Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Luke D. Trusel
        Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
        Originator: Lisa L. Etherington
        Originator: Ross D. Powell
        Originator: Larry A. Mayer
        Publication_Date: 2010
        Title: metadata-watercolumn.txt - Marine Benthic Habitat Mapping of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska 
        Edition: 1.0
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map
          Issue_Identification: 3122
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Reston, VA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
        Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3122
    Description:
      Abstract: This data set contains the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS version III June 2008 draft) Water Column Component attributes for Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska.
      Purpose: These data are to define water column properties according to the CMECS version III (June 2008) draft (Madden and others, 2008).
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Single_Date/Time:
          Calendar_Date: 2009
      Currentness_Reference: publication date
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -137.057739
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.875108
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.086017
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.326735
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
        Theme_Keyword: Benthic habitats
        Theme_Keyword: seafloor geology
        Theme_Keyword: substrates
        Theme_Keyword: glacial sedimentation
        Theme_Keyword: glacimarine processes
        Theme_Keyword: ctd data
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
        Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation
        Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
        Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
        Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
        Place_Keyword: East Arm
        Place_Keyword: Southeast Alaska
        Place_Keyword: USA
        Place_Keyword: Marine reserve
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
        Place_Keyword: Muir Inlet
        Place_Keyword: Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and Preserve
        Place_Keyword: Glacier Bay
        Place_Keyword: Alaska
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints:
      Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

      Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data.

      The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials.

      This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
 
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.6.1500
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report:
      Contact authors for
      an explanation of the fidelity of relationships in the data set and tests used.
    Completeness_Report:
      Contact authors for
      information about omissions, selection criteria, generalization, definitions used, and other rules used to derive the data set.
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: unknown
    Lineage:
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Following the CMECS system, water column classes and attributes were assigned to locations of established oceanographic stations within Glacier Bay (Etherington and others, 2007a). Two main data sets were used to define classes and attributes: 1) conductivity temperature depth (CTD) data (Etherington and others, 2007a); and 2) results from a tidal circulation model (Hill and others, 2009, Hill 2007). CTD data were collected at 22 stations spanning the axes of Glacier Bay from 1993 - 2002 and covering all seasons (Figure 5). Parameters include salinity, temperature, density/stratification, turbidity, photosynthetically available radiation, and chlorophyll a. This set of stations includes six stations (15 - 20) within Muir Inlet that span the entire length of the inlet. Detailed computational tidal simulations of Glacier Bay were conducted using an ADCIRC tidal circulation model (Hill 2007, Hill and others, 2009). ADCIRC output includes time series and global output of water surface elevation and depth-integrated velocity. To determine a singe representative value of tidal current speed and tidal range at each oceanographic station, the root-mean-square (RMS) of speed and tidal elevation was calculated from the results of a harmonic analysis of the model domain (Hill 2007).

          The framework for the CMECS water column component is in draft form and additional work is needed to refine it and develop the rules for combining classifiers to identify and describe the water column units (Madden and others, 2008). As a result, we developed our own approach for combining the classifiers and integrating the horizontal and vertical aspects of water column dynamics. The structure of the water column was used to define two vertical strata - upper water layer and bottom water layer, which are defined by those strata above and below the pycnocline, respectively.  The pycnocline within Glacier Bay varies both spatially and temporally, but generally exists at 15 m depth or shallower. Since temporal averages were used to define the water column properties and to simplify the classification of water layers, the upper water layer was defined as 0 - 15 m below the surface while the bottom water layer was the remaining water column below this stratum. This standard definition was used for all oceanographic stations of Glacier Bay and average oceanographic parameter values from 0 to 15 m were used to classify the upper water layer.

