub. mapping). Leaf fossils from fine-grained interval within unit below Broughton Bluff date as early Pliocene (Trimble, 1963). Approximately equivalent to informal upper member of Troutdale Formation of Tolan and Beeson (1984)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ttfc

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Troutdale Formation (Pliocene and Miocene)—Semi-consolidated to well consolidated conglomerate and sandstone. Divided into two informal members separated by an unconformity. Conglomerate member (Pliocene? and Miocene)—Indurated, well-sorted, clast-supported, pebble and cobble conglomerate exposed on steep valley wall of Little Washougal River near northeast corner of map area. Composed largely of well-rounded clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group with minor but persistent quartzite and granitic and felsic metamorphic rocks. Sparse interbeds of micaceous quartzofeldspathic sandstone. Equivalent in part to upper member of Troutdale Formation of Mundorff (1964); correlative with lower member of Troutdale Formation of Tolan and Beeson (1984) and with quartzite-clast member of Troutdale Formation of Howard (2002) (see fig. 5). Late Miocene to early Pliocene age inferred from stratigraphic relations east of quadrangle (Tolan and Beeson, 1984)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsr

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sandy River Mudstone (Pliocene and Miocene)—shown in cross sections only. Semiconsolidated, well-bedded, fluvial and lacustrine sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and minor quartzite-bearing conglomerate, pumice-lapilli tuff, and lignite; not exposed in map area but water-well logs indicate this unit may be more than 300 m thick near western edge of quadrangle (Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Swanson and others, 1993). Approximately equivalent to informal lower member of Troutdale Formation as defined by Mundorff (1964). Age poorly known but probably ranges from middle Miocene to middle Pliocene; upper part underlies or interbedded with lower part of hyaloclastic sandstone member of Troutdale Formation, inferred to be about 3 to 4 m.y. old; plant fossils from localities near top of unit along Sandy River to southeast of quadrangle assigned an early Pliocene age (Chaney, 1944; Treasher, 1942; Trimble, 1963; Tolan and Beeson, 1984)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tmv

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mafic volcaniclastic rocks (Oligocene)—Indurated, olive-brown, mafic tuff breccia, lapilli tuff, and minor tuff; distinct decimeter-scale stratification defined by gradational variations in grain size; moderately well sorted to poorly sorted; composed largely of angular fragments as large as 60 cm across of texturally variable, lithic to scoriaceous, basalt and basaltic andesite. Unit locally contains rounded lithic clasts and blackened wood fragments; one exposure displays matrix-poor, talus-like deposit of angular blocks to 2 m across; cemented by clay, zeolites, calcite

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Td

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dacite (Oligocene)—Sparsely plagioclase-phyric dacite flow and flow breccia exposed at east end of Lady Island; exhibits pronounced platy parting with widely variable orientation. Contains phenocrysts of plagioclase (1 percent; 0.5–1 mm long), olivine (0.5–1 mm across;   0.1 percent), and clinopyroxene (0.5–1 mm across;   0.1 percent) and microphenocrysts of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite in a pilotaxitic groundmass. Age unknown but overlies basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Tbem)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tbem

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Oligocene)—Sequence of lava flows and flow breccia composed of dark-gray to brown, porphyritic to seriate to aphyric tholeiitic basaltic andesite and basalt; individual flows generally about 5 to 8 m thick, exhibit platy to blocky to columnar jointing; unit locally includes minor volcaniclastic rocks too thin or poorly exposed to map. Typical flows contain phenocrysts and glomerocrysts of weakly zoned plagioclase (0–40 percent; 1–6 mm, rarely more than 10 mm long; variably replaced by zeolites and (or) clay) and olivine (<2 percent; 0.5 to 3 mm across; commonly partly resorbed and surrounded by rinds of granular pyroxene and (or) magnetite; rarely contain minute chromian spinel inclusions; almost invariably replaced by some combination of smectite, hematite, carbonate, serpentine, quartz and kaolinite). Some flows also contain phenocrysts of augite (<1 percent; 0.5 to 1 mm across) and microphenocrysts of Fe-Ti oxide. Groundmass consists of plagioclase, augite, Fe-Ti oxide, and minor to abundant interstitial glass (largely devitrified or replaced by smectite, quartz, or calcite); groundmass textures chiefly intergranular to trachytic, less commonly subophitic or microphyric. All flows in unit are tholeiitic, and many are exceptionally rich in Fe (FeO* as high as 13.3 wt percent) and poor in Sr (<320 ppm) compared to mafic rocks elsewhere in southern Washington Cascade Range (du Bray and others, 2006; R.C. Evarts, unpub. data). 40Ar/39Ar age of 25.5±0.2 Ma obtained for sample near top of unit north of Camas Slough