          CMECS water column classes and general attributes were applied to the upper water column and bottom water column separately for each of the oceanographic stations. All attributes in which data were available were assessed and classified. Averages of parameters over tidal conditions (e.g. ebb/flood, spring/neap) and various time scales (months, years) were used to classify each oceanographic station. Values were only assigned to a point location and were not extrapolated beyond the oceanographic station; thus, only the central regions of the inlets of Glacier Bay were classified. Therefore, the water column classification differs from the geoform and benthic cover classifications, which were based on a comprehensive continuous data set of almost the entirety of Muir Inlet.

          Etherington, L.L., Hooge, P.N., Hooge, E.R., and Hill, D.F., 2007a, Oceanography of Glacier Bay, Alaska: implications for biological patterns in a glacial fjord estuary: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 30, no. 6, p. 927-944.

          Hill, D. F., 2007, Tidal modeling of Glacier Bay, Alaska - Methodology, results, and application. Unpublished Report, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA. 139 pp. [available at URL http://water.engr.psu.edu/hill/research/glba/default.stm]

          Hill, D.F., Ciavola, S.J., Etherington, L., and Klaar, M.J., 2009, Estimation of freshwater runoff into Glacier Bay, Alaska and incorporation into a tidal circulation model: Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science, doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.12.019.

          Madden, C.J., Goodin, K.L., Allee, R., Finkbeiner, M., and Bamford, D.E., 2008, Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard: NOAA and NatureServe, 77 pp.
        Process_Date: 2009
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Lisa L. Etherington
              Contact_Organization: Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary
            Contact_Position: Research Coordinator
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address: P.O. Box 159
              City: Olema
              State_or_Province: CA
              Postal_Code: 94950
              Country: USA
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 415-663-1443
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 415-663-0315
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
    Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
      SDTS_Terms_Description:
        SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
        Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 24
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Geographic:
        Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
        Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
        Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
        Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: water_column_component
        Entity_Type_Definition:
          Contact authors for
          the description of the entity type.
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
          Contact authors for
          the authority of the definition.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: FID
        Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Shape
        Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        stn: station number as defined in figure 5 of the accompanying SIM report and Etherington and others, (2007).

        wcchab_uwc: code to describe WCC habitat for the upper water column -- concatenation of depth_num, saluwc_num, et_uwc_num, ws_uwc_num

        wcchab_bwc: code to describe WCC habitat for the bottom water column -- concatenation of depth_num, salbwc_num, et_bwc_num, ws_uwc_num

        long: longitude

        lat: latitude

        name: geographic name for station location

        avg_depth: depth recorded at each station location

        ecoregion: CMECS ecoregion attribute

        system: CMECS system attribute

        enclosure: CMECS enclosure attribute

        pos_shbrk: CMECS positon relative to shelf break attribute

        depth_ben: CMECS benthic depth zone attribute (defined based on seafloor depth at station - avg_depth)

        depth_num: numerical code given for depth_ben (ciracalittoral = 3; circalittoral (offshore) = 4; mesobenthic = 5)

        tide_range: CMECS tide range attribute

        depth_uwc: CMECS water column depth zone for upper water column water mass

        depth_bwc: CMECS water column depth zone for bottom water column water mass

        macroh_uwc: CMECS macrohabitat attribute for upper water column

        macroh_bwc: CMECS macrohabitat attribute for bottom water column

        mesoh_uwc: CMECS mesohabitat attribute for upper water column

        mesoh_bwc: CMECS mesohabitat attribute for bottom water column

        life_uwc: CMECS life form attribute for upper water column

        life_bwc: CMECS life form attribute for bottom water column

        bio_uwc: CMECS biotope attribute for upper water column

        bio_bwc: CMECS biotope attribute for bottom water column

        sal_uwc: CMECS salinity attribute for upper water column

        saluwc_num: numerical code given for upper water column salinity (mesohaline = 3; polyhaline = 4)

        sal_bwc: CMECS salinity attribute for bottom water colum

        salbwc_num: numerical code given for bottom water column salinity (Euhaline = 5)