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ta

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Andesite (Oligocene)—Platy porphyritic to seriate andesite forming Ione Reef in Columbia River. Contains phenocrysts of plagioclase (18 percent; 1–2 mm long) and sparse microphenocrysts of orthopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxide in an intergranular groundmass of plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, and minor interstitial brown smectite. Age unknown but overlies basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Tbem)

        Enumerated_Domain:

          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tvs

          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks (Oligocene)—Section of weathered, poorly exposed volcaniclastic rocks interbedded with basaltic andesite flows (Tbem) east of Lacamas Creek; approximately 30 m thick. Primarily massive, light-green to dark-brown, lithic lapilli tuff composed of angular to subrounded volcanic lithic and pumice clasts to 5 cm across in sandy to silty matrix; pervasively altered to smectite, kaolinite, and zeolites. Abundance, variety, and subrounded character of lithic clasts suggests unit consists largely of debris-flow rather than primary pyroclastic-flow deposits

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      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: PTTYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Point type attribute, "chem"

      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SAMPNO

      Attribute_Definition: Sample number used in field collection

      Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MAP_NO

      Attribute_Definition: Number designation on map

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LATITUDE

      Attribute_Definition: Measurement of latitude

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE

      Attribute_Definition: Measurement of longitude

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MAP_UNIT

      Attribute_Definition: Geologic unit sample is located within

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ROCK_TYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Physical type of rock from which sample was taken

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SIO2

      Attribute_Definition: Silicon concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TIO2

      Attribute_Definition: Titanium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: AL2O3

      Attribute_Definition: Aluminum concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FEO

      Attribute_Definition: Total iron concentration expressed as weight percent ferrous iron oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MNO

      Attribute_Definition: Manganese concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MGO

      Attribute_Definition: Magnesium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CAO

      Attribute_Definition: Calcium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: NA2O

      Attribute_Definition: Sodium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: K2O

      Attribute_Definition: Potassium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: P2O5

      Attribute_Definition: Phosphorous concentration expressed as weight percent oxide

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TOTAL

      Attribute_Definition: Total of weight percent oxides

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SIO2_N

      Attribute_Definition: Silicon expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TIO2_N

      Attribute_Definition: Titanium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: AL2O3_N

      Attribute_Definition: Aluminum expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FEO__N

      Attribute_Definition: : Total iron concentration expressed as weight percent ferrous iron oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MNO_N

      Attribute_Definition: Manganese expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MGO_N

      Attribute_Definition: Magnesium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CAO_N

      Attribute_Definition: Calcium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: NA2O_N

      Attribute_Definition: Sodium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: K2O_N

      Attribute_Definition: Potassium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: P2O5_N

      Attribute_Definition: Phosphorous expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: PLAGIOCL

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent plagioclase phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CLINOPYR

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent clinopyroxene phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ORTHOPYR

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent orthopyroxene phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OLIVINE

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent olivine phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FE_TI_OX

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent iron-oxide phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OTHER

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent other phenocrysts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: GROUNDMASS

      Attribute_Definition: Modal percent of groundmass

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: NO__POINTS

      Attribute_Definition: Number of points counted for modes

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TEXTURE

      Attribute_Definition: Rock and groundmass texture

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MG

      Attribute_Definition: Magnesium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: BA

      Attribute_Definition: Barium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: RB

      Attribute_Definition: Rubidium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SR

      Attribute_Definition: Strontium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Y

      Attribute_Definition: Yttrium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ZR

      Attribute_Definition: Zirconium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: NB

      Attribute_Definition: Niobium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: NI

      Attribute_Definition: Nickel concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CU

      Attribute_Definition: Copper concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ZN

      Attribute_Definition: Zinc concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CR

      Attribute_Definition: Chromium concentration in parts per million

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: COMMENTS

      Attribute_Definition: Specific notes about samples

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: AnnoChemPts

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasChemistryAnno

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FeatureID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ZOrder

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Element

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SymbolID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Status

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TextString

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontName

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontSize

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Bold

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Italic

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Underline

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: XOffset

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: YOffset

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Angle

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontLeading

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: WordSpacing

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FlipAngle

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Override

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length

      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area

      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: AnnoChemPts

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasRadiocarbonPts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID_1

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Shape

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MAP_NO

      Attribute_Definition: Number designation on map

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FIELD_SAMPLE

      Attribute_Definition: Date of sample taken in the field collection and order taken