        temp_uwc: CMECS temperature attribute for upper water column

        temp_bwc: CMECS temperature attribute for bottom water column

        oxy_uwc: CMECS oxygen attribute for upper water column

        oxy_bwc: CMECS oxygen attribute for bottom water column

        turbid_uwc: CMECS turbidity attribute for upper water column

        turbid_bwc: CMECS turbidity attribute for bottom water column

        turtyp_uwc: CMECS turbidity type attribute for upper water column

        turtyp_bwc: CMECS turbidity type attribute for bottom water column

        turprv_uwc: CMECS turbidity provenance attribute for upper water column

        turprv_bwc: CMECS turbidity provenance attribute for bottom water column

        photic_uwc: CMECS photic quality attribute for upper water column

        photic_bwc: CMECS photic quality attribute for bottom water column

        engtyp_uwc: CMECS energy type attribute for upper water column

        et_uwc_num: numerical code given for engtyp_uwc (current = 2; tide = 5)

        engtyp_bwc: CMECS energy type attribute for bottom water column

        et_bwc_num: numerical code given for engtyp_bwc (tide = 5)

        engint_uwc: CMECS energy intensity attribute for upper water column

        engint_bwc: CMECS energy intensity attribute for bottom water column

        engdir_uwc: CMECS energy direction attribute for upper water column

        engdir_bwc: CMECS energy direction attribute for bottom water column

        waters_uwc: CMECS primary water source attribute for upper water column

        ws_uwc_num: numerical code for waters_uwc (watershed = 1; local_estuary_exchange = 2; local_ocean_exchange = 3)

        waters_bwc: CMECS primary water source attribute for bottom water column

        ws_bwc_num: numerical code for waters_bwc (local_estuary_exchange = 2; local_ocean_exchange = 3)

        troph_uwc: CMECS trophic status attribute for upper water column

        troph_bwc: CMECS trophic status attribute for bottom water column

        persis_uwc: CMECS temporal persistence attribute for upper water column

        persis_bwc: CMECS temporal persistence attribute for bottom water column

        ---------------------------------------------------

        Values of "ND" indicate no data available

        Values of "NA" indicate a non applicable attribute to define the water column component or where our data were not sufficient to define the attribute.
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
        This classification follows the guidelines of CMECS version III (June 2008 draft) and is considered a preliminary application of the draft CMECS. Please see SIM report for discussion of this implementation.

        Madden, C.J., Goodin, K.L., Allee, R., Finkbeiner, M., and Bamford, D.E., 2008, Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard: NOAA and NatureServe, 77 pp.
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
          Contact_Person: Information Services Associate
        Contact_Position: Information Services
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: USGS, Box 25286
          City: Denver
          State_or_Province: C0
          Postal_Code: 80225
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS     
    Resource_Description: Downloadable data and Map-on-Demand
    Distribution_Liability:
      Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

      Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data.

      The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form: 
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: SHP
          Format_Version_Number: 9.2
          Format_Specification: ESRI shapefile
          Format_Information_Content: The SHP file contains the geospatial data. The SHX file contains the index of the geospatial data. The DBF file contains the attribute data in dBASE format. The PRJ file contains the coordinate system information (optional). The AVL file contains the legend information (optional). The SBN and SBX files contain the spatial index of the geospatial data (optional). The XML file contains the metadata describing the data set <data set name>.shp.xml.
          File_Decompression_Technique: zip
          Transfer_Size: 0.001
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3122/
      Fees: none
    Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefile format.  The user must have ArcGISÆ or ArcViewÆ 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file.  In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of the importing data.  A free data viewer, arcexplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com.
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20090306
    Metadata_Review_Date: 20090227
    Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization:
          United States Geological Survey (USGS)
          Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
        Contact_Person: Guy R. Cochrane
      Contact_Position: Geophysicist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: USGS, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
        City: Santa Cruz
        State_or_Province: CA
        Postal_Code: 95060-5792
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 427-4754
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4748
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcochrane@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2")
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: none