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LAB_SAMPLE

      Attribute_Definition: Number of laboratory sample

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LATITUDE

      Attribute_Definition: Measurement of latitude

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE

      Attribute_Definition: Measurement of longitude

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT

      Attribute_Definition: Stratigraphy notes which unit and where in the unit

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: MATERIAL_DATED

      Attribute_Definition: Material that was submitted

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CONVENTIONIONAL_AGE

      Attribute_Definition: Conventional age date

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: C13_12C

      Attribute_Definition: Carbon 12

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CALIBRATED_AGE

      Attribute_Definition: Calibrated information, ranges of ages

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SOURCE

      Attribute_Definition: Source of reference for radiometric age

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: PTTYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Point type attribute "radiometric"

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: AnnoRadiocarbonPts

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasRadiocarbonPtsAnno

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FeatureID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: ZOrder

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Element

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SymbolID

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Status

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: TextString

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontName

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontSize

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Bold

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Italic

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Underline

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: XOffset

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: YOffset

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Angle

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FontLeading

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: WordSpacing

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: FlipAngle

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Override

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length

      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area

      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: AnnoRadiocarbonPts

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: CamasFossilPts

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: SHAPE

      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: PTTYPE

      Attribute_Definition: Point feature attribute, “fossil locality”

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

    Entity_Type:

      Entity_Type_Label: unit

      Entity_Type_Definition: Map Unit Descriptions

      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Unit

      Attribute_Definition: Unit Abbreviation on Map

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Age

      Attribute_Definition: Geologic Age

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Unit_Name

      Attribute_Definition: Name of Formation or unit

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Unit_Type1

      Attribute_Definition: First order unit heading

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Surficial Deposits

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Volcanic Rocks of the Boring Volcanic Field

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Basin-Fill Deposits

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bedrock

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Unit_Type2

      Attribute_Definition: Second order unit heading

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Alluvial, eolian, and mass wastage deposits

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Troutdale Formation

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Unit_Type3

      Attribute_Definition: Third order unit heading

      Attribute_Domain_Values:

           Enumerated_Domain:

                Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cataclysmic-flood deposits

    Attribute:

      Attribute_Label: Description

      Attribute_Definition: Map unit description

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

  Detailed_Description:

     Title: camas.tif

      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

      Online_Linkage: camas.tif

  Description:

    Abstract: BASE MAP-The base map for the digital compilation is a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Camas 7.5' quadrangle (1993), which has a 10-foot contour interval. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 10. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The base map layer is a digital image, but no information other than location is attached to the lines. The base map is provided for reference only.

    Purpose: Base material for geology map

  Time_Period_of_Content:

    Time_Period_Information:

      Single_Date/Time:

        Calendar_Date: 2008

    Currentness_Reference: publication date

  Status:

    Progress: Complete

    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

  Spatial_Domain:

    Bounding_Coordinates:

      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.501108

      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.373613

      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.625615

      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.499385

  Keywords:

    Theme:

      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DRG

      Theme_Keyword: DRG

  Access_Constraints: none

  Use_Constraints: none

  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

  Raster_Object_Information:

    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

    Row_Count: 5723

    Column_Count: 4041

    Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

    Planar:

      Planar_Coordinate_Information:

        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

        Coordinate_Representation:

          Abscissa_Resolution: 2.438400

          Ordinate_Resolution: 2.438400

Distribution_Information:

  Distributor:

    Contact_Information:

      Contact_Organization_Primary:

        Contact_Organization: USGS Information Services

      Contact_Address:

        Address_Type: mailing address

        Address: Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

        City: Denver

        State_or_Province: CO

        Postal_Code: 80225-0046

        Country: USA

      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200

      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202-4695

      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov

  Resource_Description:

    Downloadable Data

    USGS Scientific Investigations Map SIM-3017

  Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this publication has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to  revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.

  Standard_Order_Process:

    Digital_Form:

      Digital_Transfer_Option:

        Online_Option:

          Computer_Contact_Information:

            Network_Address:

              Network_Resource_Name: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/sim/3017

    Fees: free

Metadata_Reference_Information:

  Metadata_Date: 20080219 (revised 20100408)

  Metadata_Contact:

    Contact_Information:

      Contact_Organization_Primary:

        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Northwest Urban Corridor Mapping Project

        Contact_Person: Karen Wheeler

      Contact_Address:

        Address_Type: mailing and physical address

        Address: 345 Middlefield Rd

        Address: MS 973

        City: Menlo Park

        State_or_Province: CA

        Postal_Code: 94025

        Country: USA

      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-4935

      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-4936

      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwheeler@usgs.gov

  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

  Metadata_Extensions:

    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html

    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile